Designation: D5362 − 13

Standard Test Method for

Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5362; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope D1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor
1.1 This test method determines the snagging resistance of a Coverings
fabric. D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated
1.2 Studies of fabric snagging have shown that this test Apparel Fabrics
method is suitable for a range of woven and knitted fabrics D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel,
made from textured or untextured filament yarns or spun yarns Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products
or combinations of these yarns.2,3 This test method is not D3939 Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics
suitable for (1) open construction fabrics (such as a net) (Mace)
because the pins in the test chamber will snag the bean bag D4467 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
rather than the specimen, (2) heavy or stiff fabrics that cannot Method That Produces Non-Normally Distributed Data
be made into a cover for the bean bag, and (3) tufted or (Withdrawn 2010)5
nonwoven fabrics because the apparatus is designed for woven D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
and knitted fabrics. Methods
1.3 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in 2.2 AATCC Standards:6
other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values 65 Test Method for Snag Resistance of Women’s Nylon
stated in each system may not be the exact equivalents; Hosiery (see Note 1)
therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, 135 Test Method for Dimensional Changes in Automatic
without combining values in any way. In case of referee Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
decisions the metric units will prevail.
NOTE 1—In 1988 the AATCC voted to withdraw this test method from
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the their technical manual; however, the ASTM task group on fabric snagging
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the decided it should be listed as an alternative for testing open construction
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- fabrics.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in Section 7. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
2. Referenced Documents method: color contrast, in textiles; distortion in fabrics;
2.1 ASTM Standards:4 protrusion, in fabrics; snag, in fabrics; snagging resistance, in
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles fabrics; refer to Terminology D4850.
3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D123.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, 4. Summary of Test Method
General.
Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
4.1 A fabric specimen is made into a cover for a bean bag.
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5362 – 03(2012). Then the specimen and bean bag unit is tumbled for 100
DOI: 10.1520/D5362-13. revolutions in a cylindrical test chamber fitted on its inner
2
Stuckey, W. C., and El Shiekh, A., “Snags in Snag Testing of Knits”, in Sense surface with rows of pins. The degree of fabric snagging is
and Nonsense in Knit Testing , American Association of Textile Chemists and
Colorists, 1975, pp. 45–53.
3
Cary, R. T., “Bean Bag Snag Tester: A System of Evaluation,” Textile Research
5
Journal, Vol 51, No. 2, 1981 , pp. 61–63. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visist the ASTM Web Site, www.astm.org, or www.astm.org.
6
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
the ASTM web site. www.aatcc.org.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 D5362 − 13
evaluated by (1) comparison of the tested specimens with 5.3.1 Some fabrics which may not be suitable for this test
visual rating standards that may be either snagged fabrics or method are described in 1.2. Many open construction fabrics
photographs of snagged fabrics, or (2) using a point system. can be tested for snagging resistance using AATCC Test
The resistance to snagging is rated on a numerical scale Method 65. Many heavy or stiff fabrics can be tested for
ranging from 5 (no or insignificant snagging) to 1 (very severe snagging resistance using Test Method D3939. The snagging
snagging). resistance of many pile floor coverings can be tested by Test
Method D1335.
5. Significance and Use 5.4 Because fabric snagging can be affected by laundering
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This test method may be used for or drycleaning, it may be advisable to test the snagging
acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabrics because resistance of a fabric before and after laundering or dryclean-
the precision is acceptable (see 15.1). ing.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be- 5.5 The snagging resistance of a specific fabric varies with
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more), individual wearers and general conditions of use. Therefore, it
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is can be expected that garments of the same fabric will show a
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical fairly wide snagging resistance spectrum after wear and much
assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a com- greater variation in wear than in replicate fabric specimens
parative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This factor should be
the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate considered when adopting levels of acceptability for any
results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal specification that includes snagging resistance.
number to each laboratory. The test results from the laborato-
ries involved should be compared using a statistical test for 5.6 Snags observed in worn garments vary appreciably in
unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing number and appearance. The appearance of a snag depends
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and particularly on (1) the degree of color contrast between the
corrected, or future test results for that material must be snag and the surrounding area of the fabric, or, (2) the
adjusted in consideration of the known bias. presence of long distortions or long protrusions. These condi-
tions are not evaluated when snagging is rated solely on the
5.2 This test method may be used for quality control testing number of snags. See Section 3 for a description of terminol-
of fabrics during manufacturing and product comparisons of ogy such as color contrast, distortion, and protrusion See Figs.
different fabrics by manufacturers, retailers, and users. This test 1-3 . Because the overall acceptability of a specific fabric is
method may also be used by researchers to examine the effect dependent on both the characteristics of the snags and other
of new fibers, yarns, fabric constructions, and finishes on the factors affecting fabric appearance, it is recommended that
snagging resistance of fabrics. fabrics tested in the laboratory be evaluated with regard to the
5.3 This test method may be used to test the snagging defects which may be visually observed and not rated solely on
resistance of most apparel and home furnishings fabrics. the number of snags developed. A series of visual rating
However, a different test method (see 5.3.1) may be needed for standards (see 6.7) may be set up to provide a basis for the
different types of fabrics and different end-uses (such as towels, ratings. The visual rating standards are most advantageous
swimwear, slacks, and upholstery). when the tested laboratory specimens correlate closely in

