KEY
1. cafe’
2. 9/nine am/9/nine o’ clock
3. 5/five km/kilometres/kilometres
4. bar(-)code/ (a) barcode/barcode
5. website
6. 1.50
7. maughan
8. 01444732900
9. guiding/guide
10. taking/take photos/photographs
11. sharks
12. old fishing village
13. shopping
14. (water) fountain
15. student card
16. fifty/50 minutes/mins
17. museum
18. tourist office
19. rain(-)wear/rainwear
20. e(-)ticket/ e ticket
21. c
22. a
23. b
24. a
25. c
26. b
27. (senior)management/managers
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28. project request
29. meeting
30. conference call
31. 29,000 years
32. southern/south europe
33. water
34. minerals
35. white gold
36. china stone
37. cooling (down)
38. windows
39. volcanic ash
40. harbours
TRANSCRIPT
Section 1
A:
Good morning - Dave Smith speaking.
B:
Hi - could I speak to the organiser of the Preston Park Run?
A:
Yes, that’s me.
B:
Great - um - I was talking to some friends of mine about the run and they suggested I contact you to
get some more details.
A:
Sure - what would you like to know?
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B:
Well - they said it takes place every Saturday, is that right?
A:
Yes it does.
B:
OK - great!
A:
Do you know where the park is?
B:
Oh yes - I’ve been there before. But it’s quite big and I’m not sure where to go.
A:
Well there’s a circular track that goes right around the park. The run starts at the café, goes past the
tennis courts then twice around the lake and finishes back where it started.
B:
Ok and what time is the run?
A:
Well the actual run begins at 9 am but the runners start arriving at about 8:45.
B:
OK - so I need to get up early Saturday morning then. And how long is the run?
A:
Well it used to be three kilometres but most people wanted to do a bit more than that so we lengthened
it to five kilometres - we now go round the lake twice and that adds an extra two kilometres.
B:
Right - not sure I’ve run that far so I’d better start doing a bit of training.
A:
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That’s a good idea. But it’s not a race, it’s really just for fun and the best thing would be to take it easy
the first few times you do it and then see if you can gradually improve your time.
B:
Is the run times then? How do I know how well I;ve done?
A:
When you cross the finish line you’ll be given a bar code and you take this to one of the run volunteers,
who will scan it. Then you can get your time online when you go home.
B:
Oh - I see. You collect all the results.
A:
Exactly.
B:
I see - that’s great. So how do I register?
A:
Well there are several ways. I could take your details over the phone but it’s much easier if you do it
using the website.
B:
OK - good. Um, I think that;s probably all I need to know for now. Oh yes - does it cost anything to
register or do you collect money each week?
A:
Well it doesn’t cost anything to register but we do charge for the run. In fact we have just increased the
charge to £1.50. It used to be a pound but because we were making a bit of a loss we have had to
increase it by 50p.
B:
OK thanks. I think I have enough information on taking part in the run.
B:
Um - you mentioned volunteers. I have a friend who is interested in helping out. Can you give me
some details so I can pass them on to her?
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A:
Sure - well you need to ask your friend to contact Pete Maughan. He manages all the volunteers.
B:
OK - I didn’t quite catch his surname - was it Morn - M-O-R-N?
A:
No - just a bit more complicated - it’s M-A-U-G-H-A-N.
B:
Right - thanks. And you could give me his phone number?
A:
Yes - just a moment. It’s here somewhere - let me just find it. Ah I’ve two numbers for him. I think the
one that begins 0-1-2-7-3 is an old one so use this one: it’s 0-1-4-double 4-7-3-2-9-double zero.
B:
OK - got that. Can you tell me anything about the volunteering? Like what kind of activities it
involves?
A:
Sure - well we need volunteers for basic stuff like setting up the course. We have to do that before all
the runners arrive.
B:
OK - so that’s a really early start.
A:
Yes that’s right. But if your friend would prefer to arrive a bit later she can also help with guiding the
runners so they don’t go the wrong way.
B:
I see. I believe you do a report on some of the races.
A:
Yes that’s right. In fact we do a weekly report on each race and we always try to illustrate it.
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B:
OK - well my friend really likes taking photographs. She’s just bought a new camera.
A:
Actually that would be great. I don’t know whether Pete has anyone to take photographs this week.
B:
Oh, I’ll let her know.
A:
OK good. Could you ask your friend to phone Pete and let him know?
B:
Yes I will.
A:
OK thanks. Goodbye.
B:
Goodbye.
Section 2
Thank you for calling the phoneline for the Pacton-on-Sea bus tour. This is a recorded message
lasting approximately four minutes and it provides general information on the town bus tour.
Pacton-on-Sea is a beautiful west coast town and has attracted tourists for many years. One of the
best ways of getting to know the town is to take the bus tour, which provides a wonderful viewing
experience from one of our open-top buses.
The tour is a round-trip of the town and there are a total 4 stops where passengers can get on and off
the bus.
