Hydraulic
Types of Hydraulic Valves
Check Valves
Flow Control Valves
Pressure Control Valves
Directional Control Valves
Proportional Valves
Cartridge Valves
Hydraulic
Check
Valve
Hydraulic
Types of check valves
Non-return valve
Shuttle valve
Pilot operated check valve
Hydraulic
Check Valve
Inline Mounting
A check valve allows flow
in one direction only.
Manifold Mounting
Hydraulic
Check
Poppet Spring
Valve
B A
Flow Direction
A check valve allows flow in one direction only.
The fluid unseats the poppet when flowing from B to A, and
forces the poppet closed when flowing from A to B.
Hydraulic
Check valves applications
Hydraulic
Shuttle valve
The so-called shuttle valve functions as a hydraulic “OR”
element.
The shuttle valve is anon-return valve fitted with 2 poppet-
seats and 3 outlets.
It is used ,for instance, for pressure pick-up when the
pressure sides change.
Hydraulic
Pilot operated Check Valve
P X
Putting pressure on the X-port will force the poppet open in both
directions and flow is from A to B or B to A.
Without pressure on the X port Flow is from A to B only and B to A
is blocked.
The port P is an auxiliary pressure port.
Hydraulic
• The valves are used, for example:
• To isolate working circuits under pressure
• To prevent the load from dropping if a line
break
• To prevent creep movements of hyd.
Loaded actuators
Hydraulic
Pilot operated check valve
Main poppet
Pilot piston
Pressure at A acts at area A1
Hydraulic
• When Px reached the
complete area A1 is
opened
• A decompression shocks
will result if large volume
under pressure are freed
• This will stress the
• complete hyd. System
especially the screws and
moving valve parts
• To avoid this effect thee
valve is designed with
pre-opening pilot poppet
Hydraulic
Pilot Check Valve
With no pressure on X, A to B
is open and B to A is blocked.
With pressure on X, A to B as
well as B to A are open.
Hydraulic
Pilot Check Valve
Pilot Port
This pilot check is used on an
FLS vertical roller mill hydro-
pneumatic spring system.
Hydraulic
Pre-fill valve with pre-opening poppet
Hydraulic
Prefill pilot operated check valve
They are used mainly to prefill large cylinder
volumes and to isolate the main working
circuit under pressure
The valve is normally
open in one direction,
closed in the other.
When pressure is put on
the pilot port, the valve is
open in both directions.
Hydraulic
Pilot Check Valve
Pilot Port
This pilot check is used on an
FLS vertical roller mill hydro-
pneumatic spring system.
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Pilot operated check valve
Hydraulic
Pilot operated check valve
As opposed to the simple non return valves, pilot
actuated non return valves may also be opened in
the direction of closure. These valves are used,
for example:
to isolate working circuits under pressure
to prevent creep movements of
hydraulically loaded actuators
to prevent the load from dropping, if a line
should break
Hydraulic
Pilot operated double check valve
Hydraulic
Pilot operated double check valve
Free flow from A1 to A2 or B1 to B2
Blocked flow fro A2 to A1 or B2 to B1
The connection from B2 to B1 open when:
flow from A1 to B2 and move the control
spool and pushes the poppet of the check
valve 2 from the seat
The connection from B2 to B1 is now open.
Hydraulic
Twin throttle check valve
A1 B1
A2 B2
In twin throttle check valves two symmetrically arranged
throttle check valves are mounted in a sub plate, limiting
flow in one direction and allowing free flow in the opposite
direction.
Hydraulic
Applications
Hydraulic
Cartridge
Valve
A cartridge valve consists of
a cartridge element and a
Cartridge Element
control cover.
The type of control cover
determines how the valve
operates.
