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    Structural Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Roshan Rawal
    This document discusses the theory of flexure and columns in structural mechanics. It covers topics such as co-planar and pure bending, elastic curves, deflection, bending stress, flexural stiffness, and Euler's formula for long columns. It provides definitions and equations for radius of curvature, angle of rotation, moment-curvature relationship, and stress proportional to distance from the neutral axis in bending. Slenderness ratio and effective length are also defined in relation to Euler's buckling formula for long columns.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Structural Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Roshan Rawal
    67 views9 pages
    This document discusses the theory of flexure and columns in structural mechanics. It covers topics such as co-planar and pure bending, elastic curves, deflection, bending stress, flexural stiffness, and Euler's formula for long columns. It provides definitions and equations for radius of curvature, angle of rotation, moment-curvature relationship, and stress proportional to distance from the neutral axis in bending. Slenderness ratio and effective length are also defined in relation to Euler's buckling formula for long columns.

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    Structural mechanics

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    This document discusses the theory of flexure and columns in structural mechanics. It covers topics such as co-planar and pure bending, elastic curves, deflection, bending stress, flexural stiffness, and Euler's formula for long columns. It provides definitions and equations for radius of curvature, angle of rotation, moment-curvature relationship, and stress proportional to distance from the neutral axis in bending. Slenderness ratio and effective length are also defined in relation to Euler's buckling formula for long columns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    67 views9 pages

    Structural Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Roshan Rawal
    This document discusses the theory of flexure and columns in structural mechanics. It covers topics such as co-planar and pure bending, elastic curves, deflection, bending stress, flexural stiffness, and Euler's formula for long columns. It provides definitions and equations for radius of curvature, angle of rotation, moment-curvature relationship, and stress proportional to distance from the neutral axis in bending. Slenderness ratio and effective length are also defined in relation to Euler's buckling formula for long columns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    4.

    Structural Mechanics
    4.3 Theory of flexure and columns
    Sub topics
    • Co-planar and pure bending
    • Elastic curve
    • Angle of rotation
    • Radius of curvature and flexural stiffness;
    • Deflection; Bending stress;
    • Euler’s formula for long column.
    Co-planar and pure bending
    The traverse sections which are plane and normal before
    bending remain plane and normal to neutral axis.
    Every layer is free to expand or contract
    Modulus of elasticity has same value for tension and
    compression.
    Bends as arc of circle.
    Radius of curvature is large.

    Pure bending : No shear force only moment

    Elastic curve
    Beam subjected to couples
    Elastic curve is arch of circle

    Centroidal axis, neutral plane

    Centroidal axis deflects in form of elastic curve or deflected


    shape.

    Angle of rotation
    𝑑𝑠
    𝑑𝜃 =
    𝜌
    Radius of curvature and flexural
    stiffness
    Radius of curvature is radius of arc forming elastic curve.

    1
    Curvature is .
    𝜌

    Deflection
    Displacement of the neutral plane from original position

    Slope: Angle in radian made by tangent at any point of


    neutral axis

    Flexural formula
    𝑀 𝜎 𝐸
    = =
    𝐼 𝑦 𝑅

    For a section M/I and E/R is constant.

    Bending Stress
    For sagging : tension below NA, compression above NA

    For hogging: tension above NA, compression below NA

    Proportional to distance from NA


    Uniform Strength Beam
    Each section has bending stress equal to allowable stress
    𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑦

    Either by varying depth or height we can make beam of


    uniform strength

    Euler’s formula for long column


    𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
    Slenderness ratio:𝜆 =
    𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑦𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

    Short column fails by crushing 𝜆 < 32


    𝑃𝑐 = 𝜎𝑐 . 𝐴
    Long column fails by buckling 𝜆 > 120
    𝜋2
    𝑃𝑐 = 2 . 𝐸𝐼
    𝑙
    Buckles in plane of major axis

    Effective length (l) depends on end condition of member


    Tortional formula
    𝑇 𝜏 𝐺𝜙
    = =
    𝐽 𝑟 𝐿
    Members in parallel connection
    𝜙 constant ,T additive

    Members in series connection


    𝜙 additive ,T constant

    Relation of modulus
    E = 2 G ( 1 + μ )=3 K ( 1 − 2 μ )

    μ=0.25-0.3 for steel


    μ=0.15-0.2 for concrete
    Based on the governing equation for the theory of pure
    bending which of the following is valid
    a. Bending moment = the product of bending stress and the
    section modulus

    b. Bending strength = product of modulus of elasticity and


    curvature

    c. Moment resistance = the product of flexural rigidity and the


    curvature

    d. Bending stress = flexural rigidity per unit radius

    If a constant section beam is subjected to uniform bending


    moment throughout, it bends as

    a. zig zag
    b. catenary
    c. circular arc
    d. parabolic arc

    If a constant section beam is subjected to uniform bending


    moment throughout, it bends as

    a. zig zag
    b. catenary
    c. circular arc
    d. parabolic arc
    What is the stress developed in bending a 10 mm diameter
    steel rod of E = 2 × 105 N/mm2 to 2000 mm diameter?

    a.500 N/mm2
    b.1000 N/mm2
    c.1500 N/mm2
    d. 2000 N/mm2

    Circular beam of uniform strength can be made by varying


    the diameter in such way that

    a. M/Z is constant
    b. σ/Y is constant
    c. M/R is constant
    d. E/R is constant

    Which is the following statement is true ?

    a. The strength of a fibre is proportional to its distance from neutral


    axis.
    b. The sum of all the compressive force above neutral layer must be
    equal to the sum of tensile force below neutral layer.

    c. The vertical plane through which load is applied to avoid torsion in


    the cross section is called load plane.

    d. All of the above are true.


    The section modulus of a rectangle with breadth B and depth
    d will be:

    a. Bd3/6
    b. Bd3/12
    c. Bd2/6
    d. Bd2/12

    What is the effective length of compressive member when


    both end are hinged?
    a. 0.65L
    b. L
    c. 2L
    d.1.5L

    If the value of flexural stiffness of 3 m long column fixed at


    both end is 2000 Nm2 . The maximum permissible axial load
    is
    a. 6.5 KN
    b. 7.7 KN
    c. 8.2 KN
    d. 12 KN

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