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�‫️ ��م �� يي و��م ��ى سيند ن�ا ��د‬

Contents
.................................................................................................... 2
.......................................................................................................................................... 2
........................................................................................................................................... 2
THE OSI MODEL .................................................................................................................................. 2
Application Layer .................................................................................................................................. 3
Presentation Layer ............................................................................................................................... 3
Transport Layer .................................................................................................................................... 4
Network Layer ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Physical Layer ........................................................................................................................................ 6
THE TCP / IP MODEL .......................................................................................................................... 7
Physical address .................................................................................................................................. 8
Logical address .................................................................................................................................... 8
Port address ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Specific address ................................................................................................................................... 8

TELEGRAM
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�‫️ ��م �� يي و��م ��ى سيند ن�ا ��د‬

A network model : Model agreed at network communication

between sender and receiver throw dived list of communication into
list of layers and this list of layers is Network model

A network model is a layered architecture

 Task broken into subtasks
 Implemented separately in layers in stack
 Functions need in both systems
 Peer layers communicate
‫ ﯾﺗﻛون ﻣن طﺑﻘﺎت وھذه اﻟطﺑﻘﺎت ﯾﺗم وﺿﻌﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ‬network model ‫ او ال‬Protocol
‫ اﻟذي ﺳوف‬model ‫ ف أوﻻ ﻧﻌرف ﻣﺎ ھو اﻟم‬، ‫ﻗواﻋد ﻣﻌﯾﻧﮫ ﻟﻛﻲ ﺗﺣﻛم اﻟﺗواﺻل ﺑﯾن اﻷﺟﮭزة‬
‫ﻧﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮫ ﺛم ﻧﻌرف طﺑﻘﺎﺗﮫ‬

THE OSI MODEL

Established in 1947, the International Standards Organization (ISO) is
a multinational body dedicated to worldwide agreement on
international standards.
‫ھﯾﺋﺔ ﻣﺗﻌددة اﻟﺟﻧﺳﯾﺎت ﻣﻛرﺳﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﻔﺎق اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻲ ﺑﺷﺄن ﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر اﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺑروﺗﻛوﻻت‬
‫وﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﻛﺎن ﺑروﺗﻛول ال‬
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is
the standard that covers all aspects of network communications from
ISO. It was first introduced in the late 1970s.
‫ وﻗد ﺗم ﻋرﺿﮫ‬.‫ ھو اﻟﻣﻌﯾﺎر اﻟذي ﯾﻐطﻲ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﺟواﻧب ﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻت ﻣن اﯾزو‬OSI ‫و ال‬
.‫ﻷول ﻣرة ﻓﻲ أواﺧر اﻟﺳﺑﻌﯾﻧﺎت‬
Note that:
ISO is the organization.
OSI is the model.
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�‫️ ��م �� يي و��م ��ى سيند ن�ا ��د‬

Application Layer
Provide service for user to see the data using some protocols like
(Http ,STMP, TELNET)
- First Layer for source (sender) ‫ھﻲ اول طﺑﻘﮫ ﺗﺗﻔﺎﻋل ﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬
- For example ( WhatsApp , google chrome , etc.)
- Functions of Application Layer (Not Important)
 Network virtual terminal (Remote log-in)
 File transfer and access
 Mail services
 Directory services (Distributed Database)
 Accessing the World Wide Web

Presentation Layer
is responsible for translation, compression, and encryption.
‫ ﻋن طرﯾﻖ اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت ال ﺗرﺟﻣﮫ‬: ‫ﺗﺟﮭﯾز اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺷﻛل ﯾﻣﻛن ﻋرﺿﮫ ﻟﻠراﺳل واﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬
‫واﻟﺿﻐط و اﻟﺗﺷﻔﯾر‬
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‫‪Functions‬‬
‫‪1- Compression / decompression‬‬
‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻌد ﺗﺷﻔﯾرھﺎ ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺿﻐطﮭﺎ ﻟﻛﻲ ﯾﻘﻠل ﺣﺟﻣﮭﺎ ﻟﻛﻲ ﯾﻌطﻲ ﯾﺳرﻋﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﻧﻘل ﻟو‬
‫ﻛﺎن ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣن ال راﺳل او ﻓك ﺿﻐطﮭﺎ ﺑﻌد ﻓك ﺗﺷﻔﯾرھﺎ ﻟو ﻛﺎﻧت ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬
‫) ‪2- Encoding /decoding = (encryption‬‬
‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺗﺷﻔﯾرھﺎ وﺗﺣوﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﻣن ‪ ascii code‬ل ‪ machine language‬وھذه ﻣرﺣﻠﮫ ال‬
‫‪ encoding‬وﺗﺣدث ﻟو اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣن ال راﺳل واﻟﻌﻛس ﺻﺣﯾﺢ ﻟو اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم وﺗﺳﻣﻲ ‪decoding‬‬
‫‪3- Define data format‬‬
‫ﺗﻛون ﻋﻧد اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم ﻓﻘط وھذه اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ ﺗﻘوم ﺑﻣﻌرﻓﮫ ﻧوع اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم ﻣن ال راﺳل ﻟو ﻛﺎن ﺻوره‪ ،‬ﻓدﯾو‬

