18.2.
0 ENGINEERING DRAWING AND DESIGN
18.2.1 INTRODUCTION
This module unit is designed to equip the trainee with the necessary
skills and attitudes in Engineering drawing and design.
The module unit is intended to provide trainee with fundamentals of
Engineering drawing and design using traditional equipment. The
knowledge gained will be used in designing various products in
structural fabrication and tool room processes.
Trainees undertaking this module unit will require knowledge of basic
engineering drawing.
18.2.2 General Objectives
By the end of the module unit, the trainee should be able to:
a) understand the principles of mechanical engineering components
b) understand the principles of Mechanical Engineering design
c) design a product
d) draw assembly drawings
18.2.3 Module Unit Summary and Time Allocation
ENGINEERING DRAWING AND DESIGN
Code Sub-Module Content Time
Hrs
18.2.01 Spur Gears Uses of gears 4
- Constructional Features
18.2.02 S Screw Threads Helix 6
Types of screws threads
Parts of screw
18.2.03 Cams Types of CAM followers 8
Types of CAM:
Motion graphs:
Cam profiles
18.2.04 Bearings Bearings and Bushes 4
Bearing Applications
18.2.05 Limits and Fits Definition of terms of terms 6
Types of Fits
Dimensioning using Limits
and fits
Application of limits and fits
18.2.06 Fasteners and Temporary fasteners 4
220
Locking Devices Permanent Fasteners:
18.2.07 Assembly Orthographic Exploded views 12
Drawing Pictorial Exploded views
Parts list
Sectional views:
Hatching methods
18.2.08 Engineering Principles of design 8
Design Design consideration
Functional object
Risk management
Material estimation and
costing
Cost benefit analysis
18.2.09 Design of Definition of jigs and fixtures 6
Jigs and Elements of jigs
Fixtures Functions of jigs and fixtures
Design steps
Degree of freedom of
location
Design jigs and fixture
General design principles
Application of jigs and
fixtures
Machining on lathe
18.2.10 Geometrical Definition of Geometrical 4
Tolerance tolerancing
Principles of tolerancing
Application exercises
18.2.11 Product Feasibility studies 4
Design and Design
Specification Factors affecting product
design
Total Time 66
221
18.2.01 SPUR GEAR - Module
- Pressure angle
Theory - Clearance
- Base circle
18.2.01T0 Specific Objectives - Addendum
By the end of the - Dedendum
sub module the
trainee should be Suggested
able to: Learning
a) state the uses of Resources
spur gears in
- Engine gear
engineering
models
b) construct a spur
- Textbooks
gear
c) calculate the - The internet
gear data from
the given 18.2.02 SCREW
information THREADS
18.2.08C Competence Theory
The trainee should
have the ability to 18.2.02T0 Specific Objectives
design involute gear By the end of the
teeth sub module the
trainee should be
Content able to:
18.2.01T1 Uses of gears a) construct
helices with
- Torque
reference to
reduction/multip
single and
lication
multi-start
- Motion
threads
transmission
b) sketch and label
- Speed the parts of a
reduction/increa screw thread
se c) identify
- Motion different types
direction change of screw threads
18.2.01T2 Constructional
Features 18.2.02C Competence
18.2.01T3 Gear data The trainee should
calculation have the ability to
- Pitch circle draw single start and
diameter multi start helices
222
c) construct
Content various cam
18.2.02T1 Helix profiles for
- Single-start given motions
thread
- Multi-start 18.2.03C Competence
thread The trainee should
18.2.02T2 Types of screws have the ability to
threads design cam profiles
- V- threads for different types of
- Square threads engine
- ACME
- Buttress Content
18.2.02T3 Parts of screw 18.2.03T1 Functions of a cam
thread - Types
- Pitch o Radial disc
o Cylindrical
- Crest
18.2.03T2 Cam followers
- Root
- Knife edge
- Diameter
- Roller
Suggested - Flat follower
Learning 18.2.03T3 Cam profiles
Resources - Uniform
- Models velocity
- Textbooks - Uniform
acceleration and
- The internet
retardation
18.2.03 CAMS - Simple
harmonic
Theory motion
- Combined
18.2.03T0 Specific Objectives profile of the
By the end of the above motions
