Peshawar Model School Nowshera Campus
Subject: G. Science
Class: 7th
Prepared by: Iqra Ameer
Unit # 01
SHORT Question/Answers
Question # 01
What are the main Causes of pollution?
Answer:
The main Causes of pollution are;
1. Emission of harmful gases and dust from factories.
2. pollution from power and automobiles
3. Sewage etc.
Question No: 02
Differentiate between primary and secondary consumers
Answer:
Primary Consumers:
The organisms that feed on primary producers
Secondary Consumers
The organisms that feed on primary Consumers.
Question No 3:
What is mutualism? Give some examples
Answer:
Mutualism is a type of relationship in which two organisms of different
species work together in ecosystem
Example:
Honey Guide, humans etc.
Question No 04:
Enlist the ways to control air pollution
Answer:
Air pollution can be controlled by the removal of pollutants from
incomprehensible.
Question No 05:
Why sewage water must be treated before releasing it into Stream?
Answer:
Sewage water contain harmful Substances, therefore, it must be treated before
releasing it into Stream.
Question No 06
How can you grow plants of warm area in a region with low environmental
temperatures?
Answer:
To grow plants of warm area in a region having low temperature, we have to
adjust the space with greenhouse effect.
Long Question / Answers
Question No 01
Explain carbon cycle and find the reasons for gradual increase of carbon dioxide in
atmosphere?
Answer:
Carbon Cycle:
The rapid exchange of carbon among living things and atmosphere is called
carbon cycle.
Following are the reasons for gradual increase of CO2 are in atmosphere
1) Combustion of fossil fuel.
2) Cutting down of trees.
3) Over population.
4) Increase in use of automobiles.
5) Death and decay of organic matter.
Question No 02
How positive activities of humans can help to restore an ecosystem?
Answer:
The following are the main positive activities of human that can help restore an
ecosystem:
1) Reforestation-
2) Afforestation.
3) Use of natural fertilizer.
4) Control pollution
5) Recycling.
Unit # 04
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Short Questions/Answer
Question No 01
What could be the advantages of microbes produced dyes over synthetic dyes?
Answer:
Microbial dyes are non-toxic and non-allergic making them more better than
synthetic dyes for human use.
Question No 02.
Give the advantages of using biodegradable plastic?
Answer:
1) It has less carbon emissions
2) It takes less energy consumption
3) It releases fewer harmful substances.
Question No 03
What is the significance of fermented food?
Answer:
The significance of fermented food is that they provide and preserve food in a
wide diversity
Question No 04.
How biotechnology can transform the way of treating diseases?
Answer:
Biotechnology can transform the way of treating diseases by,
1) Diagnosis of disease
2) Better vaccine
3) Gene therapy etc.
Question No 05
What could be the best solution to mineral deficiency diseases in third world
countries?
Answer:
The best solution to mineral deficiency disease in third world countries is to
adding nutrients directly to soil.
Long Questions/Answer
Question No 1:
Explain how biotechnology is helping to solve issues of food shortage?
Answer:
1) Biotechnology helps to solve issues of food shortage by enhancing food production
2) Nutrition are improvement in livestock and plants using different techniques of
biotechnology Such as tissue culture and genetic engineering.
Question No 2:
What are the applications of biotechnology?
Answer:
1) Biotechnology has played an important role in improving agriculture yield.
2) Herbicides and pesticides are used to eliminate weeds.
3) Proteins in food may be modified to increase their quality.
4) It improves the taste, texture and appearance of food.
5) High yield of milk and meat can be produced through biotechnology.
Unit # 06
Chemical Reactions
AND Bonding
Short Questions/Answer
Question No 01
What is chemical reaction? Give two examples,
Answer:
Chemical Reaction:
The process of formation of chemical compound is called chemical reaction
Example: Lime stone, carbon dioxide etc.
C + O2 CO2
2H2 + O2 2H2O
Question No 02:
State the law of Conservation of mass?
Answer:
According to law of conservation of mass:
Matter is neither created nor destroyed during reaction.
Question No 03
Define
1) Double Covalent bond
2) Triple covalent bond.
Answer:
1) The bond which is formed by mutual sharing of two electron is called double covalent
bond
2) The bond which is formed by mutual sharing of three electron is called triple covalent
bond
Long Questions/Answer
Question No 01
Discuss the formation of ionic bond with an example
Answer:
Ionic Bond:
The bond that is formed by complete transfer of electron is called an ionic bond.
Example
Formation of Sodium chloride or potassium chloride etc.
Question No 02
What are Covalent Bonds?