‫‪Session Layer‬‬
‫‪is responsible for dialog control and synchronization.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘوم ﺑﻌﻣﻠﯾﮫ ال ‪ : direct control‬ھﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﮫ ﻓﺗﺢ ‪ session‬ﻟﻛﻲ ﻧﻌﻠم ھل ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ اﻟﺗواﺻل‬
‫ﺑﯾن اﻟراﺳل واﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم وھل ﺳﺗﺗم اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺗزاﻣن ‪ : Synchronization‬ھﻲ أرﺳﺎل اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑطرﯾﻘﮫ ﻣﻌﯾﻧﮫ ﯾﺟب ان ﯾﻛون ﺑﮭﺎ ﺗزاﻣن‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾن وﻗت اﻻرﺳﺎل واﻻﺳﺗﻼم و ﻛﻣﯾﮫ اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻣرﺳﻠﺔ واﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠﻣﺔ‬
‫‪Functions‬‬
‫‪1- Create logical session‬‬
‫‪Session‬ھو طﻠب دﺧول ﺟﮭﺎز ﻣﻌﯾن إﻟﻲ اﻟﺳﯾرﻓر ﻓﯾﺗم ﻓﺗﺢ ﻣﻧﻔذ ﻟﯾﮫ ﯾﺳﻣﻲ ﺑـ‬
‫‪2- Terminates logical session‬‬
‫ﻛل ﺳﯾرﻓر ﻟﮫ ﻋدد ﻣﺣدد ﻣن اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻓذ اذ اﻣﺗﻠﺊ ﻻ ﯾدﺧل اﺟﮭزه اﺧري إﻻ ﻟو ﺟﮭﺎز ﻣوﺟود ﺑﺎﻟﺳﯾرﻓر ﺧرج وھﻧﺎ‬
‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ دور ھذه اﻟﺧطوة ھو اﻗﻔﺎل ھذه ال ‪ session‬ﻟﻌدم ﻣﻠﺊ اﻟﺳﯾرﻓر ﺑﺎﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣوﺟوده ﻓﯾﮫ ﻓﻌﻠﯾﺎ ً‬
‫‪3- Define Communication mode‬‬
‫ﻟو ﺗﻣﺗﻠك ﺟﮭﺎزﯾن ﻣﺗﻲ ﯾﻛون ﻛل واﺣد ﻓﯾﮭم ﯾﻌﻣل ﻛـ‪simplex , half-duplex , full- duplex‬‬
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‫‪Transport Layer‬‬
‫‪The transport layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from‬‬
‫‪one process to another.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘوم ھذه اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﻌﻣل ‪ : process to process delivery‬أي ﻣﻌرﻓﮫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻖ اﻟذي ﺗم‬
‫ﺑﻌت اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﯾﮫ ﻟو ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﺳﻧﺟر واﺗس وھﻛذا‬
‫‪Functions‬‬
‫‪1- Error Correction‬‬
‫) ‪2- Flow Control ( Windowing, Buffering, Congestion avoidance‬‬
‫‪3- Port addressing‬‬
‫‪4- Segmentation and reassembly‬‬
‫)‪5- Connection control ( Connection-oriented or connection-less‬‬
‫‪There is Tow important protocol we use them here‬‬
‫) ‪- TCP ( Transmutation Control Protocol‬‬
‫‪• Reliable‬‬
‫‪• Connection Oriented‬‬
‫‪• EX: YouTube Videos‬‬
‫ﻓﻛرة ﻋﻣﻠﺔ اﻧﮫ ﻋﻧد ارﺳل ال ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل وھﻧﺎ ﺗوﺟد ﺣﺎﻟﺗﯾن‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟو اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل أﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ‪ :‬ﯾﺗم ارﺳﺎل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ إﻟﻲ ان ﺗﺗم ﻋﻣﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻼم ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟو اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل ﻟم ﯾﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ‪ :‬ﺗرﺟﻊ اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻖ ارﺳﺎﻟﮫ وﯾﻧﺗظر ﺑﺿﻊ اﻟوﻗت وﯾﺗم ارﺳﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻣرة‬
‫أﺧري اﻟﻲ ان ﺗﺗم ﻋﻠﻣﯾﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻼم وھذه ھﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﺔ ال ‪data correction‬‬
‫) ‪- UDP (User datagram Protocol‬‬
‫‪• Unreliable‬‬
‫‪• Connectionless‬‬
‫‪• EX: live Videos‬‬
‫ﻓﻛرة ﻋﻣﻠﺔ اﻧﮫ ﻋﻧد ارﺳل ال ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل وھﻧﺎ ﺗوﺟد ﺣﺎﻟﺗﯾن‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟو اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل أﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ‪ :‬ﯾﺗم ارﺳﺎل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ إﻟﻲ ان ﺗﺗم ﻋﻣﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻼم ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟو اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل ﻟم ﯾﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ‪ :‬ﯾﺗم ارﺳﺎل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ أﯾﺿﺎ ً وﻻ ﯾﮭﺗم ﺑﺎﺳﺗﻼم اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل ﻟﻠﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫وھﻧﺎ ﯾﺗم ﻓﻘد ﺟزء ﻣن اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت وﻟﮭذا ھو ‪unreliable‬‬
‫‪Note: the message here is divided into segmentation‬‬
‫ھﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﺔ ﺟﻣﻊ اﻛﺗر ﻣن ﺳﯾﺟﻣﻧت وا ارﺳﺎﻟﮭم ﻣرة واﺣده ‪Buffering :‬‬
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‫‪Network Layer‬‬
‫‪layer is responsible for the delivery of individual packets from the‬‬
‫‪source host to the destination host.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘوم ھذه اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ ﺑـ ﻣﻌرﻓﮫ ﻋﻧوان ال ‪ (IP Addressing) IP‬ﺛم ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋن‬