FIG. 1 A Snagged Specimen With Many Protrusion But No Dis-

tortions

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 D5362 − 13

FIG. 4 The Bean Bag Snag Tester With Two Test Chambers
FIG. 2 A Snag That Includes Both a Protrusion and a Distortion

a snagging basket which is a removable framework of eight

baffle bars attached at each end to plastic disks. Each baffle bar
has a series of nine pins protruding from it. Each baffle bar is
locked in the plastic disks so that when a baffle bar is exactly
at the bottom of the cylinder, an angle of 0.5 6 0.1 rad or 30
6 5° exists between the pins on that baffle bar and a theoretical
horizontal line passing through the end of the baffle bar.
6.1.1 Bean Bags7, filled with shot and each weighing 450 6
10 g or 1.0 6 0.02 lb. A minimum of two bean bags is required,
but six bean bags are suggested for efficiency.
6.2 Specimen Template, made of approximately 2 mm or 0.1
in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with dimensions of 215
mm by 115 mm or 8.5 in. by 4.5 in.
6.3 Sewing Machine, with a sewing needle that is appropri-
ate for the fabric being tested for snagging resistance, or
6.4 Sharps Hand Sewing Needle.
6.5 Sewing Thread, cotton, Tex ticket 35 to 50, or equivalent
FIG. 3 A Snagged Specimen With Color Contrasts (Yarn Shifted
from Dark Area to Light Area
polyester and cotton.
6.6 Standard Calibration Fabric, having an established
appearance with fabrics from a wear test; for example when snagging resistance rating that has been agreed upon by the
tested laboratory specimens and fabrics from a wear test show purchaser and the supplier. (No standard calibration fabric has
similar color contrasts. In the preceding example, a series of been specified by Subcommittee D13.59.)
fabrics from the wear test would be a good choice for the fabric 6.7 Visual Rating Standards (for Option A):
standards described in 6.7.2. Also a point rating system may be 6.7.1 Photographic Standards, a series of photographs of
used that considers the number of the snags and the appearance tested specimens that show the degrees of snagging, such as the
of the snags. (See 13 for additional information about snags, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) photographs,8 or
protrusions, distortions, and color contrasts. Also, see Figs. 6.7.2 Fabric Standards, a series of tested specimens or
1-3). fabrics from a wear test that show the degrees of snagging (see
5.6 and Note 2).
6. Apparatus and Materials
NOTE 2—Fabric standards should be stored and handled under condi-
6.1 Bean Bag Snag Tester7, as shown in Fig. 4. Each tions that will preserve their original form and appearance. Mount the
rotating cylinder (2.1 6 0.3 rad/s or 20 6 3 r/min) is fitted with fabric standards using white poster board, plastic or metal framing.

7 8
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is (SDL Atlas LLC, 1813A Associated Lane, Charlotte, NC 28271). If you are aware is (SDL Atlas LLC, 1813A Associated Lane, Charlotte, NC 28271). If you are aware
of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee. technical committee.

