ATOMIC

STRUCTURE
A guide for GCSE students

2010
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING SPECIFICATIONS
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
INTRODUCTION
This Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help students
understand selected GCSE Chemistry topics. It is based on the requirements
of the AQA specification but is suitable for other examination boards.
Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes and
it can also prove useful for classroom teaching with an interactive white
board.
Accompanying notes on this, and the full range of AS and A2 Chemistry
topics, are available from the KNOCKHARDY SCIENCE WEBSITE at...

www.knockhardy.org.uk/gcse.htm

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ATOMIC STRUCTURE
CONTENTS
• Rutherford’s experiment
• Structure of atoms
• Mass number and atomic number
• Atoms and ions
• Isotopes
• Electronic structures of the first 20 elements
 THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS

Atoms have a small central nucleus, which is

made up of protons and neutrons.

Around the nucleus are the electrons.

Because electrons weigh very much less than

protons and neutrons, most of the mass of an
atom is concentrated in its nucleus.
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT

Many scientists thought atoms were solid like a ‘plum pudding’.

Ernest Rutherford wanted to find out what atoms were like.

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT

ALPHA ()
PARTICLES

GOLD
ATOMS

Many scientists thought atoms were solid like a ‘plum pudding’.

Ernest Rutherford wanted to find out what atoms were like.

He fired positively charged ALPHA PARTICLES (helium nuclei) at a

very thin sheet of gold and detected what happened to their path.
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT

ALPHA () MOST WENT

STRAIGHT
PARTICLES THROUGH

MOST WENT STRAIGHT THROUGH MOST OF AN ATOM IS SPACE

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT

ALPHA ()
PARTICLES

SOME WERE
DEFLECTED

SOME WERE DEFLECTED NUCLEUS IS POSITIVELY CHARGED

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT

ALPHA ()
PARTICLES VERY FEW
BOUNCED
STRAIGHT
BACK

VERY FEW BOUNCED STRAIGHT BACK NUCLEUS IS RELATIVELY SMALL

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT

MOST WENT
STRAIGHT
ALPHA ()
THROUGH
PARTICLES
VERY FEW
BOUNCED
STRAIGHT
SOME WERE
BACK
DEFLECTED

SUMMARY
MOST WENT STRAIGHT THROUGH MOST OF AN ATOM IS SPACE

SOME WERE DEFLECTED NUCLEUS IS POSITIVELY CHARGED

VERY FEW BOUNCED STRAIGHT BACK NUCLEUS IS RELATIVELY SMALL

 THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS

The three important particles found in atoms are…

Relative Relative
Particle Where it is found
mass charge

PROTON

NEUTRON

ELECTRON

Atoms have a small central nucleus, which is made up of protons

and neutrons and around which there are electrons.
 THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS

The three important particles found in atoms are…

Relative Relative
Particle Where it is found
mass charge

PROTON

NEUTRON

ELECTRON
 THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS

The three important particles found in atoms are…

Relative Relative
Particle Where it is found
mass charge

PROTON NUCLEUS 1 +1
 THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS

The three important particles found in atoms are…

Relative Relative
Particle Where it is found
mass charge

PROTON NUCLEUS 1 +1
NEUTRON NUCLEUS 1 0
 THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS

The three important particles found in atoms are…

Relative Relative
Particle Where it is found
mass charge

PROTON NUCLEUS 1 +1
NEUTRON NUCLEUS 1 0
IN SHELLS Negligble
ELECTRON AROUND THE ‘Very small’ -1
NUCLEUS
 THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS - Summary

The three important particles found in atoms are…

Relative Relative
Particle Where it is found
mass charge

PROTON NUCLEUS 1 +1
NEUTRON NUCLEUS 1 0
IN SHELLS Negligble
ELECTRON AROUND THE ‘Very small’ -1
NUCLEUS
 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Symbol Atoms of an element are given a symbol

Some have one capital letter H, N, O, P, K

Some have two letters, the first He, Na, Mg Cu

one being a capital

Recently discovered high atomic Unh

number elements have been given
symbols with three letters
 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Symbol Atoms of an element are given a symbol

Some have one capital letter H, N, O, P, K

Some have two letters, the first He, Na, Mg Cu

one being a capital

Recently discovered high atomic Unh

number elements have been given
symbols with three letters

When necessary, the atomic number and the

mass number can be written alongside the symbol
 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

