APPENDICES

_ist of All Formulaes 13. Potential gradient, E= 1d

dr
1. Electric Charges and Fields
1. Quantisation of electric charge. q = tne
14. Potential energy of a dipole in an external field,
U(0) = pE (cos Oo - cos O)
where, n = 1,2...
15. Capacitance, C
2. Coulomb's law, F -*9192
E
16. Dielectricconstant, K=
E
3. Electric field intensity, E =|-
17. Polarisation, p =aEo E o
18. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
4. Electric field due to a point charge, F = *
EoA
(i) when air is filled between the plates, C =

d
5. Electric dipole, p =2aq
6. Electric field due to an electric dipole (i) when a dielectrie slab of thickness t is inserted
between the plates
) At a point on the axial line, E p = - 2kpx
EoA
(x -1 C-
kp d-t+t/k
i) At a point on the equitorial line, Eo = (iii) when a metallic slab (k = o) of thickness t is pla
(+/2
between the plates of the capacitor, C = oA
(ii) At any point due to short dipole,
d -
Fk 3 coss 0 +1 3. Current ElectricityY
7. Torque on an electric dipole in a uniform electric 19. Capacitance of combination of capacitors
field, (i) in parallel, Cp =Ci +C2 +.. +Ca
T=pE sine (ii) in series,
8. Work done on a dipole in a uniform electric field, Cn
W = pE (cos - cos 0:) 20. Energy stored in a capacitor
9. Electric flux, =6 E-ds =&o U cv:-
10. Electric field due to 21. Energy density, U=EoE
) an infinitely long straight charged wire, E =. 27TEor . Common potential, V =Ci+C2V
(i) thin infinite plane sheet of charge, F = Vi +V2
2E0 23. Loss of energy in sharing charges,
ii) a uniformly charged thin spherical shell, E = o
-R AU =CC(V -V:)*
2(C+C2)
2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance do
24. Electric current, I = **
dt
11. Electric potential, V =*9
eE
25. Average drift velocity, Va = IM
12. Electrostatic potential due to an electric
dipole. 26. I = neAVa
cos 0
V P
4 TTEr 27. 7=ne"AtE
m
 28. Mobility, u = 44. Magnitude of magnetic field of a straight wire
177
B= o l
29. Resistance, R =- 2TTr
Using ampere's circuital law.
30. Resistivity, S = - 45. Magnetic field of a solenoid, B ="onl
ne t 46. Magnetic lorentz force, F = BqV sin e
31. Conductance. G =- 47. Lorentz force, F =q(E + Vx B)
R 48. Time period of oscillation of charged particle,
32. Conductivity, o=. 2Tm
T
P
Bg
33. Resistance of combination of resistors
49. Kinetic energy B
() in parallel, = ..
of charged particle, KE =1 2m
Keq R R2 Rn
50. Force current
(11) in series. Req R + R2 . . . + R
on a
carrying conductor in a unifc
magnetic field,
34. Electrical power. P=VW =1'R= F BIL sin
R 51. Force between
35. Relation between terminal
two parallel current carrying
potential difference, emf
of the cel and internal resistance of
conductors,
the cell,
V=E -Ir F O2ll2
4T
36. Current (I)
52. Torque experienced by current
(i) in series nE
a
loop in uniform-
grouping, I
= magnetic field,
R+nr T BINA sin 6
(i) mE 53.
n
parallel grouping. I =
- Magnetic dipole moment of a
revolving electron
+ mR
M elr
mne
(i) in mixed
grouping, I = 2
nr +mR 54. NAB
Current sensitivity, Is =
7. Potential gradient, K = K
55.
Voltage sensitivity, NAB
Vs =-
8. Balance condition of meter bridge, KR
100- S 5. Magnetism and Matter
Moving Charges and Magnetism 56.
Magnetic field strength at a point due to bar magr-
9. Biot-Savart's law, i) when point lies on axial of a bar
dB=Ho, Jdl sin 9
magnet,
B- 2Md
4Tt
4r (d-1?)*
. Magnetic field due to a current carrying conductor, (ii) when point lies
B-Hol
on
equitorial line of bar magnet
2nR M
.

