q
signereal a
Design a PDA fy
Cem bYfnaeod :
the following language lie
Le Plat in (atby¥}
“Tay
aati Carer fnr-o§
le
fab, cabb, aaabbls 3
Steps oy incling pons
Sk . i
is Teibatly Push all als into the stack
Siete topes sua gea mtn change the skack 4
Pop ‘a’
Step 3 = : ° ; fron one shack
oleae eee eames (ener ge ernphy . |
let the |
Input sting = aaaklls
| ‘The Mapping function fs =
fig Yi pushal Pou
| (%,a, Zo) = (4,, 020) al a a
8 (aya, “@) = (o. aaze) | a a
Zo 2
Bee oi Cr ©) ba | Pers
h,,%D= (y € KS i P|
: (ae) . Fa] "2? EL eee |
(a, Em). (4, e) Zo [ae]
Pushelown stete 2 |
Prutomata xclicgrane - vy
PoP |
a, 2olaz. zo
bale
tole Ye
Hy @ el
1 2ole a ing 7
a, alaaze Te accept the skring * |
eaches the Gnal stake
M=(f4a0,9, 424 fa,b4, 20,93, 3 4, Zo, fa2h)
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner Mapping function
8 (Ae, abacka, z)
84, baaka ae)
84%, aba,
Both Jopue Symbol
So ik hove 2 cases =
case 428 (aq,
8 Ge,
® (46, €
Cnet Vetta)
So ik accepk Lhe
3 (4, aaba \baa2e))
abaze)
ba, aabaze)
9, ‘waaba2e)
, albaabaze)
xing «
3
, albagha, - - y
Lee
MS hake input Sting = abahba
State Faqrarn . neh A push
2, 2s laze b, ble
5, Zo |b25 Qanle i -
£, 26 al Ta] &
easel cose ci)
3, labs pas
alba DN
Ss, alaa
& blob op
%
aa ore Case tii)
The
Ist
and top of the stack 1s, Semel
oseae sy 4 ba, baz)
Gy a, ado)
84, €, 2)
& CAs, 20)
it reaches the final
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner 2/ a 7
“xplamn dhe followta 45 squage of tune:
Pr J OS bLangquag 4
Mrehnn
e cRy ‘ypes ob tude veaehing
al ay Language of Keeney Machine ~ 7
[The boing machine can be rredetled With the help
| of follosing vepresentation
Ip model having infinite rook cells , eocheell
“MY one Tip Syrbel and -thus the Tip Strag
fan be placed ona tape
“The empty tape 7S) Lead by Nblank chrcnacters
2, The finite cont! and the bape head wohich fe
Yesponsible cuneot ip Sypnco!
Wape head can move From left to migy ht
fox xeacting -the
% Finite Set Ob Symbols
Thibally the tape of M contains ota followed by
an Tafiniky Ob blanks
aaa Repeateelly,™ veplaces the leftmost oby oy
eves sight to -the leflmost 4, Feplacing TE byw
M™Meves left by ind -khe wright most x, the moves
erecell Might Lo the lettres 6 and Sepanate th
syle
7
oO ft 4k |
to) |
Oy, |
| n
eacceees et
| a aS
od
ot
ner |
The fumekion “£ i~ |
Toke |
= a Byrteot_ x _ Symbol y| _®
- Gre) : Gay.ed} - |
al . |
os | Cee Goel |
ics 0,2) - |
% ia Gaye] -
: = (49x,e) >
4 . Casye}
2 Cau,8 |e
iS a | )
Semputalion
Oe Oo A Ass A
Anitially tb xeads 9 (tt moked aq
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner @
x eo 4a2aa Be veads 4. Tt wavted acy ail
» shiftto left
- 2 Y 4A Fe veads o ik tememns as i fs
Shift left.
