b DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER 1 OPHl Phinonunon = Ryledion, Refradion, Inkoyorance , dittrattion and polarisation light - light bb Uukomagniic wt and most 4 the phunomenon exp! Night asa wale. Kinic th cl eplaind Jalned considiting jase and yadiaHon —> Blatk Body spednim —r cannot be ing wove nakuw 4 Yadiahion —- oplaination sequins quankir papi Quankzaion ¢ anvigy —+ ]S¢ proposed by planck —> faplain Blade Body specu Planck popes that dceigy is mitt im pakls (ii) at high hequnds enviqy So pach is large Planck modi Hund ow fo be basis ppt % Tu photoduvic yet = Heinrich hwtkz diswovered pholodumic Yet in 1887 Tru surface which amis Hu alidrons, whan luminakd with abpraprale tinstin tony . XL YodiaHon is known a8 a phoosensitve The pptnomuon lace- anission 6 eltdrons from a MUA surface , when Ya ditlion q apmopriak ftouwty is inddunf on iE is Know os protodtdric peut us 7 aS Etcurons V YadiaHior, bt co een f, —Quorte Wi claw Prous 4 holo mic fa (praise) mils Ole ¥ Expodimuntal Slup Photodutric effect 3 oe totitdor plat 4b wonsist A vawald gltas Hub, quartz : window , Josunsive rua) plak freittot [Catha) , colledor (antec) , voltage bore and asmilde frecks polite) —r+ve + aclu te dahon — aculvtating pokniia) Arche fornia —* “VO —* sands tu dutron —* vaxding pokntial ie Jorochnmaht seine of light —* Ngh Fitgueva —» pov yavueniqth¥ Wsevation hom vee on pholodiune effect: oi ADV trun durong willl be emiHd no enalteh, hora given }rquin Howarth small th nt radiahon will be. Ws inddint yequin Uo is sain for a givuy muda) and iF muta (tien) bo = Theshold a Changs Ve changes 7 2 No time (ag od inddina iy ht and emisston of dein 4f stayed hn Io Se tstn Aye inks y is i loo raed 3 tor a a gun bs inddune radiaHon ond oa a ff Vis Yue, a}? inks pholoaument : Tee 3 P f i thw eanlingey x Prolourent + Photowment (Z) with oo us Fe in poknkal 4m wollor pl a mite Fe I wos dip unt on \) $8 eh & SF wou find: Y/ Snip TZ inouass with voll but adh Jt remain constant "ht constant wren = Suture cunent < +Rulayding pokn Hal, 5: binvlax te 34 point a a (Vv) and inddinh frequniy (¥) fixed sy indcins yadiakon’ vuared gaktvalion any alto inuilasd ain ie Inkndity o¢ Sukurdhon wirenk~ 6 Maximum Kinde @rogy (KEma) (and hina maximum wuoeiy) q dudron te on th pokntiol (Vy for a given mifa) and on hey xquanyy inddind Yodjabion. $+ is induypendant on inns qty inudurd yacltabion fe KE= £(v,V) fora guy plak. KE + f (intnsity) eral (-Vo) pholourrerd shops Eat e. shopping pourra: Vo+f {intel oe radliahon) Yo= Ff (inddurd a) Vo 15 oliftount fe di emir. Plak- 2 Trknsily = f (Saturation unint) + F ( frequany 8) 4 Veo f(y . ft sopping pokrial =f ( hequincy) Acalerabing poknial —> tie buom zero): Vo wasloppin pokntia) We) voxied incayiy with frquiney (9) Ear aad a mitals , the slope | sith straight linus uu he ae ee }equinuy and ofepping joknial 9 Ph =f [4okensi aa F [dnknsity) + F{ fequinyy) * Foilue gow Hunry I Thslantanious emission 9 duran 07 inddene 6 thuory it will tok, up minus 2 hots Woks jundion metal (2) The minimum arrount ergy Aequirtd 4o be provided Jo an eledron Jo poll v out 8 the pried ror the unfaie js. called the work pandion 4 ty mba ( 4 is wprasd 19 duran Volt. (el) , cee a Bs ALaeing Jo wove Hunpy , trequiny a inddind yadialion, hos no stole ni Ah Hinde 4 photoeedrons - < ada ¥€ Einskin’s Foshuads §) Guantzahon go} Erugy & iu Pe Ais dé Zinshin proposed that wider certain wondion , tight benaves RS Powtice and ii energy 1 Sdtabd ot atsorbed ini bundle 49 eu aah Erwigy gf ead proton E=hY Sern photons = wohuu. +9 = Srequinuy 4 igh Ay = plane's constant = EM’ ae = 6626xlo°* Ts Ech is a swalion buwur partis tik prpuly Erngu (E) and a wave Ike propoby pee (vy) & callid os Binskin Slaton * Ginshin’s HuaHon hdds good F unin didromagrutic spurim Also we Know =n) ‘fom $80W) light. Aleord a 750 Clk ihn laa REE SBOE ot PE (Gn eV) ZO Te cs, ’ ee UA) Diana): | eat un in Bood Hes ofbrosiale formula suquind ig. @rhame, — SeExplainalion using Einglain posrulade- 6 quantization of egy: ¥ Eledrony will be” emitted vr if envigy guod by tne dturon is mo thin OF tqual to the work junction » Regen , hyzp, o herb, Minirum aa oY Hixshold hequingy , Similarly = 7%, 4 Ih Vole 5 a he ye. Se @. 