Read the comic strip below. Mr.
Potato discovered that his students need help in
understanding the body systems – respiratory and circulatory systems. Let us join them as they
unravel how this body systems work.
Comic strip created in https://piktochart.com /
The Respiratory System
Do you know that each day we breathe about twenty thousand times? Breathing is so important to
life that it happens automatically. All of us cannot live without breathing. All of this breathing could
not happen without help from the respiratory system.
Breathing is the process that delivers oxygen to where it is needed in the body
and removes carbon dioxide. All animals need oxygen to live. Land animals get
oxygen from the air. We breathe in to allow oxygen to move into our bloodstream
and we breathe out to remove carbon dioxide from our blood. The oxygen is carried
in the blood to all cells of the body. And did you know that the air we breathe out
has 100 times more carbon dioxide than the oxygen we breathe in. And what
organ is in-
charge when it comes to breathing?
If you guessed your lungs, you are right. Your lungs make up one of the
largest organs in your body, and they work in your respiratory system to allow
you to breathe.
Air flows into your body through the nose or mouth and enters a specific
pathway for air. These pathways carry air into our lungs. Then these split off where
they become smaller and smaller. In the end, the pathways are attached to small air
sacs where the exchange of oxygen from the air for carbon dioxide occurs.
Parts and Its Functions
The human respiratory system is composed of the nasal cavity, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. It is liable for the method of respiration that's
vital to the survival of living beings.
Respiratory System
Figure from DepEd BLR illustrations
Nose and Mouth (Nasal Cavity)
The nose is what we normally use to inhale and exhale. It has two holes called nostrils through which air passes. The
Pharynx and Larynx
The pharynx is the opening just behind the nose and
mouth and is part of both the respiratory and digestive systems. Both food and air pass through the pharynx; it
of food or liquids.
Trachea and Bronchi
The trachea, also referred to as the windpipe, is a tube
through which respiratory gas transport takes place. It is lined with ciliated cells to push particles out, and car
exchange happens.
Lungs
The lungs are the most essential organ for respiration. They consist of a
cluster of bronchioles and alveoli, blood vessels, and elastic tissue. Their main
function is to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream, and to excrete carbon dioxide into the air.
What happens to these organs
when we breathe?
What pulls the air to enter our
body and pushes it to leave?
Mechanism of Breathing
Inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration) are the processes by
which the body takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide during breathing.
You breathe with the help of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
between your ribs.
The diaphragm is shaped like a parachute and located below your lungs. It
divides the chest cavity from the abdomen, while intercostal muscles are located
between your ribs.
● Breathing in (Inhalation)
When you breathe in (inhale), your diaphragm contracts (tightens)
and moves downward. In this way, it could provide a bigger space for your
lungs to expand in the chest cavity. Also, the intercostal muscles help
widen the area in the chest cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage both
upward and outward when you breathe.
As your lungs expand, air enters the nose and mouth, traveling
towards your windpipe and into your lungs.
● Breathing out (Exhalation)
When you breathe out (exhale), your diaphragm relaxes and moves
upward into the chest cavity. The intercostal muscles also relax to decrease
the area in the chest cavity.
As the space in the chest cavity reduced, carbon dioxide is pushed
out of your lungs and windpipe, and then out of your nose or mouth.
The Circulatory System
Since oxygen is carried in the bloodstream, let us also discuss the b
What is Circulatory System?
The function of the circulatory system is to transport
oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and to carry
deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood and carbon dioxide back to
the heart and lungs.
Its major parts are the heart, the blood, and the
blood vessels. The heart is a muscular pump which
keeps the blood flowing to each part of the body. The
blood circulates through a closed system—that is,
blood in the circulatory system stays inside the
vessels. Generally, your blood circulates from your
heart, throughout your body, and back to your heart
about every 60 seconds.
Human Circulatory System
Figure from DepEd BLR illustrations
Blood: Fluid Transport
Blood is a tissue made of fluid, cells,
and fragments of cells. The fluid or the
flowing portion of the blood is termed
plasma. Plasma is straw-colored fluid
and makes up about 55 percent of the total
Components of Blood volume of blood. Red and white blood
Figure from Canva.com cells and platelets are suspended in plasma.
Blood Vessels: Pathways of Circulation
The circulatory system has three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and
capillaries.
● Arteries carry blood away from the heart towards the rest of the body. They
carry oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood except pulmonary arteries, which carry
deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The arteries branch off from
the heart. They branch off into smaller arteries called arterioles. Arterioles
enter tissues, where they branch into the smallest blood vessels, the
capillaries.