SS iy aia Tk veads x. Tk wemairs as tk is
a ead shift right -
OEY aA Te veads 6 and wasks as it is
Shift right
*xY 4a Fe eset eee lat acid ee
ond shift wight -
STS AH ae veads 4 works iLas y and
is
Shift le
eye Tt weads y. St vermaing as rk |
n
PRY WIA Te yeads x. gL yemaing asi re
i
xxY¥Yy A Pe reads y vernaing os ik te
aN acd shift ght .
ay rs Te reads A ond halls.
Gi ag
YPes of busing machine = i ad
machine S fi al Tessin
is called standard uy
u bl —
PRED EY
Rho head
Finite
cont]
There ove 2 Ly
NF nachine
PES Ob “Ting machine 2
infinike bape Reina, Machine
> Tice - way infinite tape “Kering ™Mechine can be
Simuleted by one-way infinite buxing ma chine.
\. Too ~ way
1
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner Palabal eo bof
=|
7
Tare Both sides ave enclosed
conto usith blank Spaces
2, Muli tape busing Machine
— Tk can be contolled by a Single head.
> Tr can be Simnut
By Single turing mechine.
[alae Te i ulol---
Get Tt tarp
Pelbeba eke E eke
: ed
Tapes TTape 2 ice
=
ae DeterineGe a ine
eee hoe Single, one-way Fofinite bape.
2 Tt is equivalent to clekerministfa Turing machine
2786)
a
SPE.
4, Male —
climensional oe Machine ~
™ Te has Multi. dimensional where the head ¢ 7
rat
move % ony direction that is
deus.
left, wight, up or
finite
ont)
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner Mulkihead chusing Machin.
+5,
| * ipl
[Pore Mullitape busing Machine has Mulkiple
| tapes and Mulkiple Yreads .
[ele fe ffe]a- -
an Med
| Finite
contol} Gea, bj)» (4,, aye, LR)
© offline THe
ae
—Finike
contol
A Mautkiback Tertng Machine
[ou afafefo... |
ju jalefafa-- |
| ulelalefu. |
jolalatau-
- i
ing (46, aaba)—> (4, rexyx, LU)
| :
&, Universal Texing Machin + A universal Texing
Machine
a ckwing Machine
ORD 29 opprepvake clesevipli
—™M and an inpuk Sbing uw,
| compukakion of vo.
Lohich Cohen supplied
po ob a Turing machine
ND Simulate the
Fate
ad |
|
t “Teper Cilp> Tape =
pe 4s (1m) P P oo.
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner fe ; ne the Language
3) Design the buing Machine to recognize She
| Par ars. ay
| Le pars, 223% Wteeraaa,. 94
ula fafa 2]2 [o[sf Elula
y 28
2 28h
AN bis We ore mmoalidy aU Peer et ealetch os pe
Yand gas 2
Akaceepts the Tawa Mochine . |
com pukakion
Geo Vig are 333uu Thttally bk yeade 4
» 7
Fe aE monked as x and move
|
UU it te2r22as3u0u Te vead. Te
. = AAS 4 dt veman
a Sik is shift wight.
UG_ivir22 333 uy TE veads a TE masked
4 SS Y and shift bo wight
BU li 22233, uu Tt xeads 9 falemell et
as ikis SHITE wight
Uwiir222 33a oy
™ Tt veads a. ay Mook, |
2 OS 2 amd sneer ty
Bef
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner @N
r ae o,|
Sux, Y22x*aax teads 4d and mask
- ” as x. and Temaing os ik |
SG y *S Crnove left)
URxu Yr22asz yy Tk reads qy and
5 and marled ag ¥y
nd semeding as ik berdue
WE Ger eas yo aed
n Tk vweads g and
2 moorked as 2 and
vYemeans as Tk
falas aca atta Gas and move lett
n
Te veads 4: and
mw
morked a
BU xx, YY222au . al ea
=a as ik Fs
Sy oy See TE veads 2 ood
e a mowrked ag y
TEMAS as ik Te
UUxarax yy yaoe Hcy Th ends a ond
wwonkted as 2 ond
Yemoing as ik is |
Ww **xVYYYV222 UU
a St xeads Land
halts , |
a Fee Sear asbs|bSasle te ambiguous
solt- S— sas bs| bs asle et en
\efk rg
rrosk (3) (s)
©
j
i
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner BI) OD Write in cletalg —the chomsky Tevarchy for
| fommal languages.