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 D5362 − 13
6.8 Equipment for Fabric Evaluation for Option A, for photographic standards will need a mask with corresponding
illumination and simultaneous viewing of specimens and visual outer dimensions. All photographic standard viewing masks
rating standards: must have the same center cutout viewing dimensions as the
6.8.1 Apparatus for Fabric Evaluation: specimen viewing mask.
6.8.1.1 Viewing Cabinet9, (see Fig. 5) having a light source 6.8.1.4 Fabric Standard Viewing Mask (White), made of
of sufficient brightness to illuminate snags on the surface of a approximately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or
fabric. metal and with the outer dimensions the same as the dimen-
6.8.1.2 Specimen Viewing Mask (White), made of approxi- sions of the fabric standard (see 6.7.2) and a center cutout of 75
mately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in.
outer dimensions of 100 mm by 100 mm or 4 in. by 4 in. and 6.9 Equipment for Fabric Evaluation for Option B, for
a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in. illumination and viewing of specimens:
6.8.1.3 Photographic Standard Viewing Mask (White), 6.9.1 Desk Lamp, having a light source of sufficient bright-
made of approximately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, ness to illuminate snags on the surface of a fabric.
plastic or metal with outer dimensions of 130 mm by 95 mm or 6.9.2 Specimen Viewing Mask (White), made of approxi-
5.2 in. by 3.8 in. and a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3 mately 2 mm or 0.1 in. thick poster board, plastic or metal with
in. by 3 in. The dimensions of this mask are for photographic outer dimensions of 100 mm by 100 mm or 4 in. by 4 in. and
standards (see 6.7.1) which have outer dimensions of 130 mm a center cutout of 75 mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in.
by 95 mm or 5.2 in. by 3.8 in. in size. Larger or smaller
6.10 Optional Equipment:
6.10.1 Tumble Dryer, as described in AATCC Test
9
Method 135.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Standard Scientific Supply Company, 601 West Market Street, Bethlehem, PA
6.10.2 Washing Machine, as described in AATCC Test
18018-5208. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informa- Method 135.
tion to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a 6.10.3 Detergent, heavy duty granule, the 1993 AATCC
meeting of the responsible technical committee. Standard Reference Detergent as described in AATCC Test
Method 135. When agreed upon by the purchaser and the
supplier a substitute detergent that does not include fabric
softener or bleach may be used.
6.10.4 Equivalent for Drycleaning Specimens, as described
in Test Methods D2724.

7. Hazards
7.1 Locate the bean bag snag tester in a low-traffic area
because of the danger from the exposed rotating cylinders.
7.2 Check that both the plastic disks and the ports are secure
by making sure the front disks are flush with the front rims of
the cylinders and by hand-tightening the screws that secure the
ports.
7.3 Wear protective gloves when examining the pins or
removing debris from the cylinders as described in 11.1.
7.4 Observe the following safety precautions when operat-
ing the tester: (1) do not wear loose or dangling clothing that
can get caught in the pins or moving parts, (2) do not attempt
to load or unload the chambers while the cylinders are rotating,
and (3) do not injure your hands on the sharp pins when placing
specimens in the chambers.

8. Sampling
Metric Equivalents 8.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take
in. mm in. mm at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an
1⁄32 1 8 203 applicable material specification or other agreement between
0.7 18 81⁄2 215 the purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be the
2 50 12 305 primary sampling units.
4 100 15 380
6 1⁄ 4 159 211⁄4 540 8.2 Laboratory Sample Unit—As a laboratory sampling unit
65⁄16 160 37 940
7 1⁄ 2 190 40 1020
for acceptance testing, take a full width swatch 1 m or 1 yd
long from the end of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after
FIG. 5 Apparatus for Fabric Evaluation first discarding the outermost layer of fabric. When laundering

