A web based application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining.

ABSTRACT

Many students face this same problem as a student and i also face same issue, for
next education also fill the form for admission in CAP round process. I don’t have a
much knowledge regarding the CAP Round and collage Cut-off. Which collage is
suitable for me or in which collage i can take admission. In last year I’m passed with
good marks but i don’t have any idea of collage previous cut-off list. The list of
previous cut-off is also not found easily on internet also.
I fill the form for admission and put the random collages. At that time of first round
list is declared but in that list my requirements are not fulfil. As my requirement I don’t
get the perfect collage. So again I apply for second round and fill the form. But in
second round also allocate me same collage so I decide to take admission in this
collage because at that time I’m not decided then my seat is allocated to other student,
from my batch many students face this same issue. If this time seat is still from my side
but other student is waiting to take admission and I have this a last chance to take
admission for my higher education admission. Many students not satisfied in their first-
round list and second round list so they apply for third round is a last round but in last
rounds many seats are already allocated to other students for admission and third round
no more seats are available for the student admission, it causes the he/she lost their one
year or take the admission from management quota, the management quota fees is very
high and many student not afford this fees so student decided to take one year gap, the
gap means the loss of one year of education.
Nevertheless, most previous works face educational data analysis from a
perspective, aiming to forecast future academic outcomes and to obtain a better
understanding of the factors that play a part in academic success.

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A web based application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining.

CHAPTER NO: 1
PREAMBLE

1.1 INRODUCTION

In Recent Time, all higher education institutions, especially diploma pass out
student’s, face challenges in the admission process. Each university should strive for an
admissions system based on valid and reliable admissions criteria that select student
likely to succeed in its cut-off criteria. In addition, each student should use the best
possible techniques for predicting college previous cut-off criteria for admitting them.
Each student faces some issues because in admission system, limited seats are available
that’s why student's get confuse because in India each college have a different caste
category criteria. In category wise limited seats allocated for each college, then student
gets confused and put randomly option according their aggregate without seeing
criteria. At that time of first round list is declared but in that list my requirement is not
fulfilled, as my requirement I don’t get perfect colleges but I can apply second then
unfortunately lost all this college options because some college seats are full and
student also which college is applicable above their aggregate directly admission.
Second way of admission is management through but in that also college requirement
is very high for fees, every student is not affording these fees and student take one year
gap and student loss their one year. On a survey basis there are 80% to 90% student did
not find perfect college and lost their admission due to they did not able to reserve the
seat because of make mistakes in college selection. This type of condition makes
additional threats to the student career.
To avoid this type of condition, student required some helping platform which gives
them correct knowledge or information about college. In this context, this study
focuses on supporting Students in making admissions decisions through the application
of data mining techniques to better predict College before designation.
Second, through a correlation coefficient analysis, we determine the relation between
college cut-off criteria and student’s aggregate of diploma. We also identify admission

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A web based application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining.

criterion that most accurately predicts college cut-off performance so that decision
makers can assign more weight to this particular criterion. Third, based on the results
provided by this study, the university for higher education admission each institute
has different criteria department as well as category wise where this study was
conducted decided to change the weighting of its student decision of admission criteria.
This study proved the efficiency of such a decision by comparing the pass year cut-off
criteria of colleges. This would support institute decision makers as they set efficient
admissions principles. This is because they use only formal statistical methods rather
than new and efficient predictive techniques such as Educational Data Mining (EDM),
which is the most popular technique to evaluate and predict college cut-off
performance. EDM is the process of extracting useful details and models from a huge
educational database, which can then be used to predict students’ performance.

1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Several data higher learning institutions, student percentage is the factor most
important to a university’s quality. EDM is currently the technique most commonly
used by researchers to evaluate and predict student performance due to its significance
in decision making.
Predicting college cut-off to student aggregate to has two main factors: attributes
and prediction methods. It has been shown in that student aggregate is the most
frequently used attribute in predicting student performance at university. It has been
used in many examinations. Other attributes commonly used by exploration to predict
college cut-off by student percentage at university are: category wise and branch wise.
Few researches have used other attributes like extra student demography, and college
information.

However, input variables such as college information are used to predict colleges cut-
off to student aggregate of diploma for university in the college prediction process for
student higher education admission. This is the focus of this study. Several data mining
classification techniques have been applied for college prediction for student

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admission. For example, The institute allocated seat for minimum 20 and student apply
their seat is

500 extra, so student don’t know which college applicable above their marks and
student have only three round for college if student select college, but their mark
student not any seat allot then student applicable for management quota if student
financial is poor then

student not admit for college so it gates year drop means student loss their one year
because of their mistake to fill form wrong, if student fill right college above their
category wise criteria follow and previous cut-off then student don’t have any loss so
we study this process. The analysis of the literature reveals that most available studies
do not explore the relationship between college cut-off scores and their expected
college in the admissions process. Thus, this study fills a research gap.

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

With the advance in technology and with the endless increase in the strength of the
students and the number of engineering institute in the educational universities, it is
worst to select the collage for CAP round process. It is not easy for students to find the
collage wise cut-off because the college list cut-off is category and department wise
different cut- off list and student not easily find out this list even on internet also.

The main objective of the Web based application for higher education is to help the
students to select the perfect college, the student aggregate performance wise the
application analyze their aggregate performance and then get the college list below on
their caste category and department wise cut-off, if student this college enroll on their
cap round process then student get perfect result means application 99% accurate result
student performance wise college list and those collages which is fulfill the student
requirements. It provides an automated system which shows the list of collages which
is suitable for student from student last year aggregate and caste category. The
implementation of this project helps both the students and the collages.