‫طرﯾﻖ ﻣﻌرﻓﮫ ﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻟﺗﺳﻠﯾم اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣن اﻟراﺳل ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬
‫ﺗﻘوم ھذه اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ أﯾﺿﺎ ً ﺑـ ال ‪ :Host to Host or HUP TO HUP DELIVERY‬أي ﻣﻌرﻓﮫ‬
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟذي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻟذي ﺳوف ﻧرﺳل إﻟﯾﮫ اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫‪Function‬‬
‫) ‪1- Logical Addressing (IP address‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺗﯾن ﻣﮭﻣﺗﯾن ﻟﻠرﺳﺎﻟﺔ وھم ‪ IP‬ﻟل راﺳل و ال ‪ Ip‬ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﻠم‬
‫)‪2- Chose the best path from source to destination (Routing‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ ﯾﺗم اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﺳرع واﻓﺿل طرﯾﻖ ﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﺧﻼل اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم او اﻟراﺳل‬
‫‪ -‬واﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟذي ﯾﺗﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﻊ ال ‪ logical Address‬وﯾﺧﺗﺎر أﻓﺿل طرﯾﻖ ھﻧﺎ ھو ال ‪router‬‬
‫‪Note‬‬
‫‪When Segmentation arrive from transport layer to this layer we called‬‬
‫‪segments as a Packets‬‬
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‫‪Data Link Layer‬‬
‫‪is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next‬‬
‫ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻻﺗﯾﺔ ﻣن ال ‪ physical layer‬وﺗﻧظﯾﻣﮭﺎ ووﺿﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ إطﺎرات ﺗﺣﺗوﯾﮭﺎ‬
‫)‪ (Framing‬وﺗﻛون ھذه اﻹطﺎرات ھﻲ اﻟﻣﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾن اﻟراﺳل واﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم ﻟﯾﺗم ﺗﺳﻠﯾﻣﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻟل طﺑﻘﮫ ال ﺗﺎﻟﯾﮫ وھﻲ ال ‪network‬‬
‫‪Function‬‬
‫) ‪1- Logical Link control ( LLC‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ھذا اﻟﺟزء ﻧري ھل اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ﻣن ال اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ھل ﻋﻧوان ال ‪ IP‬ﻣﺗﺷﺎﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ ھذا‬
‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻟﻠﻌﻧوان اﻟذي ﻧذھب إﻟﯾﮫ وھﻧﺎ اﻟﺗﺷﺎﺑﮫ ﺳﯾﻛون ﻓﻲ اﺻدار ال ‪IP V4 ,IPv6‬ﻟو ﻣﺗﺷﺎﺑﮫ‬
‫ﺗﻛﻣل اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻟو ﻟﯾﺳوا ﻣﺗﺷﺎﺑﮭﯾن ﻓﻲ اﻹﺻدار ﯾﻘوم ﺑﻌﻣل ‪drop‬ﻟﻠرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﺑل ان ﯾﻛﻣل ﻋﻠﻣﯾﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻧﻘل اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
‫)‪2- Media Access control ( MAC ) (Physical Address‬‬
‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣن اﻟطﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ )ﻛﺎﻧت ﻣﺣﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺗﯾن ﻣﮭﻣﺗﯾن وھم ‪ IP‬ﻟﻠراﺳل‬
‫واﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم ( ھﻧﺎ ﯾﺗم أﺿﺎﻓﮫ ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺗﯾن أﺧرﯾﯾن ووھم ال ‪ Mac Address‬ﻟﻠراﺳل واﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟذي‬
‫ﺳوف ﯾﺳﺗﻠم ﺑﻌده ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪D1‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪D2‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ھﻧﺎ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟراﺳل ھو ‪ D1‬واﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم ‪ S1‬ﻓﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺳوف ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ‪ Mac Address‬ﻟﻛﻼ اﻟﺟﮭﺎزﯾن‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﻧد وﺻول اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ل ‪ S1‬ﻓﺎﺻﺑﺢ اﻟراﺳل ‪ S1‬واﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم ‪ S2‬ﻓﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ‪ Mac Address‬ﻟﻛﻼ‬
‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎزﯾن ﺣﺗﻲ ﺗﺻل اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ل ‪ D2‬وھﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻠم‪ .‬وﯾﻛون ‪ Mac Address‬ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻟل‪S2 src , D2 dist‬‬
 � ‫ال‬
�‫️ ��م �� يي و��م ��ى سيند ن�ا ��د‬
Physical Layer
is responsible for movements of individual bits from one hop
(node) to the next.
‫ ﻣن ﺟﮭﺎز ﻟﻸﺧر‬bits ‫ ﻟﺗﺳﻠﯾم اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ھﯾﺋﺔ‬،‫ھﻲ اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﯾر ﻓﯾﮭﺎ اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟزء اﻟﻣﺎدي‬
Functions
1- Cables
2- Transfer bits, Data Rate ,…
‫ ﺗﺳﯾر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣواﺻﻼت ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻛل ﻧﺑﺿﺎت‬bits ‫ھﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺋوﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ان ال‬

