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Introduction to HVAC Systems
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.c
ep
A Trane Air Conditioning Clinic
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ilie
Ta
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
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Introduction to HVAC Systems
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ep
period one
Dissecting HVAC Systems um
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Ta
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Comfort Requirements
Temperature
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Humidity
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Air movement
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um
Fresh air
Clean air
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Noise levels
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Lighting
Furniture and work surfaces
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
The Five System Loops
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Airside Heat rejection
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ep
um
Chilled waterilie Controls
Ta
Refrigeration
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Airside Loop
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o
supply air
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ep
return air
um
ilie
sensible
Ta
heat
moisture conditioned
(latent heat) space
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Cooling Load Components
roof
o m
.c
ep
lights partition
people wall
um
glass infiltration
ilie equipment
solar
glass
Ta
conduction
exterior
wall
floor
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Supply Fan and Filter
OA 95°F
EA (35°C)
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MA
.c
filter 80°F
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(26.7°C)
um
RA
ilie
supply
fan
Ta
75°F
(23.9°C)
SA
conditioned
space
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Cooling Coil
OA 95°F
EA (35°C)
mo
MA
.c
80°F
tubes
ep
(26.7°C)
um
cooling
coil ilie
RA
fins
Ta
75°F
(23.9°C) header
SA
55°F
(12.8°C)
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Chilled-Water Cooling Coil
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.c
ep
warm, cool,
um
humid air ilie dry air
Ta
drain pan
condensate drain line
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
part-load operation
Constant-Volume System
OA 95°F
EA (35°C)
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constant supply-air quantity
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MA variable supply-air temperature
.c
filter 80°F
ep
(26.7°C)
um
RA
ilie
Ta
75°F
(23.9°C)
SA
65°F
(18.3°C)
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
part-load operation
Variable-Air-Volume (VAV) System
OA 95°F
EA (35°C)
m
variable supply-air quantity
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MA constant supply-air temperature
.c
80°F
ep
(26.7°C)
um
RA
ilie
Ta
75°F airflow
(23.9°C) modulation
SA device
55°F
VAV (12.8°C)
terminal VAV
unit terminal unit
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Fan-Coil Unit
supply-air outlet
o m
cooling coil
.c
ep
um
ilie
Ta
supply fan
filter
return-air inlet
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Central Air Handler
mo
.c
cooling
ep
coil supply-air
um
outlet
ilie
return-air
dampers
Ta
supply
fan outdoor-air
filters dampers
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Supply-Air Distribution System
outdoor-air inlet
om
.c
sheet-metal supply duct flexible
ep
duct diffuser
um
VAV
ilie
terminal
Ta
return-air central
inlet air handler
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Ceiling Plenum Return
roof
om
plenum supply air return air
.c
diffuser
ep
ceiling
um
ilie
Ta
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Chilled-Water Loop
mo
80°F
.c
(26.7°C) 57°F
ep
(13.9°C)
um
cooling
coililie
55°F 42°F
(5.6°C)
Ta
(12.8°C)
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Evaporator
o m
80°F
.c
(26.7°C) 57°F
ep
(13.9°C)
evaporator
um
cooling
coililie
55°F 42°F
(5.6°C)
Ta
(12.8°C)
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Shell-and-Tube Evaporator
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chilled-water
o
supply
.c
chilled-water
ep
return
um
ilie
Ta
refrigerant
vapor
liquid and vapor
tubes refrigerant
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Pump and Control Valve
o m
control
80°F
.c
valve
(26.7°C) 57°F
ep
(13.9°C)
evaporator
um
cooling
coililie
55°F 42°F
(5.6°C)
Ta
(12.8°C)
pump
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
Two-Way Versus Three-Way Valves
mo
.c
ep
um
ilie
Ta
coil with two-way coil with three-way
control valve control valve
© American Standard Inc. 2004 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC018-EN
