TITLE : SMART FERTIGATION SYSTEM

DEPARTMENT : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUPERVISOR : AHMAD RASHIDI BIN RAZALI

SESSION : 2

WAN MUHAMMAD ‘ATIF BIN WAN AZIR 13DEM21F1011

CONTENT
i|Page
 DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY AND OWNERSHIP
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
CONTENT
LIST OF TABLE
LIST OF FIGURE
LIST OF SYMBOL
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
LIST OF APPENDIX
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 OBJECTIVE
1.4 SCOPE
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW
2.2 INTERNET OF THING BASED ON FERTIGATION SYSTEM
2.3 FABRICATION OF THE SMART FERTIGATION SYSTEM
2.4 CONCEPT OF THE SMART FERTIGATION SYSTEM…
2.5 DESIGN FOR THE SMART FERTIGATION SYSYEM…
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW
3.2 FLOWCHART
3.3 DESIGN OF THE SMART FERTIGATION SYSTEM
3.4 LIST OF MATERIAL
3.5 LIST OF COMPONENT
3.6 LIST OF SOFTWARE
3.7 CIRCUIT
3.8 PROGRAMMING
3.9 ESTIMATED COST

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CHAPTER 4
RESULT, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW
4.2 ANALISYS OF FUNCTIONAL
4.3 ANALISYS OF DURABILITY
4.4 ANALSYS OF PERFORMANCE/EFFICIENCY
4.5 DICSUSSION
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL
5.4 GREEN TECHNOLOGY/SUSTAINABILITY
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A: MILESTONE PROJECT 1 AND PROJECT 2
APPENDIX B: COST/ PROFIT MARGIN/ SELLING PRICE ANALYSIS
APPENDIX C: TABLE OF INDIVIDUAL DUTIES BY PROJECT SCOPER
APPENDIX D: ENGINEERING DRAWING USING SOFTWARE
APPENDIX E: USER MANUAL/ DATASHEET
APPENDIX F: PROJECT IMAGE
APPENDIX G: PROJECT IVENTORY FORM
APPENDIX H: INDUSTRIAL SUPPORT LETTER
APPENDIX I: INDUSTRIAL COLLABORATION LETTER

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 APPRECIATION

First of all, we would like to thank to the Almighty for giving us the strength and
health to complete this final project successfully.
Next, we would like to express our deepest appreciation to all those who provided us
the possibility to complete this report. We would like to give a special gratitude to our project
supervisor, Sir Ahmad Rashidi Bin Razali for invaluable guidance throughout the
implementation of this project.
Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role
of polytechnic staffs who gave the permission to use all the required equipment and the
necessary materials to complete this project.
Last but not least, thank you to all our friends who have been very helpful and
encouraging us to continue this project until the end. Not forgetting to the teammates for
having their best cooperation during this project preparation. Besides that, we also thank to
our family members who always support us during this project. Finally, we once again wish
to express our appreciation and thanks to all the parties who is involved directly or indirectly
in making of this final project. Thank you.

ABSTRACT
Small-scale farmers in the field face constraints in terms of time for irrigation and
fertilization of plants. They also lack labor and this results in time-consuming tasks.
Typically, small-scale farmers manually fertilize and water their crops, which is time-
consuming and poses high safety risks. Small-scale farmers are likely to provide uneven
amounts of fertilizer and water to each plant, which can lead to some plants receiving
insufficient nutrients or excessive nutrients, damaging the yield. To achieve good results,
plants need to receive adequate nutrients and a sufficient amount of water in a systematic
manner. The purpose of this smart fertigation system machine is to reduce the time and effort
required by small-scale farmers for fertilization and irrigation tasks. Additionally, safety
factors need to be considered to reduce the risk of injuries. The proper use of sufficient
fertilizer and avoiding excess can address environmental pollution issues such as soil and
water contamination. This machine utilizes an Arduino system and IoT 4.0 technology, with a
design that prioritizes the safety of small-scale farmers.