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A web based application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining.

For direct second year admission limited seats are available and lots of student to take
admission for direct second year, so collages also want to fill the seats as soon as
possible. The collage can register their collage and if the collage is centralized then
admin can approve this collage otherwise college is decentralized then admin
disapproved this
college. If collage is approved by admin, it is able to login and able to add department
wise cut-off and caste category wise cut-off because department and category wise seat
are allocated and different cut-off list and admin disapproved the college then college

can’t login because it gives error. In student module student firstly register herself then
student login by their email id and password then student shows their performance wise
exactly college list, the student is self-approved.
On the basis of this aggregate system can give the perfect prediction of collage at the
student side. It is made very easy to give the options of collages for CAP round process
to student because the system gives the 99.99% perfect prediction analysis of collage
using the student aggregate and caste category.
The goal behind the prediction of college on their performance is generally
explanatory, i.e., to obtain a better understanding that guides educational actions that
would hopefully result in enhanced outcome.

1.4 PRAPOSED SYSTEM

Many students face this same problem as a student and i also face same issue, for
next education also fill the form for admission in CAP round process. I don’t have a
much knowledge regarding the CAP Round and collage Cut-off. Which collage is
suitable for me or in which collage i can take admission. In last year I’m passed with
good marks but i don’t have any idea of collage previous cut-off list. The list of
previous cut-off is also not found easily on internet also.

I fill the form for admission and put the random collages. At that time of first round
list is declared but in that list my requirements are not fulfil. As my requirement I don’t
get the perfect collage. So again I apply for second round and fill the form. But in
second round also allocate me same collage so I decide to take admission in this

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A web based application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining.

collage because at that time I’m not decided then my seat is allocated to other student,
from my batch many students face this same issue. If this time seat is still from my side
but other student is waiting to take admission and I have this a last chance to take
admission for my higher education admission.
Many students not satisfied in their first-round list and second round list so they
apply for third round is a last round but in last rounds many seats are already allocated
to other students for admission and third round no more seats are available for the
student admission, it causes the he/she lost their one year or take the admission from
management.
The operational feasibility of the project will be evaluated based on the ability of the system
to meet the requirements of the end users. The system should be user-friendly, reliable, and
provide accurate data in real-time. The system should also be scalable to accommodate future
expansion and modifications.

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CHAPTER 02
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

2.1 METHODOLOGY
The SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) spiral model is a popular approach to
software development that involves iterative cycles of planning, design, development,
and testing. In the context of an Intelligent Traffic Management System using Image
processing project, the SDLC spiral model can be adapted as follows:

Figure2.1.1 - Spiral Model

1. Planning: The first phase involves identifying the project goals and
objectives, as well as defining the scope of the project. This may include
identifying the types of cameras and sensors to be used, the number of

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A web based application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining.

intersections to be monitored, and the types of traffic incidents to be detected.

2. Risk Analysis: This phase involves identifying potential risks and issues that
may arise during the project, such as technical limitations or unforeseen
obstacles.

3. Design: In this phase, the project team designs the system architecture and
creates detailed specifications for the software development. This may include
defining the algorithms and techniques to be used for image processing and
traffic analysis.
4. Development: The actual software development takes place in this phase,
with the project team building and testing the software according to the
specifications created in the design phase.
5. Testing: This phase involves testing the software to ensure that it meets the
requirements and specifications of the project. This may include testing for
accuracy and reliability of image processing algorithms and traffic
management functionalities.
6. Deployment: In this phase, the software is released and installed in the
intended environment, which in this case would be at the traffic intersections
being monitored.
7. Maintenance: The final phase of the SDLC spiral model involves on-gssoing
maintenance and support of the system. This may include troubleshooting and
bug fixes, updates and enhancements to the system, and on-going monitoring
and maintenance of the hardware and software components.

Overall, the SDLC spiral model can provide a framework for the development of an
Intelligent Traffic Management System using Image processing project, allowing for
an iterative and adaptable approach to the development and maintenance of the
software.

quota, the management quota fees is very high and many student not afford this fees so
student decided to take one year gap, the gap means the loss of one year of education.

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A web based application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining.

Nevertheless, most previous works face educational data analysis from a perspective,
aiming to forecast future academic outcomes and to obtain a better understanding of the
factors that play a part in academic success.

1.5 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Nowadays with the advent in technology and with the perpetual increase in the strength of the
students and the number of engineering institute in the educational universities, it is laborious
to select the collage for Admission process. This process is very difficult for student. It is not
easy for students to find the collage wise cut-off list even on internet also. Student enters the
random collages which student likes but they did not think about the collage previous cut-off or
it is applicable for him/her. The objective of this feasibility study is to evaluate the feasibility
of developing an Intelligent Traffic Management System using Image processing. The study
will focus on the technical, economic, and operational feasibility of the project.

Technical Feasibility:

The technical feasibility of the project will be evaluated based on the availability of the
technology required for the development of the system. The system requires cameras,
sensors, image processing software, and network infrastructure to transmit the data. The
technology required for the development of the system is readily available in the market.
Economic Feasibility:
The economic feasibility of the project will be evaluated based on the cost of development,
maintenance, and operation of the system. The cost of developing the system will depend on
the complexity of the system and the technology used. The cost of maintenance and
operation of the system will depend on the number of cameras and sensors used, the network
infrastructure, and the manpower required. The cost of the system can be offset by the
benefits it provides such as reduced traffic congestion, improved safety, and reduced travel
time.
Operational Feasibility:

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CHAPTER 03

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

3.1REQUIREMENTS OF SYSTEM

3.1.1HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

 Processor: Intel Core I3 2nd Generation 2.3 GHz

 RAM: 4 GB RAM
 Hard disk: 250 GB
 Monitor: VGA/SVGA
 Keyboard: 104 Keys
 Mouse: 2 Buttons / 3 Buttons
 CD ROM/DVD: Required
 Work Station: Standard
3.1.2HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
 Operating System: Windows 7 and Windows 10 Or Linux
 Front end: HTML5, CSS3, jQuery, JavaScript, Bootstrap, PHP5, Ajax.
 Back end: MySQL
 Web Server: Apache Web Server

 DATABASE REQUIREMNT

Requirement analysis gives a minimum requirement that a system should have to make the
software to work properly. This application can work on any website. Usually the
requirement specification will be the same as that of the operating system.
System will be using result, login id, and password, lectures and etc. databases with every
details.