23
Na
11

When necessary, the atomic number and the

mass number can be written alongside the symbol
 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number (A)

PROTONS + NEUTRONS

23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number (A)

PROTONS + NEUTRONS

23
Na
11
THESE ALWAYS GO
Atomic Number (Z) TOGETHER – ANYTHING
PROTONS WITH 11 PROTONS MUST
BE SODIUM
 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number (A)

PROTONS + NEUTRONS

23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number (A) THERE WILL BE 12 NEUTRONS

PROTONS + NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS

23 – 11 = 12
23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number (A)

PROTONS + NEUTRONS

23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
ATOMS AND IONS
 ATOMS AND IONS

ATOMS SAME NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AS PROTONS

IONS DIFFERENT NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS

 ATOMS AND IONS

ATOMS SAME NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AS PROTONS

IONS DIFFERENT NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS

PROTONS 6 11 16 17 20
ELECTRONS 6 10 16 18 18
ATOM or ION?
 ATOMS AND IONS

ATOMS SAME NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AS PROTONS

IONS DIFFERENT NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS

PROTONS 6 11 16 17 20
ELECTRONS 6 10 16 18 18
ATOM or ION? ATOM ION ATOM ION ION
 ATOMS AND IONS

ATOMS SAME NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AS PROTONS

IONS DIFFERENT NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS

THE CHARGE ON AN ION DEPENDS ON THE RELATIVE

NUMBERS OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS
 ATOMS AND IONS

ATOMS SAME NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AS PROTONS

IONS DIFFERENT NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS

THE CHARGE ON AN ION DEPENDS ON THE RELATIVE

NUMBERS OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS

MORE ELECTRONS THAN PROTONS NEGATIVE

FEWER ELECTRONS THAN PROTONS POSITIVE
 ATOMS AND IONS

ATOMS SAME NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AS PROTONS

IONS DIFFERENT NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS

THE CHARGE ON AN ION DEPENDS ON THE RELATIVE

NUMBERS OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS

MORE ELECTRONS THAN PROTONS NEGATIVE

FEWER ELECTRONS THAN PROTONS POSITIVE
 ATOMS AND IONS

ATOMS SAME NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AS PROTONS

IONS DIFFERENT NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS

THE CHARGE ON AN ION DEPENDS ON THE RELATIVE

NUMBERS OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS

MORE ELECTRONS THAN PROTONS NEGATIVE

FEWER ELECTRONS THAN PROTONS POSITIVE

PROTONS 6 11 16 17 20
ELECTRONS 6 10 16 18 18
ATOM or ION? ATOM ION ATOM ION ION

CHARGE
 ATOMS AND IONS

ATOMS SAME NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AS PROTONS

IONS DIFFERENT NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS

THE CHARGE ON AN ION DEPENDS ON THE RELATIVE

NUMBERS OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS

MORE ELECTRONS THAN PROTONS NEGATIVE

FEWER ELECTRONS THAN PROTONS POSITIVE

PROTONS 6 11 16 17 20
ELECTRONS 6 10 16 18 18
ATOM or ION? ATOM ION ATOM ION ION

CHARGE Neutral + Neutral - 2+

 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Atomic Mass
Protons Neutrons Electrons Charge Symbol
Number Number

A 19 21 19

B 20 0 40

C + 11 23

D 6 6 0

E 92 0 235

F 6 13

G 16 2- 16

H 27
Al3+
 MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Atomic Mass
Protons Neutrons Electrons Charge Symbol
Number Number

A 19 21 19 0 19 40 40
K

B 20 20 20 0 20 40 40
Ca

C 11 12 10 + 11 23 23
Na+

D 6 6 6 0 6 12 12
C

E 92 143 92 0 92 235 235

U

F 6 7 6 0 6 13 13
C

G 16 16 18 2- 16 32 32
S2-

H 13 14 10 3+ 13 27 27
Al3+
ISOTOPES
 ISOTOPES

Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of

neutrons.

These atoms are called ISOTOPES of that element.

 ISOTOPES

Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of

neutrons.

These atoms are called ISOTOPES of that element.

Isotopes of an element have SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS

DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS
 ISOTOPES

Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of

neutrons.