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

A Smart Fertigation System is an advanced agricultural technology that combines the

concepts of precision agriculture and precision irrigation. This system is designed to
provide the plants with the right amount of water, nutrients, and fertilizers, thereby
optimizing their growth and yield while minimizing the waste of resources such as water
and fertilizers.
The Smart Fertigation System incorporates various sensors, control systems, and
communication technologies to continuously monitor the plant's growth and the
surrounding environmental conditions. This data is then processed by a computer or a
mobile device application, which determines the precise amount of water and nutrients to
be delivered to the plants at any given time.
The system can also be programmed to adjust the delivery of nutrients and water
based on specific crop needs, weather conditions, soil moisture levels, and other factors
that affect plant growth. The system can even provide real-time alerts to farmers or
growers in case of any anomalies or changes in the plant's health.
Smart Fertigation Systems have gained popularity in recent years due to their ability
to improve crop productivity, reduce water usage, and minimize the impact of agricultural
activities on the environment. These systems have the potential to revolutionize the way
we grow crops and address the challenges of food security in the face of climate change
and population growth.

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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Most small-scale farmers as well as part time farmers do not have time to monitor
their plants and provide it with suitable amount of fertilizer and water. This predicament will
prove troublesome for these groups of people where they must take care of their plant's well-
being despite being busy with other duties.
Precision application of fertilizer is needed for their plants, inefficient and imprecise
application of fertilizers on the plants can expedite soil degradation, water pollution and
worst of all the reduction of crop yields. Plants can and will wilt if the amount of fertilizer
given is overestimated or because of lack of nutrient if underestimated.
1.3 OBJECTIVE
1. To study about an IoT based fertigation system.
2. To design and assemble an iot based fertigation system.
3. To develop fertigation system in agriculture industry.
1.4 SCOPE
1. For the use of small-scale farmers.
2. Use in Dungun area only.
3. Use for small scale veggies farm.

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW

Literature research is a process of gathering knowledge via reading and study.
Information gained by compiling a variety of facts from numerous publications. All data was
gathered through researching publications in Google Scholar.
2.2 INTERNET OF THINGS BASED ON FERTIGATION SYSTEM
The Internet of Things (IoT) can be thought of as a network of physical objects or
“things” that have been embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity to
enable these objects to collect and exchange data. Nowadays, IoT is a new trend technology
that helps physical devices around the world link to the Internet for remote control. There are
various inventions from different industries that make use of this IoT as their system based.
The same goes to agriculture, this field is also put a lot of effort to improve the efficiency of
planting to be more reliable and more ease. Fertigation is one of the examples of planting that
requires precision control and regular monitoring to ensure the positive rate of production. In
the Smart Fertigation system based on IoT, there are a few existing systems with different
approaches that have been introduced in past years (Ahmed, Osman, & Awadalkarim, 2018).

The traditional fertigation system has some issues that make it ineffective in agriculture. The
quantity and time of irrigation control are manual and estimate. Besides, the quantity of
added fertigation is approximate. Then, some fertiliser affects plants and productivity.
Moreover, this traditional system is highly cost of irrigation and fertilisation. Smart
Fertigation Monitoring System is a hardware and software embedded system that helps the
user to control and monitor the growth of crops by using sensors.

The literature review is a basic knowledge before producing a product that being
implemented.its includes the information that based to the product and project that you want
to focused on .For this chapter,the inputs is the types of material that is use in this project.It
also contains the concept of the project and also the prototype design of it.In the first
paragraph of the first article,they state that the agronomic models that should be integrated
with the intelligent system which schedule the irrigation and fertilization according to the
plant needs, and monitors and maintains the desired soil moisture content via automatic
watering. The solar fertigation depends on low-cost WSN (wireless sensor network)
autonomous from the energy point of view, monitors and transmit locally toward the on –

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cloud software platform. their prototype can detect soil and the environmental parameter to
check the crop growth directly. They used a wireless sensor network application for irrigation
facilities management based on radio frequency identification (RFID) and quick response
(QR) codes. The system monitors the temperature, radiation, humidity, soil moisture, and
other physical parameters. (Visconti, P.; De Fazio, R.; Primiceri, P.; Cafagna, D.; Strazzella,
S.; Giannoccaro, N.I 2020).