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 D5362 − 13
and drycleaning tests are to be performed, take additional relative humidity (see Practice D1776), for a minimum of 4
swatches for the laundering and drycleaning tests. hours before testing. While this conditioning does not neces-
8.3 Specimens—Test three specimens from each swatch. sarily result in equilibrium moisture content in the specimens,
When drycleaning and laundering tests are to be performed, it is deemed adequate for the purposes of this test method.
test three additional specimens for drycleaning and three 11. Calibration of the Apparatus
additional specimens for laundering.
11.1 Open the port for each cylinder. Using protective
9. Preparation of the Specimens gloves, pull the two snagging baskets (unit with pins) straight
out of the cylinders by pulling on the inside rim of each plastic
9.1 When snagging resistance after laundering or dryclean- disk. Examine the pins for barbs, roughness and other damage,
ing is to be evaluated, launder or dryclean swatches as directed and replace any damaged parts. Remove any fibers, yarns, and
in 9.1.1 or 9.1.2 before cutting the specimens. other debris from the cylinders.
9.1.1 Laundering—Load the washer with a 3.5 kg or 8 lb
total load of swatches that comprise a homogeneous load (for 11.2 Reinsert the two snagging baskets inside the cylinders,
example, same manufacturer, same line, same finishing, and align the hole in the rear of each plastic disk with the latching
same previous care) or a homogeneous group of swatches for pin on the back wall of each cylinder, and make sure the front
testing and a desized unsoftened group of ballast fabrics. Select disks are flush with the front rims of the cylinders. Check the
normal cycle, warm water temperature, and the 1993 AATCC location of the snagging baskets periodically to be sure the
Standard Reference Detergent (see Terminology D3136, and front disks are flush with the front rims of the cylinders.
AATCC Test Method 135). Run one machine cycle and do not 11.3 Check the operation of the snagging tester with a
use softener. Load the dryer with the washed fabrics. Select standard calibration fabric (see 6.6). Test three specimens of
normal cycle, medium temperature, and run the dryer for 20 the standard calibration fabric using the procedures described
min or until the fabrics are dry to the touch. Do not use softener in Sections 9-13. Run three more specimens if the overall
in the dryer. Do not overdry the fabrics (see Note 3). average obtained on the standard calibration fabric is not
NOTE 3—When agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier, other
within 6 0.5 rating units of the established snagging resistance
laundering and drycleaning procedures may be used. rating. Continue testing if the overall average of this second set
of specimens is within limits. Install new snagging baskets or
9.1.2 Drycleaning—Follow the procedure in Test Methods
new baffle bars with new pins if the second set of specimens is
D2724 (see Note 3).
not within limits. Repeat checking the value of the standard
9.2 Using the specimen template (see 6.2), cut three speci- calibration fabric until the overall average of a set of specimens
mens 215 mm by 115 mm or 8.5 in. by 4.5 in. with the is within the required limits.
lengthwise (machine) direction of the fabric parallel to the long
11.4 Perform steps 11.1-11.3 after 200 specimens have been
dimension of the specimens (see Note 4). Do not take speci-
exposed to the snagging action in each cylinder.
mens nearer the selvage than one tenth the width of the fabric.
If possible, randomize the specimens in a manner such that no 12. Procedure
two specimens contain the same set of yarns. 12.1 Test all specimens in the standard atmosphere for
NOTE 4—A study2 of the bean bag snag tester indicated that the random testing textiles, which is 21 6 1 °C (70 6 2 °F) and 656 2 %
tumbling action does not result in a strong directional effect for the fabrics relative humidity.
that were tested. Due to the absence of a strong directional effect, it is not
necessary to test both lengthwise and widthwise specimens. 12.2 Insert a bean bag into the specimen with the seamed
9.2.1 Similarly cut specimens from laundered or drycleaned end of the bean bag against the folded end of the specimen.
swatches when required. Using a minimum of 0.4 stitches per millimetre or 10 stitches
per inch, machine or hand sew a seam across the open end of
9.3 Fold each specimen in half by placing the two short ends the specimen 6.5 mm or 0.25 in. from the open end of the
together. After folding, the surface to be tested for snagging specimen. Trim the edge of the specimen so no more than 3
resistance is on the inside of the folded specimen, and the size mm or 0.13 in. of fabric extends past this seam.
of the folded specimen is 107 mm by 115 mm or 4.2 in. by 4.5
in. 12.3 Inspect the specimen for the presence of any blemish
such as accidental snags, pills, etc., which could affect the
9.4 Using a minimum of 0.4 stitches per millimetre or 10 ratings for snagging resistance. If possible replace any blem-
stitches per inch, machine or hand sew a seam approximately ished specimen with a new specimen. If it is not possible to
6.5 mm or 0.25 in. from the edge of each of the 107 mm or 4.2 replace the specimen (for example, the specimens pilled during
in. sides of each of the folded specimens to form “socks.” laundering), record the fact and exclude the blemish when the
9.5 Turn each specimen inside out to expose the surface for specimen is evaluated for snagging resistance.
testing. 12.4 With the “operate” switch in the “off” position, open
the ports of the cylindrical test chambers and place one
10. Conditioning specimen in each chamber. Place the specimen in the bottom of
10.1 Preconditioning is not necessary. Place all the speci- the chamber with the visible seam at the top of the specimen
mens and bean bags (see 6.1.1) in the standard atmosphere for (uppermost). Be careful not to accidentally snag the specimens
testing textiles, which is 21 6 1 °C (70 6 2 °F) and 65 6 2 % or injure your hand.