These atoms are called ISOTOPES of that element.

Isotopes of an element have SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS

DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS

or put another way SAME ATOMIC NUMBER

DIFFERENT MASS NUMBER
 ISOTOPES

Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of

neutrons.

These atoms are called ISOTOPES of that element.

Isotopes of an element have SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS

DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS

or put another way SAME ATOMIC NUMBER

DIFFERENT MASS NUMBER

ISOTOPES HAVE SIMILAR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN

1 2

1
H 1
H
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN

1 2

1
H 1
H
ATOMIC NUMBER
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN

1 2

1
H 1
H
ATOMIC NUMBER 1 1
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN

1 2

1
H 1
H
ATOMIC NUMBER 1 1
MASS NUMBER
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN

1 2

1
H 1
H
ATOMIC NUMBER 1 1
MASS NUMBER 1 2
PROTONS
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN

1 2

1
H 1
H
ATOMIC NUMBER 1 1
MASS NUMBER 1 2
PROTONS 1 1
NEUTRONS
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN

1 2

1
H 1
H
ATOMIC NUMBER 1 1
MASS NUMBER 1 2
PROTONS 1 1
NEUTRONS 0 1
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF CHLORINE

35 37

17
Cl 17
Cl
ATOMIC NUMBER
MASS NUMBER
PROTONS
NEUTRONS
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF CHLORINE

35 37

17
Cl 17
Cl
ATOMIC NUMBER 17 17
MASS NUMBER 35 37
PROTONS 17 17
NEUTRONS 18 20
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF CHLORINE

35 37

17
Cl 17
Cl
ATOMIC NUMBER 17 17
MASS NUMBER 35 37
PROTONS 17 17
NEUTRONS 18 20

ABUNDANCE
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF CHLORINE

35 37

17
Cl 17
Cl
ATOMIC NUMBER 17 17
MASS NUMBER 35 37
PROTONS 17 17
NEUTRONS 18 20

ABUNDANCE 75% 25%

 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF CHLORINE

35 37

17
Cl 17
Cl
ATOMIC NUMBER 17 17
MASS NUMBER 35 37
PROTONS 17 17
NEUTRONS 18 20

ABUNDANCE 75% 25%

RATIO
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF CHLORINE

35 37

17
Cl 17
Cl
ATOMIC NUMBER 17 17
MASS NUMBER 35 37
PROTONS 17 17
NEUTRONS 18 20

ABUNDANCE 75% 25%

RATIO 3 : 1
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF CHLORINE

35 37

17
Cl 17
Cl
ATOMIC NUMBER 17 17
MASS NUMBER 35 37
PROTONS 17 17
NEUTRONS 18 20

ABUNDANCE 75% 25%

RATIO 3 : 1

AVERAGE
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF CHLORINE

35 37

17
Cl 17
Cl
ATOMIC NUMBER 17 17
MASS NUMBER 35 37
PROTONS 17 17
NEUTRONS 18 20

ABUNDANCE 75% 25%

RATIO 3 : 1

AVERAGE MASS 35 + 35 + 35 + 37 =
4
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF CHLORINE

35 37

17
Cl 17
Cl
ATOMIC NUMBER 17 17
MASS NUMBER 35 37
PROTONS 17 17
NEUTRONS 18 20

ABUNDANCE 75% 25%

RATIO 3 : 1

AVERAGE MASS 35 + 35 + 35 + 37 = 35.5

4
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF CARBON

12 13 14

6
C 6
C 6
C
ATOMIC NUMBER 6 6 6
MASS NUMBER 12 13 14
PROTONS 6 6 6
NEUTRONS 6 7 8
 ISOTOPES
ISOTOPES OF CARBON

12 13 14

6
C 6
C 6
C
ATOMIC NUMBER 6 6 6
MASS NUMBER 12 13 14
PROTONS 6 6 6
NEUTRONS 6 7 8
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE

THE ARRANGEMENT OF
ELECTRONS IN ATOMS
OF THE FIRST TWENTY
ELEMENTS IN THE
PERIODIC TABLE
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
HYDROGEN
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
+

ATOMIC NUMBER 1
GROUP 1

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
1

• atoms have the same number of electrons as protons

• electrons are found in shells (energy levels) around the nucleus
• electrons are put into the lowest energy level first
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
HELIUM
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
2+