● Veins carry blood from the rest of the body back towards the heart. They
carry deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood excluding pulmonary veins, which
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. In your body, oxygen-
poor blood has a darker red color.
You can think of arteries and veins as a system of roads. Large arteries and
veins are like major highways. Smaller arteries and veins are like streets that route
traffic through local neighborhoods. Arteries and veins are connected by a system of
capillaries.
● Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels that move blood to and from the
cells of the body. These vessels are so small that blood cells must move
through them in single file. Its walls are very thin that materials can easily
diffuse into and out of them.
Heart: The Vital Pump
Parts of the Heart
Figure from DepEd BLR illustrations
Thousands of blood vessels in your body would be of little use if there is no
organ that will move blood through them. The heart moves blood through the vessels.
In fact, the main function of the heart is to keep blood moving
constantly through the body.
The largest structures in your heart are the four chambers. As shown in the
figure, the two smaller chambers are the right atrium and left atrium (plural,
atria), and the two larger chambers are the right and left ventricles. The
ventricles are separated by a thick wall of tissue called septum. The heart valves are
flaps of tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwards. They open when the atria
or ventricles contract, and shut when it relaxes.
Types of Circulation
Circulating blood follows two separate pathways that meet at the heart, as
shown in the figure. These pathways are called pulmonary and systemic
circulation. All of your blood travels through both of these pathways.
● Pulmonary circulation occurs only between the heart and the lungs. The
main function of this circulation is to carry deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood to
the lungs, where it picks up O2, expels excess CO2 and water, and carries
oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart. Each lung is supplied by its
own pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein.
Pulmonary Circulation
Figure from DepEd BLR illustrations
● Systemic circulation occurs between the heart and the rest of the body,
except for the lungs. The main function of this circulation is to carry oxygenated
blood to all cells and transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Systemic
circulation starts when blood leaves the left ventricle. The blood then flows
through the torso, arms, legs, and head, and then reverts to the heart.
Systemic Circulation
Figure from DepEd BLR illustrations
● Coronary circulation consists of the blood vessels that supply blood to, and
remove blood from, the heart. The vessels that provide blood high in oxygen
levels to the heart are called as coronary arteries.
Coronary Circulation
Figure from DepEd BLR illustrations
Blood Flow in the Heart
Once you know the basic structures and actions of the heart, it is now
easier to understand how oxygenated (oxygen-rich) and deoxygenated (oxygen-poor)
blood flow through this organ.
Blood Circulation
Figure from DepEd BLR illustrations
1. Deoxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood from the body enters the right atrium.
2. Blood then flows through right Atrioventricular (AV) valve going to right
ventricle.
3. Contraction of right ventricle pushes the pulmonary valve open. With that,
blood moves through pulmonary valve to pulmonary trunk.
4. Then it is dispersed by right and left pulmonary arteries to both right and left
lungs, where it drops off Carbon dioxide (CO2) and picks up oxygen (O2).
5. Oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood from lungs returns thru pulmonary arteries
going to left atrium.
6. From there, it flows through left Atrioventricular (AV) valve into left ventricle.
7. Contraction of left ventricle makes the aortic valve open. This makes blood
flow to aorta.
8. It is then disseminated to every structure in the body, where it unloads O2
and loads CO2.
9. Blood reverts to heart thru vena cava.
The Respiratory and Circulatory systems working together
Every cell in your body needs nutrients and oxygen to function, but it also
needs to get rid of waste products.
The circulatory system transports blood and other materials. It carries
essential supplies to the cells and extracts their wastes. The organization of the blood
vessels in the circulatory system also keeps oxygen-poor blood from mixing with
oxygen-rich blood.
While in respiratory system, gas exchange takes place. You can think of it as
a supply warehouse where the blood can load up oxygen (O 2) and expel carbon
dioxide (CO2). The lungs of the respiratory system are the only place in your body
where gases in the blood are exchanged with gases from the atmosphere.
The respiratory and circulatory systems work closely together to maintain
homeostasis in the face of constant change. Every time you exercise, lie down to
rest, or simply stand up, you change your needs for oxygen and nutrients. As a result,
your heart speeds up or slows down and you breathe faster or slower, depending on
your activity.
What’s More
Activity 1: Mix and Match.
