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PROBLEM 2.1

Two forces are applied as shown to a hook. Determine graphically the

magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law,
(b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION

(a) Parallelogram law:

(b) Triangle rule:

We measure: R  1391 kN,   47.8 R  1391 N 47.8 ◀

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 PROBLEM 2.2

Two forces are applied as shown to a bracket support. Determine

graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using
(a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION

(a) Parallelogram law:

(b) Triangle rule:

We measure: R  906 lb,   26.6 R  906 lb 26.6 ◀

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 PROBLEM 2.3

Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at Point A of a hook support. Knowing that
P  75 N and Q  125 N, determine graphically the magnitude and direction of
their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION

(a) Parallelogram law:

(b) Triangle rule:

We measure: R  179 N,   75.1 R  179 N 75.1 

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 PROBLEM 2.4

Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at Point A of a hook support. Knowing that
P  60 lb and Q  25 lb, determine graphically the magnitude and direction of their
resultant using (a) the parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION

(a) Parallelogram law:

(b) Triangle rule:

We measure: R  77.1 lb,   85.4 R  77.1 lb 85.4 

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 PROBLEM 2.5

A stake is being pulled out of the ground by means of two ropes as shown.
Knowing that α  30°, determine by trigonometry (a) the magnitude of
the force P so that the resultant force exerted on the stake is vertical, (b)
the corresponding magnitude of the resultant.

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the law of sines:

120 N P
(a)  P  101.4 N ◀
sin 30 sin 25

(b) 30    25  180

  180  25  30
 125
120 N R
 R  196.6 N ◀
sin 30 sin125

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 PROBLEM 2.6

A telephone cable is clamped at A to the pole AB. Knowing that the

tension in the left-hand portion of the cable is T1 800 lb, determine
by trigonometry (a) the required tension T2 in the right-hand portion if
the resultant R of the forces exerted by the cable at A is to be vertical,
(b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the law of sines:

(a) 75  40    180

  180  75  40
 65
800 lb T2
 T2  853 lb ◀
sin 65 sin 75
800 lb R
(b)  R  567 lb ◀
sin 65 sin 40

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 PROBLEM 2.7

A telephone cable is clamped at A to the pole AB. Knowing that the

tension in the right-hand portion of the cable is T2  1000 lb, determine
by trigonometry (a) the required tension T1 in the left-hand portion if
the resultant R of the forces exerted by the cable at A is to be vertical,
(b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the law of sines:

(a) 75  40    180

  180  75  40
 65
1000 lb T1
 T1  938 lb ◀
sin 75° sin 65

1000 lb R
(b)  R  665 lb ◀
sin 75° sin 40

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 PROBLEM 2.8

A disabled automobile is pulled by means of two ropes as

shown. The tension in rope AB is 2.2 kN, and the angle α is
25. Knowing that the resultant of the two forces applied at
A is directed along the axis of the automobile, determine by
trigonometry (a) the tension in rope AC, (b) the magnitude
of the resultant of the two forces applied at A.

SOLUTION

Using the law of sines:

TA C R 2.2 kN
 
sin 30° sin125 sin 25

TA C  2.603 kN
R  4.264 kN

(a) TA C  2.60 kN ◀

(b) R  4.26 kN ◀

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 PROBLEM 2.9

A disabled automobile is pulled by means of two ropes as

shown. Knowing that the tension in rope AB is 3 kN,
determine by trigonometry the tension in rope AC and the
value of α so that the resultant force exerted at A is a
4.8-kN force directed along the axis of the automobile.

