RCC Institute of Information Technology
Subject: B.Tech in Electrical Engineering Continuous
Assessment -1(CA1) Academic Session: 2023-24 (EVEN Sem)
Classifications of
Name:MD TOFIQUL ISLAM ANSARI
Discrete-Time Signals
University Roll Number:11701621018
and its Representation
Year & Semester: 3rdYear (6th Sem)
Paper Name:DIGITAL SIGNAL
PROCESSING
Paper Code:OE-EE 601A
CO Number :C01&C02
Module Number: 1
Bloom's Level of Taxonomy : Level 2
(Understanding)
CONTENTS
Classification of Discrete time
signal
Discussion of all signals
Representation
Conclusion
CLASSIFICATION OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL
1 Deterministic and Nondeterministic Signals
2 Periodic and aperiodic signals
3 Symmetric and antisymmetric signals
4 Causal and noncausal signals
Deterministic and Nondeterministic Signals
The signals that can be completely specified by mathematical
equations are called deterministic signals. The step, ramp,
exponential and sinusoidal signals are examples of deterministic
signals.
The signals whose characteristics are random in nature are called
nondeterministic signals. The noise signals from various sources
are best examples of nondeterministic signals.
Periodic and Aperiodic Signals
When a discrete time signal x(n), satisfies the
condition x(n + N) = x(n) for integer values of N, then
the discrete time signal x(n) is called periodic signal.
Here N is the number of samples of a period.
i.e., if, x(n + N) = x(n), for all n, then x(n) is periodic.
The smallest value of N for which the above equation
is true is called fundamental period. If there is no value
of N that satisfies the above equation, then x(n) is
called aperiodic or nonperiodic signal.
Symmetric (Even) and Antisymmetric (Odd) Signals
The discrete time signals may exhibit symmetry or antisymmetric with
respect to n = 0. When a discrete time signal exhibits symmetry with
respect to n = 0 then it is called an even signal.
Therefore, the even signal satisfies the condition, x(n)=x(-n)
When a discrete time signal exhibits antisymmetric with respect to n = 0,
then it is called an odd signal.
Therefore, the odd signal satisfies the condition,
x(-n) = -x(n)
Causal and non-causal signal
A discrete time signal is said to be causal, if x(n) = 0 for n < 0.
A discrete time signal is said to be non-causal, if it is defined for
either n ≤ 0, or for bothn≤0 and n>0.Therefore if x(n) is non-causal,
then x(n)≠0 for n<0.
Representation of Discrete Time Signals
1. Functional representation
In functional representation, the signal is represented as a mathematical
equation, as shown in the following example.
2. Graphical representation
In graphical representation, the signal is represented in a two-
dimensional plane. The independent variable is represented in the
horizontal axis and the value of the signal is represented in the
vertical axis as shown below
3.Sequence representation
In sequence representation, the discrete time signal is represented as a x(n) = {1,0,6,1,2,1,5}
one-dimensional array as shown in the following examples.
4. Tabular representation
In tabular representation, two rows of a table are used to represent a discrete time signal.
In the first row, the independent variable "n" is tabulated and in the second row the value
of the signal for each value of "n" are tabulated as shown in the following table I.
Conclusion
In the end we conclude that there are different types of Discrete Time signal, and we can
represent Discrete Time signal in 4 ways. We also learned in brief about them. These
representation and classification is important for Digital Signal Processing.
References
• https://edurev.in/t/122417/Causal--Non-Causal--Anti-Causal-Systems-Basic-Syst
• Digital Signal Processing, Ashok Ambarder
• Digital Signal Processing, S. Salivahanan, A. Vallavaris & C. Gnanpruja
