Study Isle

.Ashiana Aangan

Worksheet Name: 3d Geometry Standard: 12th Science Subject: Mathematics

Q1. The length of the perpendicular drawn from the point (4, -7, 3) on the y-axis is:
A3 units B4 units C5 units D7 units
Ans: C 5 units
Solution:
The length of the perpendicular drawn from the point (4, -7, 3) on the y-axis is
⇒ Point on the y-axis would be = (0, -7, 0)
The length of the perpendicular drawn = √(4 − 0)2 + (−7 − (−7))2 + (3 − 0)2
2 2 2
= √4 + 0 + 3

⇒ √16 + 0 + 9

= √25

= 5

Q2. If the cartesian equations of a line are 3−x =

y+4
=
2z−6
, write the vector equation for the
5 7 4

line.
Ans: →
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r = (3 i − 4 j + 3k) + λ(−5 i + 7 j + 2k).

Q3. Find the coordinates of the point where the line x−1
=
y+4
=
z+4
cuts the line xy-plane.
3 7 2

Ans: x−1
=
y+4
=
z+4
= k
3 7 2

Any point,
x = 3k + 1
y = 7k - 4
z = 2k - 4
2k - 4 = 0
2k = 4
4
k =
2

k=2
x = 3k + 1 = 3 × 2 + 1 = 7
y = 7k - 4 = 7 × 2 - 4 = 10
z = 2k - 4 = 2 × 2 - 4 = 0
Q4. If a line makes angles 90°, 135°, 45° with the x, y and z axes respectively, find its direction
cosines.
Ans: A line makes 90°, 135°, 45° with x, y and zx axes respectively.
Therefore, Direction cosines of the line are: cos 90°, cos 135°
⇒ Direction cosines of the line are 0, − 1 , 1
√2 √2

Q5. The image of the point (2, –1, 4) in the YZ-plane is:
A(0, –1, 4) B(–2, –1, 4) C(2, 1, –4) D(2, 0, 4)
Ans: B (–2, –1, 4)
Solution:
Q6. Write the direction cosines of a line equally inclined to the three coordinate axes.
Ans:
1 1 1
[ , , ].
√3 √3 √3

Q7. Find the vector equation of the line which passes through the point (3, 4, 5) and is parallel to the
vector 2^i + 2^j − 3k.
^

Ans: Vector equation of a line which passes through a point (3, 4, 5) and parallel to the vector
2 i + 2 j − 3k is
^ ^ ^

→r = 3^i + 4^j + 5k
^ ^ ^ ^
+ μ(2 i + 2 j − 3k)

Q8. If a line has direction ratios 2, –1, –2, then what are its direction cosines?
Ans: 2
,
−1
,
−2
. .
3 3 3

Q9. Find the value of ‘p’ for which the vectors 3^i + 2^j + 9k
^ ^ ^ ^
and i − 2p j + 3k are parallel.

Ans: p = −
1
.
3

Q10. Write the distance of the point (3, – 5, 12) from x-axis.
Ans: √(−5)
2
+ (12)
2
= 13

Q11. Find the value of k so that the lines x = -y = kz and x - 2 = 2y + 1 = -z + 1 are perpendicular to
each other.
Ans: Two lines x = -y = kz and x - 2 = 2y + 1 = -z + 1 are perpendicular.
x y z
= = . . . (1)
1 −1 1

k
1
y+
x−2 2 z−1
= = . . . (2)
1
1 −1
2

x−x1 y−y1 z−z1

On comparing with a1
=
b1
=
c1

we get,
x1 = 0, y = 0, z1 = 0
1
−1
& x2 = 2, y = , z = 1
2 2
1
a1 = +1, b1 = −1, c1 =
k
1
& a2 = 1, b2 = , c2 = 1
2

Since two lines are perpendicular, therefore

a 1 a 2 + b 1 b 2 + c1 c2 = 0
1 1
⇒ 1 × 1 = (−1) × + × (−1) = 0
2 k
1 1
⇒ 1 − − = 0
2 k
k−2
⇒ 1 − = 0
2k

⇒ 2k − k − 2 = 0

k = 2

Q12. The Cartesian equation of a line AB is:

2x−1 y+2 z−3
= =
12 2 3

Find the direction cosines of a line parallel to line AB.

