Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017.
By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 6
1. C++ Operators:
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific
mathematical or logical manipulations. There are four general classes of
operators in C++: arithmetic, relational and logical, and bitwise. In
addition, there are some special operators for particular tasks.
1.1 Arithmetic Operators:
The table lists C++ arithmetic operators.
The operators +, –, *, and / all work the same way in C++ as they do in
most other computer languages. They can be applied to almost any built-in
data type allowed by C++. When / is applied to an integer or character, any
remainder is truncated; for example, 10 / 3 equals 3 in integer division. The
modulus division operator (%) also works in C++ the way it does in other
languages. Remember that the modulus division operation yields the
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 6
remainder of an integer division. However, as such, % cannot be used on type
float or double. The reason the last line prints a 0 and 1 is because 1 / 2 in
integer division is 0 with a remainder of 1. 1 % 2 yields the remainder 1. The
unary minus, in effect, multiplies its single operand by –1. That is, any
number preceded by a minus sign switches its sign.
Example (1):
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
main( )
{
int x,y;
cout<< "Enter Two Integers:";
cin>>x>>y;
cout<<"The Intergers are:" <<x<<"and"<<y<<endl;
cout<<"The sum is " <<(x+y)<<endl;
cout<<"The difference is " <<(x-y)<<endl;
cout<<"The product is " <<(x*y)<<endl;
cout<<"The division is " <<(x/y)<<endl;
cout<<"The modulus is " <<(x%y)<<endl;
cout<<"The equation is " <<((x+y)/3)<<endl;
getch( );
}
Example (2):
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 6
main( )
{
int x;
float a, v, y=3.14;
cout<< "Enter the redial of ball: ";
cin>>x;
a=(x*x)*y;
v=4/3*y*(x*x*x);
cout<<"The area of ball is: " <<a<<endl;
cout<<"The volume of ball is: " <<v<<endl;
getch( );
}
Increment and Decrement Operator:
C++ allows two very useful operators not generally found in other
computer languages. These are the Increment (++) and Decrement (– –)
operators. The operation ++ adds 1 to its operand, and – – subtracts
1.Therefore, the following are equivalent operations:
x = x + 1; is the same as ++x; Or x++;
Also,
x = x - 1; is the same as --x; Or x--;
However, there is a difference when they are used in an expression. When
an increment or decrement operator precedes its operand, C++ performs the
increment or decrement operation prior to obtaining the operand’s value.
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 6
Example (3):
Write a program in C|++ language to test the operation of arithmetic
operators with printing the result appearing on the screen of computer.
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
//test arithmetic operators:
main()
{
int a=13, b=5;
cout<<a<<"+"<<b<<"="<<(a+b)<<endl;
cout<<"-b="<<(-b)<<endl;
cout<<a<<"*"<<b<<"="<<(a*b)<<endl;
cout<<a<<"/"<<b<<"="<<(a/b)<<endl;
cout<<a<<"%"<<b<<"="<<(a%b)<<endl;
cout<<"a++="<<a++<<endl;
cout<<"a++="<<a++<<endl;
cout<<"++a="<<++a<<endl;
cout<<"--a="<<--a<<endl;
cout<<"a--="<<a--<<endl;
cout<<"a="<<a<<endl;
getch();
}
The result appearing on the screen of computer is:
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 6
13+5=18
-b=-5
13*5=65
13/5=2
13%5=3
a++=13
a++=14
++a=16
--a=15
a--=15
a=14
Example (4):
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int m, n;
cout<<”Enter Two Integers:”;
cin>>m>>n;
cout<<”m=”<<m<<”,n=”<<n<<endl;
++m;
--n;
cout<<”m=”<<m<<”,n=”<<n<<endl;
++m;
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 6
--n;
cout<<”m=”<<m<<”,n=”<<n<<endl;
getch( );
}
Question: What is the difference between ++a and a++.
Question: find the result of the following if int n=7, m=24;
1. 37/(5%3)
2. m-8-n
3. m%n++
4. ++m-n
5. m*=n++
6. m+=--n
1.2 Relational Operators:
In the term relational operator the word relational refers to the
relationships values can have with one another. The key to the concepts of
relational operators is the idea of true and false. In C++, true is any value
other than 0. False is 0. Expressions that use relational operators will return 0
for false and 1 for true.
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 6
Example (5):
Write a program in C++ language to test the operation of Relational
Operators with printing the result appearing on the screen of computer.
Ans:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
// Program to test Relational Operators
main()
{
int A=57, B=57;
char C='9';
cout<<(int(C))<<endl;
cout<<"(A<57)="<<(A<57)<<endl;
cout<<"(A<90)="<<(A<90)<<endl;
cout<<"(A<30)="<<(A<30)<<endl;
cout<<"(A<=57)="<<(A<=57)<<endl;
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Department of Electrical Engineering. First Year / 2016-2017. By: Salwa Adel Al-agha
Lecture 6
cout<<"(A>B)="<<(A>B)<<endl;
cout<<"(A>=B)="<<(A>=B)<<endl;
cout<<"(A==B)="<<(A==B)<<endl;
cout<<"(A!=B)="<<(A!=B)<<endl;
cout<<"(A==C)="<<(A==C)<<endl;
getch();
}
57
(A<57)=0
(A<90)=1
(A<30)=0
(A<=57)=1
(A>B)=0
(A>=B)=1
(A==B)=1
(A!=B)=0
(A==C)=1
Question: what is the result of following if: a=3, b=3
1. a<3 ii- a<=3 iii- a>b
2. a>=b v- a==b vi- a!=b
Question: What is the difference between: a==b and a=b
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