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FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
A Functional prerequisite is described as one portion or an element of a product, in
the entire methodology of programming building. A capacity or part is also depicted as
the lead of a section and its yields, given a great deal of data sources. A useful
prerequisite may be the figuring identified with specialized and subtleties or data
control and getting ready or whatever other express usefulness that describes the target
of a particular structure uses the useful necessities are found being utilized cases.

a. College is centralized or decentralized.

b. Add cut-off list.

c. Find the exactly match candidate list from student aggregate.

3.4 EXTERNAL INTERFARANCE REQUREMENT

 Keyword based search algorithm based on search engines prominently use inverted
indexing technique to locate the Web pages having the keyword contained in the user’s
query. The performance of inverted index, fundamentally, depends upon the searching
of keyword in the list maintained by search engines.
 Front End: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery, Bootstrap
 Back End: MySQL.

 Platform - windows 10/ Linux/Ubuntu

 Language - PHP version 7.1, Laravel framework
 Database - My Sql version 7.1
 IDE/Tool - sublime text 3/ Dreamweaver CS6

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CHAPTER 04

SYSTEM MODELING

4.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Data flow diagram (DFD) shows logical flow of system. Data flow diagrams are more
disciplined and structured. Data flow diagrams are quite readable independent of complexity of
system. The DFDs of the project as shown below:

Fig 4.1.1 DFD Level 0

Level 1 – Data Flow Diagram

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Fig 4.1.2 DFD Level 1

4.2 UML DIAGRAMS

A diagram is a graphical representation of a collection of elements, typically

represented as a connected network of vertices and arcs. A diagram is a projection
onto a system that you draw to visualize a system from numerous perspectives. A
diagram is an elided picture of the elements that make up a system for all but the most
trivial systems. The same element may occur in all diagrams, a subset of diagrams, or
none at all. A diagram can theoretically contain any combination of things and
relationships. However, in practice, a small number of common combinations emerge
that are consistent with the five most relevant viewpoints that compose the architecture
of a software intensive system. As a result, the UML includes nine such diagrams:

4.2.1CLASS DIAGRAM
A Class is a category or group of things that has similar attributes and common behaviour. A
Rectangle is the icon that represents the class it is divided into three areas. The upper most area
contains the name, the middle; area contains the attributes and the lowest areas show the
operations. Class diagrams provides the representation that developers work from. Class
diagrams help on the analysis side; too Class is nothing but a structure that contains both
variables and methods.

Fig4.2.1 Class Diagram

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4.1.1 State Chart Diagram

State chart diagram describes the flow of control from one state to another state. States
are defined as a condition in which an object exists and it changes when some event is
triggered. The most important purpose of state chart diagram is to model lifetime of an
object from creation to termination.
The state diagram shows the states of an object and represents activities as arrows
connecting the states. The Activity Diagram highlights the activities. Each activity is
represented by a rounded rectangle-narrower and more oval-shaped than the state icon.
An arrow represents the transition from the one activity to the next. The activity
diagram has a starting point represented by filled-in circle, and an end point represented
by bull’s eye.

Fig.4.2.2 State Chart Diagram

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4.1.2 Sequence Diagram

A Sequence Diagram is an interaction diagram that emphasis the time ordering of

messages; a collaboration diagram is an interaction diagram that emphasizes the
structural organization of the objects that send and receive messages. Sequence
diagrams and collaboration diagrams are isomorphic, meaning that you can take one
and transform it into the other. Sequence diagram and collaboration diagram are called
INTERACTION DIAGRAMS. An interaction diagram shows an interaction, consisting
of set of objects and their relationship including the messages that may be dispatched
among them. A sequence diagram is an introduction that empathizes the time ordering
of messages. Graphically a sequence diagram is a table that shows objects arranged
along the X-axis and messages ordered in increasing time along the Y axis.

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Fig 4.2.1 Sequence Diagram

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4.3. USE CASE DIAGRAM

A use case diagram in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a type of

behavioural diagram defined by and created from a use-case analysis. Its purpose is to
present a graphical overview of the functionality provided by a system in terms of
actors, their goals (represented as use cases), and any dependencies between those use
cases. Use case diagrams are formally included in two modelling languages defined by
the OMG: the unified modelling language (UML) and the systems modelling language.

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Fig 4.3.1 Use Case Diagram

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4.3.2Deployment Diagram

A Deployment Diagram shows the configuration of run-time processing nodes and the
components that live on them. Deployment diagrams address the static deployment
view of architecture. They are related to component diagrams in that a node typically
encloses one or more components.

