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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Thursday 25 May 2023
Morning (Time: 2 hours) Paper
reference 4PH1/1PR 4SD0/1PR

Physics
 

UNIT: 4PH1
Science (Double Award) 4SD0
PAPER: 1PR
You must have: Total Marks
Ruler, calculator, Equation Booklet (enclosed)

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• IfFillpencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centrein the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 110.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check

Turn over

*P71956A0132*
P71956A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.

N:1/1/1/1/
 FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I×V×t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m / s2.

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*P71956A0232* 
 BLANK PAGE

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 Answer ALL questions.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 This question is about the electromagnetic spectrum.

(a) The table gives some statements about the electromagnetic spectrum.
Place three ticks (ü) in the table to show which statements are correct.
(3)

Statement Correct

all electromagnetic waves are longitudinal

all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in free space

radio waves have the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum

x‑rays have the highest frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum

all electromagnetic waves transfer energy

all electromagnetic waves can cause cancer

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*P71956A0432* 
 (b) Electromagnetic waves can be useful, but can also be harmful.
(i) Give one use and one harmful effect of microwaves.
(2)
use

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harmful effect

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(ii) Give one use and one harmful effect of gamma rays.
(2)
use

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harmful effect

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(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

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2 The photograph shows the International Space Station (ISS) in orbit around the Earth.

(Source: © Dima Zel/Shutterstock)

(a) The ISS orbits the Earth in a circular orbit.

Which of these also orbits the Earth?
(1)
A a comet

B Mars

C the Moon
D the Sun

(b) Which of these forces causes the ISS to orbit the Earth?
(1)
A air resistance

B electrostatic

C friction

D gravitational

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*P71956A0632* 
 (c) The ISS completes one orbit of the Earth in a time period of 93 minutes.
(i) The orbital radius of the ISS is 6.8 × 103 km.
Calculate the orbital speed of the ISS in km / s.
(3)

orbital speed = ......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . km / s

(ii) Show that the ISS completes approximately 15 orbits of the Earth each day.
(2)

(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)

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 BLANK PAGE

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*P71956A0832* 
3 A model electric motor is used to lift a load through a vertical height.

power supply

electric motor
joulemeter

load

(a) The load has a mass of 400 g and gains 3.2 J of energy in its gravitational store
when lifted.
(i) State the formula linking gravitational potential energy, mass,
gravitational field strength (g) and height.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the height the load is lifted.

(3)

height = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

(iii) State the amount of useful work done on the load by the motor when the
load is lifted through this height.
(1)

work done = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

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 (b) The load is lifted at a constant speed.
Diagram 1 shows the lifting force acting on the load as it is lifted.
Draw a labelled arrow on diagram 1 to show the other force acting on the load.
Ignore the effects of air resistance.
(2)

lifting force

load

Diagram 1

(c) A joulemeter measures the amount of energy transferred electrically to the motor
as the motor lifts the load.
The joulemeter displays a reading of 11.0 J when the load has gained 3.2 J of
energy in its gravitational store.
(i) Calculate the efficiency of the motor.
(3)

efficiency = ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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*P71956A01032* 
 (ii) Justify why 7.8 J of energy must be dissipated into the thermal store of the
surroundings as the load is lifted.
(2)

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(iii) Diagram 2 is an incomplete Sankey diagram.

Complete the Sankey diagram to show the energy transferred by the motor.
(3)

input
energy

wasted output
energy

Diagram 2

(Total for Question 3 = 15 marks)

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4 This question is about magnets.
(a) Which of these substances is not attracted to a bar magnet?
(1)
A cobalt

B copper

C iron

D nickel

(b) Diagram 1 shows a bar magnet.

NS

Diagram 1

Draw magnetic field lines on diagram 1 to show the shape and direction of the
magnetic field around the bar magnet.
(3)

(c) Some bar magnets are made of steel.

Explain why steel is a good material for making bar magnets.
(2)

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*P71956A01232* 
 (d) Diagram 2 shows a cross‑section through a wire placed between two
magnetic poles.
The direction of the current in the wire is out of the page.

wire

Diagram 2

(i) Draw an arrow on diagram 2 to show the direction of the force on the wire
due to the magnetic field.
Assume that the magnetic field is uniform.
(2)

(ii) State two changes that could be made that would decrease the magnitude of
the force on the wire in diagram 2.
(2)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)

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5 A car is travelling in a straight line along a road. The car passes a person standing at
the side of the road.