sub module the
trainee should be Suggested
able: Learning
a) explain the Resources
functions of a - Engine
cam camshaft model
b) draw various - Cam lobes
types of cam model
followers - Textbooks
- The internet
223
- Lathe
18.2.04 BEARINGS - Miller
Theory Suggested Learning
Resources
18.2.04T0 Specific Objectives o Engine models
By the end of the - Gearbox models
sub module the - Textbooks
trainee should be - The internet
able:
a) explain the need 18.2.05 LIMITS AND
for a bearing FITS
b) identify and
sketch various Theory
types of
bearings 18.2.05T0 Specific Objectives
c) select a suitable By the end of the sub
bearing for use module the trainee
in a given part should be able to:
of a vehicle a) define limits and
fits
18.2.05C Competence b) identify and apply
The trainee should the various types
have the ability to fits
select and use c) use BS 4500,
bearings Kenya Bureau of
Standard and ISO
Content to dimension
18.2.04T1 Purpose of bearing drawings
18.2.04T2 Bearings and
Bushes 18.2.05C Competence
- Ball bearing The trainee should have
- Roller bearing the ability to apply
- Taper limits and fits in
- Needle mechanical designs
- Plane
- Bush bearing Content
18.2.04T3 Bearing 18.2.05T1 Definition of terms of
Applications terms
- Gearboxes - Upper and lower
- Wheels and limit
tyres - Tolerance
- Engines - Unilateral
- Bilateral
224
- Nominal size fastening
(Basic size ) devices
- Hole-basis c) sketch and draw
system types of locking
- Shaft-basis devices
system
18.2.05T2 Types of Fits 18.2.06C Competence
- Clearance The trainee should
- Transition have the ability to:
- Interference i) Differentiate
between permanent
- Applications
and temporary
- Engineering design
fasteners
and manufacture
ii) Sketch and draw
18.2.05T3 Dimensioning
screws, nuts bolts
- The BS 4500 A & and rivets
BS 4500B charts
- Tolerancing Content
18.2.06T1 Temporary fasteners
Suggested Learning - Screws
Resources o Cap screws
- Text Books o Countersun
- The BS 4500 A & k screws
BS 4500B Charts o Grub screws
- Internet o Hexagonal
head
18.2.06 FASTENERS AND screws
LOCKING - Nuts and bolts
DEVICES o Hexagonal
o Square
Theory o Round
o Flat
18.2.06T0 Specific Objectives - Pins
By the end of the sub o Tapered
module the trainee cotter
should be able to: o Split pins
a) identify and - Keys and
draw temporary keyways
fastening o Woodruff
devices o Straight
b) identify and o Tapered
draw of o Round
permanent o Feather
225
o Parallel d) produce a parts list
rectangle for an assembled
18.2.06T2 Permanent component
Fasteners:
- Rivets 18.2.07C Competence
o Snap head The trainee should
o Pan head have the ability to:
o Round i) Read and interpret
countersun exploded views
k ii) Produce working
o Counter drawings
sunk iii) Produce sectional
- Hexagon slotted views of details
grub screw that cannot be
18.2.06T3 Locking devices seen from
orthographic
Suggested Learning iv) Prepare parts list
Resources
- Fastening devices Content
models 18.2.07T1 Orthographic
- Text books and charts - Plan
- The internet - End elevation
- Front elevation
18.2.07 ASSEMBLY 18.2.07T2 Sectional views:
DRAWING - Off set sectional
views
Theory - Sectional front
elevation
18.2.07T0 Specific Objectives - End sectional
By the end of the sub elevation
module the trainee - Sectional plan
should be able to: - Half – sectional
a) draw orthographic views
projection from - Aligned sectional
working drawing view
and assembly - Revolved sectional
drawing views
b) draw various types - Broken out
of sectional views sectional views
c) draw sectional 18.2.07T3 Hatching methods
views, plan and
- Hatching line
elevation of an
- Shading
assembled
18.2.07T4 Parts list
component
226
- Part number meets user
- Part name requirements
- Part material ii) Carry out design
- Number off strategies that meet
- Description both the deadline
and estimated
Suggested Learning budget
Resources
- Textbooks Content
18.2.08T1 Principles of design
- Drawing charts
- Design brief
- The internet
- Analysis
18.2.08 ENGINEERING - Synthesis
DESIGN - Evaluation
- Implementation