Fig 4.3.1 Deployment Diagram

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CHAPTER 05

IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

5.1 IMPLEMENTATION

Figure 5.1.1 - System Architecture

We are having a three module which is Admin Module, College Module and Student
Module. Each module is accessible to each other using the username and password after
registration. Number of colleges register on college module and student also register on
student module. Student and collage login profile using username and password after
registration. Admin manage the institute means if the collage is centralised admin
approved collage, if college is decentralized then admin disapproved this college and the
college is disapproved then college can’t login because it gives an error, the student is
self-approved admin don’t have any rights of student to approved or disapproved because
student is self-approved. Collage is able to login if collage is approved by then college has
add cut-off of department and caste category wise also because each college has different
cut-off of category and department wise. System is process on this institute and student
data and give the perfect prediction from the data, in institute data includes the institute
Name, Code, Designation, Institute Mobile no, Institute Phone No, Email, District,

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Taluka, Address of Institute and Password. In student data contains Gender, Caste, Name,
Enrolment No, Percentage, Passing Year, Institute name, University Name, Student
Mobile No, Email, Department, State, Taluka and Password. On the basis of this data,
system is done the prediction using data mining Technique.

5.2 PLATFORM USED

 Programming Language: PHP
PHP is a popular high-level programming language that is used for a wide
range of applications, including web development, data analysis, scientific
computing, and artificial intelligence. Here are some of the key features of
Python:

Easy to Learn: PHP has a simple and straightforward syntax, making it easy
for beginners to learn and use. Its code is often described as readable and
concise, making it easier to understand and maintain.

Object-Oriented: PHP is an object-oriented programming language,

meaning it is designed to manipulate objects, which can be data structures or
functions.

Interpreted: PHP is an interpreted language, meaning it does not need to be

compiled before it can be executed. This allows for rapid development and
testing, as changes can be made to the code and tested immediately.

Platform-independent: PHP is a cross-platform language, which means that

code written on one platform can run on another platform without
modification. This makes it an ideal choice for multi-platform applications.

Dynamic Typing: PHP is a dynamically typed language, meaning that

variable types are determined at runtime, rather than during compilation. This
allows for greater flexibility and ease of use, as variables can be reassigned to
different data types on the fly.

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Standard Library: PHP comes with a vast standard library, which provides a
wide range of modules and functions that can be used for various tasks, such
as file I/O, network programming, and regular expressions.

Third-party Libraries: PHP has a large and active community that has
developed many third-party libraries and modules, which can be easily
installed and used in PHP programs. This makes it easy to extend the
functionality of PHP and to leverage existing code.

5.3 MODULES
 Admin Module
 College Module
 Student Module

5.4 COST
 Time Estimation
The working days: 25 days * 8 months: 200 days
The working hours per day: 6 hours
The total time span for development: 1200 hours
 Cost Estimation
Hosting cost: 2100 Rs.
Cloud cost = 6 months * 350/month: 2100Rs/-
Installation of packages cost: 1000Rs/-
So the total cost for the project will be approximately:5200 Rs./-

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CHAPTER NO:
6
CODING

6.1. PHP Code for Project

<?php
session_start();
include("config.php");
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>Login Page - CAP Admin</title>

<meta name="description" content="User login page" />

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0" />

<!-- bootstrap & fontawesome -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" />

<!-- text fonts -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/fonts.googleapis.com.css" />

<!-- ace styles -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/ace.min.css" />

<!--[if lte IE 9]>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/ace-part2.min.css" />
<![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/ace-rtl.min.css" />

<!--[if lte IE 9]>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/ace-ie.min.css" />
<![endif]-->

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<!-- HTML5shiv and Respond.js for IE8 to support HTML5 elements and media queries --
>

<!--[if lte IE 8]>

<script src="assets/js/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->

<!----------------------------User Availablity---------------------------------------->
<script type="text/javascript" src="usercheck/jquery-1.3.2.js"></script>
<link href="usercheck/css1.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

<script type="text/javascript">

$(document).ready(function() {
$('#Loading').hide();
});

function check_username(){

var username = $("#username").val();

if(username.length > 2){
$('#Loading').show();
$.post("check_username_availablity1.php", {
username: $('#username').val(),
}, function(response){
$('#Info').fadeOut();
$('#Loading').hide();
setTimeout("finishAjax('Info', '"+escape(response)+"')", 450);
});
return false;
}
}

function finishAjax(id, response){

$('#'+id).html(unescape(response));
$('#'+id).fadeIn(1000);
}

</script>

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<!--favicon genrator-->
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="assets/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="icon" href="assets/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
<style>
.light-login {
background: url(images/download1.jfif)#FAD5A5;
}
</style>
</head>

<body class="login-layout light-login">

<div class="main-container">
<div class="main-content">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1">
<div class="login-container">
<div class="center">
<h1>

<i class="ace-icon fa fa-leaf green"></i>

<span class="red">CAP</span>

<!-- <span class="white" id="id-text2">ZP MIS</span> -->

</h1>

<h4 class="green" id="id-company-text"> Admin Login</h4>

</div>

<div class="space-6"></div>

<div class="position-relative">
<div id="login-box" class="login-box visible
widget-box no-border">
<div class="widget-body">
<div class="widget-main">

<h4 class="header blue lighter bigger">

<i class="ace-icon fa fa-coffee green"></i>

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A web based application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining.