Ans: Equation of line
1
x- y+2
2 z−3
= =
12
2 3
2

Direction ratios of line are 6, 2, 3

Direction cosines of line are ( 7 ,
6 2 3
, )
7 7

Q13. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point A(1, 2, –1) and parallel to the line
5x – 25 = 14 – 7y = 35z.

Ans: Equation of given line is x - 5

=
y - 2
=
z

1/5 −1/7 1/35

Its DR's ⟨ 5 , − 7 ,
1 1 1
⟩ or ⟨7, −5, 1⟩
35

Equation of required line is

→r = (^i + 2^j − k)
^ ^ ^ ^
+ λ(7 i − 5 j + k)

Q14. If'a line makes an angle α, β, γ with the coordinate axes, then find the value of
cos 2α + cos 2β + cos 2γ.

Ans: I = cos α, m = cos 2β, n = cos γ ⇒ cos

2
α + cos
2
β + cos
2
γ = 1 cos 2α + cos 2β + cos 2γ

cos 2α + cos 2β + cos 2γ

2 2 2
= 2 cos α − 1 + 2 cos β + cos γ − 1
2 2 2
= 2(cos α + cos β + cos γ) − 3

= 2 − 3

= −1

Q15. If a line makes 60° and 45° angles with the positive directions of x - axis and z-axis respectively,
then find the angle that it makes with the positive direction of y - axis. Hence, write the direction
cosines of the line.
Ans: l = cos 60
∘
=
1
, n = cos 45
∘
=
1

2 √2

Now, l 2
+ m
2
+ n
2
= 1
1 2 1
⇒ + m + = 1
4 2
2 1 1
⇒ m = ⇒ m = ±
4 2
∘
θ = 60

Required direction cosines are ( 2 ,

1 1 1
, )
2 √2

Q16. Check whether the lines x−1

=
y−2
=
z−3
and
x−4
=
y−1
= z are skew or not.
2 3 4 5 2

Ans: Let, →
a1
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
= i + 2 j + 3k, a2 = 4 i + j →
→ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
b2 = 2 i + 3 j + 4k, b2 = 5 i + 2 j + k
→
→
a 2
→ ^ ^ ^
− a1 = 3 i − j − 3k

→
b 2
→
× b 2
^ ^ ^
= −5 i + 18 j − 11k

Here, (→
a2 → → →
− a1 ). (b2 × b2 ) = −15 − 18 + 33 = 0

Q17. Find the shortest distance between the following two lines:
→r = (1 +λ)^i + (2 -λ)^j + (λ + 1)k;
^

→r = (2^i − ^j − k)
^ ^ ^ ^
+ μ(2 i + j + 2k).

Ans: Here a→1 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

= i + 2 j + k, b1 = i − j + k
→
→ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
a2 = 2 i − j − k, b2 = 2 i + j + 2k
→
→
a 2
→ ^
− a1 = i − 3j − 2k

→
b 1
→
× b 2
^
= −3 i + 3k

∣
→ → →
(b1 ×b2 )⋅(a2 −a1 ) → ∣
Shortest distance (d) = ∣ ∣ → ∣→
∣
∣ b ×b2
∣ 1 ∣ ∣

∣ (−3^ ^
i +3k)⋅( ^
i −3^ ^
j −2k) ∣
=∣ ∣
√9+9
∣ ∣

3 √2
=
9
OR
2
.
3 √2

Q18. Find the shortest distance between the lines

→r = (4^i − ^j) + λ(^i + 2^j − 3k)
^
and →
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r = ( i − j + 2k) + μ(2 i + 4 j − 5k).