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 D5362 − 13
12.5 Close the ports and tighten the screws that secure the NOTE 6—The ICI photographic snagging standards were developed for
ports. Test Method D3939, but these standards can be used to evaluate the results
of the bean bag test method. The standards consist of a set of 9
12.6 Set the revolution counter to 100. photoreplicas in which the intermediate rating is indicated as 3-4, 2-3, etc.
In the ICI photographic snagging standards, the number of protrusions in
12.7 Place the operate switch to “on” and allow the machine each masked photoreplica are as follows: rating 5 has no protrusions,
to run until the buzzer sounds. Then place the operate switch to rating 4-5 has 5 protrusions, rating 4 has 10 protrusions, rating 3-4 has 15
“off.” protrusions, rating 3 has 25 protrusions, rating 2-3 has 45 protrusions,
rating 2 has 60 protrusions, rating 1-2 has 80 protrusions, and rating 1 has
12.8 Remove the specimens from the chambers being care- 110 protrusions. Because the ICI standards differ only in the number of
ful not to accidentally snag the specimens. Remove the thread protrusions, it is recommended that appearance changes such as color
from the visible seam of the specimen. If this is not possible, contrasts also be reported (see 13.2.6).
cut this seam off the specimen with scissors without damaging 13.2.1 Place a specimen on the sample holder of the
the bean bag. Cut the specimen within a distance of 3 mm or apparatus for fabric evaluation (see Fig. 5) with the folded edge
0.13 in. of the seam. Remove the bean bag from the specimen. of the specimen touching the base (the base is the board
12.9 Repeat steps 12.2-12.8 for the remaining untested touching the table) of the apparatus. Holding the top portion of
specimens. the specimen against the sample holder to keep the specimen
from slipping down, place the specimen viewing mask (see
13. Evaluation 6.8.1.2) so it also touches the base of the apparatus. Align the
sides of the specimen and the sides of the mask so they are
13.1 General—Choose Option A or Option B to evaluate the parallel and align the center of the specimen so it is in the
tested specimens (see Note 5). See 13.1.1 through 13.1.4 for center of the mask. If either the specimen or the mask slip,
general information about snags, protrusions, distortions, and place a flat object such as a ruler on the base to keep both the
color contrasts. specimen and mask flat against the sample holder (see Note 7).
NOTE 5—In Test Method D5362 there may be no overall correlation Straighten the specimen so there are no wrinkles (a piece of
between the results obtained with Option A and with Option B, because poster board, plastic or metal can be inserted inside the
the options are based on different criteria. Option A is a modification of the specimen to reduce the number of wrinkles). Hold the speci-
mace test method evaluation system described in Test Method D3939. men viewing mask against the specimen to minimize the
Option B is a modification of the evaluation system described in a research
study.3
shadow cast by the mask with respect to its angle to the light
source. Place the photographic standard or the fabric standard
13.1.1 For the purpose of this test method, a snag is created that matches the degree of snagging observed on the specimen
when an object pulls, plucks, scratches, or drags a group of next to the specimen and place the photographic standard
fibers, a yarn, or a yarn segment from its normal pattern. Snags viewing mask over the photographic standard, or place the
can be classified into three types: (1) snags that have a fabric standard viewing mask over the fabric standard (see
protrusion and no distortion, (2) snags that have a distortion Note 7).
and no protrusion, and (3) snags that have both a protrusion
and a distortion. NOTE 7—The purpose of the specimen mask is to cover the areas of the
specimen near the two side seams and the folded edge so a flat area of 75
13.1.2 For the purpose of this test method, a protrusion is a mm by 75 mm or 3 in. by 3 in. can be viewed. The purpose of the
visible group of fibers, a yarn, or a yarn segment that extends photographic standard viewing mask and the fabric standard viewing
above the fabric surface, mask is to show a flat area which is the same size as the area shown by
13.1.3 For the purpose of this test method, a distortion is the specimen mask.
characterized by a group of fibers, a yarn, or a yarn segment 13.2.2 After turning the light on in the apparatus for fabric
that is displaced from its normal pattern so that there is a evaluation (see Fig. 5), rate the area of one side of the specimen
visible change in the texture of the fabric; however, the using the following scale (see Note 8).
displaced group of fibers, yarn, or yarn segment does not 5 no or insignificant snagging
extend above the fabric surface. Distortions include conditions 4 slight snagging
where (1) tension on a snagged yarn has changed the size of 3 moderate snagging
2 severe snagging
some of the loops within a knitted fabric and the result is a 1 very severe snagging
pucker on the surface of the fabric, and (2) tension on a
snagged yarn has caused the yarn to break off within a woven For rating number 5, insignificant snagging means a few
fabric and the result is a change in the texture where the yarn snags are present (approximately 1 to 4 snags are present). The
used to be. ICI snagging standards have photographs showing intermedi-
ate values (see Note 6). For standards that do not have
13.1.4 For the purpose of this test method, a color contrast
intermediate values, an intermediate value can be assigned
is a visible color difference between a snag and the immediate
when the appearance of a specimen falls roughly equidistant
surrounding area of the fabric that has no defects. Color
between that of two whole number rating standards.
contrasts often occur when printed fabrics are snagged.
13.2 Option A. Using suitable photographic snagging stan- NOTE 8—Fabric standards assembled from tested specimens or a wear
test, representing the level of snagging equivalent to each of the five rating
dards such as the ICI snagging standards (see Note 6)8, or using steps, are valuable as a reference to ensure uniformity in rating. Individual
suitable fabric standards, rate the degree of snagging according laboratories can have available fabric rating standards for each type of
to the following procedure. fabric of particular interest. When rating the specimens, the rater’s eyes