Control Cover
Hydraulic
Simple cartridge check valve
Hydraulic
Cartridge check valve
Hydraulic
Cartridge pilot operated check valve
Hydraulic
Flow Control
Valve
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Throttle opening for constant throttle
Hydraulic
ﺻﻣﺎم ﺧﺎﻧق ﻟﻠﺗرﻛﯾب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺧطوط
ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﺻﻣﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗدﻓق ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻲ ﺳرﻋﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم ﻋن
طرﯾق ﺗﻐﯾر ﻣﻌدل ﺗدﻓق اﻟﺳﺎﺋل اﻟذي ﯾﺻل اﻟﯾﺔ
و ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﻘﺳﯾﻣﮭﺎ اﻟﻲ:
ﺻﻣﺎﻣﺎت ﺧﺎﻧﻘﺔ:
ذات ﺗدﻓق ﻣﺗﺎﺛر ﺑﺎﻟﺿﻐط و اﻟﻠزوﺟﺔ
ذات ﺗدﻓق ﻣﺗﺎﺛر ﺑﺎﻟﺿﻐط و ﻻ ﯾﺗﺎﺛر ﺑﺎﻟﻠزوﺟﺔ
ﺻﻣﺎﻣﺎت ﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗدﻓق:
ذات ﺗدﻓق ﻏﯾر ﻣﺗﺎﺛر ﺑﺎﻟﺿﻐط و ﻣﺗﺎﺛر ﺑﺎﻟﻠزوﺟﺔ
ذات ﺗدﻓق ﻏﯾر ﻣﺗﺎﺛر ﺑﺎﻟﺿﻐط او اﻟﻠزوﺟﺔ
Hydraulic
Throttle Valve
Viscosity dependent throttle valve
Pipe mounting throttle valve
• Larger pressure drop larger oil flow
• Throttling occurs in both direction
Used when:
Constant working resistance
A change in speed is irrelevant or
even desirable with changing load
1 – Side bores
2 – Housing
3 – throttle position
4 – adjustable sleeve
throttling
Hydraulic
Throttle Check Valve
Throttling is done in one
direction only
Check valve direction
Throttle valve direction
Hydraulic
ﺻﻣﺎم ﺧﺎﻧق ﻻ رﺟﻌﻲ
Hydraulic
Cartridge throttle check valve
1 – cartridge bush
2 – valve body
3 – adjustment head
4 – throttle pin
5 – check valve
6 – spring
7 – throttle opening
Hydraulic
ﺻﻣﺎم ﺧﺎﻧق ﻻ رﺟﻌﻲ ﻣزدوج
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
ﺻﻣﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺗﺑﺎطؤ
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Flow control valve with upstream
pressure compensator
FCV are used to keep a set flow
constant regardless of pressure
variations.
The flow control valve is a controller
comprising the following:
Measuring throttle (1)
Pressure compensator (2)
Spring (3)
P2 * Ak = P3 * Ak + FF
The pressure drop at the measuring
orfice is given by:
∆P = P2 – P3 = FF / Ak = constant
∆P and Q are constant
Hydraulic
Flow control valve
FCV are used to keep a set flow
constant regardless of pressure
variations.
The flow control valve is a controller
comprising the following:
Measuring throttle 1
Pressure compensator 2
P1 * Ak = P2 * Ak + Ff
∆P = P1 – p2 = Ff / Ak = constant
∆P = constant flow
Hydraulic
136 page ﺻﻣﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗدﻓق
Hydraulic
Needle Flow Control Valve
Most hydraulic flow
control valves are
needle valves.
They are used to
adjust the speed of
actuators.
Hydraulic
Needle Flow Control Valve
Inline Mounting Manifold Mounting
Hydraulic
Pressure & Temperature
Compensated Flow Control Valve
Flow rate depends on:
Size of Orifice
Upstream Pressure
Downstream Pressure
Fluid Viscosity (Temperature)
Flow control valves are often pressure and temperature compensated
to maintain the set flow rate even as upstream or downstream system
pressures change, and as fluid temperatures change.
Hydraulic
Pressure & Temperature
Compensated Flow Control Valve
Pressure
Compensation
Spool
Flow will remain constant as long as the
differential pressure changes across the valve
do not exceed the valves specifications.
Hydraulic
Pressure & Temperature
Compensated Flow Control Valve
Flow will remain constant as long as the
differential pressure changes across the valve
do not exceed the valves specifications.
Hydraulic
Pressure & Temperature
Compensated Flow Control Valve
Hydraulic
Ball Valve
Ball valves are either fully open or
fully closed and are used to isolate
parts of a hydraulic system.
They should not be used to regulate
flow.
They are normally manually
operated.
Hydraulic
Orifice Plate
Orifice Size
Stamped on
Tongue
An orifice plate is a fixed flow
control device, usually used to
restrict flow to part of a
hydraulic system.
Hydraulic
Pressure
Control Valve
Hydraulic
Five Basic functions of the pressure control valve
1. Relief Valve
2. Reducing Valve
3. Sequence Valve
4. Counterbalance or Brake Valves
5. Unloading Valve
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
pressure relief valve
Direct operated Pilot – operated
Hydraulic
Direct Operated
• Poppet type • Ball type
• Large flow • Small flows
• Stable • Noisy
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Pressure Relief valve
By pass Valve or
Safety Valve
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Relief valve operation
Hydraulic
Relief valve
Poppet and
spool types
Hydraulic
Direct-operated pressure relief valve
Hydraulic
Pilot – operated pressure relief valve
Hydraulic
Pilot Operated PRV
Hydraulic
Pressure Relief Valve
Sub-plate mounting makes
a neat installation, easy to
service and less prone to
leaks.
