American Revolution

Course Name: European History Highlights

Course Code : EHH 2105

Prepared By
S M H Mahir Tajwar
ID :222431086
Batch :32th(Section B)

Prepared For
MD. SHAHREAR MAHMOOD
Lecturer
Department Of English , SMUCT
 American Revolution

The American Revolution was a pivotal moment in American history, even in world history as
well because this event sent shock waves around the world and the effect can be felt in our
modern day. The purpose of this assignment is to learn about some key events ,causes and
most importantly the legacy of the American revolution.

Causes & Beginning of revolution

Seven years was one the major conflict fought between biggest power in Europe , the war
stated form 1756 and ended in 1763, th war raged on in all over europe and across all of the
continent , in American soil the war fought between colonies form France,Spain and Great
Britain , the cost of war were too great for Britain they wanted their money back from their
colonies in America and the way of that getting money were keep increasing taxes ,Britain
put multiple controversial act as Sugar act 1764 , Stamp act 1765 , Townshend acts 1767 ,
Tea acts 1773 . Consequences of these acts were harsh , also boston massacre in 1770
and later 1773 sons of liberty disguised as native American destroyed tea imports from
Britain only raised the tension .

Aftermath of these events, the first continental congress established in Philadelphia 1774 ,
George Washinton of Virginia John and Sam Adams from Massachusetts John Jay of New
York ,gave their voice to Great Britain but they didn't listen and Britain sent more troops .

The shot heard round the world

One the nights of April 18, 1775 ,seven hundreds British troop march from Boston to
Concord size the ammunition , Paul Revere saw and ride to warn about the british marching
toward concord and Willam Dawes also Samuel Prescott ride with Paul later on 40 man also
ride with as well to warn about the redcoats marching. After that British soldiers clashed with
local militia in Lexington marking the shot heard round the world and beginning of the
revolution.

Key events of the war

Members of the Second Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia and included
recently appointed members Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, decided to establish
a Continental Army under the leadership of George Washington. At Breed's Hill in Boston,
on June 17, in the Revolution's first significant engagement, colonial forces severely
wounded General William Howe's British regiment. The British won the battle, dubbed the
Battle of Bunker Hill, but continental army refused to break ,finding optimism and hope.

Washington's forces fought to contain the British in Boston during that autumn and winter,
but in the latter part of the conflict, artillery taken from Fort Ticonderoga in New York helped
tip the scales. The British army left the city in march 1776 and evacuated to Canada and
prepared for a major invasion of New York.
In an attempt to put an end to the uprising, the British government dispatched nearly 34,000
soldiers and a sizable fleet to New York in the same month. The Continental Army was
soundly defeated by Howe's Redcoats on Long Island in August, forcing Washington to
withdraw his forces from New York City by September. After being forced over the Delaware
River, Washington battled back, mounting a surprise offensive on Christmas Eve in Trenton,
New Jersey, and winning another battle at Princeton to rekindle the rebels' dwindling hopes
before moving into Morristown for the winter.

In 1777, the British devised a two-pronged attack strategy to drive out the rebels from New
England, which was the most popularly supported of loyalist provinces. In order to
accomplish this, General John Burgoyne's army marched from Canada southward in
anticipation of encountering Howe's soldiers on the Hudson River. In July, Burgoyne's
soldiers decisively defeated the Americans by seizing Fort Ticonderoga, while Howe moved
his force southward from New York to face Washington's army close to the Chesapeake
Bay. On September 11, the British routed the Americans at Brandywine Creek,
Pennsylvania, and on September 25, they took over Philadelphia. After regrouping to attack
Germantown in early October, Washington withdrew his troops due to winter quarters close
to Valley Forge.

Due to Howe's manoeuvre, Burgoyne's army was exposed close to Saratoga, New York,
and on September 19, General Horatio Gates' American force destroyed the British at
Freeman's Farm in the first Battle of Saratoga. On October 17, Burgoyne surrendered his
remaining soldiers following another setback on October 7 at Bemis Heights (the Second
Battle of Saratoga). The American Revolution's pivotal moment came from the American
triumph at Saratoga, which prompted France—which had been covertly supporting the
rebels since 1776—to directly join the American cause, even though it wouldn't technically
declare war on Great Britain until June 1778.

Between 1779 and 1781, the Americans experienced multiple setbacks such as General
Benedict Arnold's defection to the British and the first significant mutinies within the
Continental Army. Georgia was under British occupation by early 1779, and Charleston,
South Carolina, was taken by them in May 1780. After that, American forces led by Gates
were routed by British forces under Lord Charles Cornwallis at Camden in mid-August, but
the Americans triumphed over Loyalist forces at King's Mountain in early October. That
December, Gates was succeeded as the American commander in the South by Nathanael
Green. On January 17, 1781, at Cowpens, South Carolina, General Daniel Morgan defeated
a British force under the command of Colonel Banastre Tarleton.

A combined French and American attack forced British troops to surrender and that was the
largest British army surrendered in the war. The Battle of Yorktown was crucial for american
victory but it was not the end war wage for two more years then at end September 3, 1783 in
the treaty of paris Britain recognized independence of America . The war is finally over.

Conclusion
Revolutionary war of america spread revolution all over the globe , people see hope , hope
to be free from tyranny , later on France heavy involvement of the war one of the reason fell
to their revolution as well ,also in the future United States of America will be juggernaut or
the force to be recon with.
 References

“The American Revolution - Oversimplified (Part 1).” YouTube,

YouTube, 30 Aug. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?
v=gzALIXcY4pg&t=420s.

“The American Revolution - Oversimplified (Part 2).” YouTube,

YouTube, 30 Aug. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?
v=rtYC2jx1LM0&t=227s.

BRINKLEY, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. McGraw-Hill US Higher

Ed USE Legacy, 2015.

Cogliano, Francis D. “History - British History in Depth: Was the

American Revolution Inevitable?” BBC, BBC, 17 Feb. 2011,
www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/american_revolutio
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“The Declaration of Independence : A Study in the History of

Political Ideas : Becker, Carl Lotus, 1873-1945 : Free Download,
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“Revolutionary War - Timeline, Facts & Battles.” History.Com, A&E

Television Networks,
www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution-
history. Accessed 29 Nov. 2023.

“Timeline of the Revolution.” National Parks Service, U.S.

Department of the Interior,
www.nps.gov/subjects/americanrevolution/timeline.htm. Accessed
29 Nov. 2023.