1- Layer ( 1, 2, 3,4 ) is Lower Layers and (5, 6, 7) is Upper Layers

2- First Layer for source (sender) is Application layer for destination (receiver) is
Physical layer
3- Network Layer & Transport Layer do Addressing
4- Transport layer  Process to Process Message Delivery
5- Network layer  Hub to Hub or Source to Destination Delivery
6- When data in a physical layer we call it Signal (Electromagnetics)
7- Layers support Network  Network + Datalink + Physical Layers
 � ‫ال‬
�‫️ ��م �� يي و��م ��ى سيند ن�ا ��د‬

THE TCP / IP MODEL

The original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined as having four layers:
host-to-network, internet, transport, and application
However
when TCP/IP is compared to OSI, we can say that the TCP/IP protocol
suite is made of five layers:
physical, data link, network, transport, and application.

Topics discussed in this section:

Physical Addresses
Logical Addresses
Port Addresses
Specific Addresses
 � ‫ال‬
�‫️ ��م �� يي و��م ��ى سيند ن�ا ��د‬
Physical address
Know as Link address or (Mac Address )
Physical & Data ling layers have this address
You can`t change this address
The address of node as define by its LAN or WAN
INCLUDES THE FRAME USED BY DATA LINK
Lowest level address .
‫ھو رﻗم اﻟﺗﺻﻧﯾﻊ وﯾﻛون ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﺟﮭﺎز وﯾﻛون ﻓرﯾد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم واﻟذي ﯾﺳﻣﺢ ﻟك ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮫ‬
‫اﻟدﺧول ﻟﻸﻧﺗرﻧت‬

Logical address
It is address at Network Layer
Logical address are necessary for universal communication that are
independent of underlying physical network.
Physical address are not adequate in an internetwork environment
where different network can have different address formats
Logical address in the internet can uniquely define a host connected
to internet
‫ اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﺟﮭﺎز واﻟذي ﻋن طرﯾﻘﮫ ﯾﺗم ﻣﻌرﻓﮫ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑداﺧل اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ وھو ﯾﻛون‬IP ‫ھو ال‬
‫ﻣﻧﻔرد وﻏﯾر ﻣﺗﻛرر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﮫ ﻓﻘط‬
Port address
IP address and physical address are necessary for quantity of data to
travel from source to designation hots.
It use Process to Process delivery
‫ ﻟﻛﻲ‬port ‫ اﺳﻣﮫ ال‬IP ‫ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ رﻗم ﺑﺟﺎﻧب ھذا ال‬IP ‫ وﺑﺟﺎﻧب ال‬IP ‫ھو أﻋطﺎء اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟذي ﺳوف ﯾدﺧل ﻟﮫ‬process ‫ﯾﻌﻣل ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ال‬
Specific address
‫ ﻏﯾره‬IP ‫ھو ﻋﻧوان ﯾﺗم ﺣﺟزه ﻟﻠﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑك ﺑﺣﯾث ﻻ ﯾﺄﺧذ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز أي‬