A lot of people start at the first stop which is at the train station as this is where many tourists arrive
in the town. The next stop after the station is the aquarium which is famous for its dolphin show and
which has recently expanded to include sharks.
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This is well worth a visit and is very reasonably priced. Leaving the aquarium, the bus tour goes along
the coast road and after a few kilometres comes to the Old Fishing Village where you can get off to
stroll along the waterfront.
There are some original buildings here but most of the area has been modernised and is now used as a
harbour for all kinds of sea craft including yachts and some amazing power boats. The tour then heads
off to the last stop and this is where most of the shops are.
So for those of you keen to do a bit of shopping this is the place for you. Our advice is to go to this part
of the town in the morning when it is relatively quiet.
It does get very busy in the afternoons, especially at the height of the season. This area of the town
includes an ancient water fountain where many people like to have their photograph taken - so do
look out for this.
Now some details of the costs and timings. A family ticket, which includes two adults and up to three
children, costs £30.
An adult ticket costs £15, children under the age of fifteen are £5 and student tickets are £10 as long as
you have a student card. All tickets are valid for 24 hours, which means that you can get on and off the
bus as many times as you like within a 24-hour period.
So you could, for example, start the tour in the afternoon and complete it the following morning. The
first bus of the day leaves the station at 10 am and the last one of the day leaves at 6 pm.
Buses leave every thirty minutes and each tour takes a total of fifty minutes. There are many
attractions at each of the stops, so wherever you get off the bus there will be plenty to do.
The bus tour tickets do not include entrance to any of these attractions apart from the museum which
is located near the aquarium. Some buses have local guides, who will point out places of interest and
will provide information on the town.
However, we cannot guarantee that every bus will have a guide and so we also have an audio
commentary that has been specially recorded for the bus tour by the tourist office.
Headphones are available on the bus and these are easy to operate. There is no extra charge for these -
just plug in, select the required language and adjust the volume.
Due to winter months being rather cold and wet in Paction-on-Sea, the bus tours only operate from
March to September. The weather is usually warm and sunny during these months so remember to
bring some sun protection, especially on hot days.
And of course, it does occasionally rain here in the summer so if the weather looks bad, remember to
bring some rainwear. The bus tours are available no matter what the weather.
At the height of the summer the tours can get very busy so you are advised to book. You can book
tickets online, over the phone and also at the station and at any of the other tour stops.
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When booking over the phone you can collect your tickets at any of the stops at the start of your tour.
When you do it online you can print your e-ticket which you must remember to bring with you.
Thank you for calling the Pacton-on-Sea phoneline and we look forward to seeing you soon on one of
our tour buses.
Section 3:
Randhir:
Hello - I'm Randhir Ghotra from the technologies department.
Dave:
Ah yes. Good. I'm Dave Hadley. Thanks for coming to see me.
Randhir:
That's OK. I believe you want us to do some work for you?
Dave:
Yes that's right. Um, I'm responsible for student admissions to the college and I use a computer
system to help process student enrolments and to do the timetabling.
Dave:
But it really doesn't suit the way we work these days. It's over ten years old and although it was fine
when it was first introduced, it is just not good enough now.
Randhir:
OK - what problems are you experiencing?
Randhir:
. That's good.
Dave:
Well, 20 years ago, the college was quite small and we didn't have the numbers of students or tutors
that we have now.
Randhir:
So the system can't handle the increasing volumes ...
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Dave:
Well, there's a lot more data now and it sometimes seems the system has crashed but, in fact, it just
takes ages to go from one screen to the next.
Randhir:
Right. Is that the only problem?
Dave:
Well that's the main one, but there are others. In the past, doing the timetabling was quite simple but
now we have a lot more courses and what's made it complicated is that many of them have options.
Randhir:
Right - but the system should allow you to include those.
Dave:
Well no, it doesn't. It was supposed to - and a few years ago we did ask someone from the technologies
department to fix it, but they never seemed to have the time.
Randhir:
Hmm ... are there any other issues with the system?
Dave:
Well – I've been given extra responsibilities and so have even less time to do the timetabling. If there
was anything you could do, Randhir, to make the process more efficient, that would be really helpful.
Randhir:
Well it sounds like you could do with an assistant but that's obviously not possible, so what about
having an online system that students can use to do their scheduling?
Dave:
How would that work?
Randhir:
Well – it may mean less choice for students but we could create a fixed schedule of all the courses and
options and they could then view what was available ...
Dave:
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... and work it out for themselves - that sounds great.
Randhir:
OK, so ... um... we'll need to decide whether or not to improve the existing system or to build a
completely new system.
Dave:
Well I'd much prefer to have a new system. Quite frankly, I've had enough of the old one.
Randhir:
OK - that'll probably take longer although it may save you money in the long run. When were you
hoping to have this in place?
Dave:
Well it's January now and the new intake of students will be in September. We need to start processing
admiss in the next few weeks really.