Please Enter Your Information

</h4>

<div class="space-6"></div>

<form method="post">
<fieldset>
<label class="block clearfix">
<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">
<input type="email"class="form-control"
placeholder= xyz@email.com name="a_email" required/>
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-user"></i>
</span>
</label>

<label class="block clearfix">

<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">
<input type="password" class="form-control"
placeholder="Password" name="a_password" required />
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-lock"></i>
</span>
</label>

<div class="space"></div>

<div class="clearfix">
<div>
<button type="submit" class="width-35 pull-right
btn btn-sm btn-primary" name="btn_login">
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-key"></i>
<span class="bigger-110">Login</span>
</button></div>

</div>
<div class="space-4"></div>
</fieldset>
</form>
<?php
include "config.php";
if(isset($_POST['btn_login']))
{
$queryl="select * from admin_login where
a_email='".$_POST['a_email']."' and a_password='".$_POST['a_password']."' ";

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$resl=mysqli_query($con,$queryl) or die(mysqli_error($con));
if(mysqli_num_rows($resl)>0)
{
$row=mysqli_fetch_array($resl);
extract($row);
if($approve_status=='Approved')
{
//echo MD5($row['org_user_name']);

//session_start();
$_SESSION['id']=$row['id'];
$_SESSION['name']=$row['name'];
$_SESSION['a_designation']=$row['a_designation'];
$_SESSION['a_email']=$row['a_email'];

echo "<script>";
echo "alert('Login Successfully');";
echo "window.location.href='home.php';";
echo "</script>";
}
else
{
echo "<script>";
echo "alert('Your Account Still Not Approved by Admin');";
echo "window.location.href='home.php';";
echo "</script>";
}
}
else
{
echo "<script>";
echo "alert('Username or Password is Invalid');";
echo "window.location.href='index.php';";
echo "</script>";
}
}
?>

</div><!-- /.widget-main -->

</div><!-- /.widget-body -->

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</div>
<!-- /.login-box -->
<br>
<a href="Student/index.php">
<h3 align="center">Student</h3>
</a>
<br>
<a href="College/index.php">
<h3 align="center">College</h3>
</a>

<div id="forgot-box" class="forgot-box widget-box no-border">

<div class="widget-body">
<div class="widget-main">
<h4 class="header red lighter bigger">
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-key"></i>
Retrieve Password
</h4>

<div class="space-6"></div>
<p>
Enter your email and to receive instructions
</p>
<form id="form_reset_pwd">
<fieldset>
<label class="block clearfix">
<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">
<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="Email" name="email" />
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-envelope"></i>
</span>
</label>
<div class="clearfix">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary forgot_password">
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-lightbulb-o"></i>
<span class="bigger-110">Send Me!</span>
</button>
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){

$(document).on('click','.forgot_password',function(){
var url = "reset_password.php";

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if($('#form_reset_pwd').valid()){
$('#error_result').html('<img src="ajax.gif" align="absmiddle"> Please wait...');
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: url,
data: $("#form_reset_pwd").serialize(), // serializes the form's elements.
success: function(data) {
if(data==1)
{
$('#error_result').html('Check your email');
$('#error_result').addClass("green");
}
else
{
$('#error_result').html('Invalid email id. Please check your email id.');
$('#error_result').addClass("red");
}
}
});
}
return false;
});
});
</script>
</div><!-- /.widget-main -->
<div class="toolbar center">
<a href="#" data-target="#login-box" class="back-to-login-link">
Back to login
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-arrow-right"></i>
</a>
</div>
</div><!-- /.widget-body -->
</div><!-- /.forgot-box -->

<div id="signup-box" class="signup-box widget-box no-border">

<div class="widget-body">
<div class="widget-main">
<h4 class="header green lighter bigger">
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-users blue"></i>
New ZP Registration
</h4>
<div class="space-6"></div>
<p> Enter Your ZP Details To Begin: </p>
<form method="post">

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<fieldset>
<label class="block clearfix">
<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">
<select class="form-control" name="zp_district" required >
<option required >--------Select ZP District--------</option>
<?php
include "config.php";
$query="select Distinct Name from district WHERE parent_id='0' ";
//echo $query;
$res1=mysqli_query($con,$query) or die(mysqli_error($con));
while($row1=mysqli_fetch_array($res1))
{
?>
<option value="<?php echo $row1['Name'] ;?>"><?php echo $row1['Name']; ?></option>
<?php
}
?>
</select>
</span>
</label>
<label class="block clearfix">
<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="zp_name" placeholder="ZP Name"
pattern="[a-zA-Z\s]+" title="Characters Only" required />
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-asterisk "></i>
</span>
</label>
<label class="block clearfix">
<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="zp_auth_name"
placeholder="Authority Name" pattern="[A-Za-z\s]+" title="Characters Only" required />
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-street-view"></i>
</span>
</label>
<label class="block clearfix">
<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">
<input type="text" class="form-control"
name="zp_designation" placeholder="Designation"
pattern="[A-Za-z\s]+" title="Characters Only" required />
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-square"></i>
</span>
</label>
<label class="block clearfix">
<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">

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<input type="text" class="form-control" name="zp_mob_no"

maxlength="10" placeholder="ZP Mobile No"
pattern="[7-9]{1}[0-9]{9}" title="Only Number Start With 7,8,9" required />
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-mobile"></i>
</span>
</label>
<label class="block clearfix">
<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="zp_phone"
maxlength="13" placeholder="ZP Phone No"/>
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-phone-square"></i>
</span>
</label>
<label class="block clearfix">
<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">
<input type="email" class="form-control" name="zp_email"
placeholder="xyz@email.com" id="username" onBlur="return check_username();" required />
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-envelope"></i>
</span>
</label>
<div id="Info"></div>
<span id="Loading"><img src="loader.gif" alt="" /></span><br>
<label class="block clearfix">
<div>
<textarea class="form-control" id="form-field-8"
name="zp_address" placeholder="Address Of ZP" required ></textarea>
</div>
</label>