Sub-plate
Hydraulic
Remoting
Piloting
Hydraulic
Venting the pilot operated relief
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Solenoid Vented
Relief Valve
Solenoid Valve
Relief Valve
This valve will automatically bleed down system pressure
when the solenoid is de-energized.
On system start-up, the pump can start unloaded, and once
running, the valve can be energized and the system
pressurized.
Hydraulic
Unloading function
Hydraulic
• Adjust force in the secondary
system.
• Isolate components with low
pressure from the high
pressure side.
• Heat generation with reducing
action
ﺻﻣﺎﻣﺎت ﺗﻧظﯾم اﻟﺿﻐط
Hydraulic
اﻗﺻﻲ ﺿﻐط ﻋﻧد اﻟﻣدﺧل ٣١٥ﺑﺎر
اﻗﺻﻲ ﺿﻐط ﻋﻧد اﻟﻣﺧرج ٢١٠ﺑﺎر
ﻣﻌدل اﻟﺗدﻓق ﺣﺗﻲ ٤٥ﻟﺗر
Hydraulic
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﻌدﻻت اﻟﺗدﻓق اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة
ﻣﻌدﻻت اﻟﺗدﻓق ﺣﺗﻲ ٣٠٠ﻟﺗر/د
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Counterbalance or Brake Valves
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Unloading the high volume pump
Hydraulic
Charging the Accumulator
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Cracking pressure
Hydraulic
Directional
Control Valve
Hydraulic
Directional Control Valve
Hydraulic
4 - Way Directional
Directional
Valve
Valve
Valve
Spool
T A P B T A P B
With the valve spool
pushed to the left, fluid
flows from P to A and
Cylinder B to T.
With the spool to the
right, flow is from P to
High Pressure from Pump (P) B and A to T.
Low Pressure to Tank (T)
Hydraulic
Directional Valve
Operation
Load
A B
Solenoid
De-
Cylinder Movement
energized
P T
High Pressure
Low Pressure
Hydraulic
Directional Valve
Operation
Load
A B
Solenoid
Energize
Cylinder Movement
d
P T
High Pressure
Low Pressure
Hydraulic
Directional Control Valve
Hand Operated
Shifting the lever moves the
spool, changing the direction
of flow.
This valve has a detent, which
Detent
keeps the spool in position
after the handle is released
Hydraulic
Directional Control Valve
Hand Operated
With these manual
directional valves the
rotational direction of the
hydraulic motors can be
reversed.
Hydraulic
3-position
Directional Control
Valve
This valve’s spool has 3
positions: left, right and center.
When neither solenoid is
energized, the springs center
the spool.
Different spools are available
for different center position
functions (open center, closed
center, tandem center, float
center).
Hydraulic
Directional Control Valve
Solenoid Operated
“B” Solenoid
Connection
Coil
Box
“A” Solenoid
Coil
Spool
Manual
Override Centering
Spring
Hydraulic
Solenoid Operated
Directional Valve
Coil A solenoid is an
electromagnet.
When energized, the
Armature magnet pulls the
armature in and the
spool shifts position.
Hydraulic
In-Rush Current
Solenoid In-Rush
Current
Amps
Holding Current
Time
When an AC solenoid is first energized there is a high in-rush
current through the coil.
Once the armature moves to it’s final position the current drops off to
a lower holding level.
If the spool sticks and the armature cannot move, currents stays at
the higher holding level and the coil eventually burns out.
Hydraulic
Pilot Operated
Directional Valve
Solenoids can operate
valves up to ½” in size. Pilot
Valve
For larger sizes, a small
pilot valve is piggy-
backed onto a larger,
hydraulically operated
main valve, with the Main
output of the pilot valve Valve
directed to the spool of
the main valve.
Hydraulic
Pilot Operated
Directional Valve
Pilot
Valve
Main
Valve
Hydraulic
Pilot Operated
Directional Valve
When pressurized
Pilot Pilot
fluid from the pilot Valve
Passage
valve is brought to way
the main valve’s
Main
end chamber, the Valve
spool is shifted.
Hydraulic
Sandwich
Mounting
Solenoid Operated
Directional Valve
Check Valve
Pressure Relief
Valve
Manual Valve
Manifold
Directional valves are frequently mounted in a stacked
“sandwich” configuration together with other valves to simplify
the piping.