SOLUTION

Using the law of cosines: TAC 2  (3 kN)2  (4.8 kN)2  2(3 kN)(4.8 kN)cos 30°
TAC  2.6643 kN

sin  sin30
Using the law of sines: 
3 kN 2.6643 kN
  34.3
TA C  2.66 kN 34.3 ◀

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 PROBLEM 2.10

Two forces are applied as shown to a hook support. Knowing that the
magnitude of P is 35 N, determine by trigonometry (a) the required
angle  if the resultant R of the two forces applied to the support is to
be horizontal, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and law of sines:

sin  sin 25

(a) 
50 N 35 N
sin   0.60374

  37.138   37.1 ◀

(b)     25  180

  180  25  37.138
 117.862
R 35 N
 R  73.2 N ◀
sin117.862 sin 25

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 PROBLEM 2.11

A steel tank is to be positioned in an excavation. Knowing

that   20°, determine by trigonometry (a) the required
magnitude of the force P if the resultant R of the two
forces applied at A is to be vertical, (b) the corresponding
magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the law of sines:

(a)   50  60  180
  180  50  60
 70
425 lb P
 P  392 lb ◀
sin 70 sin 60

425 lb R
(b)  R  346 lb ◀
sin 70 sin 50

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 PROBLEM 2.12

A steel tank is to be positioned in an excavation. Knowing

that the magnitude of P is 500 lb, determine by
trigonometry (a) the required angle  if the resultant R of
the two forces applied at A is to be vertical, (b) the
corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the law of sines:

(a) (  30)  60    180

  180  (  30)  60
  90  
sin (90   ) sin 60

425 lb 500 lb
90    47.402   42.6 ◀

R 500 lb
(b)  R  551 lb ◀
sin (42.598  30) sin 60

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 PROBLEM 2.13

A steel tank is to be positioned in an excavation. Determine by

trigonometry (a) the magnitude and direction of the smallest
force P for which the resultant R of the two forces applied at A
is vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

The smallest force P will be perpendicular to R.

(a) P  (425 lb)cos30 P  368 lb ◀

(b) R  (425 lb)sin 30 R  213 lb ◀

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 PROBLEM 2.14

For the hook support of Prob. 2.10, determine by trigonometry (a) the
magnitude and direction of the smallest force P for which the resultant
R of the two forces applied to the support is horizontal, (b) the
corresponding magnitude of R.

SOLUTION

The smallest force P will be perpendicular to R.

(a) P  (50 N)sin 25 P  21.1 N ◀

(b) R  (50 N)cos 25 R  45.3 N ◀

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 PROBLEM 2.15

The barge B is pulled by two tugboats A and C. At a given

instant the tension in cable AB is 4500 lb and the tension
in cable BC is 2000 lb. Determine by trigonometry the
magnitude and direction of the resultant of the two forces
applied at B at that instant.

SOLUTION

Using the law of cosines:

  180  30  45
  105

R 2  4500 lb  2000 lb  2 4500 lb2000 lb cos 105

2 2

R  5380 lb
Using the law of sines:

R 2000 lb

sin  sin 30  
5380 lb 2000 lb

sin105 sin 30  

  8.94
R  5380 lb 8.94 ◀

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 PROBLEM 2.16

Solve Prob. 2.1 by trigonometry.

PROBLEM 2.1

Two forces are applied as shown to a hook. Determine graphically the

magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the parallelogram law,
(b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION

Using the law of cosines:

R 2  (900 N)2  (600 N )2

 2(900 N )(600 N)cos(135)
R  1390.57N

sin(  30) sin(135)

Using the law of sines: 
600N 1390.57N
  30  17.7642

  47.764
R  1391N 47.8 ◀◀

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 PROBLEM 2.17

Solve Problem 2.4 by trigonometry.

PROBLEM 2.4 Two forces P and Q are applied as shown at Point A of

a hook support. Knowing that P  60 lb and Q  25 lb, determine
graphically the magnitude and direction of their resultant using (a) the
parallelogram law, (b) the triangle rule.