ATOMIC NUMBER 2
GROUP 0

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2

• the innermost shell can hold up to two electrons

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
LITHIUM
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
3+

ATOMIC NUMBER 3
GROUP 1

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,1

• each shell (energy level) can hold a maximum number of electrons

• the first one can only hold 2,so the next goes in the second shell
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
BERYLLIUM
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
4+

ATOMIC NUMBER 4
GROUP 2

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,2

• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
BORON
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
5+

ATOMIC NUMBER 5
GROUP 3

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,3

• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
CARBON
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
6+

ATOMIC NUMBER 6
GROUP 4

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,4

• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
NITROGEN
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
7+

ATOMIC NUMBER 7
GROUP 5

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,5

• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
OXYGEN
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
8+

ATOMIC NUMBER 8
GROUP 6

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,6

• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
FLUORINE
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
9+

ATOMIC NUMBER 9
GROUP 7

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,7

• the second shell is gradually filled up until it has eight electrons

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
NEON
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
10+

ATOMIC NUMBER 10
GROUP 0

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,8

• the second shell is now full

• full outer shells are characteristic of the unreactive NOBLE GASES
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
SODIUM
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
11+

ATOMIC NUMBER 11
GROUP 1

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,8,1

• as the second shell is full, electrons go into the third shell

• the third shell can hold up to a maximum of eight electrons
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
MAGNESIUM
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
12+

ATOMIC NUMBER 12
GROUP 2

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,8,2
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
ALUMINIUM
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
13+

ATOMIC NUMBER 13
GROUP 3

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,8,3
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
SILICON
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
14+

ATOMIC NUMBER 14
GROUP 4

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,8,4
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
PHOSPHORUS
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
15+

ATOMIC NUMBER 15
GROUP 5

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,8,5
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
SULPHUR (SULFUR)
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
16+

ATOMIC NUMBER 16
GROUP 6

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,8,6
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
CHLORINE
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
17+

ATOMIC NUMBER 17
GROUP 7

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,8,7
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
ARGON
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
18+

ATOMIC NUMBER 18
GROUP 0

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,8,8

• the third shell is now full

• full outer shells are characteristic of the unreactive NOBLE GASES
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
POTASSIUM
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
19+

ATOMIC NUMBER 19
GROUP 1

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,8,8,1

• as the third shell is full, electrons go into the fourth shell

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
CALCIUM
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
20+

ATOMIC NUMBER 20
GROUP 2

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
2,8,8,2
ATOMIC STRUCTURE

WHAT IS IT?
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
WHAT IS IT?
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
16+

ELECTRONS ?
PROTONS ?

ATOM / ION ?

ELEMENT ?

ANSWER ?
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
WHAT IS IT?
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
16+

ELECTRONS 16
PROTONS 16

ATOM / ION ATOM

ELEMENT SULPHUR

ANSWER S
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
WHAT IS IT?
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
19+

ELECTRONS ?
PROTONS ?

ATOM / ION ?

ELEMENT ?

ANSWER ?
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
WHAT IS IT?
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
19+

ELECTRONS 18
PROTONS 19

ATOM / ION POSITIVE ION

ELEMENT POTASSIUM

ANSWER K+
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
WHAT IS IT?
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
17+

ELECTRONS ?
PROTONS ?

ATOM / ION ?

ELEMENT ?

ANSWER ?
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
WHAT IS IT?
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
17+

ELECTRONS 18
PROTONS 17

ATOM / ION NEGATIVE ION

ELEMENT CHLORINE

ANSWER Cl¯
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
WHAT IS IT?
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
8+

ELECTRONS ?
PROTONS ?

ATOM / ION ?

ELEMENT ?

ANSWER ?
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
WHAT IS IT?
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
8+

ELECTRONS 10
PROTONS 8

ATOM / ION NEGATIVE ION

ELEMENT OXYGEN

ANSWER O2-
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
WHAT IS IT?
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
13+

ELECTRONS ?
PROTONS ?

ATOM / ION ?

ELEMENT ?

ANSWER ?
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
WHAT IS IT?
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca
13+

ELECTRONS 10
PROTONS 13

ATOM / ION POSITIVE ION

ELEMENT ALUMINIUM

ANSWER Al3+
 ATOMIC
STRUCTURE
THE END

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