Hydraulic
Proportional
Control Valve
Hydraulic
Proportional
Electronics
Valve
A proportional valve
controls both flow
direction and flow rate. Variable
The spool can be moved Solenoid
to any position in its
travel, not just to one end
or the other as with a
normal directional valve. Notched
Spool
Hydraulic
Pilot Operated
Proportional Valve
Pilot
Valve
Larger valves are controlled
with a pilot valve. Main
The LVDT senses the Valve
position of the main valve’s
spool.
The distance the spool is
moved determines the flow
rate.
LVDT
Hydraulic
Pilot Operated
Proportional Valve
Electronics
Pilot Stage
Main Valve
Check Valves
Test Ports Manifold
Proportional valves frequently mounted with a pressure
compensator, which ensures a constant pressure drop across
the spool regardless of load.
Hydraulic
Cartridge
Valve
Hydraulic
Cartridge Valves
High flow rates.
Neater package.
Less prone to leakage.
Less noise.
Better response time.
Lower installed cost.
More compact size.
No interconnecting piping.
Easier maintenance.
Hydraulic
Cartridge
Valve
A cartridge valve consists of
a cartridge element and a
Cartridge Element
control cover.
The type of control cover
determines how the valve
operates.
Control Cover
Hydraulic
Valve Manifold
Block
Cartridge Valves
(Under Control
Covers)
Manifold
Block
The cartridges are installed in dimensioned cavities inside a
valve manifold block.
Fluid flows through internal passageways drilled in the block.
Hydraulic
Ok Mill Valve
Block
Control Cover
Control Cover
Tag No.
Cartridge
Element Tag
No.
Each item of the hydraulic system is tagged with a number
that corresponds to the hydraulic schematic and parts list.
Hydraulic
Cartridge
Valve Control
Cover
Bushing
X
Spring
B
Cartridge
Element
The valve opens and flow is from A to B, or B to A,
whenever the forces pushing up on the cartridge element
exceed the forces pushing down.
Hydraulic
Control passages
Hydraulic
Cartridge Check
Valve
Fluid pressure at A or B, X
acting on Area A or Area Spring
B, tends to push the B
element up to open the
valve.
A
Pressure at X, acting on
Area X, plus the force of Area A
the spring, tend to push
the element down to hold Area B
the valve closed.
Area X
Hydraulic
Cartridge Check
Valve
The pressure above the
cartridge element, and the
force of the spring, hold the
valve closed.
There is no flow from B to A.
However, with sufficient
pump pressure, the valve will
open and fluid will flow from
A to B.
Hydraulic
Cartridge Flow
Control Valve
By physically limiting the
movement of the cartridge
element with a stroke limiter, Stroke
the size of the opening A to B Limiter
(and therefore the flow rate),
can be controlled.
Hydraulic
Cartridge Pressure
Relief Valve
Pilot Valve
Pilot
Passageway Y
(Connected
to Line A) Drain to Tank
B
A
The adjustable pilot valve opens when the preset pressure in line
A is reached.
The pressure above the cartridge valve is drained to tank and the
valve opens.
Hydraulic
Cartridge Pressure
Relief Valve
Pilot
Passageway
(connected
to Line A) Pilot
Valve
Drain to Tank
B
A
The adjustable pilot valve opens when the preset pressure in line
A is reached.
The pressure above the cartridge valve is drained to tank and the
valve opens.
Hydraulic
Cartridge Pressure
Relief Valve
Solenoid
Operated
Direction
al Valve
Control
Cover
Cartridge
Element
Adjustable Pilot Valve
This pressure relief valve has an optional solenoid operated
directional valve which allows electrical unloading (opening).
Hydraulic
Pilot operated cartridge valve
Hydraulic
Check valve
Hydraulic
Cylinder Control with
Cartridge Valves
1 2 3 4
Valve 1 drains the cap end.
The directional valve
Valve 2 fills the cap end. controls the opening and
Valve 3 fills the rod end. closing of the cartridge
Valve 4 drains the rod end. valves.
Hydraulic
Extending
the Rod
Closed Open Closed Open
A B
Solenoid A
Energized
Hydraulic
Extending
the Rod
Open Closed Open Closed
A B
Solenoid B
Energized
Hydraulic
Cylinder Control
with
Cartridge Valves
Directional
Cartridge Valve
Valves
The pilot pressures above the cartridge valves are
controlled by the directional valve.
Hydraulic