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2.3 FABRICATION OF THE SMART FERTIGATION SYSTEM
The rapid developments of modern information and communication technologies
(ICT) have created extensive opportunities for sustainable production and service operations
management, where Internet of Things (IoT) has played an important role. IoT has been
widely applied to various areas including precision agriculture smart poultry farming,
intelligent manufacturing, smart city, and smart healthcare systems (By using IoT, higher
productivity, sustainable profitability, and higher quality products can be achieved (Ruan
et al., 2019a, 2019d, Pereira et al., 2020, Giret et al., 2017; Tao et al., 2014).

In terms of precision agriculture, IoT can be used to monitor environment and crop growth in
real time, which is an effective way to plan and control sustainable agricultural production.
Protected agriculture is one of the early practices to carry out precision agriculture. In
protected agriculture, water and fertilizer management is an important production activity,
which has a significant impact on the economic and environmental benefits obtained from
agriculture production. Fertigation technology is widely used in protected agriculture for
water and fertilizer management, which can improve the utilization efficiency of resources,
raise the yield and quality of crops, reduce environmental pollution save efforts, money, time
and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, the fertigation
technology refers to the drip irrigation mode delivering water or fertigation solution to the
roots of plants drop by drop. Note that the water and fertilizer management in the present
study is based on fertigation technology, so the phrase “fertigation management” is also used
to replace “water and fertilizer management” or “irrigation and fertilization management”
(Thompson et al., 2002 Benedetti et al., 2019; Oweis et al., 2011; Zarski et al., 2020; Ruan et
al., 2019a; Shi et al., 2019).

Although advanced information technology and agricultural technology has been applied to
conduct sustainable agricultural production, a great deal of effort is needed to achieve broader
and deeper sustainable precision agriculture. In terms of irrigation and fertilization
management in IoT-enabled precision agriculture, existing research have more focused on
technical issues rather than optimization issues. In these studies, advanced control
technologies were developed to solve related technical issues such as the accurate
configuration of the fertigation solution for the specific crop in a certain growth period.
Focusing on the fertigation management of a crop in a growth period can achieve local

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optimization of water and nutrition replenishment for crops. However, it cannot guarantee
global optimization since the resources need to be allocated among multiple plants in their

growth cycle. Besides, some studies have developed the framework of IoT-based fertigation
or irrigation systems for precision irrigation and fertilization. In these studies, IoT was
applied to monitor the environment and crop growth information to provide crops with
accurate water and fertilizer resources in real time. However, these systems have more
focused on the timeliness of resource replenishment in a short time, while the long-term
economic and environmental goals of the fertigation system are not considered. This is
unsustainable for fertigation management since the resources replenished for crops are often
limited. Thus, the method for developing sustainable irrigation and fertilization management
in precision agriculture is urgently needed (Aisham and Rahim, 2019; Krishnan et al., 2020).

This study focuses on the resource allocation issues derived from IoT-enabled precision
agriculture for achieving sustainable fertigation management. First, a framework of IoT-based
smart fertigation systems is proposed, where the management for water and fertilizer
resources is divided into two stages: long-term planning and short-term planning. Based on
the framework, we deal with the long-term planning issue and construct an integer linear
programming (ILP) model considering both economic and environmental goals for allocating
limited water and fertilizer resources among crops. In the ILP model, the ratios between water
and fertilizers in each growth period of each crop are determined to guarantee accurate
concentration and pH values of the fertigation solution to provide precise nutrients for crop
growth. After that, a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is designed to solve the optimization
model, where a local search method called Large Neighbourhood Search (LNS) is integrated
to enhance the exploitation ability of the procedure. Numerical experiments based on a case
study are carried out to test the effectiveness of the presented model and algorithm. Results
indicate that the ILP model can offer more economic and environmental benefits than
empirical models. Also, it has been verified that the local search ability of HGA is enhanced
compared with the traditional genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, some management
implications are obtained from sensitivity analysis to support managers’ decision-making on
planting structure design, strategies selection of water and fertilizer storage and
replenishment. The proposed method for long-term fertigation management in IoT-enabled
precision agriculture can achieve economic goals while offering environmental benefits. This

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is critical in promoting precision agriculture as well as achieving sustainable production and
operations management.