Ans: →
r
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
= (4 i − j ) + λ( i + 2 j − 3k)

→a 1
^ ^
= 4i − j
→ ^ ^ ^
b 1 = i + 2 j − 3k

→r = (^i − ^j + 2k)
^ ^ ^ ^
+ μ(2 i + 4 j − 5k)

→a 2
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
= i − j + 2k, b2 = 2 i + 4 j − 5k
→
 ∣ → → →
(a2 −a1 )⋅(b2 ×b2 )
→ ∣
S.D. = ∣ ∣
∣ ∣ →
∣ b1 ×b2 ∣
∣
→ ∣

∣^i
^
j
^
k ∣

→
b1 × b2
→ ∣
= ∣1 2
∣
−3 ∣
∣ ∣
∣2 4 −5 ∣

^ ^ ^
= i (−10 + 12) − j (−5 + 6) + k(4 − 4)

^ ^
= 2i − j
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
∣ (−3 i +0 j +2k)⋅(2 i − j ) ∣
S.D. = ∣ ∣
∣ √4+1 ∣
−6
∣ ∣ 6
= =
∣ √5 ∣ √5

Q19. Find the length and the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, –1, 5) to the line
x - 11 y + 2 z + 8
= = .
10 −4 −11

Ans: Any point P on the line is given by

x = 10λ + 11, y = -4λ - 2, z = - 11λ - 8
The given point is Q (2, -1, 5)
Direction Ratio's of PQ are 10λ + 9, - 4λ - 1, - 11λ - 13
PQ ⊥ to the given line
∴ 10 (10λ + 9) - 4 (-4λ - 1) - 11 (-11λ - 13) = 0

100 λ + 90 + 16λ + 4 + 121λ + 143 = 0

237λ + 237 = 0 ⇒ λ = - 1
∴ The point P is (11 - 10, 4 - 2, 11 - 8)

OR (1, 2, 3)
2 2 2
∴ PQ = (2 - 1) + (-1 - 2) + (5 - 3)
2

= 1 + 9 + 4 = 14
⇒ PQ = √14.

Q20. Find the points on the line x + 2

=
y + 1
=
z - 3
at a distance of 5 units from the point P(1, 3,
3 2 2

3).
Ans: Any point R on the given line is R (3λ − 2, 2λ − 1, 2λ + 3)
PQ2 = (3λ − 3)2 + (2λ − 4)2 + (2λ)2 = 17λ2 − 18λ − 16λ + 25
PQ2 = (5)2 ⇒ 17λ(λ − 2) = 0 ⇒ λ = 0 OR λ = 2
∴ The points are Q (–2, –1, 3) and R (4, 3, 7).

Q21. Find the vector and cartesian equations of the line passing through the point (2, 1, 3) and
x−1 y−2 z−3 y
perpendicular to the lines 1
=
2
=
3
and −3
x
=
2
=
z

5
.

Ans: Let theD.R’s of the required line be a,b , c

∴ a + 2b + 3c = 0

and –3a + 2b + 5c = 0
a b c
⇒ = = ∴ DRS are 2, −7, 4
4 −14 8

x−2 y−1 z-3

∴ Equations of line are 2
=
−7
=
4
→
which, in vector form is, ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r = (2 i + j + 3k) + λ(2 i − 7 j + 4k)

Q22. Show that the lines

→
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r = 3 i + 2 j − 4k + λ( i + 2 j − 2k);
→
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r = 5 i + 2 j + μ(3 i + 2 j + 6k);

are intersecting. Hence find their point of intersection.

Ans: Given lines are
→
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r = 3 i + 2 j − 4k + λ( i + 2 j − 2k);
→
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r = (5 i + 2 j ) + μ(3 i + 2 j + 6k);

Its corresponding Cartesian forms are

x−3 y−2 z+4
= = . . . . . . (i)
1 2 2
x−5 y+2 z−0
= = . . . . . . (ii)
3 2 6
If two lines (i) and (ii) intersect, let interesting point be (α, β, γ).
⇒(α ,β , γ ). satisfy line (i)
α−3 β−2 γ+4
∴ = = = λ (say)
1 2 2

⇒ α = λ + 3, β = 2λ + 2, γ = 2λ − 4

Also (α ,β, γ). satisfy line (ii)

α−5 β+2 γ
∴ = =
3 2 6
λ+3-5 2λ+2+2 2λ-4
= =
3 2 6
λ-2 λ+2 λ-2
= =
3 I 1 II 3 III
λ−2 λ+2
I and II ⇒ = ⇒ λ − 2 = 3λ + 6 ⇒ λ = −4
3 1
λ+2 λ−2
II and III ⇒ = ⇒ λ = −4
1 3

∴ The value of λ is same in both cases.