As shown in the diagram, the parts of the Respiratory System are labelled 1,
2, 3 etc. Below the diagram is a table with three columns. The first column refers to
the labelled parts on the diagram, the second column (A, B, C, etc.) are the parts of
the respiratory system and lastly (r, s, t, etc.) are the functions. Your first task is to
unscramble the letters of each word found in the second column. Then, match the
first column to the second column and to the third column by writing the letter/s for
each number. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Example: 1. C – w
Figure from DepEd BLR illustrations
PARTS OF THE
No. RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS
SYSTEM
also called windpipe; a hollow tube that serves
1 A. MAIDGRAPH r.
as passageway of air into the lungs
also called bronchial tubes; two branching
2 B. CHEATAR s.
tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs
also called air sacs; allow the gas exchange in
3 C. ALSAN VACITY t.
lungs
Located behind the nasal cavity and above
4 D. SNUGL u.
the larynx. Food as well as air passes
through it
associated with the production of sound; is
5 E. VIALOLE v. situated in the neck of mammals and plays a
vital role in the protection of the trachea
the organ through which the air enters and is
6 F. BONRICH w.
filtered
the finer subdivisions of bronchi; hair like
7 G. SCHOOLBRINE x.
tubes that connect to alveoli
either of the paired respiratory organs,
8 H. XYLARN y. situated inside the rib cage, that transfer
oxygen into
the blood and remove carbon dioxide from it
muscular wall below the rib cage that contracts
9 I. HAXYNRP z.
when we exhale
Activity 2: The Oxygen Treasure Map
Identify the correct order of the body parts where the oxygen passes
through starting from outside of the body to the bloodstream. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper. Use the words below as your clue:
Bronchi, Alveoli, Trachea, Nasal Cavity, Capillaries, Pharynx, Bronchioles
START
5 6
Outside of the Body
1 4 7
FINISH
2 3
Blood Stream
Activity 3: Oxygen –Carbon Dioxide Exchange
Arrange the statements in alphabetical order from A-O based on the processes
of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body.
2. Carbon dioxide moves from bronchioles to bronchi.
3. Air moves through the bronchi into the bronchioles.
4. Blood picks up Carbon dioxide from the body.
5. Breathe in.
6. Alveoli receive oxygen to pass to blood.
7. The heart pumps carbon dioxide-rich blood to the lungs.
8. Nose traps germs in the air.
9. Oxygen passes into the blood.
10. Air moves down the trachea.
11. Alveoli receive carbon dioxide from the blood.
12. Oxygen-rich blood flows to the heart.
13. Carbon dioxide flows up the trachea.
14. Breathe out.
15. Carbon dioxide flows out of the nose and mouth.
Activity 4: Missing Parts
Find the 10 names of the different parts of the circulatory system in the word
search grid. Look for them in all directions including backwards and diagonally.
Write it on a separate sheet of paper and provide the functions of each.
A T R A R Y P L E S R U L O O D S E I R
M V A O R T A T R E R Y B V E L L E S E
P E T N I S F V L S E L C I R T N E V C
L N R E N U E L A G F I H T G I N G R T
I U I N O N C I R C L E S L O T S S I I
T S U J A P L A S M A N E T E L N E N O
U L M C A R R I E R S N A T T I L E E D
D U A R T E R I T O I L E S E R U N O A
E V E N T O S A S U L I E V E I C O L R
Y R E T R A B R O N G C H I E O L S N I
G N I T S E I R A L L I P A C B E E O N
Activity 5: Go with the flow!
Below is a simplified path of the blood flow inside our body. You are asked to
identify first the parts of the heart indicated by A-D. Also, name the two arrows
labelled as E and F which represents the pathways. By looking at the diagram, fill in
the blanks on How blood flows through the heart. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Lungs
A B
C D
E
Body F
How blood flows through the heart?
Blood from the body travels into the (A) , moves into the (C) ,
and is finally pushed into the lungs in the pulmonary (E) . The blood then
picks up oxygen and travels back to the heart into the (B) through the
pulmonary (F) . Then it travels through to the (D) and exits the
body through the aorta.
Activity 6: Working Together!
Complete the crossword puzzle by filling in the missing words in the text
below. Once the crossword and the text are complete, answer the guide questions
found on the next page. A scoring rubric will be used to grade your answers.
Each individual body system works in conjunction with other body systems.
The circulatory system is a good example of how body systems interact with each
other. Your (14) pumps blood through a complex network of (13) .
When your (10) circulates through your digestive system, for example, it picks
up (7) your body absorbed from your last meal. Your blood also carries
oxygen inhaled by the (5) . Your (6) system delivers oxygen and
nutrients to the other (2) of your body then picks up any (11) products
created by these cells, including carbon dioxide, and delivers these to the kidneys
and lungs for disposal.
Each of your body systems relies on the others to work well. Your (9)
system relies on your circulatory system to deliver the (4) it gathers; while the
muscles of your heart cannot function without the oxygen they receive from your
lungs. The circulatory system provides your (1) with a constant supply of
oxygen-(15) blood while your brain regulates your (12) and (3) .
Working together, these systems maintain internal stability and balance,
otherwise known as (8) .