2.4 CONCEPT OF THE SMART FERTIGATION SYSTEM

Fertigation technology suggests sprinkling fertilizers into the precision irrigation

system from reservoirs with water-soluble fertilizers. Typically, it is done with injectors and a
pressure-controlled valve. Most fertigation systems are equipped with sensors to measure pH
levels and electric conductivity. This way, necessary fertilizer rates can be determined on
fields, and fertigation and irrigation system injectors can be set accordingly. There are several
types of fertigation systems, distinguished by their size and scale, management approach, and
application strategy. Fertigation control systems can be either manually operated or
automated. When growing on a small scale, fertilizer solutions are typically mixed by hand.
Every fertilizer batch is measured, dosed, modified, and blended manually. By using timers,
which are often incorporated into the irrigation system, automated fertigation ensures that
every single crop gets the appropriate amount of water and nutrients at precisely the right
time in relation to its growth stage. In addition, automated fertigation systems accomplish it
without spending the tens of thousands of man-hours needed to manually prepare and
administer each nutrient formula.

Crops require different nutrient volumes at different plant growth stages. Either too early or
too late, applications almost turn into waste due to runoff or volatilization. This particularly
refers to nitrates that are not retained in the soil. As for phosphorus, it may leak too, though in
many cases, about 50% of this fertilizer is administered before planting. Fertigation allows
agronomists to supply nutrients to crops in the right amount and at the right time, thus
proving to be the most efficient method. Increasing the frequency of root-zone fertigation
enhances the soil’s capacity to absorb nutrients and stimulates a production increase. This
way, fertigation also promotes rapid root growth and boosts root density in the top layers of
soil.

Furthermore, smaller fertilizer amounts applied right on time save farmers money and
prevent unjustified soil salinization due to saline water or when fertilizers salt out. Soil
compaction can also be avoided by using methods like drip irrigation, which do not
necessitate the use of heavy machinery to disturb the soil in order to provide nutrients to the
plants. Depending on the crop’s needs within the specified time frame, the nutrient
management strategy may call for fertigation on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. It also

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makes sense to apply nutrients slightly before the crop needs them to secure successful
growth. Typically, the most intensive fertigation period should be during plant growth, with
reduced or completely stopped fertilizing at the harvesting stage. By tracking weekly
progress, farmers can schedule fertigation events.

The advantages of irrigation and fertilization are combined into one automated system by a
smart fertigation system, which is a sophisticated method of agricultural irrigation and
fertilization. To give water and nutrients to plants as efficiently as possible, it combines
technology and data analysis. This enhances crop health, boosts productivity, and maximizes
the use of resources. Using a network of sensors, the system gathers data in real-time on a
variety of environmental variables, including soil moisture, temperature, humidity, light
intensity, and nutrient levels. These sensors can be carefully positioned around the field or
greenhouse to collect precise and targeted data.

The system has an automated control mechanism that modifies the operations of fertilization
and watering in accordance with the data analysis. To precisely manage the quantity and time
of water and fertilizer provided to the plants, it can be connected to irrigation infrastructure,
such as drip systems or sprinklers, and nutrient delivery systems. The fertigation method
combines irrigation and fertilisation techniques. Ideally, plants require a specific amount of
nutrients for healthy growth present in fertilisers. Farmers dissolve these fertilisers in
irrigation channels or store them in tanks to deliver them into the soil. The nutrients like
diammonium phosphate, urea, ammonia, mono-ammonium, ammonium nitrate and phosphate
are transferred to the soil. Some farmers also use bypass fertiliser tanks where the
concentration of nutrients is higher than the irrigation water. However, there is a traditional
approach like putting fertiliser in a tank and facilitating fertigation with gravity. Individuals
can set fertigation units in their lawns to fertilise their plants 4-5 times per year. They must
apply fertiliser when the grass is actively growing. In winters, fertigation should be done
twice with nitrogen-rich fertilisers. Apart from learning the meaning of fertigation, UPSC
2022 aspirants should check its benefits. This will help them answer the short questions
and current affairs confidently.