Magnetic field on the axis of 4T (d +1#32

a circular current
carrying loop, 57.
Torque on a
magnetic dipole in
field,
a uniform magneti-
B=- HoNla
2(r + ay/2 T MB sin 0
58. Potential energy
Magnetic field at the centre of a current
of a
magnetic dipole in
circular loop, carrying field, a
magnetic
B=HoNV U
=- MB cos 6
2R
59. Horizontal component of earth's
Ampere's circuital law, B =HoI magnetic field,
B=B B
 of magnetisation, I -
8. Electromagnetic Waves
61. Intensity
85. Ampere's circuital law (modified form).
62. Magnetic induction, B =uo(H+ )
doe
63. Magneticsusceptibility. Xm dt
H
64. Magnetic permeability. u = jo(1 + Xm) 9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
65. Relative magnetic permeability. 1
86. Mirror formula,
V

6. Electromagnetic Induction 87. Linear magnification, m=-

V

66. Magnetic flux. o = | B dA

Speed of light in vacuum
88. Refractive index, j
67. Faraday's second law, e =-N. do Speed of light in the material
dt
Real depth
68. Induced current in a circuit. I = Io sin ot 89.
69. Motional emf, Apparent depth
Bl e =-

70. Eddy current. i =-i=-ag8 / dt 90. Critical angle, sin C -1 =

R R 2
91. Refraction at spherical surface,
71. Coefficient of self induction, L =
R
72. Self inductance of long solenoid, L =orA 92. Lens maker's formula,

73. Coefficient of mutual induction, M =Ai/At =(um: -1)RR:

74. Mutual inductance of two long coaxial solenoids, 93. Thin lens formula, -1=1
M=HoNN2A
1

7.Alternating Current
94. Power
of a lens, P ==(4 -1)
95. Focal length of combination of
75. Mean value of AC, Im 2 lenses
d

76. Rms value of AC, I rms =

2 A+Om
77. Sin
Inductive reactance, XL =21tfT 2
96. Prisnm formula. l = -
78.
Capacitive reactance, Xc Sin
27fC
79.
Impedance, Z = =
{R +(X1 -Xc) 97. Angular dispersion, 0 =
8, -8, =(\u, -H-)A
98. Dispersive power, o= Ry r
80. Phase difference, tan = - - X¢
(-1)
R 99.
81. Energy stored in
Magnifying power of a
simple microscope,
an inductor, U =L (i) when image is formed at the near
point,
82. D
Resonant frequency, AM=1+
v, -

27t VLC
(i) when D
83.:Q-factor= image is formed at infinity. M
=f
84. Average power 100. Magnifying power of compound microscope,
dissipated in AC circuit, () when final image is formed at near point,
cos
 Physics C

(i) when final image is tormed at infinity.

114. Frequency of electron in Bohr's
AM=- D stationary o-

fo f V=
kZe
nhr
101. Magnifying power of astronomical telescope, 115. Total energy
i) when the final image is formed of electron in the stationary ora
atinfinity me
M En
8nEh
(ii) when the final image is formed at
116. Bohr's formula for hydrogen like atoms,
near point,

R n
10. Wave Optics 13. Nuclei
102. Intensity, =I1 +]2 +2Il2 cos d
Is 117. Radius of nucleus, R RoA =

103. Relation between intensity, 118.

amplitude of the wave Nuclear binding energy,
and width of the
slit E bn [Zmp + (A -Z) m, - M]e
119. Radioactive law of decay, N =
Noe
104. Imax =k{a + b) and Imin =k{a - 120. Half-life, T1/2 = 0.6931
b)
105. Fringe width. o=D 121. Average life, t =1.44T/2
d
106. Fringe shift is
given by, (u 2 -H1)t =nd
122.
Decay constant, A= 2.303,logoo
N
11. Dual Nature of Radiation 14. Semiconductors and Electronic Devices
107. Einstein's photoelectric equation, 123. In
common-emitter amplifier,
k max = hv -

do (a) DC current gain,

K max
mvmax =h(v - vo) PDc=/l
1-Ic /IzE
108.
de-Broglie wavelength, 2 = a

mv
1-a
h
and for an
electron, ^ = 12.27 (b) AC current
gain,
2e Vme
12. Atoms BAC

109.
(c) AC voltage gain,
Distance of closest approach, = 22e
Aout
4TtE 1/2 mv Al Rin
110. Impact parameter, b=
4 TUE0
2e cot (0/2) (d) AC power gain= Bac x Resistance
gain
E
111. Total mechanical 15. Communication System
energy of the electron in
hydrogen atom, 124. Relation between coverage
distance and height of
transmitting antenna,
8TtEor d = v2hR

112. Radii
of Bohr's stationary orbits, r =.
nh 125. Modulation index, u = Am
Ac
113. 4Tmke
Velocity of electron in Bohr's
Amplitude of modulated wave
stationary orbit,
2T Zke2 Amplitude of carrier wave
nh