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 D5362 − 13
must be approximately 300 mm or 12 in. from the fabric surface. This is point system; however, a distortion that originates from under
the rating distance used in the apparatus for fabric evaluation and the point the mask and extends into the rating area should be counted
system in Option B.
because it is a defect in the rating area.
13.2.3 Turn the specimen over, place the specimen and 13.3.3 Turn the specimen over, place the specimen viewing
specimen viewing mask on the sample holder as directed in mask on the specimen as directed in 13.3.1, and total the
13.2.1, and rate the area of the specimen within the center of number of points on this side as directed in 13.3.2.
the mask as directed in 13.2.2. To the nearest 0.5 scale unit, 13.3.4 Combine the points from both sides of the specimen.
average the two ratings to obtain an average rating for the Using the following table, assign a rating based on the total
specimen. points from both sides. This option does not use intermediate
13.2.4 Repeat steps 13.2.1-13.2.3 for the remaining speci- values.
mens. Total Points
Rating Interpretation
13.2.5 For each laboratory sampling unit, calculate the (Both Sides)
average rating by averaging the observations from the three 5 __________ 0 to 2 __________ no or insignificant snagging
specimens to the nearest 0.5 scale unit. 4 __________ 3 to 10 __________ slight snagging
3 __________ 11 to 19 __________ moderate snagging
13.2.6 For each laboratory sampling unit, examine the 2 __________ 20 to 39 __________ severe snagging
specimens to determine if color contrasts, long distortions 1 __________ 40 or more __________ very severe snagging
(longer than 15 mm or 0.6 in.) or long protrusions (longer than 13.3.5 Repeat steps 13.3.1-13.3.4 for the other specimens.
4 mm or 0.15 in.) are present. If at least two of the three 13.3.6 For each laboratory sampling unit, calculate the
specimens have color contrasts, long distortions, or long average rating by averaging the observations from the three
protrusions, then these attributes should be reported (see specimens to the nearest 1.0 scale unit.
14.2.6). For standards that differ only in the number of 13.3.7 For each laboratory sampling unit, examine the
protrusions (see Note 6), also report the presence of short specimens to determine if color contrasts, long distortions
distortions (shorter than or equal to 15 mm or 0.6 in.) if short (longer than 15 mm or 0.6 in.), or long protrusions (longer than
distortions were found on at least two of the three specimens. 4 mm or 0.15 in.) are present. If at least two of the three
13.3 Option B. Using a point system, determine the snag- specimens have color contrasts, long distortions, or long
ging resistance of each laboratory sampling unit. protrusions then these attributes should be reported (see
13.3.1 Sit at a table with a desk lamp (see 6.9.1) directly in 14.2.6).
front of your chest. Place a specimen flat on the table with (1) 14. Report
the folded edge of the specimen nearest your chest, (2) the
center of the specimen approximately 300 mm or 12 in. from 14.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in Test
your eyes, and (3) an angle of viewing of 0 6 0.8 rad or 0 6 Method D5362. Describe the material and the method of
45 degrees (this is the angle between the imaginary line from sampling used.
your eyes to the center of the specimen and another imaginary 14.2 Report the following information:
line which originates in the center of the specimen and is 14.2.1 The method of preparation of the specimens includ-