|Sote defined aS
chem sky's Nlomal form can be
Non=-Lewninal —, nlorterninal- Nentemioal
|
Mon teersingl = doinal
|
| 2 The given crq should be ©
Seve Fonnat then we can Say
Jrammer tg in cNE
tn the
verted
| Atthat the
|
(> Before converting “the qramrnar into CNF yt
Should be in veduced fom
| Tak means wemee all the useless Symbols |
| & productlon and unit production Form te
(7? Thus, this reduced gremmer can be thes
[eee oo |
Conversion |
~? Ediminake stast Symbol -forn the Rits. DP the |
Steak Symtbel T fs ot saght handside off ony
production create mews production ag
ss
Creve shook
Supe! > |
—F Bn the gqrammnss remove the null and unt
produckions and useless Symbols.
|
> Etietnoke terminals fom the RS ok the
productions . TF there exisks Uattly cthey wm
Letina oF herninal
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner 5
|
Sy
~ G) Simplify the ony.
oO
>< linale
Br
RWS Uwilh MOVE aR bu HOM be mninals.
Conshuck ene
for Abe Lott marne eyeerrnwerare +
s
|
> ABE
&—~ ee
Base
SF edly
C4
Bcp
oe (Te te Satisfy the chemstay Nowra
Step as Fow))
S— abe
Fake AB = y
S— > xe (Tt Salisty cone’)
Stepa y A> 0B Tt Aoesngit Saakisty CNE
bake o-y
=F A> ve Gee satisfy cn)
step 3+
Bo y CNot Sekisty ene)
bake yreM
Bem (Cae Satisfy cur)
Mpa A vp
Sulbslitute y=2ny
68> 2uRp
Lake ZMen
A 2 NB
Sa xc
A> NR
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner 6) How bo Steplify Abe CFG 2 plate 9
Th CFé1, Sometimes cull -the producbon anes ane
; ravekion of
Symbols ome nol neecdecl forthe cleavekion of
algo We Ome
Shings Gesicler “Abie, Unene reeuy 7 ©
uw OS,
PUL prpeluctions and ONT producki
EGenineken
dk -these
Preluckions cunel
Steopli freabion a
Simplification
Symlools, “called
CP FG)
lone tn 2
5 i
\, Reduce ob CFG,
2 Removal Ob unit Predictor
3, Removal oF wuyl Procluckon
Reduce 4h. CPot: poceching ie
S664 Derivation ob an eaivaleal Joma Gy
Form Ane SFA. Gl Such thet each Voriale Aenied
Some temeinal Sting ,
Case ay toi i
Dexivakion ob an eq Volen Temmear G+
. from lhe CPA, Gi Suck that each Syrnbo| appeans
dau SenlerWial orn,
Remove|
OF unit Production = Poy Production Quy
the -forrmn ORB Usheve a
le of
BE
USE procluction .
Mon Lerninals, is
called}
Prececlure »
¥ TO vemeve A= celel Precluctton A-® bo th,
Frammay aule WohEMe vey By ce
Syromennny -
in Ashe
2, Delete AB —frero the Geearannay
, -\
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner on
f
3— Repeat the stepa until the Unt production
axe vemovedt
3 Removal
|
|
|
|
|
Ok Mull production > Tn a CFG, a non |
cterrinal Symbol A 17s a nullede Vorioble Tf there
ation that
is a preducho ASE ct Ahere is a deay |
ats at Wand leds > &
Proceckue —_
a.
S vemove AE took Re call productions cohose
wight Side containg A-
jQ-
Replace each occurences ok ‘A’ In each ok these
Preductions with -
B Add the ~ccultantk productions ke the qracomay.
@ scanned with OKEN Scanner