Hence, both lines intersect each other at point
(α, β, γ) ≡ (−4 + 3, 2 × (−4) + 2, 2(−4) − 4) ≡ (−1, −6, −12)

Q23. Show that the lines 5−x

=
y−7
=
z+3
and
x−8
=
2y−8
=
z−5
are coplanar.
−4 4 −5 7 2 3

Ans: Equations of lines are:

x−5 y−7 z+3 x−8 y−4 z−5
= = ; = =
4 4 −5 7 1 3

Here, x1 = 5, y1 = 7, z1 = – 3 ; x2 = 8, y2 = 4, z2 = 5
a1 = 4, b1 = 4, c1 = – 5 ; a2 = 7, b2 = 1, c2 = 3
∣ x2 − x1 y − y z2 − z1 ∣ ∣3 −3 8 ∣
2 1
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
a1 b1 c1 = 4 4 −5 = 3(17) + 3(47) + 8(– 24) = 0
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
∣ a2 b2 c2 ∣ ∣7 1 3 ∣

∴ lines are co-planar

Q24. Find the value of p, so that the lines l1 : 1−x =
7y−14
=
z−3
and l2 :
7−7x
=
y−5
=
6−z
are
3 p 2 3p 1 5

perpendicular to each other. Also find the equations of a line passing through a point (3, 2,– 4)
and parallel to line l1 .
Ans: Given lines can be written as
1−x y−2 z−3 x−1 y−5 z−6
l1 : −3
= =
2
; l2 : =
1
=
−5
p/7 −3p/7

since the lines are perpendicular

3p p
∴ (−3)( − ) + ( )(1) + (2)(−5) = 0
7 7

⇒ p=7
Equation of line passing through (3, 2, – 4) and parallel to l1 is
x−3 y−2 z+4
= =
−3 1 2

Q25. Find the shortest distance between the following lines whose vector equations are:
→
^ ^ ^
r = (1 - t) i + (t - 2) j + (3 - 2t)k and
→
^ ^ ^
r = (s + 1) i + (2s - 1) j − (2s + 1)k

Ans: Equations of the lines are,

→ ^ ^
^ ^ ^ ^
r = ( i − 2 j + 3k) + t(− i + j − 2k) and
→ ^ ^
^ ^ ^ ^
r = ( i − j − k) + s( i + 2 j − 2k)
→ →
∣ → → ∣
( a2 − a1 )⋅( b1 × b2 )
∣ ∣
shortest distance = ∣→ →∣
where
∣ b1 × b2 ∣
∣ ∣

→ → → →
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
a1 = i − 2 j + 3k, a2 = i − j − k, b1 = − i + j − 2k, b2 = i + 2 j − 2k,

→ → → →
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
a2 − a1 = j − 4k, b1 × b2 = 2 i − 4 j − 3k
0−4+12 8
∴ S.D. = = .
√29 √29

Q26. Show that the points A, B, C with position vectors

2 i − j + k, i − 3 j − 5k and 3 i − 4 j − 4k respectively, are the vertices of a right-angled
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

triangle. Hence find the area of the triangle.

Ans: → ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ → ^
AB = − i − 2 j − 6k, BC = 2 i − j + k, CA = − i + 3 j + 5k
→
Since AB,→ BC,
→ CA,
→ are not parallel vectors, and → →
AB + BC + CA = 0 ∴ A, B, C
→ → form a
triangle
Also BC. CA = 0
→ → ∴ A, B, C form a right triangle
Area ofΔ =
1 →
|AB × BC| =
→ 1
√210
2 2

Q27. A line passes through (2, –1, 3) and is perpendicular to the lines
→ →
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r = ( i + j − k) + λ(2 i − 2 j + k) and r = (2 i − j − 3k) + μ( i + 2 j + 2k). Obtain
its equation in vector and cartesian form.
Ans: The direction perpendicular to the given lines is given by
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(2 i − 2 j + k) × ( i + 2 j + 2k)

^ ^ ^
⎡ i j k⎤

⎢ ⎥ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
= 1 ⎥ = −6 i − 3 j + 6k or 2 i + j − 2k
⎢2 −2

⎣ ⎦
1 2 2

∴ Vector equation of required line is

→
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r = (2 i − j + 3k) + λ(2 i + j − 2k)

and the cartesian form is

x−2 y+1 z−3
= = .
2 1 −2

Q28. Find the Vector and Cartesian equations of the line passing through the point (1, 2, – 4) and
x - 8 y + 19 z - 10 x - 15 y - 29 z - 5
perpendicular to the two lines 3
=
−16
=
7
and
3
=
8
=
−5
.

