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Digital System Design

Course Code: CSE-510208
Some Important Questions
Introductory Concepts
1. What is analog and digital system? Write down the advantages of digital techniques.
2. Consciously describe the major difference between analog and digital quantities.
3. Describe main functional units of a digital computer.
4. Describe the relative advantages of parallel and serial transmission of digital data.
5. What steps should be followed in digital techniques while dealing with analog world?
Discuss with an example.
Number Systems and Codes
1. Define the following terms with example:
ASCII code, BCD code, Excess-3 code, Gray code
2. What is binary number system?
3. What is binary code? Why is it necessary?
4. Distinguish between:
i. Binary and Decimal number system
ii. Octal and Hexadecimal number system
iii. BCD and Gray code
iv. Binary and BCD
5. How any binary number can be converted into its equivalent decimal number and vice-
versa?
6. Discuss repeated division method for converting decimal number to binary number
systems of integer with a flow chart.
7. Convert decimal 378 to a 16-bit binary number by first converting to hexadecimal
number system.
8. Convert 17710 to its 8-bit binary equivalent by first converting to octal.
9. How many bytes are needed to represent 23510 in binary?
10.What is parity? Why parity bit is significant for transmission of digital signals?
11.Why the parity bit method can’t detect a double error in transmitted data?
12.Convert the following numbers into given base numbers:
i. (110101)2 = (?)10
ii. (427.24)8 = (?)2
iii. (129A.B8C)16 = (?)2
iv. (225.225)10 = (?)2
v. (11010111.110)2 = (?)16
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vi. (BCD)16 = (?)8

vii. (1001001.011)2 = (?)10
viii.(623.77)8 = (?)10
ix. (2AC5.D)16 = (?)8
x. (562.65)10 = (?)2 = (?)8

Logic gates and Boolean algebra

1. Define universal gate. Prove the universality of NAND gate and NOR gate.
Or, Why NAND gate is called universal logic gate prove the universality of NAND.
Or, Discuss the universal property of NAND and NOR gates.
2. State and prove the involution law.
3. Define truth table. State and prove De-Morgan’s theorem.
4. State and prove the De-Morgan’s theorem with the help of truth table for three variable.
5. Show how a two input NAND gate can be constructed from two input NOR gate.
6. Design a logic circuit that output is high only when a majority of inputs A, B and C
are low.
7. Design a logic circuit with inputs P, Q, R so that output S is HIGH whenever P is
ZERO OR whenever Q = R = 1.
8. Using Boolean expression show that 𝐹. 𝐹̅ = 0 𝑖𝑓 𝐹 = 𝑋̅𝑌 + 𝑋𝑌𝑍̅
9. Implement the logic circuit that has the expression 𝑋 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(𝐶 + 𝐷) using only NOR
and NAND gates.
10.Simplify the following Boolean expression and implement it with basic logic gates:
𝑌 = 𝑃̅𝑅(𝑃 ̅̅̅̅̅̅
̅ 𝑄𝑆) + 𝑃̅𝑄𝑅̅𝑆̅ + 𝑃𝑄̅𝑅
11.Implement a logic circuit having output expression: 𝑍 = (𝐴 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
+ 𝐵 + 𝐶̅ )𝐵̅𝐶
12.Simplify the expression: 𝑍 = 𝐴̅𝐶 (𝐴 ̅̅̅̅̅̅
̅𝐵𝐷) + 𝐴̅𝐵̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 + 𝐴𝐵̅𝐶
13.Prove that: (𝐴 + 𝐵)(𝐴̅ + 𝐶)(𝐵 + 𝐶) = (𝐴 + 𝐵)(𝐴̅ + 𝐶)

Combinational Logic Circuit

1. Define X-OR gate and X-NOR gate. Describe with logic diagram and truth table.
2. What is K-map? Explain with example.
3. Define: Maxterm, Minterm. State don’t care condition.
4. Minimize the following function using K-map:
i. 𝑌 = 𝐴̅𝐵̅𝐶̅ + 𝐵̅𝐶 + 𝐴̅𝐵
ii. 𝑓(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷) = 𝐴𝐵𝐶̅ 𝐷 + 𝐴̅𝐵𝐶𝐷 + 𝐴̅𝐵̅𝐶 + 𝐴̅𝐵̅𝐷 + 𝐴𝐶̅ + 𝐴𝐵̅𝐶 + 𝐵̅
5. Simplify the following expression using K-map:
i. 𝑓(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷) = ∑ 𝑚(0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14)
ii. 𝑓(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷) = ∑ 𝑚(1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 15) + 𝑑(10,13)
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iii. 𝑓(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷) = ∑ 𝑚(4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12) + 𝑑(1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 14)