Fertigation is all the rage now and is indispensable in an agricultural setting, but in the home
garden, it has some questionable attributes. Fertigation via aerial spray nozzles produces a
mist that drifts easily which may affect your neighbour’s garden as well. Also, fertilizer
sprays that drift onto vehicles should be washed off ASAP. If, for instance, the spray drifts

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onto your neighbour’s car and is left overnight, it can damage the paint. In addition, because
the fertilizer used is often a chemical, a reduced pressure backflow preventer should be in
use. Most home gardeners don’t have one and they are a bit pricey. Home sprinkler systems
often have a significant runoff, runoff that contains fertilizer that will then spread to
waterways where it encourages algae and non-native weed growth. Nitrogen, the most
common nutrient applied via injection, easily evaporates into the air, which means that you
may be backsliding in terms of feeding the plants.

Fertigation requires either a suitable irrigation system with a backflow preventer or a DIY
setup that adapts an existing drip irrigation system with valves, pumps, emitters, and a timer.
Once you have a setup, you need to decide how often to fertilize, which isn’t an easy question
to answer since everything from the grass to the trees will have a different schedule. A
general fertigation guide for lawns is to fertilize 4-5 times per year, at the bare minimum,
twice a year. Apply the fertilizer when the grass is actively growing. In the case of cool-
season grasses, fertigation should occur twice, once after winter dormancy and again with
nitrogen-rich food in the early fall. Warm grasses should be fertilized in the spring and again
in the late summer with a fertilizer that is heavy on nitrogen. As to other perennials and
annuals, fertigation isn’t the ideal fertilization method since each plant’s needs will be unique.
A better idea is to apply a foliar spray or to dig in slow-release fertilizer or organic compost.
That way each individual plant’s needs can be met.

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2.5 DESIGN FOR THE SMART FERTIGATION SYSTEM
Data mining algorithm are used to take decisions on drip irrigation system. Automated
drip irrigation system having WSN placed in all over farm and different type of sensors like
soil moisture sensor, wind direction, wind speed, soil temperature gives reading to control
station and base station. WSN uses ad hoc network which gives self-configuration and
flexibility. Sensor data is given to base station and data is received using ZigBee. Data
processing is done at base station for decision making. Data mining algorithm is used to take
decision on data from sensor to drip. All observation is remotely monitor through web
application. Data mining Naïve Bayes algorithm is used for decision making on data set
which is real time feed from field sensor. Algorithm check probability of each attribute. Drip
irrigation on and off decision are made. Previous data set of agriculture is provided to take
decision. All data of field is given to web application for observation. Data change as per
geological and soil condition system does not work suitably. This system works on Naïve
Bayes algorithm for irrigation control. Algorithm works on previous data set for decision
making if any attribute is not frequent result is zero.

Current automated drip irrigation system work on one condition at time like soil moisture,
temperature, air direction, soil pH value. If system is working on soil moisture condition, then
threshold value is for decision of irrigation. Other parameter does not consider for irrigation.
Water availability and weather condition are also important to save water and get maximum
profit. Automated intelligent wireless drip irrigation system uses linear programming to get
maximum profit from available water and crop water requirement. This system calculates
water requirement of different crop, available water, and maximum profit scenario for
different crop field. Decision support system helps to take decision of irrigation for different
crop field. System use linear programming for maximum profit on defined resources. It
causes problem where to constrain and objectives are not defined. In real significantly reduce
the amount of water used for irrigation. This saves you money.

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Wireless sensor network crop monitoring application is useful to farmer for precision
agriculture. The application monitors the whole farm from remote location using IOT
(Internet of Things). Application works on sensor network and two types of nodes. Energy
saving algorithm is used in node to save energy. Tree based protocol is used for data
collection from node to base station. System having two nodes sensor node which collect all
environmental and soil parameters value soil moisture, temperature, air, humidity, light, etc.
and second node consist of cam to capture images and monitor crops. Crop monitoring
application consists of two sensor node image sensor and environment parameter collector.
These two sensors collect the information about crops. Image sensors collect crop growth,
height and second sensor node collect data about humidity, soil condition, etc and this
information is collected at base station and then get transfer to internet (web application).
Data analysis is get done at server side. Communication is duplex GPRS/CDMA type. RF
transceiver is used for communication purpose between to nodes. This application was
deployed in Beijing, Henan and Shandong Province for experimentation purpose and
temperature, humidity and images of crop data are collected from this location. Application is
for agriculture Informa ionization. IOT make it possible.