Ans: Equations of the line can be written as x - 1

=
y - 2
=
z + 4
since the line is perpendicular to two
a b c

given lines
∴ 3a – 16b + 7c = 0 and 3a + 8b – 5c = 0
a b c
∴ = =
24 36 72

Hence the equations of the line are

x - 1 y - 2 z + 4 x - 1 y - 2 z + 4
= = OR = =
24 36 72 2 3 6

and the vector form is

→
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r = ( i + 2j − 4k) + λ(2i + 3j + 6k)

Q29. Show that the lines X+1 =

y+3
=
z+5
and
x−2
=
y−4
=
z−6
intersect. Also find their point
3 5 7 1 3 5

of intersection.
Ans: let x+1
=
y+3
=
z+5
= u;
x−2
=
y−4
=
z−6
= v
3 5 7 1 3 5

General points on the lines are

(3u – 1, 5u – 3, 7u – 5) & (v + 2, 3v + 4, 5v + 6)
lines intersect if
3u – 1 = v + 2, 5u – 3 = 3v + 4, 7u – 5 = 5v + 6 for some u & v
or 3u – v = 3 ........... (1), 5u – 3v = 7 .............. (2), 7u – 5v = 11 ................... (3)
1 3
Solving equations (1) and (2),weget u = 2 , v = − 2
Putting u&v in equation (3), 7. 12 − 5( −
3

2
) = 11 ∴ lines intersect

Point of intersection of lines is: ( 2 , − 2 , − 2 ).

1 1 3

Q30. If ^i + ^j + k,
^
2 i + 5 j , 3 i + 2 j − 3k and i − 6 j − k respectively are the position vectors of
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

points A, B, C and D, then find the angle between the straight lines AB and CD. Find whether
→ and CD
AB
→ are collinear or not.
Ans: Given:
The position vector of A is ^i + ^j + k.
^

The position vector of B is 2^i + 5^j.

→
Therefore, AB ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
= (2 − 1) i + (5 − 1) j + (0 − 1)k = i + 4j − k

The position vector of C is 3^i + 2^j − 3k

^
and
The postion vector of D is ^i − 6^j − k.
^

Therefore,
→ ^ ^
CD = (1 − 3) i + (−6 − 2) j

^ ^ ^ ^
+ (−1 + 3)k = −2 i − 8j + 2k
→
AB.CD
→
cos θ =
→
|AB||CD|
→
−2−32−2
⇒ cos θ = = −1
√18√72
∘
⇒ θ = 180

→ and CD
Since, angle between Line AB and CD is 180°, therefore AB → are collinear.
Q31. Find the angle between the following pair of lines:
-x + 2 y - 1 z + 3 x + 2 2y - 8

−2
=
7
=
−3
and −1
=
4
=
z -5

and check whether the lines are parallel or perpendicular.

Ans: x−2
=
y−1
=
z+3

2 7 −3

x+2 y−4 z−5

= =
−1 2 4

The direction ratios of given lines are

2, 7, -3 and -1, 2, 4
Let θbe the angle between these lines, then
2(−1)+7(2)+(−3)4
cos θ = = 0
√4+49+9⋅√1+4+16
π
⇒ θ =
2

Hence the lines are perpendicular to each other.

Q32. Two motorcycles A and B are running at the speed more than the allowed speed on the roads
represented by the lines →
r
^ ^ ^
= λ( i + 2 j − k) and →
r
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
= (3 i + 3 j ) + μ(2 i + j + k)

respectively.