<label class="block clearfix">

<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">
<input type="password" class="form-control"
name="zp_password" placeholder="Password" id="password"
pattern=".{6,}"title="Minimum Lenght Of Password is 6 character" maxlength="25" required />
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-lock"></i>
</span>
</label>
<label class="block clearfix">
<span class="block input-icon input-icon-right">
<input type="password" class="form-control"
placeholder="Repeat password" id="confirm_password" required />
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-retweet"></i>
</span>
</label>

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<div class="space-24"></div>
<div class="clearfix">
<button type="reset" class="width-30 pull-left btn btn-sm">
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-refresh"></i>
<span class="bigger-110">Reset</span>
</button>
<button type="submit" class="width-65 pull-right btn btn-sm btn-success"
name="btn_register" onClick="return Validate()">
<span class="bigger-110">Register</span>
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-arrow-right icon-on-right"></i>
</button>
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
<!---------------Confirm password Script---------------------->
<script type="text/javascript">
var password = document.getElementById("password")
, confirm_password = document.getElementById("confirm_password");

function validatePassword(){
if(password.value != confirm_password.value) {
confirm_password.setCustomValidity("Passwords Don't Match");
} else {
confirm_password.setCustomValidity('');
}
}

password.onchange = validatePassword;
confirm_password.onkeyup = validatePassword;
</script>

<!---------------Registration Query------------------>
<?php
if(isset($_POST['btn_register']))
{
extract($_POST);
$query="insert
into
zp_register(zp_district,zp_name,zp_auth_name,zp_designation,zp_mob_no,zp_phone,zp_email,zp_a
ddress,zp_password,zp_approve_status,zp_creation_timestamp)values('$zp_district','$zp_name','
$zp_auth_name','$zp_designation','$zp_mob_no','$zp_phone','$zp_email','$zp_address','$zp_pas
sword','Approved',NOW())";
$res=mysqli_query($con,$query) or die(mysqli_error($con));

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//echo $query;
if($res)
{
echo"<script>";
echo "alert('New ZP Registration Done Successfully');";
echo "window.location.href='index.php';";

echo "</script>";
}
else
{
echo"<script>";
echo "alert('Organization Registration Not Done');";
echo "window.location.href='index.php';";
echo "</script>";
}
}
?>
</div>
<div class="toolbar center">
<a href="#" data-target="#login-box" class="back-to-login-link">
<i class="ace-icon fa fa-arrow-left"></i>
Back to login
</a>
</div>
</div><!-- /.widget-body -->
</div><!-- /.signup-box -->
</div><!-- /.position-relative -->
<div class="navbar-fixed-top align-right">
<br />
&nbsp;
<a id="btn-login-dark" href="#">Dark</a>
&nbsp;
<span class="blue">/</span>&nbsp;
<a id="btn-login-blur" href="#">Blur</a>&nbsp;
<span class="blue">/</span>&nbsp;
<a id="btn-login-light" href="#">Light</a>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- /.col -->
</div><!-- /.row -->
</div><!-- /.main-content -->
</div><!-- /.main-container -->

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<!-- basic scripts -->

<!--[if !IE]> -->

<script src="assets/js/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script>

<!-- <![endif]-->

<!--[if IE]>
<script src="assets/js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script type="text/javascript">
if('ontouchstart' in document.documentElement)
document.write("<script src='assets/js/jquery.mobile.custom.min.js'>"+"<"+"/script>");
</script>

<!-- inline scripts related to this page -->

<script type="text/javascript">
jQuery(function($) {
$(document).on('click', '.toolbar a[data-target]', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
var target = $(this).data('target');
$('.widget-box.visible').removeClass('visible');//hide others
$(target).addClass('visible');//show target
});
});

//you don't need this, just used for changing background

jQuery(function($) {
$('#btn-login-dark').on('click', function(e) {
$('body').attr('class', 'login-layout');
$('#id-text2').attr('class', 'white');
$('#id-company-text').attr('class', 'blue');

e.preventDefault();
});
$('#btn-login-light').on('click', function(e) {
$('body').attr('class', 'login-layout light-login');
$('#id-text2').attr('class', 'grey');
$('#id-company-text').attr('class', 'blue');

e.preventDefault();
});

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$('#btn-login-blur').on('click', function(e) {
$('body').attr('class', 'login-layout blur-login');
$('#id-text2').attr('class', 'white');
$('#id-company-text').attr('class', 'light-blue');

e.preventDefault();
});

});
</script>
</body>
</html

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CHAPTER
07
TESTING

7.1 UNIT TESTING

Test the function that detects and classifies vehicles:
 Test the function with different types of vehicles to ensure
accurate classification.
 Test the function with images that have multiple vehicles in them to
ensure that all vehicles are correctly detected and classified.
 Test the function with images that have partially obscured vehicles to
ensure that they are still accurately classified.

Test the function that tracks vehicles in real-time:

 Test the function with a vehicle moving at a consistent speed to ensure
that it is accurately tracked.
 Test the function with a vehicle that changes speed or direction to ensure
that it is accurately tracked and that the system updates in real-time.
 Test the function with multiple vehicles in the same image to ensure that
each vehicle is correctly tracked.

System Testing

The software is tested. Begins with the once module are integrated together for a
platform test in whole system environments There was no visible performance
degradation. The speed of the system remained unaffected. All the other files on the
system where not affected.

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7.2 TEST CASES AND RESULTS

Test Case ID TC_1

Test Case name Login process
When we execute an application & if
user name & password is correct then &
Test case description
then message will be display as a login
successfully.
Prerequisites Internet should be available
Expected Result For expected output you have to insert
valid USERNAME and PASSWORD
If username & password is incorrect then
Actual Result
massage display as USER name &
PASSWORD
is incorrect
Status Pass
Table 7.3.1 -Table case

Test Case ID TC_2

Test Case name College Registration
Check all required field fill required, if all
field fill, then message display your record
Test case description
added successfully.