Before passing the person, the driver of the car presses the car’s horn. The horn
makes a loud sound of constant frequency.
The horn continues to make a sound until after the car has passed the person.
Discuss the differences in the frequencies of the sound heard by
• the driver of the car
• the person at the side of the road

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(Total for Question 5 = 6 marks)

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*P71956A01432* 
6 A student investigates how the current in a 60 Ω resistor varies with the voltage
across the resistor.
(a) The student has access to this equipment
• 12 V battery
• ammeter and voltmeter
• 60 Ω resistor
• variable resistor
• switch
• connecting wires
Draw a circuit diagram to show how the student could connect this equipment to
carry out the investigation.
(4)

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 *P71956A01532* Turn over
 (b) Describe a suitable method the student could use for this investigation.
(4)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(c) (i) Complete the current–voltage graph by drawing a line that shows the
expected results of the investigation.
(3)

0.30

0.20
Current
in A
0.10

0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Voltage in V

16
*P71956A01632* 
 (ii) The student repeats their investigation with a 120 Ω resistor.
Explain how a current–voltage graph for a 120 Ω resistor compares with the
current–voltage graph for the 60 Ω resistor.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 14 marks)

17
 *P71956A01732* Turn over
 BLANK PAGE

18
*P71956A01832* 
7 Protactinium is an element with several different radioactive isotopes.
(a) Protactinium‑234 has a half‑life of 6.7 hours.
A sample of protactinium‑234 has an initial activity of 800 units.
(i) Give a suitable unit for activity.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) On the axes below, sketch a graph for the decay of the sample of
protactinium‑234 during its first three half‑lives.
(3)

800

600

Activity
400
in .... . . . .

200

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time in hours

(iii) When protactinium‑234 undergoes beta ( β –) decay it becomes uranium‑234.

The incomplete nuclear equation shows this process.

234 234
Pa 92 U + β

Complete the nuclear equation to show the beta decay of protactinium‑234.

Write your answers in the dashed boxes.
(2)

19
 *P71956A01932* Turn over
 (b) A student suggests an experiment to determine the type of radiation emitted by
a different isotope of protactinium, protactinium‑231.
This is the suggested method.
Step 1 connect a suitable radiation detector to a radiation counter
Step 2 p
 lace a source of protactinium‑231 at a fixed distance of 3 cm from the
radiation detector
Step 3 record the count of detected radiation for a time of one minute
Step 4 place a sheet of paper between the source and detector
Step 5 record the count of detected radiation for a time of one minute
Step 6 r epeat Steps 4 and 5 using a sheet of aluminium and then a sheet of lead
instead of the sheet of paper

The table shows the results of the investigation when it is done by a teacher.

Material between source and detector Count

no material 261

paper 14

aluminium 11

lead 13

(i) Which of these is the dependent variable in the investigation?

(1)
A count measured by the detector

B distance between source and detector

C material between source and detector

D time the count is measured

20
*P71956A02032* 
 (ii) The student’s method does not allow for background radiation.
Describe how the student’s method should be modified to allow for
background radiation.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Describe how the student’s method could be modified to improve the
reliability of the results.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv) Evaluate the data from the experiment to conclude the type of radiation
emitted by protactinium‑231.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 15 marks)

21
 *P71956A02132* Turn over
 BLANK PAGE

22
*P71956A02232* 
8 Diagram 1 shows a set of masses attached to a spring, which is suspended from
a support.

support

spring

masses

Diagram 1

(a) After the masses are added, the length of the spring is 14.6 cm.
The student measures the extension of the spring as 11.5 cm.
(i) Calculate the original length of the spring.
(1)

original length = .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm

(ii) The student removes the masses and notices that the spring does not show
elastic behaviour.
Predict a value for the new length of the spring after the masses have
been removed.
(1)

new length of spring = .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm

23
 *P71956A02332* Turn over
 (b) The student puts the masses back on the spring.
The student then pulls the masses down and releases them.
The masses vibrate up and down in a vertical direction, as shown in diagram 2.

support

spring

vibrations masses

Diagram 2

24
*P71956A02432* 
 The distance–time graph shows how the distance between the top of the masses
and the support changes with time as the masses vibrate.

Distance

Time

(i) Explain how the gradient of the graph shows that the masses accelerate as
they vibrate.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Add crosses (X) to the distance–time graph to show all the times when the
masses are not moving.
(2)

(Total for Question 8 = 7 marks)

25
 *P71956A02532* Turn over
9 The driver of a racing car makes a pit stop during a race to change the tyres on the
racing car.
The area where the tyres are changed is called the pit lane.

(Source: © Hafiz Johari/Shutterstock)

(a) Before entering the pit lane, the speed of the car must decrease for safety reasons.

(i) The mass of the racing car is 830 kg.

The maximum braking force is 41 000 N.
Show that the maximum deceleration of the racing car is
approximately 50 m / s2.
(3)

(ii) The racing car is travelling at an initial speed of 72 m / s.