Theory 18.2.08T2 Design consideration
- Ergonomics
18.2.08T0 Specific Objectives - Materials
By the end of the sub - Manufacturing
module the trainee methods
should be able to: o Casting
a) explain principles o Machining
of design o Sintering
b) describe o Fabrication
considerations to o Hot and cold
be observed in working
design work 18.2.08T3 Functional object
c) design functional - User requirements
objects in 18.2.08T4 Risk Management
Engineering - Risk identification
d) manage potential - Risk evaluation
design risks - Risk reduction and
e) estimate and cost minimization
materials for a 18.2.08T5 Estimation and
design costing
f) carry out a cost - Material
benefit analysis for Estimation
the design o Tasks
o Resources
18.2.08C Competence - Manufacturing
The trainee should costing
have the ability to: o Materials
i) Practice Design o Labor
principles that
227
o Overheads ii) Design a jig for a
18.2.08T6 Cost benefit analysis given task
Suggested Learning Content
Resources 18.2.09T1 Definition of jigs and
- Text books fixtures
- The internet 18.2.09T2 Elements of jigs
- The industry - Body
- Locating elements
18.2.09T0 DESIGN OF JIGS - Tool guide
AND FIXTURES - Clamping elements
18.2.09T3 Functions of jigs and
Theory fixtures
- Reduction of costs
18.2.09T0 Specific Objectives of operation
By the end of the sub - Increase in
module unit, the production
trainee should be able 18.2.09T4 Design steps
to: - Sequence of the
a) define a jig and a operation
fixture - Location systems
b) explain the - Clamping system
elements of Jigs 18.2.09T5 Degree of freedom
and fixtures of location
c) list functions of
- Two linear and
jigs and fixtures
rotary
d) list the design
movement on
steps of jigs and
axis OX
fixtures
- Two linear and
e) state the degree of
rotary
freedom as applied
movement on
to jigs and fixtures
axis OY
f) design jigs and
fixtures for - Two linear and
various rotary movement
applications on axis OZ
18.2.09T6 Design jigs and fixture
18.2.09C Competence - Milling
The trainee should - Drilling
have the ability to: - Machining on lathe
i) Fabricate a jig for - General design
a given fabrication principles
design o Location
methods
228
o Clamping symbols of
methods tolerancing
o Loading and
unloading 18.2.10C Competence
process The trainee should have
o Work supports the ability to apply
o Stability and geometric tolerancing
rigidity to produce a given
o Clearance for design task
chips
o Coolant to the Content
cutting edge 18.210T1 Definition of
- Application of jigs geometrical
and fixtures tolerancing
o Milling 18.210T2 Principles of
o Drilling tolerancing
- Machining on lathe - Straightness
- Parallelism
Suggested Learning - Flatness
Resources - Squareness
- Charts - Roundness
- Assorted jigs and - Datum
fixtures - Cylindricity
- Work pieces 18.210T3 Application exercises
18.2.10 GEOMETRICAL Suggested
TOLERANCING Teaching/Learning
Resources
Theory - BS 308 geometrical
tolerancing charts
18.210T0 Specific Objectives - Assorted drawing
By the end of the sub instruments
module unit, the - Trainers manuals
trainee should be able
to: 18.2.11 PRODUCT DESIGN
a) define geometrical AND
tolerancing SP ECIFICATIONS
b) state the general
principles of Theory
geometrical
tolerancing 18.211T0 Specific Objectives
c) identify, draw and By the end of the sub
apply module unit, the
recommended
229
trainee should be able - Methods of design
to: manufacture
a) perform feasibility 18.211T2 Design
studies on simple - Customer
designs requirements
b) describe the design - Company
specifications of a requirements
product 18.2.11T3 Factors affecting
c) describe factors product design
affecting product - Material appearance
design (aesthetic value)
- Method of
18.2.11C Competence production
The trainee should
have the ability to Suggested
design and specify the Teaching/Learning
product using standard Resources
symbols - Various designed
products
Content o wheel barrow
18.211T1 Feasibility studies o screw jack
- Aim of feasibility o textbooks
studies
- Functions of the
design manufacture
230