Test steps Set the different conditions

Expected Result The admin should beAdmin Check this

college is centralized or decentralized, if
college is centralized then login as
Username and Password.

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Actual Result The admin Check this college is

centralized or decentralized, if college is
centralized then login as Username and
Password.
Status Pass.
Table 7.3.2 - Test Case 2

RESULTS

SCREEN SHOTS

First go on browser there are three module Admin, College, User each one has unique
password and unique username shown on Screenshot 1.

Screenshot 1: Home Page

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Click on admin module admin login page is open. For login it required admin username
and password. Using Correct username and password admin can login successfully.
Shown in screenshot 2.

Screenshot 2: Admin login page

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After inserting correct username and password admin main page is open. In that page admin
can Add Department and view this departments on view page.Shown in screenshot 3 & 4.

Screenshot 3: Admin Department Add

Screenshot 4: Department View

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After click on Cast field there are two option is cast add and cast view. Admin can add cast
category on screenshot 4 and view cast category on screenshot 5 & 6.

Screenshot 5: Category Add

Screenshot 6: Caste Category View

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In college field if college is authorized then admin can approved this college which is
view in approved field is shown in screenshot 7 and if college is decentralized then
admin disapproved this college which is view in disapproved field shown in screenshot
8.

Screenshot 7: Admin Approved College List

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Screenshot 8: Admin Disapproved College List

After click on college module firstly college require to register college without
registration college not able to login. College registration successfully then college are
able to login using username and password. Shown in screenshot 9 & 10.

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Screenshot 9: College Registration Form

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Screenshots 10: College Login

After login successfully, college can add cut-off list and also view this college cut-off
list which shown in screenshot 10 & 11.

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Screenshot 11: View College Cut-off List

In student field there are many department added by admin which student applicable to
admission in our college this student shown in student list as per the department wise.
Which is shown in screenshot 12.

Screenshot 12: Student list

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In student Module student firstly register themselves on registration page then student
can able to login their profile using username and password. Which shown in
screenshot 13 & 14.

Screenshot 13: Student Registration Form

Screenshot 14: Student Login Form

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After student login student can view the collages list which is exact match on their
percentage. Which is shown in screenshot 15.

Screenshot 15: Exact match college list on student percentage

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In setting field student can view their profile which is shown in screenshot 16 and also
student change their password which is shown in screenshot 17.

Screenshot 16: Student Profile

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CHAPTER
08

CONCLUSIONS

The aim of this study is to support Students in making good decisions in its
admissions process by predicting College before filling the admission form. The study
was conducted with a largest database of college. The technique used, however, are
generally and can be used in any higher education institution. The study confirms the
effectiveness of prediction College for higher education where decision makers can use
these models in planning and optimizing colleges. In addition, the results show that a
high-performance model to predict colleges early performance could be developed
based on pre-admission information. Also, college and student search using deep
searching means search with one or more keywords.
Our project is only a humble venture to satisfy the needs to manage their project
work. Several user-friendly coding has also adopted. This package shall prove to be a
powerful package in satisfying all the requirements of the school, colleges and overall
education system. The objective of project is to provide a Perfect analysis that enable
students to take perfect decision regarding admission.
8.1 ADVANTAGES
1. More Secure
2. Save Paper Work
3. Saves time
4. User friendly and easy to use
5. Storage of data is easy
6. Easy to generate the result
7. understanding the result is easy

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8. prediction is made easy

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CHAPTER
09
FUTURE SCOPES

This project only direct second year students can use. In future the after-12th
students can also use. We can implement this project for after 10 th students also. now
the project is a web-based project in future project is implement in the application form
means in web based is not friendly for everyone so application based is best option for
future. Now for this web-based tool we required the network connection to use this or
take benefits of this. In future the offline application is implements. Now we give
prediction on the basis of students caste category and aggregate but in future we give
the prediction on the basis of Aadhar card number. Now we are giving analysis only for
engineering students but in future we are give analysis for commerce science and arts
students. now we give the only prediction but in future we provide the E-books to
students and learning saved video is also provided to student by us.

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CHAPTER 10

REFERENCES

[1] A. Dashputre, D. Shetye, A. Sonawane, P Mangalkar “A web-based application for

tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining” Vol-8 Issue-2 2022.
[2] Hanan Abdullah Mengash, “Using Data Mining Techniques to Predict Student
Performance to Support Decision Making in University Admission Systems” 30 March
2020, vol8 2020.
[3] H. Aldowah, H. Al-Samarraie, and W. M. Fauzy, ‘‘Educational data mining and
learning analytics for 21st century higher education: A review and synthesis,’’
Telematics Informat., vol. 37, pp. 13–49, Apr. 2019.
[4] A. M. Shahiri, W. Husain, and N. A. Rashid, ‘‘A review on predicting Student’s
performance using data mining techniques,’’ Procedia Computer. Sci., vol. 72, pp. 414–
422, Jan. 2015.
[5] Prasanna B, C B Akki, “Dynamic Multi-Keyword Ranked Searchable Security
Algorithm Using CRSA and B-Tree”, Vol. 6 (1), 2015.
[6] Dharni Negandhi, Aastha Mishra, Akshay Doshi, “Online College Admission
System”, Volume 5, Issue 2017.
[7] Jadhav Snehal Balasaheb, Supekar Bhagyashri Sitar am, Wakode Vrushali
Khushalrao, Vasaikar Nikita Ashok, Mandlik Priyanka Bhausaheb “Web Based College
Admission System”, Vol.2, No.4, October
[8] 2011Surender Baswana, Partha Pratim Chakrabarti, Sharat Chandran, Yashodhan
Kanoria, Utkarsh Patange, “Centralized Admissions for Engineering Colleges in India”
95, 2 (2005), 364–367.
[9] Surender Baswana, Partha Pratim Chakrabarti, Sharat Chandran, Yashodhan

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web based A application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining

Kanoria, Utkarsh Patange, “Centralized Admissions for Engineering Colleges in India”

95, 2 (2005), 364–367.

