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11.1 Built in Functions (PSEUDOCODE)

This document discusses built-in functions in programming languages including string, numeric, date, and other functions. It provides examples of functions for string manipulation like LEFT, RIGHT, MID, LENGTH, LCASE, UCASE, TO_UPPER, and TO_LOWER. Numeric functions covered include INT, RAND. Date functions include DAY, MONTH, YEAR, and DAYINDEX. Other functions mentioned are SETDATE, NOW, and EOF. Operators like & for concatenation, AND, OR, NOT, MOD and DIV are also listed.

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Bilal Ahmed
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43 views4 pages

11.1 Built in Functions (PSEUDOCODE)

This document discusses built-in functions in programming languages including string, numeric, date, and other functions. It provides examples of functions for string manipulation like LEFT, RIGHT, MID, LENGTH, LCASE, UCASE, TO_UPPER, and TO_LOWER. Numeric functions covered include INT, RAND. Date functions include DAY, MONTH, YEAR, and DAYINDEX. Other functions mentioned are SETDATE, NOW, and EOF. Operators like & for concatenation, AND, OR, NOT, MOD and DIV are also listed.

Uploaded by

Bilal Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Science 9618

Paper 2. Sec 11.1.) Built-in-Functions

Syllabus Content:

11.1 Built-in functions


Use a subset of the built-in functions and program library. This should include those used for:
string/character manipulation
formatting of numbers

Programming environments provide many built-in functions. Some of them are always available to use; some
need to be imported from specialist module libraries.
Built-in functions
STRING Functions

LEFT(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING


returns leftmost x characters from ThisString
Example: LEFT("ABCDEFGH", 3) returns "ABC"

RIGHT(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING


returns rightmost x characters from ThisString
Example: RIGHT("ABCDEFGH", 3) returns "FGH"

MID(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER, y : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING


returns a string of length y starting at position x from ThisString
Example: MID("ABCDEFGH", 2, 3) returns "BCD"

LENGTH(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS INTEGER returns


the integer value representing the length of ThisString
Example: LENGTH("Happy Days") returns 10

LCASE(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS CHAR


returns the character value representing the lower case equivalent of ThisChar
Characters that are not upper case alphabetic are returned unchanged

Example: LCASE('W') returns 'w'

UCASE(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS CHAR


returns the character value representing the upper case equivalent of ThisChar
Characters that are not lower case alphabetic are returned unchanged

Example: UCASE('a') returns 'A'

TO_UPPER(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS STRING


1 returns a string formed by converting all characters of ThisString to upper case

Example: TO_UPPER("Error 803") returns "ERROR 803"

Notes by Faiza Anwer +923218923451


Computer Science 9618
Paper 2. Sec 11.1.) Built-in-Functions

TO_LOWER(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS STRING


returns a string formed by converting all characters of ThisString to lower case

Example: TO_LOWER("JIM 803") returns "jim 803"

NUM_TO_STR(x : <data type>) RETURNS STRING


returns a string representation of a numeric value Note:
<data type> may be REAL or INTEGER
Example: NUM_TO_STR(87.5) returns "87.5"

STR_TO_NUM(x : <data type1>) RETURNS <data type2>


returns a numeric representation of a string Note: <data
type1> may be CHAR or STRING
Note: <data type2> may be REAL or INTEGER

Example: STR_TO_NUM("23.45") returns 23.45

IS_NUM(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS BOOLEAN


returns the value TRUE if ThisString represents a valid numeric
value Note: <data type> may be CHAR or STRING
Example: IS_NUM("12.36") returns TRUE
Example: IS_NUM("-12.36") returns TRUE
Example: IS_NUM("12.3a") returns FALSE

ASC(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS INTEGER returns


an integer value (the ASCII value) of ThisChar
Example: ASC('A') returns 65

CHR(x : INTEGER) RETURNS CHAR


returns the character whose integer value (the ASCII value) is

x Example: CHR(87)returns 'W'

NUMERIC Functions

INT(x : REAL) RETURNS INTEGER


returns the integer part of x

Example: INT(27.5415) returns 27

RAND(x : INTEGER) RETURNS REAL


returns a real number in the range 0 to x (not inclusive of x)

2 Example: RAND(87) could return 35.43

Notes by Faiza Anwer +923218923451


Computer Science 9618
Paper 2. Sec 11.1.) Built-in-Functions
DATE Functions

Note: Date format is assumed to be DDMMYYYY unless otherwise stated.

DAY(ThisDate : DATE) RETURNS INTEGER


returns the current day number from ThisDate

Example: DAY(4/10/2003) returns 4

MONTH(ThisDate : DATE) RETURNS INTEGER


returns the current month number from ThisDate
Example: MONTH(4/10/2003) returns 10

YEAR(ThisDate : DATE) RETURNS INTEGER


returns the current year number from ThisDate

Example: YEAR(4/10/2003) returns 2003

DAYINDEX(ThisDate : DATE) RETURNS INTEGER


returns the current day index number from ThisDate where Sunday = 1, Monday = 2, Tuesday =
3 etc.

Example: DAYINDEX(12/05/2020) returns 3

SETDATE(Day, Month, Year : INTEGER) RETURNS DATE


returns a variable of type DATE

NOW() RETURNS DATE


returns the current date

OTHER Functions

EOF(FileName : STRING) RETURNS BOOLEAN


returns TRUE if there are no more lines to be read from file FileName

Note: This function will generate an ERROR if the file is not already open in READ mode

Notes by Faiza Anwer +923218923451


Computer Science 9618
Paper 2. Sec 11.1.) Built-in-Functions
OPERATORS

Concatenates (joins) two strings


& Example: "Summer" & " " & "Pudding" evaluates to "Summer Pudding"
Note: This operator may also be used to concatenate a character with a string
Performs a logical AND on two Boolean values
AND
Example: TRUE AND FALSE evaluates to FALSE
Performs a logical OR on two Boolean values
OR
Example: TRUE OR FALSE evaluates to TRUE
Performs a logical NOT on a Boolean value
NOT
Example: NOT TRUE evaluates to FALSE
Finds the remainder when one number is divided by another
MOD
Example: 10 MOD 3 evaluates to 1
Finds the quotient when one number is divided by another
DIV
Example 10 DIV 3 evaluates to 3

Notes by Faiza Anwer +923218923451

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