7 i, he Dog ie if No =, Is Condition P emission q duhon is ; WZ Vo os De Nn & ( re = Vo itd VEINS requen Gf inudird Yoda™ showd be gece then of at Hu most equal thewhold a - (90) OYWaveleryh Of inddtd Yodiahon howd be less thin oy ak the most equa t® thvahold Glen [Ac) ZNo He Ing bywun inddunce 6} light and emission o| eidron & Inknsity ec No of enwigy quanta | photons) F 4 Au ng ia), your pokniial ond sahurahon cuntnt: B Snknsity cc. Nurabor qiddsat protons x sahulion creer: 6 KEmk = Eo > _._KEmox = hv, __ (Eien Probrelitic eVo 1 dltchon jus pus to Hoth tu coludor ié Ht has lost oll ils Kinwic Snug y JS) a the wluthoy Hun K'Emax = @Vo and at his sage phdoarnend buon pe 3B hom Eingiuins _ phoboelturic qual Son KEmx = hv- ® oo. Kern = =~ & DES be tVo = hv - hve See Rea rcaenn / D “Ro ‘oe EY phe Vozhth — Ct \ fs ce ea ane Lompoxing ik wi eM gee 5 acs m= 3 2 slope | = he © - Vo vaxius |i with YF + Slope dupends on h Be + Sndotupls dupinds” on mauval through db, 9 Photo wnt = $ (Snide Swkansi bf , Pokniial ™)) +f (inddint pequiny8) F Wow pavide Puolity of tudromageslic adiotion Always rimenbx — pontice —* momunkun & Envigy Per, War, ——? pqutny and a f aid ray of dubvoraagndic: raalion ‘os taf bay mon iy 1924 : ing of X-rays” du te dudrorn 6) maHOr Photon ha» a Mmomunbunn along wih, fre erwigy it oe oe + fil photon eo} 2 Peaestquune) Devegnctpie m- f fs ei i ad ou nt ia by dior oy magndic fidds- - Pholon hab podids like tollision . An photon, poids wllision , CUXg) and TROMUN HUN hu Systm axe cons bud rumba of phoon is Ni torauived: E Proton move with the spud light, ? ig nue ab Just + fat mab 4 photon is zw Srbnpoune ond dithacion — wave Ke nokune photo dednic upd urd Black body yodiodon — porte Wks mobune* Photo Cel ° Photo cu) is a davite thot ‘mak, um 6} pholodieric ted ond converls light uwigy inte didyical splicaKos “Jo opural aa and in light at dues ; Ugh muuis in photographic camuas «Jo swith on oy off the Shut light Counky in (our quvids or fo sia alaxry ao Sduntily oye law dyads - EDe- Broglie Hyporhusis [Pinu louis dk re) / On tre tals 8 symmury Xisting din nahin, De Broglie proposal that May vali “fossas dual nature Thi momenium (p) cawued by o phot fre sation pie whut. P= momenkim (az) ic = mass xvuou ty Aso , poe shy = pemy ec" X - Me. ea Enwgy (3) Dee Broglie Wavelength (>) Is glum bY = planks tonstard (53) pase shat V = dequina (Hz) p mv f % C= speed of light = 3x10" m| Sor a pontide mass 'm’ wn sith a uoaly Rae 4 ee i (V), fhe Krutic ung (Ex) is =rwailing GH) Eno mv= i V2 [Ee mV [21m Ex We Know , Ponta) ditounce [V) , charge (4) and work (W) is given by Ve Ws We Vg, [Hew tomk 1s a form of Kinutic €rugy) ton 9 tnwvigy (E) i given ven by 7 Pea ei eer mv fmen (ama hove. - oe holds gor charged pootide like proton, electro or ig) arn Onarged ici r Sal “o f ie ,O Ser an davon only d= _h ~2me\ BMinnm) = 1228 or NAA) sabe VV (volts) V (volts) € Wave propody of an elidron op wnfimid_ in 1924 by Davisson and Guu in iq and in 1928 by Gunrge P Thompson in England by alifracion o} ded» bY om in rll ix Davigson ond Gunn Sy : t puuten the Inddint eichon end seoyud © dears Scabining angle ©: mye a ala} pokrvial a AYN bp Dovisson y, tworun oud Ot : 3 pind BEY “an ae 0 peak of sealtoung ae: “ SV 2 1228 ot He 1226 co “5 = OlbFNMm oo pal 6F A Wave pontide dull malt Maldal paws shows wave HAL noline undot wttain Craumstanes - This phinomunon is Known as wave paid duality: 6} malt Freguunty (03) ond vOuve numba. (Kk) — wove ross tm) and ‘momentum [?) — portides | Wow patil duly 4 sal + mmicrosmnyic object (sizes < 10°ry) Wovelungl, —» macrdsco} ne Yk —+ auglighhle —» -:not Considued os woowe fea cae) Wave lung — microsinpic of —= Signiticard — considiid a» wane {uurn)