[10] Mehul Gupta, K.Kartik Iyer, Mani Ratnam Singh, A.K.Kadam “Automated Online
College Admission Management System”, Vol. 2, Issue 6, June 2013.

[11] Dharni Negandhi, Aastha Mishra, Sunidhi Desai, Rasika Thakare “Online College
Admission System”, vol. 2,pp. 256 - 260, August 2013.

[12] Er. Saurabh Walia1, Er. SatinderjitKaur Gill2 “Centralized Admission and the
Student-College Match”, IJCSMC,Vol. 3, Issue. 8, August 2014, pg.24 – 33.

[13].S.R.Bharamagoudar1, Geeta R.B.2, S.G.Totad3 “Web Based Student Information

Management System” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 6, June 2013.

[14] Zhi-gang YUE, You-wei JIN, “The development and design of the student
management system based on the network environment”,2010 International Conference
on Multimedia Communications, 978-0-7695- 4136-5/10 2010 IEEE.

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APPENDIX A:

OBJECTIVE:

To identify in which class our problem statement belongs. To find feasible solution to
make problem statement from NP-hard to NP-Complete.

1. Introduction

NP-complete problems are in NP, the set of all decision problems whose solutions can
be verified in polynomial time; NP may be equivalently defined as the set of decision
problems that can be solved in polynomial time on a non-deterministic Turing machine.
A problem p in NP is NP-complete if every other problem in NP can be transformed (or
reduced) into p in polynomial time. NP-complete problems are studied because the
ability to quickly verify solutions to a problem (NP) seems to correlate with the ability
to quickly solve that problem (P). It is not known whether every problem in NP can be
quickly solved—this is called the P versus NP problem. But if any NP-complete
problem can be solved quickly, then every problem in NP can, because the definition of
an NP-complete problem states that every problem in NP must be quickly reducible to
every NP-complete problem (that is, it can be reduced in polynomial time). Because of
this, it is often said that NP-complete problems are harder or more difficult than NP
problems in general.

2. Explanation

Consider any decision problem, where for given number of inputs, decision-oriented
solution is available so our project is NP complete but some cases like no internet
connection and no power it’s NP hard.

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3. Methodology

The algorithm in which every operation is uniquely defined is called deterministic

algorithms. The algorithm in which every operation may not have unique result, rather
there can be specified set of possibilities frery peration, such algorithms are called.

Non deterministic algorithms. Non deterministic means no particular rule is followed to

make guess.
 P Class: -This group consists of all algorithms whose computing times are polynomial
time that is there computing time is bounded by polynomials of small degree. E.g.,
insertion sort, merge sort, quick sort has polynomial computing time.
 NP Class: -This group consists of all algorithms whose computing time are non-
deterministic polynomial time. E.g., Traveling salesman problem. The NP class
problem can be classified into two groups:
2. NP Hard Problems: Normally optimization problems are NP-Hard problems. All NP
complete problems are NP hard but some NP hard are not NP complete. A problem
is NP hard if and only if it’s at least as hard as NP complete problem.
3. NP complete problems: Normally decision problems are NP-Complete problems. Non
deterministic polynomial time complete problems. Decision Problems: Any problem
having the answer either zero or one is called decision problem.

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web based A application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining

Mathematical Model

S = {I,O,Fme,Ffriend,Tcomp,Failure,Success,HW,SW,Core}

I= Input
I={A,B,C}
A: Student Information
B: Database
C: Condition

O= Output
O={T,E}
T: Transaction between request college and admin.
E: Evolution process and result.

Fme = Main Method

Fme= {Educational Data Mining, Prediction}

Ffriend = Helping Algorithm

Ffriend={Key word-based search, Classification, Data Analysis}

DD = Deterministic Data
DD={I,O}
The accuracy of the trained function depends upon the input. Enough information to
accurately predict the output.

NDD = Non-Deterministic Data

NDD= {NULL}

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web based A application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining

Tcomp = Time Complexity

Tcomp = {O(1)}

How quickly the duration of the algorithm grows.

Scomp = Space Complexity

Scomp = {O(1)}
How much space of algorithm requires as it grows.

HW = Hardware Requirement
 Processor : Intel core i3 2nd Generation 2.3 GHz
 RAM : 4 GB RAM
 HDD : 250 GB
 Monitor : VGA/SVGA
 Keyboard : 104 keys
 Mouse : 2 buttons / 3 buttons
 CD ROM/DVD: Required
 Work Station : Standard

SW = Software Requirement
 Operating System: Windows 7 and Windows 10 or Linux
 Front End : HTML5, CSS3 , jQuery, JavaScript, Bootstrap, PHP5, Ajax
 Back End : MySQL
 Web Server : Apache Web Server

Success :
The Student above their Performance system provide the exactly match college list.
System Provide 99% accuracy.

Failure :
The student provide any wrong information then system gives above their performance
match.

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web based A application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining

APPENDIX B:

HANAN ABDULLAH MENGASH, “Using Data Mining Techniques to Predict Student

Performance to Support Decision Making in University Admission Systems” VOLUME 8,
2020

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A web based application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining.

APPENDIX C:

Screenshot 13: Plagiarism Report

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