Answer:
Covalent bond:
The bond formed between two bonded atoms by Sharing of electrons is called covalent
bond
Types
There are three types of covalent bonds:-
1) Single Covalent bond.
2) Double covalent bond,
3) Triple Covalent bond.
Example
Consider the formation of covalent bond in hydrogen molecule. A hydrogen atom has a
single valence electron. Two hydrogen atoms share their valence electrons to form a diatomic
molecule.
Q3. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between methane and
oxygen?
Ans. CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Q4. Show formulation of NaCl by electron- dot and electron cross structure?
Ans.
Q5. Show the formulation of Mgo by electron dot and electron cross structure?
(Atomic number Mg=12, O=8)
Q6.Define the following
a.Double covalent bond
Definition
Ans. The covalent bond which is formed by mutual sharing of two electron pairs
between two atoms is called as double covalent bond.
Representation:
It is represented by double lines (=).
Examples
(i) O2 (ii) CO2 etc.
b. Triple covalent bond
Definition
The covalent bond which is formed by mutual sharing of three electron pairs between
two atoms is called as triple covalent bond
Representation:
It is represented by triple line
Example
(i) N2 (ii) C2 H2 etc.
Q7. What is a double displacement reaction? Give one example.
Definition:
A chemical reactions in which two atoms or groups of atoms exchange places and
form new compounds is called double displacement reaction
Example:
When Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) solution is added to sodium chloride solution, a double
displacement reaction occurs and new compounds silver Chloride and sodium nitrate
are formed.
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
Q8. Give one example of for each of the following reaction/
Ans. Combustion:
When Coil burns in air it produce carbon dioxide.
C(s) +O(g) CO2 (g)
Combination:
Carbon combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide
Displacement:
Zinc can displace hydrogen from acids
Zn(s) H2 SO4 ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
Q9. Give one example of each of the following from daily life.
Ans (a). Exothermic reaction
Example:
The heat released during respiration, not only keeps us warm but also provides energy
for our normal functions.
(b) Endothermic reaction
Example
When cake dough is heated in an oven, an endothermic reaction occurs heat absorbed
changes cake dough into a fluffy and delicious material.
Q10. Show the formation of covalent bonds between hydrogen and chlorine
Ans. Formation of hydrogen chloride
Unit-10
Electricity and Magnetism
Short Questions/Answers
Question-01
Why does an electrical device need two conducting paths from a voltage source to
operate?
Answers
We need two wires because when we connect an electronic device to a battery.
Question-02
Why do wires usually warm up when an electric current passes through them?
Answers
Wires usually warm up when electric current passes through then because the wire is
having electrical resistance which means that they resist the motion of electron, the
electron pump into atoms on outside of the wire and some of kinetic energy given to
the atom is thermal energy. This thermal energy causes the wire to heat up.
Question-03
Explain why is it dangerous if we use hair dryer in a bathtub?
Answers
It is dangerous to use hair dryer in a bathtub because the water provides a conductive
path for current, which heats the metal cover of the appliance and can cause burns. It
can cause really a big damage to the body.
Long Question/Answers
Question-01
What is resistance and in what units we measures resistance?
Answers
1. It is defined as a measure of the opposition to flow of current in an electrical
circuit.
2. Resistance is measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega ().
Question-02
What is electromagnetic? Explain their uses in daily life.
Answers
3. Electromagnets are used as components of other electrical devices
4. It is used in scientific instruments and magnetic separation in MRI equipment.
Unit-12
Our Universe
Short Questions/Answers
Question-01
Why are distances in space often measured in light years?
Answers
The light year is used to measure distances in space because due to large distances it
cannot be measured briefly.
Question-02
Is our sun is motion in space?
Answers
Yes, the sun does not move in space rather the sun and entire solar system revolve
around the center of our own galaxy the Milky Way.
Question-03
What is the source of our sun’s energy?
Answers
The source of the sun’s energy is nuclear fusion reaction between hydrogen and
helium.
Question-05
Why will the sun not become a black hole?
Answers
The sun will not become a black hole because the sun would need to be about 20 times
more massive to end its life as black hole
Long Question/Answers
Question-01
What are galaxies? Explain different types of galaxies.
Answers
5. A galaxy is a huge collection of gas, dust, and billions of stars and their solar
system, all held together by gravity.
6. There are three main types of galaxies: spiral, elliptical, and irregular.
7. Spiral galaxies have a central large bulge with a flattened surrounding disk with
arms.
8. Elliptical galaxies have semi-spherical or elliptical shapes. In addition irregular
galaxies lack structure and organized shape.