SOLUTION

Using the triangle rule and the law of cosines:

20  35    180

  125
R 2  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos 
R 2  (60 lb)2  (25 lb)2
 2(60 lb)(25 lb)cos125
R 2  3600  625  3000(0.5736)
R  77.108 lb

sin  sin125
Using the law of sines: 
25 lb 77.108 lb
  15.402

70    85.402 R  77.1 lb 85.4 

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 PROBLEM 2.18

For the stake of Prob. 2.5, knowing that the tension in one rope is 120 N,
determine by trigonometry the magnitude and direction of the force P so
that the resultant is a vertical force of 160 N.

PROBLEM 2.5 A stake is being pulled out of the ground by means of two
ropes as shown. Knowing that α  30°, determine by trigonometry (a) the
magnitude of the force P so that the resultant force exerted on the stake is
vertical, (b) the corresponding magnitude of the resultant.

SOLUTION

Using the laws of cosines and sines:

P 2  (120 N)2  (160 N)2  2(120 N)(160 N)cos 25

P  72.096 N

sin  sin 25

And 
120 N 72.096 N
sin   0.70343
  44.703
P  72.1 N 44.7 ◀◀

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19
 PROBLEM 2.19

Two structural members A and B are bolted to a bracket as shown.

Knowing that both members are in compression and that the force
is 10 kN in member A and 15 kN in member B, determine by
trigonometry the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the
forces applied to the bracket by members A and B.

SOLUTION
Using the force triangle and the laws of cosines and sines

We have   180  (40  20)

 120

Then R 2  (10 kN)2  (15 kN)2

 2(10 kN)(15 kN)cos120
 475 kN 2
R  21.794 kN

15 kN 21.794 kN
and 
sin  sin120
 15 kN 
sin     sin120
 21.794 kN 
 0.59605
  36.588
Hence:     50  86.588 R  21.8 kN 86.6° 

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 PROBLEM 2.20

Two structural members A and B are bolted to a bracket as shown.

Knowing that both members are in compression and that the force
is 15 kN in member A and 10 kN in member B, determine by
trigonometry the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the
forces applied to the bracket by members A and B.

SOLUTION

Using the force triangle and the laws of cosines and sines:

We have   180  (40  20)

 120

Then R 2  (15 kN)2  (10 kN)2

 2(15 kN)(10 kN)cos120
 475 kN 2
R  21.794 kN

10 kN 21.794 kN
and 
sin  sin120
 10 kN 
sin     sin120
 21.794 kN 
 0.39737
  23.414
Hence:     50  73.414 R  21.8 kN 73.4° 

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 PROBLEM 2.21

Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.

SOLUTION

Compute the following distances:

OA  (84)2  (80)2
 116 in.
OB  (28)2  (96)2
 100 in.
OC  (48)2  (90)2
 102 in.
84
29-lb Force: Fx  (29 lb) Fx  21.0 lb ◀◀
116
80
Fy  (29 lb) Fy  20.0 lb ◀◀
116
28
50-lb Force: Fx  (50 lb) Fx  14.00 lb ◀◀
100
96
Fy  (50 lb) Fy  48.0 lb ◀◀
100
48
51-lb Force: Fx  (51 lb) Fx  24.0 lb ◀◀
102
90
Fy  (51 lb) Fy  45.0 lb ◀◀
102

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 PROBLEM 2.22

Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.

SOLUTION

Compute the following distances:

OA  (600)2  (800)2
 1000 mm
OB  (560)2  (900)2
 1060 mm
OC  (480)2  (900)2
 1020 mm
800
800-N Force: Fx  (800 N) Fx  640 N ◀◀
1000
600
Fy  (800 N) Fy  480 N ◀◀
1000
560
424-N Force: Fx  (424 N) Fx  224 N ◀◀
1060
900
Fy  (424 N) Fy  360 N ◀◀
1060
480
408-N Force: Fx  (408 N) Fx  192.0 N ◀◀
1020
900
Fy  (408 N) Fy  360 N ◀◀
1020

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 PROBLEM 2.23

Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.