Guide Questions:
Q1. How does blood get oxygen?
Q2. Why should the respiratory system need to respond to the activities
of the circulatory system?
Q3. Can a disease in one body system affect Homeostasis? If yes, how?
To sum up what you have learned from this module, fill in the blanks using
the words inside the box. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Alveoli Capillaries Lungs Right Atrium
Aorta Circulatory System Nasal Cavity Right Ventricle
Arteries Heart Oxygenated Trachea
Blood Larynx Oxygen Veins
Blood Vessels Left Atrium Pharynx Ventricles
Breathing Left Ventricle Respiratory System Wastes
Bronchi
1. The is composed of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, and lungs.
2. The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply the blood with
to all parts of the body.
3. The respiratory system is made of body parts that are in charge of your
. It includes:
a. The which is responsible for conditioning the air that
is received by the nose.
b. The which is the opening just behind the nose and
mouth and is part of both the respiratory and digestive systems.
c. The which is commonly called the voice box, an organ
on top of the neck involved in breathing, producing sound and
protecting the trachea against food aspiration
d. The , also referred to as the windpipe, is a tube
through which respiratory gas transport takes place.
e. The which carries air that is breathed in through to the
functional tissues of the lungs, called alveoli.
f. The which carry out the process of gas exchange.
g. The that give our lungs huge surface area for absorbing
oxygen from the air.
4. The (a) is the body system that transports blood and other
materials. It brings vital supplies to the cells and carries away their
(b) .
5. is the red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of
humans and other vertebrate animals, carrying oxygen to and carbon
dioxide from the tissues of the body.
6. The are part of the circulatory system that transports blood
throughout the body.
7. There are three major types of blood vessels: the (a) , which
carry the blood away from the heart; the (b) , which enable the
actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues;
and the (c) , which carry blood from the capillaries back
toward the heart.
8. The is a muscular pump that generates the blood pressure
needed to keep the blood flowing. It is divided into four chambers;
(a) , (b) right ventricle, (c) , and (d) left ventricle.
9. The (a) is the main artery from the heart. It carries (b)
blood to the body and head.
10. The are underneath the atria and are the chambers that
pump blood out of the heart.
11. The has a thin wall because it only needs to pump the blood
around the lungs at low pressure.
12. The has a much thicker wall because it generates the high
pressure needed to push blood to the head and body.
Read and analyze the given daily situations. You might already have
experienced them, answer these situations with the concepts you just learned. The
same scoring rubric found on page 19 will be used to grade your answers.
Blush Response. What causes you to blush? Why do we look the same whenever we experience intense heat?
How does the increase in blood flow help in cooling down our bodies? Why do people also turn pal
Why do people turn pale once they are frightened?
References
Books:
Alvarez, Liza A., Dave G. Angeles, Hernan L. Apurada, Ma. Pillar P.
Carmona, Oliver A., Lahorra, Judith f. Marcaida, Ma. Regaele A.
Olarte. Science 9 - Learner's Module. DepEd - Instructional Materials
Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS). Pasig city: FEP Printing
Corporation, 2014.
Sales, Princess. “Science 9 – Learner’s Work Book.” DepEd Commons, 2020.
https://commons.deped.gov.ph/.
Image Sources:
Characters (Mr. Potato and the students). https://piktochart.com.
DepEd - Bureau of Learning Resources (BLR) Illustrations. Blank Parts of
the Heart. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/
DepEd - Bureau of Learning Resources (BLR) Illustrations. Blank
Respiratory System Diagram. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph
DepEd - Bureau of Learning Resources (BLR) illustrations. Blood Flow.
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph
DepEd - Bureau of Learning Resources (BLR) illustrations. Blood
Circulation. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph
DepEd - Bureau of Learning Resources (BLR) illustrations. Boy inhaling.
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph
DepEd - Bureau of Learning Resources (BLR) illustrations. Coronary
Circulation. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph
DepEd - Bureau of Learning Resources (BLR) illustrations. Human
Circulatory System. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph
DepEd - Bureau of Learning Resources (BLR) illustrations. Parts of the
Heart. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph
DepEd - Bureau of Learning Resources (BLR) illustrations. Pulmonary
Circulation. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph
DepEd - Bureau of Learning Resources (BLR) illustrations. Respiratory
System. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph
DepEd - Bureau of Learning Resources (BLR) illustrations. Systemic
Circulation. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph
Lejano, Hanna Angela E, Comic Strip. https://piktochart.com
Science Photo Library. Components of Blood. https://canva.com/
Science Photo Library. Human Respiratory System. https://canva.com/
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifa
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: *