Based on the above information, answer the following Questions:

1. Find the shortest distance between the given lines.
2. Find the point at which the motorcycles may collide
Ans: 1. →
a1
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
= 0 i + 0 j + 0k, a2 = 3 i + 3 j →
→ ^
→ ^
a2 − a1 = 3 i + 3 j

∣^ ^ ^ ∣
i j k
→
b1 × b2
→ ∣
= ∣1 2
∣
−1 ∣
∣ ∣
∣2 1 1 ∣

^ ^ ^
= 3 i − 3 j − 3k

→ → → →
|(a2 −a1 ).(b1 ×a2 ).|
SD =
1
→ →
|(b ×b )|
2

Now, (a→2 → → → →
− a1 ). (b1 × b2 ) = (3 i + 3 j )(3 i − 3 j − 3k)
→ → → →
= 9 − 9 = 0

Shortest distance between two lines = 0

2. Any point on the line →
r = λ( i + 2 j − k) is λ i + λ2 j − λk
^ ^ ^ ^ ^

Any point on the line →r = λ3 i + 3 j + μ(2 i + j + k) is (2μ + 3) i + (μ + 3) j + μk

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

As the lines are intersecting,

λ = 2μ + 3, 2λ = μ + 3

On solving μ = −1, λ = 1
Point of intersection is ^i + 2^j − k
^
or (1, 2, −1)
Q33.
 Find the vector and cartesian equations of the line which is perpendicular to the lines with
x+2 y−3 z+1 x−1 y−2 z−3
equations 1
=
2
=
4
and 2
=
3
=
4
and passes through the point (1, 1, 1).
Also find the angle between the given lines.
Ans: Required line is passing through (1, 1, 1)
x−1 y−1 z−1
= = . . . (i)
a b c

Given lines
x+2 y−3 z+1
= = . . . (ii)
1 2 4
x−1 y−2 z−3
and 2
=
3
=
4
. . . (iii)

→
b1 = ai + bj + ck

→
b 2 = i + 2j + 4k

→
b 3 = 2i + 3j + 4k

b1 b2 = 0 and b1 b3 = 0

⇒ a + 2b + 4c = 0 . . . (iv)

and 2a + 3b + 4c = 0 . . . (v)
a b c
= =
8−12 8−4 3−4
a b c
= = = λ
−4 4 −1

a = −4λ, b = 4λ c = λ

put the values of a, b, c in equation 1

x−1 y−1 z−1
= =
−4λ 4λ λ

x−1 y−1 z−1

⇒ = =
−4 4 1

→r = (i + j + k) + λ(−4i + 4j − k)
Given two lines are (−2i + 3j − k) + λ(i + 2j + 4k)
and (i + j + 3k) + 4(2i + 3j + 4k)
Angle between them is
b1 .b2
∣ ∣
cos θ =
∣ |b1 |.|b2 | ∣
(i+2j+4k).(2i+3j+4k)
cos θ =
√21.√29

∣ 2+6+16 ∣ ∣ 24 ∣
cos θ = =
∣ √21.√29
∣ ∣ √21.√29
∣

−1 24
θ = cos ( )
√609

Q34. Show that the lines x−2

=
y−2
=
z−3
and
x−2
=
y−3
=
z−4
intersect. Also, find the
1 3 1 1 4 2

coordinates of the point of intersection. Find the equation of the plane containing the two lines.
Ans: x−2
=
y−2
=
z−3
= λ (say)
1 3 1

x−2 y−3 z−4

and 1
=
3
=
2
= μ (say)
Arbitrary points on the lines are
⇒ (λ + 2, 3λ + 2, λ + 3) and (μ + 2, 4μ + 3, 2μ + 4)

⇒ λ + 2 = μ + 2, and λ + 3 = 2μ + 4

λ = μ, solving we get λ = −1, μ = −1

λ = −1, μ = −1 satisfying y-coordinates 3λ + 2 = 4μ + 3

∴ Point of intersection is (1, –1, 2)

Equation of plane passing through two given lines are

∣x − 2 y − 2 z − 3∣
∣ ∣
1 3 1 = 0
∣ ∣
∣ 1 4 2 ∣

⇒ 2x − y + z − 5 = 0

Q35. If the lines x - 1

=
y - 2
=
z - 3
and x - 1
=
y - 2
=
z - 3
are perpendicular, find the value of k
−3 -2k 2 k 1 5

and hence find the equation of plane containing these lines.