SOLUTION

350-N Force: Fx  (350 N)cos25 Fx  317 N ◀◀

Fy  (350 N)sin 25 Fy  147.9 N ◀◀

800-N Force: Fx  (800 N)cos 70 Fx  274 N ◀◀

Fy  (800 N)sin 70 Fy  752 N ◀◀

600-N Force: Fx  (600 N)cos60 Fx  300 N ◀◀

Fy  (600 N)sin 60 Fy  520 N ◀◀

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 PROBLEM 2.24

Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown.

SOLUTION

80-lb Force: Fx  (80 lb)cos30 Fx  69.3 lb ◀◀

Fy  (80 lb)sin 30 Fy  40.0 lb ◀◀

120-lb Force: Fx  (120 lb)cos 75 Fx  31.1 lb ◀◀

Fy  (120 lb)sin 75 Fy  115.9 lb ◀◀

150-lb Force: Fx  (150 lb)cos 40 Fx  114.9 lb ◀◀

Fy  (150 lb)sin 40 Fy  96.4 lb ◀◀

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25
 PROBLEM 2.25

Member BC exerts on member AC a force P directed along line BC. Knowing

that P must have a 325-N horizontal component, determine (a) the magnitude
of the force P, (b) its vertical component.

SOLUTION

BC  (650 mm)2  (720 mm)2

 970 mm

 650 
(a) Px  P  
 970 

 970 
or P  Px  
 650 
 970 
 325 N  
 650 
 485 N

P  485 N ◀◀

 720 
(b) Py  P  
 970 
 720 
 485 N  
 970 
 360 N

Py  970 N ◀◀

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 PROBLEM 2.26

Member BD exerts on member ABC a force P directed along line BD.

Knowing that P must have a 300-lb horizontal component, determine (a) the
magnitude of the force P, (b) its vertical component.

SOLUTION

(a) P sin 35  300 lb

300 lb
P P  523 lb ◀◀
sin 35
(b) Vertical component Pv  P cos35

 (523 lb)cos35 Pv  428 lb ◀◀

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 PROBLEM 2.27

The hydraulic cylinder BC exerts on member AB a force P

directed along line BC. Knowing that P must have a 600-N
component perpendicular to member AB, determine (a) the
magnitude of the force P, (b) its component along line AB.

SOLUTION

180  45    90  30

  180  45  90  30
 15
Px
(a) cos  
P
P
P x
cos 
600 N

cos15
 621.17 N
P  621 N ◀◀

Py
(b) tan  
Px
Py  Px tan 
 (600 N) tan15
 160.770 N

Py  160.8 N ◀◀

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28
 PROBLEM 2.28

Cable AC exerts on beam AB a force P directed along line AC. Knowing

that P must have a 350-lb vertical component, determine (a) the magnitude
of the force P, (b) its horizontal component.

SOLUTION

Py
(a) P
cos 55

350 lb

cos 55
 610.21 lb P  610 lb ◀◀

(b) Px  P sin 55

 (610.21 lb)sin 55

 499.85 lb Px  500 lb ◀◀

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 PROBLEM 2.29

The hydraulic cylinder BD exerts on member ABC a force P directed

along line BD. Knowing that P must have a 750-N component
perpendicular to member ABC, determine (a) the magnitude of the force
P, (b) its component parallel to ABC.

SOLUTION

(a) 750 N  P sin 20

P  2192.9 N P  2190 N ◀◀

(b) PA BC  P cos 20

 (2192.9 N)cos20 PA BC  2060 N ◀◀

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 PROBLEM 2.30

The guy wire BD exerts on the telephone pole AC a force P directed along
BD. Knowing that P must have a 720-N component perpendicular to the pole
AC, determine (a) the magnitude of the force P, (b) its component along line
AC.

SOLUTION

37
(a) P P
12 x
37
 (720 N)
12
 2220 N

P  2.22 kN ◀◀

35
(b) Py  P
12 x
35
 (720 N)
12
 2100 N
Py  2.10 kN ◀◀

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