ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am equally grateful to my teacher Anupama
mam. She gave me moral support and guided
me in different matters regarding the topic.
She had been very kind and patient while
suggesting me the outlines of this project and
correcting my doubts. I thank her for her
overall support.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank my
parents who helped me a lot in gathering
different information, collecting data and
guiding me from time to time in making this
project. Despite their busy schedules, they
gave me different ideas in making this project
unique.
Thank you,
GAGAN PRATAP SINGH
XI (D)
CERTIFICATE
It is hereby to certify that, the original and
genuine investigation work has been carried
out to investigate about the subject matter
and the related data collection and
investigation has been completed solely,
sincerely and satisfactorily by Gagan Pratap
Singh of CLASS XI D, B.L.S. International
School Hathras, regarding this project title
environmental pollution and its causes
Teacher`s signature
POLLUTION
Pollution may be defined as ‘an undesirable
change in the physical, chemical or biological
characteristics of our air, water and land that
may or will harmfully, affect human life, the
lives of the desirable species, our industrial
processes, living conditions and cultural
assets, or that may or will waste or
deteriorate our raw materials. Pollution is
mostly man made, but it can also be natural.
Natural pollution is caused by volcanic
eruptions, emission of natural gases, soil
erosion, ultraviolet rays, cosmic rays etc.
TYPES OF POLLUTION
• Atmospheric (air) pollution
• Water pollution
• Soil/land pollution
• Radioactive pollution
• Noise pollution
AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals,
particulate matter, or biological materials that
cause harm or discomfort to humans or other
living organisms, or cause damage to the
natural environment or built environment,
into the atmosphere. Air pollutant is known as
a substance in the air that can cause harm to
humans and the environment. Pollutants can
be in the form of solid particles, liquid
droplets, or gases. In addition, they may be
natural or man-made. E.g. Sulphur dioxide,
Smoke, Fly ash.
CAUSE
Carbon dioxide is one the main pollutants that
causes air pollution. This is because, although
living beings do exhale carbon dioxide, this
gas is harmful when emitted from other
sources, which are caused due to human
activity. An additional release of carbon
dioxide happens due to various such
activities. Carbon dioxide gas is used in
various industries such as the oil industry and
the chemical industry. The combustion of
fossil fuels and the harmful effects of
deforestation have all contributed towards
the same. Scientists have now therefore
identified carbon dioxide as one of those
elements that have contributed to global
warming.
WATER POLLUTION
A practical definition of water pollution is:
"Water pollution is the addition of
substances or energy forms that directly
or indirectly alter the nature of the water
body in such a manner that negatively
affects its legitimate uses". Water is
typically referred to as polluted when it is
impaired by anthropogenic contaminants.
Due to these contaminants, it either no
longer supports a certain human use,
such as drinking water, or undergoes a
marked shift in its ability to support its
biotic communities, such as fish.
CAUSE
Discharge of contaminated and/or heated
water that has been used for industrial
purposes. The surface runoff from farms,
construction sites or other impervious
surfaces. The improper disposal of solid
wastes like littering on a localized scale.
Addition of excessive nutrients by runoff
containing detergents or fertilizers called as
eutrophication. The geology of aquifers where
groundwater is abstracted. Maltreated
sewage discharged in a wrong manner. Slash
and burn farming practice is a component in
shifting cultivation agricultural systems.
LAND POLLUTION
Land pollution the action of environmental
contamination with man-made waste on land.
Americans generate five pounds of solid
waste every day, furthermore creating one
ton of solid waste each year. In an average day
in the United States, people throw out
200,000 tons of edible food and throw 1
million bushels of litter out of their
automobiles. The main human contributor to
pollution are landfills. Approximately half of
our trash is disposed in landfills. Only 2% of
our waste is actually recycled.
CAUSE
Industrial activities. Industrial activities also
are a contributing factor to land pollution. For
example, in open cast mining, huge holes are
dug in the ground and these form
dangerously deep mining pools. Heaps of
mining waste are left behind and these waste
often contain several poisonous substances
that will contaminate the soil.
RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION
The sources of radioactive pollution can
be classified into two groups: natural and
man-made. Following an atmospheric
nuclear weapon discharge or a nuclear
reactor containment breach, the air, soil,
people, plants, and animals in
the vicinity will become contaminated
by nuclear fuel and fission products. A
spilled vial of radioactive
material like uranyl nitrate may
contaminate the floor and any rags used
to wipe up the spill. Cases of widespread
radioactive contamination include
the Bikini Atoll, the Rocky Flats Plant in
Colorado.
CAUSE
Nuclear Accidents From Nuclear
Energy Generation Plants.
The Use of Nuclear Weapons as
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
Use of Radioisotopes.
Mining.
Spillage of Radioactive Chemicals.
Tests on Radiation.
Cosmic Rays and Other Natural
Sources.
Nuclear Waste Handling and Disposal.
POLLUTION
PREVENTIONS
Drive your car less.
Keep your car in good repair.
Turn off your engine.
Don't burn your garbage.
Limit backyards fire in the city.
Plant and care for trees.
Name: Gagan Pratap Singh
Class: XI – D
Subject: Chemistry
Tittle: Environmental pollution
and its causes.
Submitted To: Anupama Sharma
Signature: _______