Ans: The lines are x - 1
=
y - 2
=
z - 3
and x - 1
=
y - 2
=
z - 3

−3 -2k 2 k 1 5

the lines are perpendicular ⇒ ( – 3) k + (–2 k) 1 + 2 (5) = 0

– 3 k – 2 k + 10 = 0 ⇒ k=2
y - 2 z - 3 y - 2 z - 3
∴ The lines become x - 1

−3
=
−4
=
2
,
x - 1

2
=
1
=
5

The equation of plane containing the lines is

∣x - 1 y - 2 z - 3∣
∣ ∣
−3 −4 2 = 0
∣ ∣
∣ 2 1 5 ∣

⇒ – 22 (x – 1) – (y – 2) (– 19) + (z – 3) 5 = 0
⇒ – 22x + 19y + 5z = 31

OR 22x – 19y – 5z + 31 = 0.
Q36. If lines x−1
=
y+1
=
z−1
and
x−3
=
y−k
=
z
intersect, then find the value of k and hence
2 3 4 1 2 1

find the equation of the plane containing these lines.

Ans: Any point on line x−1
=
y+1
=
z−1
is(2λ + 1, 3λ − 1, 4λ + 1)
2 3 4
2λ+1−3 3λ−1−k 4λ+1 3 9
∴ = = ⇒ λ = − , hence k =
1 2 1 2 2

Eqn. of plane containing three lines is

∣x - 1 y + 1 z - 1∣
∣ ∣
2 3 4 = 0
∣ ∣
∣ 1 2 1 ∣

⇒ -5 ( x - 1) + 2 (y + 1) + 1 (z - 1) = 0

i.e 5x - 2y - z - 6 = 0

Q37. The vector equations of two lines are:

→ →
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
r = i + 2 j + 3k + λ( i − 3 j + 2k)and r = 4 i + 5 j + 6k + μ(2 i − 3 j + k)

Find the shortest distance between the above lines.

Ans: →
^ ^ ^
→
^ ^ ^
Here a 1 = i + 2 j + 3k, b 1 = i − 3 j + 2k
→
→
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
a 2 = 4 i + 5 j + 6k, b 2 = 2 i + 3 j + k
→ →
^ ^ ^
∴ a 2 − a 1 = 3 i + 3 j + 3k

∣^ ^ ^∣
i j k
→ → ∣ ∣
^ ^ ^
b 1 × b 2 = ∣1 −3 2 ∣ = −9 i + 3 j + 9k
∣ ∣
∣2 3 1∣
→ →
∣ ∣ 2 2 2
∴ = √9 + 3 + 9 = √171
∣ b 1× b 2
∣

∴ Shorted distance d is given by

→ → → →
∣ ( b1 × b1 ).( a2 − a1 ) ∣
d = ∣ ∣
→ →
∣ ∣
∣ b1 × b1 ∣
∣ ∣

∣ −27+9+27 ∣ 9 3
= ∣ ∣ = =
∣ √171 ∣ √171 √19

Q38. Find the vector and Cartesian equations of a line passing through (1, 2, –4) and perpendicular
x−8 y + 19 x−15 y - 29
to the two lines 3
=
−16
=
z - 10

7
and
3
=
8
=
z - 5

−5
.

Ans: Equation of line L1 passing through (1, 2, –4) is

x - 1 y - 2 z + 4
= =
a b c

x - 8 y + 19 z - 10
L2 : = =
3 −16 7

x - 15 y - 29 z - 5
L3 : = =
3 8 −5

∴ L1 ⊥ L2 ⇒ 3a – 16b + 7c = 0

L1 ⊥ L3 ⇒ 3a + 8b – 5c = 0

Solving, we get
a b c a b c
= = ⇒ = =
24 36 72 2 3 6

∴ Required cartesian equation of line

x - 1 y - 2 z + 4
= =
2 3 6

Vector equation
→r = (^i + 2^j − 4k)
^ ^ ^ ^
+ λ(2 i + 3 j + 6k)