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW
By detailing the research process, the methodology is intended to assist further grasp
the flow of the project approach used in the field and theories. It is also a method of
guaranteeing that the project work is accomplished in accordance with the demands of the
remodelling. Every procedure utilised to construct the Portable Parking System will be
detailed in greater depth in this chapter. It also specifies how the project was carried out
from beginning to end. Many approaches or discoveries from this discipline are primarily
published in journals for others to benefit from and enhance as future investigations. The
approach is utilised to meet the project's goal of producing a flawless result.

3.2 FLOWCHART
3.2.1 FLOWCHART OF PROJECT

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 Figure 3.2.1

3.2.2 FLOWCHART OF SYSTEM

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 Figure 3.2.2

3.3 DESIGN OF THE SMART FERTIGATION SYSTEM

ESP32 can perform as a complete standalone system or as a slave device to a host MCU,
reducing communication stack overhead on the main application processor. ESP32 can
interface with other systems to provide Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionality through its SPI /
SDIO or I2C / UART interfaces. ESP32 is highly integrated with in-built antenna switches,
RF balun, power amplifier, low noise receives amplifier, filters, and power management
modules. ESP32 adds priceless functionality and versatility to your applications with minimal
Printed Circuit Board (PCB) requirements.

For this system, we do some research for made a program and watching YouTube to make
Blynk and Arduino IDE for fertigation. Although, all programs took two weeks above to
produce from beginning to the end, the program we’ve do in accordance. Next, we have
already prepared the programming with the correct, we do compile at Arduino IDE and
upload to ESP32 for our system. In addition, we connect ESP32 with Blynk to make our
system more compatible with IR4.0

3.3.1 ARDUINO IDE

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 Figure 3.3.1

3.3.2 BLYNK

Figure 3.3.2

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 3.4 LIST OF MATERIAL
3.4.1 Baja AB (Fertigation)
AB fertigation fertilizer is a label used on fertigation fertilizer. This means that when

we water this fertigation fertilizer on simple plants, the fertilizer contained in the air

forms positive or negative ions. This makes the process of fertilizer absorption by the tree

very easy.

Figure 3.4.1
3.4.2 Aubergine Seed
The Brinjal fruits become ready for first picking in about 120-130 days of seed
sowing depending on the variety. The harvesting of the Brinjal fruits should be done as
soon as it attains a good size and colour. Brinjal fruits are harvested when they become
greenish-yellow or bronze and their flesh turns dry and tough.

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 Figure 3.4.2
3.4.3 POLY BAG
They primarily serve as packaging materials, protecting items from dust and moisture
during storage and transport.

Figure 3.4.3

3.4.4 SOIL

It helps plants grow by giving them a place for their roots and provides nutrients and
water.

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 Figure 3.4.4

3.5 LIST OF COMPONENTS

3.5.1 ESP32
Provide wireless communication capabilities to electronic devices.

Figure 3.5.1
3.5.2 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
This Moisture Senor can be used for detecting the moisture of soil or judge if there is
water around the sensor, let the plant in your garden able to reach out for human's help
when they are thirsty. This sensor is very easy to use, you can just simply insert in into the
soil and read the data.

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 Figure 3.5.2

3.5.3 WATER PUMP

A water pump is a mechanical device used to move water from one location to
another. Its primary function is to create the necessary pressure or suction to transfer water
through pipes, hoses, or other conduits. Water pumps are widely used in various applications,
including residential, commercial, agricultural, and industrial settings. In residential or
commercial buildings, water pumps are employed to draw water from a well, a storage tank,
or a municipal water supply and deliver it to various points of use, such as faucets, showers,
and appliances.

