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Cytology Questions
Cytology Questions
1. A large number of cisterns flattened in the center and extended on the periphery and small
vesicles with secretory granules were found in the biopsy hepatocytes during the electron
microscopic study of the biliary pole. Name this organelle.
2. The organism to be identified has a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Genetic
material is concentrated predominantly in the chromosomes that consist of DNA strands
and protein molecules. These cells divide mitotically. Identify these organisms
3. An electron micrograph shows a cell-to-cell adhesion consisting, in each cell, of an
attachment plaque. The intercellular space is filled with electron-dense substance including
transmembrane fibrous structures. Specify this adhesion
4. In the tissue culture the nucleoluses were damaged by the radioactive irradiation. Recovery of
what organelles in the cytoplasm becomes problematic?
5. The structure of the ribosome was disordered in the cell. What process is primarily affected?
6. The researchers destroyed the structure of one of the cell parts during a scientific experiment.
As a result the cell lost the ability to division. What structure was broken?
7. The vesicles with peroxide oxidation enzymes - catalase, peroxidase (0,05-1,5 microns in
diameter) were revealed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes during the histochemical
investigation. What are these organelles?
8. Give a functional difference between smooth and rough endosperm reticulum
9. Give one similarity and two differences between mitochondria and chloroplast.
10. Write a note on vesicles of Golgi complex.
11. Give three structure differences between chloroplasts and mitochondria.
12. Write three functions of plasma membrane proteins
13. Write three functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
14. Describe each cell organelle and its function.
15. What is the difference between the nuclear envelop and the cell membrane in terms of
structure and function?
16. How is the cell membrane organized? Include lipids and proteins.
17. Describe the structure of phospholipids.
18. Describe Donnan Equilibrium when there is a semi-permiable membrane and a non-diffusible
anion. Show the electrochemical gradient.
19. Explain the various ways in which a typical cell is adapted to its functions (20 mks)
20. Explain how the various specialized cells are modified to carry out their functions in plants and
animals (20 mks)