Flip-Flops and Related Devices

1. What do you mean by sequential circuit explain with necessary diagram.
2. What is flip-flop? Write down the applications of flip-flop.
3. What is shift register? Explain 4-bit shift register with wave form.
4. Draw and explain serial data transfer from register to register.
Or, Draw and explain the logic operation of a 3-bit serial in, serial out shift register
with timing diagram.
5. Define latch. Explain the logic operation of the basic S-R latch.
6. Draw S-R flip-flop using NAND gate and explain its operation.
7. Define NOR gate latch. Explain with proper diagram of a clocked S-R/S-C flip-flop.
8. How S-R flip-flop can be converted into J-K flip-flop? Discuss with diagram.
9. Draw the internal circuit diagram of a JK flip-flop and explain its operation.
10.How can JK flip-flop be modified to operate as a D flip-flop?
Complex Sequential Logic
1. What are the differences between combinational and sequential logic circuit?
2. Write short notes about counter and register counter?
3. Write down the difference between synchronous and asynchronous counter.
4. Write down the advantages of a synchronous counter over an asynchronous counter.
5. List the six steps in the procedure of designing asynchronous counter.
6. Write down the difference between counter sequence of and up counter and down
counter.
7. Explain a 4-bit asynchronous counter with figure.
8. What is ripple counter? Explain a 4-bit ripple counter.
9. Define setup time, hold time, propagation delay and MOD-10 number.
10.What do you mean by propagation delay of a ripple counter?
11.Draw the logic diagram of a 4-bit ring counter and explain its operation.
12.Write down the operation of a 4-bit Johnson counter with necessary diagram.
13.Design and discuss the MOD-6 counter.
14.Show how to write the 74LS293 as a MOD-14 counter.
15.Design a synchronous MOD-10 counter and show its timing diagram.
16.Draw and explain the logic operation of a 3-bit SIPO shift register with timing
diagram.

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MSI Logic Circuit

1. Define: (i) Decoder; (ii) Encoder; (iii) Priority encoder
2. Mention some applications of decoder.
3. Explain 2 to 4 line decoder.
4. Explain 3 to 8 decoder with truth table and circuit diagram.
5. Realize a 4x16 decoder by using two 3x8 decoders.
6. Explain a BCD decode (BCD to decimal decoder) with table and circuit diagram.
7. Write the advantages of priority encoder.
8. Design a decimal to BCD priority encoder.
9. Explain an octal to binary encoder with truth table and circuit diagram.
10.What is LCD? Explain BCD to 7-segment decoder.
11.Explain the operations of a CMOS inverter.
Multiplexer and De-Multiplexer
1. Define MUX and DMUX.
Or, What is multiplexer and de-multiplexer?
2. Difference between multiplexer and de-multiplexer.
3. What are the applications of multiplexer and de-multiplexer?
4. Draw a logic circuit of a basic two input multiplexer.
5. Explain how a de-multiplexer can be used as a decoder?
6. Why MUX is called data selector? And explain it.
7. Design and explain four input multiplexer.
8. Discuss the logic operation of an 8 input multiplexer.
Or, Design 8:1 multiplexer with truth table.
Or, Sketch the logic diagram with truth table of 1 to 8 line de-multiplexer.
9. State the purpose of analog to digital conversion.
10.Describe the basic operation of the digital ramp ADC.
11.What are the major advantages of SAC (successive approximation ADC) over a digital
ramp ADC?
12.Explain the operation of successive approximation ADC with required diagram. What
are the main advantages of this type of ADC?
13.Explain the operation of a 4-bit R-2R ladder DAC.
14.What is the largest value of output voltage from an 8-bit DAC that produces 1-0 V for
a digital input of 00101000?

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Memory Devices
1. Define memory. Discuss the basic organization of a memory unit of 3x4 bits.
2. What is semiconductor memory? Discuss the classification of semiconductor memory.
3. Describe static and dynamic RAM.
4. Explain the differences between SRAM and DRAM.
5. Describe a basic PROM storage cell.
6. Differentiate between EPROM and DRAM.
7. Differentiate between EPROM and EEPROM.
8. Write down the applications of RAM and ROM.
9. Outline the steps that take place when the CPU reads from memory.
10.Describe the basic DRAM cell with read, write and refresh operation.
11.How many 32Kx8 RAM chips are needed to provide a memory capacity of 256k
bytes?
Arithmetic Circuits
1. Design and construct full adder circuit. Explain its operation with truth table.
2. Discuss half adder circuit with diagram.
3. How two half adder circuit can be used as a full adder?
Or, Construct a full adder circuit by using half adder circuit.
4. Draw and explain a complete 4-bit parallel adder with register.
5. What is 2’s complement? Explain significance of 2’s complement.
6. Explain the method of substruction using 2’s complement method with example.
7. Using 2’s complement system subtract 5 from 9.
8. Add and multiply be numbers 11110 and 1111.
9. What should be done in BCD addition when the sum is greater than 9? Explain with
example.

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