perpendicular to the surface of the table). Place the specimen ing the use of laundering or drycleaning.
viewing mask on top of one side of the specimen so (1) an 14.2.2 The number of cylinder revolutions used to test each
outer edge of the mask is even with and parallel to the folded specimen.
edge of the specimen, (2) the sides of the specimen are parallel 14.2.3 The Option or other technique used for the evalua-
to the sides of the mask, and (3) the center of the specimen is tion.
in the center of the mask (see Note 7). Straighten the specimen 14.2.4 The type of visual rating standards used if Option A
to remove any wrinkles (a piece of poster board, plastic or was selected.
metal can be inserted inside the specimen to reduce the number 14.2.5 The point system if Option B was selected.
of wrinkles). 14.2.6 For each laboratory sampling unit, the average rating
13.3.2 Turn on the light and total the number of points from and any appearance changes (see 13.2.6 and 13.3.7) in the
the visible area of the specimen using the following point specimens.
system. 14.2.7 If laundering tests were conducted, repeat
13.3.2.1 To a snag with a protrusion and no distortion assign 14.2.2-14.2.6 for the laundered specimens.
1 point. 14.2.8 If drycleaning tests were conducted, repeat
13.3.2.2 To a snag with both a protrusion and a distortion 14.2.2-14.2.6 for the drycleaned specimens.
assign 3 points.
13.3.2.3 To a snag with a distortion and no protrusion assign 15. Precision and Bias
3 points. 15.1 Precision10—An interlaboratory study of Test Method
13.3.2.4 To be counted, both protrusions and distortions D5362 was conducted by the D13.59 task group on fabric
should be prominent; in other words if you have to pause and snagging. Because the results from this test method are
stare at the snag to see it, then the difficult to see protrusion, expressed as rating steps or grades, the data fit a non-normal
distortion, or both should not be counted. Any protrusion that
originates from under the specimen viewing mask (the base of 10
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
the protrusion is under the mask) should not be counted in the be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D13-1098.

7
 D5362 − 13
distribution and Practice D4467 was used to design and described in Section 13.3. Using the Friedman Rank-Sum
evaluate the interlaboratory study. The interlaboratory study Test11 with corrections for excessive number of ties, the
had randomly drawn samples of two materials tested in each of Friedman Rank-Sum Statistic for the difference between labo-
four laboratories. Each laboratory had one operator who tested ratories was 3.0: This statistic is not significant at the 5 % level
three specimens of each material. Material A was a woven of significance; thus, the difference between laboratories is not
fabric and Material B was a knit fabric. significant.
15.1.1 The results of the interlaboratory study are shown in 15.2 Bias—The procedure in this test method has no bias
Table 1. The evaluation technique was Option B which is because the value of the property can be defined only in terms
of a test method.
TABLE 1 Interlaboratory Test of the Bean Bag Test Method
Material 16. Keywords
Laboratory
A B Averge
I 4.0 3.0 3.5
16.1 knitted fabrics; snagging resistance; woven fabric
II 4.0 3.0 3.5
III 4.0 3.0 3.5
IV 3.0 3.0 3.0
11
Average 3.8 3.0 Siegel, S. and Castellan, N. J. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral
Sciences, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1998, pp. 178–180.

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