To know basic concepts of Operating System and its Layered structure. To get information about Computer System Architecture. To study about services provided by Operating System. To learn various types of Operating Systems. To know basic concept of Virtual Machine. Ue ‘An operating system (sometimes abbreviated as "OS’) is a program that, after being initially loaded into the computer with boot program, manages all the other programs ina computer: The other programs are called application programs. The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined Application Program Interface usually called as API. ‘An Operating System is a software program or set of programs that mediate access between physical devices such as, a keyboard, mouse, monitor, disk drive or network connection and application programs such as, a word processor, World Wide Web browser or Electronic mail client It is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between applications and the computer hardware. It is a program designed torun other programs on system, Operating systems are responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays. They also manage files on computer hard drives and control peripherals, like printers and scanners. Its job includes preventing unauthorized users from accessing the computer system. ‘Asa part of this process, the operating system manages the resources of the compu ter in an attempt to meet overall system goals such as efficiency and throughput. The details of this resource management can be quite complicated; however, the operating system usually hides such complexities from the user. (1.1) } eam aliERY whats operating system? | * An operating system may be viewed as an Gf harare, conning of cont roves for operating computer a8 providing an environment fr execution of program ‘Other programs rely on facies provided bythe operating system to gain access t0 ‘computer system resources, suchas files and input/output devices. Programs usually invoke services of operating system by means of operating system. cals in addition users may jnteract with operating system directly by means of ‘operating system commands. In elther cate, the operating system acts as interface between users and hardware ofa computer system, = led collection of software extensions es Fs a g- reytowe Mig. 13: Concept of Operting System i REY vefinition of operating system a ee cea 1 ‘the actions and allows the user to run applications or communicate with other menace : pemtecn ee Sree re co orn een Sa ee ae eee = : ‘An Operating system ix cllectlonof programs that contol the application software i ‘hat users run and provides a lnk between the hardware and software currently waning sens Som#4|__ 62 en the computer. The operating sys on conte fal errs Gamay. anagemen, nest the different application Progr jultaneoosi. PEE A characteristics of Operating System Some characteristics of an Operating System sre tasking: Multiple programs can run n't © Spalth processing: It can take advantage of multiple Proce, 2 nalher epeersan rn proranscnsstneny S securiey It can reliably prevent application programs trom toes, hardware devices Le. protected. Be fo thas ult-in support for graphics and Netwarts Sit manages the internal memory exchanges within the ge applications FEW] basic Functions of Operating System ‘Various operating system functions are listed below: 4. A Task Schedaler:The task scheduler is able to aloc th mins > toa number of different tasks. Some of those tasks ae th diftems at thatthe uler is running and some of them are opertng sm ui | schedulers the partof the operating yee that yout your word processor in one window while you ae dowsing Sy nc window and recalculating a spreadsheet is third window. ‘A Memory Manager: The memory manager contrls the sexs ure ‘normally creates alarger virtual memory space using flea hain ‘3 A Disk Manager: The disk manager creates and maintains the moa files on the disk. When you request a file the disk manager bin isk A Network Manager: The network manager controls ll the dom movie \ the computer and the network. Other YO Services Manager: The operating system manage eee ‘Mouse, video, display, printers etc. Security Manager: The operating system malntains the sexy ¢ {information in the compute’ files and controls that can aces the = Deadlocks: Ifa process wants resources of system and if ts ox=pel [Process then it has to wait, if circular wait forms thea deadlock 2 i (Hohe ei }Examples of Operating System 5 + Before 1950 the rectly interact with hardware; theres 22 90% system at that time.erent Pt ton Hh = 0 ee empennent Re AULA Se Witte ‘ops, te CB sare sage Hen — Sr he seg fra sa, ‘eames fh oth sth pasar nem so ee mah Mathie A hae 8 whey Onees Ce MO +1 reseed meme oy gee Se mee CAS STS tie Ha am te en tk facamw f Seve a sey rans cg Fawn a pogrom 6 seas ip ts a seinem dere deenan koaledegeodd coos tied ee rs ga ee smporen I patina ina mae 1 Te rem we wheal Che Ma hea ek Vie weifat Soutien 8 AO Oa Ye Mag a i tu wow ELA wa An ha sh ALY al GONNA IPO. + Kawah Cpeiing WEE ie» wanepapion matt Sen wee (guag spnen tat beam WALA sh te eats Yee 1 comayatie sa pr om seam frees wh ncecteal iy Spcrene Wha * «HA waey wan I Ti woe VO WA we et fatal ie LIA Wt ELD TA ws 2 Wt netagerding dagewe ent cemminbtine (6 + 5h mae yatta apnea nia, Yl mw tes 0 0 pangs te ee + aL Melee V8 LORI AON yh send Comma ct cn pr A me cpg as eee Sapontteh Soom the ripe ego, st @ ‘arom ne ethan tab ga Me cton on bath a Nappy tt Yale tos a TK Un natle, ‘oon + Commash Seanyptet Tia 8 pla HATH Cel Yat TMs tts ose 1 Wma tes wh enrtas are aed Yes eam Toa Coast CDW i aie mrss Widow vars we oo hr Many A tA. o “ a puree ‘we tee Ge . me a ton vases ht ses he 000 oy He Tse CX te teach " Gon ialiaoruuta CoaeMeTT cages compen, lctedog Hogovent ® ta Ld Z Ba pci apt esgic ma Speen so eserrpece pepo bow 4 Ps a + Fema Saens A 0 see a3 ena st Hang PRET Prey i rca A machcme 2 tacit seme ees 2 Mupaibicy wi Keippcry & gers tree sactny & Fathi Ba ore. sechcaesnee Pig 2 sence OL Op Tan Kerk Te Neca i te ato hn Trcaing ye eras SA it ton hasta x comet, tema tein ai ace is Se oe ta fico fared son te mage Com amary *2 sccm 0 the Comptes, to eons toe Re Typ 2 tants eT ana aren, 6 pete lap wa OPS in sat Ss Meee eemtiea Kia capes ata amet Progpaas Wheres With the arses themat weaty Of system als Symes BS el te Ler to cat ot varios ats Ux the pcg, rack wa cpeming te rity 10 8 Ge, caicing internation toast 2 Fie, exerting & # eangping the pcatcy of process and geming Be = heen a (The Sac Sa, st part oh the operating system. is 2 acd ft sct8 45 3 mediator between Wernel end weer. 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This means that you are allowed to 4 whey vwanttowth he soforare. 4. Windows operating System: © Windows is an operating system developed by Microsoft It is 2 -roup of sox. ‘proprietary graphical operating system families Microsc? intatoa c peratng system on November 20,1985, a8 a graphical operating tn ate ‘The main advantage of Windows OS is that te user triendy. crested cas ‘ape of revolution in desktop computers allowing an averge ser to acres without any complexities. Windows OS provided handful of produce sob as Mlcrooft Office thathave made computers very useful. ‘The frst Windows launched in 1965 was Windows 10. Later many vers wet Ieeased suchas Windows XP, Windows Vets, Windows, Windows & Widoe ‘at us ee the various versions of Windows Operating System: ©) Windows xP: ‘+ Windowa Xp is an operating system produced by Mlcrovft spat ot te Windows NT family of operating systems. + 1 was released to ‘on August 24, 2001, and brady teleased forretal sale on Octber 25,2001.