Randhir:
Welt will take more than a few weeks, I'm afraid. As an initial estimate I think we'll be looking at April
or May to improve the existing system but for a new system it would take at least nine months. That
would be October at the earliest.
Dave:
What are the next steps if we are to have a new system?
Randhir:
Well, the first question is - do you have support from your senior management?
Dave:
Yes, I've already discussed it with them and they're also keen to get this work done.
Randhir:
OK, because I was going to say, that's the first thing you need to do and without that we can't go
ahead.
Dave:
Yes, I've done that.
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Dave:
Actually, they mentioned that there's probably a form I need to complete to formally start the project.
Randhir:
Yes - that's the next thing you need to do. I'll send you an email with a link so you can fill it in online.
It's called a “project request form”.
Dave:
OK great. And then what happens?
Randhir:
Well, I have a list of things but I think the third thing you should do is see Samir. He's our analyst who
will look at the system and identify what needs to be done.
Dave:
OK - can you send me his contact details and I'll set up a meeting with him.
Randhir:
OK that's good, so we should soon be able to get a team together to start the work. Some members of
our team work in different locations so it's not easy to have face-to-lace meetings.
Dave:
That's OK - I'm used to having conference calls providing they are not late at night.
Randhir:
Righi - so I'll send you details of the team and if you could set up a call that would be great.
Dave:
OK, I'll do that.
Randhir:
Thanks
Section 4:
Hi everyone - today I’m going to be talking about the origins of ceramics. So, first of all. Let’s start off
with - what is a ceramic? Well, generally speaking. Ceramics are what you get when you apply heat to
certain inorganic, non-metallic solids and then allow them to cool.
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And examples of ceramics are everyday things like earthenware pots, crockery, glassware, and even
concrete.
So how did it all begin? Well it all started around 29.000 years ago when humans discovered that if you
dig up some soft clay from the ground, mould it into a shape and then heat it up to a very high
temperature, when it cools the clay has been transformed into something hard and rigid.
And so - what did those first humans do with their discovery? Well - they created figurines which
were small statues and which depicted animals or gods or any shape that the day could be moulded
into
And all this activity was centred around southern Europe where there is also evidence of ceramics that
were created much later.
The early humans also found a practical use for their discovery, such as storing things like grain -
although there were drawbacks. The pots were porous so that, although they could carry water in
them, it wasn't possible to store it over a long period. And also, they were quite brittle and shattered
very easily if they were dropped.
But despite these problems, it was many thousands of years before there were any improvements. In
China at around 200 BC they discovered that by adding minerals to the clay they could improve both
the appearance and the strength of the ceramics.
But it took nearly a thousand years before they perfected the process to produce high-quality ceramics
known as porcelain. And once they had perfected the process they kept it a secret - for another
thousand years!
Compared to the first ceramics, porcelain was lighter. finer, harder and whiter and became an
important commodity in China's trading with the rest of the world for hundreds of years.
In fact, it became so valuable that it was known as white gold and spies were sent to China to discover
what they did to the clay to produce such high-quality merchandise. It wasn't until the eighteenth
century that the secret began to unravel.
A German alchemist called Johann Friedrich Bottger was asked by the king to make gold out of lead.
Unfortunately, Bottger failed to achieve this and soon gave up, but in order to please the king he
attempted to make high-quality porcelain.
And after many years of experimentation, he discovered that by adding quartz and a material called
china stone to very high-quality clay he managed to get the same results that the Chinese had been
achieving for the last 1,000 years.
We now look at another ceramic which is made from mixing sand with minerals and heating to over
600 degrees Celsius. When this mixture cools the result is of course glass.
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The main difference between ceramics made from clay and glass is that clay is made up of crystalline
plates which become locked together in the cooling process whereas glass cools too quickly for
crystals to form.
Apart from that, the process of heating up naturally occuring materials to transform them is the same.
The origins of glass date back to 3500 BC but it wasn't until the Roman Empire, 2,000 years ago, that
the art of glass-blowing and the practical uses of glass became more widespread.
One of the more innovative uses was to use it in windows as, up until then, they had just been holes in
walls. It must have been very draughty in those days!
The Romans were also responsible for inventing concrete. And although the origins are uncertain,
experts think that this is largely due to the high level of volcanic activity in the area.
The Romans observed that, when volcanic ash mixes with water and then cools, it gets extremely hard
and almost impossible to break up. The chemical reaction that follows is very complex and continues
for many years, and the concrete just keeps getting harder.
Evidence of this is the numerous Roman remains that are still standing, many of which are almost
completely intact.
One of the most important facts about concrete for the Romans was that it can be created underwater.
As the Roman Empire grew, the Romans needed to take control of the seas and for this they needed to
build harbours capable of holding a fleet of ships.
Pouring concrete mixture into the sea immediately started the hardening process and rather than just
dissolving in the mass of water, the substance was tough and long-lasting. This strange characteristic
of concrete made a significant contribution to the success of the Roman Empire.
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