10/3/22, 12:10 PM AD3301 - Unit II - Part 1 .
ipynb - Colaboratory
Importing matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import random
Setting Styles in graphs
print(plt.style.available)
data = np.random.randn(50)
data
randn() function creates an array of specified shape and fills it with random values as per
standard normal distribution
#plt.style.use('Solarize_Light2')
plt.style.use('dark_background')
#plt.style.use('ggplot')
plt.plot(data)
plt.show doesn't make any differences in notebooks such as colab, jupyter or spyder
plt.show is required to display if we are running the code on IDLE
Two Interfaces for the Price of One
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(data)
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(data)
subplot(nrows, ncols, index)
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10/3/22, 12:10 PM AD3301 - Unit II - Part 1 .ipynb - Colaboratory
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1) the figure has 1 row, 2 columns, and this plot is the first plot.
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2) the figure has 1 row, 2 columns, and this plot is the second plot
index should be = No.of Rows * No.of.Columns
Saving Figures to File
Saving the file and downloading in Colab
In other notebooks the file will be saved in the working directory
from google.colab import files
plt.savefig("abc.png")
files.download("abc.png")
Object-oriented interface
plt.figure() is used to create a figure object
Mainly used when we want to fix the size of the figure and when we want to add multiple Axes
objects in a single figure.
#fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7,4)) #Optional code
fig, ax_lst = plt.subplots(3) # returns a tuple containing figure and axes object(s)
ax_lst[0].plot(data)
ax_lst[1].plot(data)
ax_lst[2].plot(data)
plt.subplots() is a function that returns a tuple containing a figure and axes object(s). plt.figure()
and plt.axes(). Thus when using fig, ax = plt.subplots() you unpack this tuple into the variables
fig and ax
#Alternate method
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes()
Simple Line Plots
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10/3/22, 12:10 PM AD3301 - Unit II - Part 1 .ipynb - Colaboratory
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.stats import norm
# Plot between -10 and 10 with .001 steps.
x_axis = np.arange(-100, 100, 0.01)
plt.style.use('ggplot')
plt.plot(x_axis)
# Alternate method
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes()
#Calculating mean and standard deviation
mean = np.mean(x_axis)
sd = np.std(x_axis)
y_axis = norm.pdf(x_axis, mean, sd)
ax.plot(x_axis, y_axis)
Adjusting the Plot: Line Colors and Styles
Line Style
You can use the keyword argument linestyle, or shorter ls, to change the style of the plotted line:
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes()
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis, mean, sd),linestyle = 'dotted')
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis+10, mean, sd),linestyle = 'solid')
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis+20, mean, sd),linestyle = 'dashed')
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis+30, mean, sd),linestyle = 'dashdot')
The above picture has mutiple plot in single display
Line Color
You can use the keyword argument color or the shorter c to set the color of the line:
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes()
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis, mean, sd),linestyle = 'dotted',c = 'r')
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis+10, mean, sd),linestyle = 'solid',c = 'b')
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10/3/22, 12:10 PM AD3301 - Unit II - Part 1 .ipynb - Colaboratory
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis+20, mean, sd),linestyle = 'dashed',c = 'g')
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis+30, mean, sd),linestyle = 'dashdot',c = 'hotpink')
Suppose if we would like to truncate that view, into a smaller one or even a larger one, we can
tweak the X and Y limits. These can be accessed either through the PyPlot instance, or the Axes
instance.
plt.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis, mean, sd))
#plt.xlim(-75,75)
#plt.ylim(0,0.01)
plt.axis([-75,75,0,0.02])
plt.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis, mean, sd))
plt.axis("tight")
plt.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis, mean, sd))
plt.axis("equal")
Labeling Plots
#Adding a title to the graph
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes()
#Calculating mean and standard deviation
mean = np.mean(x_axis)
sd = np.std(x_axis)
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis, mean, sd),linestyle = 'dotted')
plt.title("A normal curve")
Add labels to the x- and y-axis
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes()
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis, mean, sd),linestyle = 'dotted')
plt.title("A normal curve")
plt.xlabel("X-Axis")
plt.ylabel("Y-Axis")
Adding legend and labeling multiple line in a graph
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes()
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10/3/22, 12:10 PM AD3301 - Unit II - Part 1 .ipynb - Colaboratory
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis+10, mean, sd),linestyle = 'dotted',c = 'g', label = 'x-axi
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis+20, mean, sd),linestyle = 'dashed',c = 'b', label = 'x-axi
ax.plot(x_axis, norm.pdf(x_axis+30, mean, sd),linestyle = 'dashdot',c = 'r', label = 'x-ax
plt.title("A normal curve")
plt.xlabel("X-Axis")
plt.ylabel("Y-Axis")
plt.legend()
Scatter plots
a graph in which the values of two variables are plotted along two axes, the pattern of the
resulting points revealing any correlation present.
No_of_games = [3,5,2,6,7,1,2,7,1,7,3]
score = [80,90,75,80,90,50,65,85,40,100,95]
Score = np.array(score)
No_of_Games = np.array(No_of_games)
print(Score,No_of_Games)
Plot the graph with
X-axis or horizontal axis: Number of games
Y-axis or vertical axis: Scores
plt.plot(No_of_Games,Score,'x',c = 'b')
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes()
ax.plot(No_of_Games,Score,'x',c = 'b')
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10/3/22, 12:10 PM AD3301 - Unit II - Part 1 .ipynb - Colaboratory
marker = ['o', '.', ',', 'x', '+', 'v', '^', '<', '>', 's', 'd']
for i in range(len(No_of_Games)):
plt.plot(No_of_Games+i,Score+10,marker[i])
For even more possibilities, these character codes can be used together with line and color
codes to plot points along with a line connecting them
plt.plot(No_of_Games,Score,'-ok',c = 'b')
plt.plot(No_of_Games,Score,'-p', color='red',
markersize=25, linewidth=4,
markerfacecolor='white',
markeredgecolor='gray',
markeredgewidth=2)
Scatter Plots with plt.scatter
plt.scatter(No_of_Games,Score,marker = 'x')
The difference between the two functions is:
with pyplot.plot() any property you apply
(color, shape, size of points)
will be applied across all points whereas in pyplot.
scatter() you have more control in each point’s appearance
colors = np.array([0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 70, 80])
sizes = np.array([0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 70, 80])
plt.scatter(No_of_Games,Score,c=colors, s=sizes, cmap='Accent_r')
#plt.colorbar()
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10/3/22, 12:10 PM AD3301 - Unit II - Part 1 .ipynb - Colaboratory
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from sklearn.datasets import load_diabetes
dia = load_diabetes()
features = dia.data.T
print(dia.feature_names)
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10/3/22, 12:10 PM AD3301 - Unit II - Part 1 .ipynb - Colaboratory
Try Plotting coloumn
0 and 2
0 and 3
4 and 5
6 and 7
plt.scatter(features[5], features[7], alpha=0.3,
s=100*features[0], c=dia.target, cmap='viridis')
plt.xlabel(dia.feature_names[5])
plt.ylabel(dia.feature_names[7])
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10/3/22, 12:10 PM AD3301 - Unit II - Part 1 .ipynb - Colaboratory
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