Calculate the minimum distance needed to decrease the speed of the racing
car from 72 m / s to 26 m / s.
(3)

distance = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

26
*P71956A02632* 
 (b) The racing car slows down using its brakes.
The brakes work using friction.
The brakes become very hot when the racing car slows down.
Using ideas about energy, explain why the brakes become hot.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) The tyres of the racing car also get very hot during a race.
A mechanic has to handle the hot tyres during the pit stop.
They wear protective gloves which have several layers of insulating materials.
Explain how the layers of insulating materials in the gloves reduce the risk of the
mechanic burning their hands on the hot tyres.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 9 = 11 marks)

27
 *P71956A02732* Turn over
10 A dam is a structure designed to hold water in a reservoir.

dam water in a reservoir

(a) The water in the reservoir has a depth of 35 m.

(i) State the formula linking pressure difference, height, density and g.
(1)

(ii) Atmospheric pressure at the surface of the reservoir is 100 kPa.

Calculate the total pressure at the bottom of the reservoir.
[for water, density = 1000 kg / m3]
(3)

pressure = ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kPa

28
*P71956A02832* 
 (b) An underwater camera is used in the water reservoir.
The camera lens experiences a force of 430 N at a pressure of 260 kPa.
(i) State the formula linking pressure, force and area.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the area of the camera lens.

Give a suitable unit.
(4)

area = .............................................................. unit ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) Sea water has a density of 1030 kg / m3.

Explain how the design of the dam would need to be changed to hold the same
depth of sea water safely.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 10 = 11 marks)

29
 *P71956A02932* Turn over
11 The gravitational field strength of a planet decreases with increasing distance from
the planet.
The table shows the value of the gravitational field strength of Mars at different
distances from the centre of Mars.

Distance from centre of Mars in km Gravitational field strength in N / kg

4000 2.66

5000 1.70

6000 1.18

7000 0.87

8000 0.67

9000 0.53

(a) A student finds this formula in a textbook, which links distance from the centre of
a planet to its gravitational field strength

gravitational field strength × distance2 = constant

Use data from the table to justify this formula.

(4)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30
*P71956A03032* 
 (b) Olympus Mons is the tallest mountain on Mars.
The distance between the centre of Mars and the peak of Olympus Mons
is 3410 km.
Calculate the gravitational field strength at the peak of Olympus Mons.
(3)

gravitational field strength = ......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N / kg

(Total for Question 11 = 7 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 110 MARKS

31
 *P71956A03132*
 BLANK PAGE

32
*P71956A03232* 
 Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)
Thursday 25 May 2023
Morning (Time: 2 hours) Paper
reference 4PH1/1PR 4SD0/1PR

Physics
 

UNIT: 4PH1
Science (Double Award) 4SD0
PAPER: 1PR
Equation Booklet
Do not return this Booklet with the question paper.

Turn over

*P71956A*
P71956A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.

N:1/1/1/1
These equations may be required for both International GCSE Physics (4PH1) and
International GCSE Combined Science (4SD0) papers.

1. Forces and Motion

distance moved
average speed =
time taken

acceleration = change in velocity a

v  u 
time taken t
(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)
v2  u 2   2  a  s 

force = mass × acceleration F=m×a

weight = mass × gravitational field strength W=m×g

2. Electricity

power = current × voltage P=I×V

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

voltage = current × resistance V=I×R

charge = current × time Q=I×t

energy transferred = charge × voltage E=Q×V

3. Waves

wave speed = frequency × wavelength v=f×λ

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

sin angle of incidence  sin i

refractive index = n=
sin angle of refraction sin r

1 1
sin critical angle   sin c =
refractive index n

2 P71956A

 4. Energy resources and energy transfers

useful energy output

efficiency = ×100%
total energy output

work done = force × distance moved W=F×d

gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height

GPE = m × g × h

1 1
kinetic energy = × mass × speed2 KE   m  v 2
2 2

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

5. Solids, liquids and gases

mass m
density = 
volume V

force F
pressure = p=
area A
pressure difference = height × density × gravitational field strength
p=h×ρ×g

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

pressure × volume = constant p 1 × V1 = p 2 × V2

8. Astrophysics

2   orbital radius 2  r

orbital speed = v
time period T

The equations on the following page will only be required for International GCSE Physics.

P71956A 3
 Turn over
These additional equations may be required in International GCSE Physics papers 2P
and 2PR.

1. Forces and Motion

momentum = mass × velocity p=m×v

force =
change in momentum
F
 mv  mu 
time taken t

moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot

5. Solids, liquids and gases

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

6. Magnetism and electromagnetism

relationship between input and output voltages for a transformer

input (primary) voltage primary turns
=
output (secondary) voltage secondary turns

input power = output power Vp Ip = Vs Is

for 100% efficiency

8. Astrophysics

change in wavelength velocity of a galaxy   0  v

=  
reference wavelength speed of light 0 0 c

END OF EQUATION LIST

4 P71956A
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