MOS Report

SCOPE OF WORK
Our scope of work is limited up to behaviour of reinforced concrete members specially

circular and non-circular members subjected to torsion. To understand the behaviour of
torsion, it is important to know how the torsion will develop in members.
Types of torsion are also discussed in this report.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aims and objective is to get knowledge regarding torsion.
To study the circumstance under which the torsion produced.
To study the failure of members when it is subjected to torsion.
WHY IS SELECT THIS TOPIC

There are many reasons for selecting this topic, the main reason is that this topic is rare, and in
past little amount of work had been done and in undergraduate level I dont have enough
knowledge regarding this topic. To get knowledge about torsion thats why is select this topic.
Pg.1
BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBER UNDER TORSION
Reinforced concrete member may be subjected to torsion, frequently in combination with

bending & shear. Some typical examples of such members are canopy beams, curved girders,
grids, and frames etc. as shown in figure
Figure.1
The cantilever member in figure 1(a) is largely subjected to torsion, although some bending &
shear also exist due to its own weight. The fixed end beam of figure 1(b) is subjected to
substantial amount of bending, shear & torsion.
Pg.2
Spandrel beams at the edges of the building built integrally with the floor slab are subjected not
only to transverse loads but also to a torsional moment per unit length equal to the restraining
moment at the exterior end of the slab. Similarly, spandrel girders receive torsional moments
from the exterior ends of the floor beams that frame into them. This phenomenon is shown on
figure.2
Figure.2
Pg.3
TYPE OF TORSION
Torsion on structural system may be classified into two types:

1. Statically determinate torsion (sometimes called as equilibrium torsion)
2. Statically indeterminate torsion (sometimes called as compatibility torsion)
Statically determinate torsion
This type of torsion can be determined from statics alone. In this case, as in figure 3(a & b)
amount of torsion that the member is required to resist is based on the requirement of
statics & is independent of the stiffness of the member. Both examples in figure 1(a) &
figure 1(b) are cases of statically determinate torsion.
Statically indeterminate torsion
This type of torsion cannot be determine from statics & a rotation (twist) is required for
deformational compatibility between interconnecting elements, such as a spandrel beam,
slab, columns. Statically indeterminate torsion, as shown in figure 3(c & d), exist in some
situations where there would be no torsion if the statically indeterminacy were eliminated.
For instance, if the support at A is eliminated in figure 3(c), the torsion is eliminated.
Similarly, in figure 3(d), if a flexure hinge is put at B, the torsion is eliminated. For such
statically indeterminate torsion situations the amount of torsion in a member depends on
the magnitude of the torsional stiffness of the member itself in relation to the stiffnesses of
the interconnecting members.
Figure.3 Comparison of statically determinate torsion (cases a & b) and statically

indeterminate torsion (cases c & d). (Structures shown in plan view with load P at 90 0 to
plane of frame)
Pg.4
Behaviour of circular section under torsion
For a circular section, a plane transverse section before twisting remains plane after twisting.
Consequently, the resultant shear stress at any point is proportional to its distance from the
center in a direction perpendicular to the radius. Calling h, the diameter of the circle.
(Figure.4(b)) and the maximum torsional shearing stress at the circumference.
2 2 2
= = ( ) = 2 =

In which C, the polar moment of inertia, is
2
2
2
2
2 4 4
= = 2 = ( ) =
0 4 0 32
16
=
3
Figure.4
Pg.5
Behaviour of rectangular section under torsion
The torsional shear stress distribution over a rectangular section of dimension b and D cannot
be as easily derived as for a circular section. Unlike the circular section where plane transverse
sections remain plane after twisting, the non-circular cross section wraps under torsion as
shown in figure.5. If plane section were maintained after twisting, the maximum shear stress
would exist at a point farthest from the axis of twist. Such is not the case for rectangular
sections. From the mathematical theory of elasticity, it has been found that maximum torsional
shear stress , occurs at the midpoint of the long side and parallel to it. The magnitude of
, is a function of the ratio of D to b (long to short sides ) (figure.5)

, =
2
Where
, =Maximum torsional shear stress
T=the torsional moments
2
K D=the polar or torsional section modulus
b, D=the polar or transverse section modulus
K=the constant depending on the ratio D/b as given in Table
Figure.5 Torsional stress in rectangular beam
And the value of constant k is given in the table
For T & inverted L flanged sections, the torsional shear stress may be determined by
approximating the section into several rectangular components. It is assumed that each
rectangular component has a large ratio of D/b so that the value of k may be taken as 1/3. The
maximum shear stress occurs at the midpoint of the long side D of the rectangle having the
greatest value of b equal to
Pg.6
3
, =
3
This is brief description of behavior of reinforced concrete beam under torsion. Some structural
members subjected to torsion are shown below.
Pg.7
CONCLUSION
It is to be concluded that when both bending and shear are acting on same time, the
torsional effect will be produced in the member that develops the inclined torsional
cracks.
For a circular section, a plane transverse section before twisting remains plane after
twisting.
For non-circular sections, the plane transverse section after twisting wraps under
torsion.
References
K.G Tamberg and P.T. Mikluchin. Torsional Phenomena Analysis and

Concrete Structure Design, Analysis of Structural System for Torsion
(SP-35). Detroit: American Concrete Institute. 1973, (pp.1-102).
S. Timoshenko and J.N. Goodier. Theory of elasticity. New York; McGraw-

Hill, 1951, (pp. 275-288).
Pg.8
Pg.9

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SCOPE OF WORK

Our scope of work is limited up to behaviour of reinforced concrete members specially

Types of torsion are also discussed in this report.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

WHY IS SELECT THIS TOPIC

Reinforced concrete member may be subjected to torsion, frequently in combination with

Torsion on structural system may be classified into two types:

Statically determinate torsion

Statically indeterminate torsion

Figure.3 Comparison of statically determinate torsion (cases a & b) and statically

In which C, the polar moment of inertia, is

Figure.5 Torsional stress in rectangular beam

And the value of constant k is given in the table

K.G Tamberg and P.T. Mikluchin. Torsional Phenomena Analysis and

S. Timoshenko and J.N. Goodier. Theory of elasticity. New York; McGraw-

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