Figure 3.5.3

3.5.4 RELAY

The primary function of a relay is to isolate the control circuit from the load circuit, allowing
a low-power or low-voltage signal to control the operation of a higher-power or higher-
voltage circuit. When the control signal is applied to the relay's coil, it generates a magnetic
field that attracts or releases the relay's contacts, depending on the type of relay.

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 Figure 3.5.4
3.5.5 JUMPER WIRE
A jump wire (also known as jumper wire, or jumper) is an electrical wire used in this project
to make sure all components in the circuit are well connected and functioning.

Figure 3.5.5
3.5.6 LCD (16x2)
An LCD screen is an electronic display module that uses liquid crystal to produce a visible
image. The 16×2 LCD display is a very basic module commonly used in DIYs and circuits.
The 16×2 translates a display of 16 characters per line in 2 such lines.

Figure 3.5.6

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 3.6 LIST OF SOFTWARE
3.6.1 BLYNK
The Blynk software can be used to show in smartphones that the soil is dry or wet.

Figure 3.6.1
3.6.2 ARDUINO IDE
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) connects to the Arduino boards
to upload programmes and communicate with them. Sketches are programmes created
with the Arduino Software (IDE). These drawings are created in a text editor and stored
as a file extension. Ino.

Figure 3.6.2

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 3.7 CIRCUIT

Figure 3.7
3.8 PROGRAMMING
//Include the library files

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL66VhCbNYF"

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "Plant watering system"

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

#include <Wire.h>

#include <WiFiClient.h>

#include <BlynkSimpleEsp32.h>

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 #define sensor 33

#define relay 4

//Initialize the LCD display

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

BlynkTimer timer;

// Enter your Auth token

char auth[] = "3RJlL9wLbXYhqHQpq-kbGVMBrikIjL4o";

//Enter your WIFI SSID and password

char ssid[] = "Bapakaupunya";

char pass[] = "RazinsarifudiN";

void setup() {

// Debug console

Serial.begin(115200);

Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass, "blynk.cloud", 80);

lcd.init();

lcd.backlight();

pinMode(relay, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(relay, HIGH);

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 lcd.setCursor(1, 0);

lcd.print("System Loading");

for (int a = 0; a <= 15; a++) {

lcd.setCursor(a, 1);

lcd.print(".");

delay(200);

lcd.clear();

//Get the ultrasonic sensor values

void soilMoisture() {

int value = analogRead(sensor);

value = map(value, 0, 4095, 0, 100);

value = (value - 100) * -1;

Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, value);

Serial.println(value);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Moisture :");

lcd.print(value);

lcd.print(" ");

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 //Get the button value

BLYNK_WRITE(V1) {

bool Relay = param.asInt();

if (Relay == 1) {

digitalWrite(relay, LOW);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print("Motor is ON ");

} else {

digitalWrite(relay, HIGH);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print("Motor is OFF");

void loop() {

soilMoisture();

Blynk.run();//Run the Blynk library

delay(200);

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3.9 ESTIMATED COST

BARANG KEGUNAAN HARGA UNI HARGA

PER UNIT T
AB fertilizer (Fertigasi) AB fertilizer is a type of RM 20 1 RM 20
plant food that contains two
important nutrients:
nitrogen (N) and
phosphorus (P)
Aubergine seed Aubergines are a type of RM3 2 RM 6
vegetable that belongs to
the nightshade family and
are typically grown for their
edible fruit
Soil(3KG) It helps plants grow by RM 2 30 RM 60
giving them a place for their
roots and provides nutrients
and water
Poly bag (6x9) . They primarily serve as RM 3 1 RM 3
(30 pcs) packaging materials,
protecting items from dust
and moisture during storage
and transport.
Poly bag (20x20) . They primarily serve as RM 16 2 RM 32
(10 pcs) packaging materials,
protecting items from dust
and moisture during storage
and transport.
Hoe Its main job is to dig holes RM 2 RM
and trenches in the ground,
making it useful for tasks
like laying utility lines,
building foundations, and
planting trees
Pipe (25d) RM 13 2 RM26
Sun shading net provide shade and protect RM 40 1 RM40
against excessive sunlight,
benefiting plants, crops,
people, and animals. It helps
maintain comfortable
temperatures, reduces sun
damage, conserves

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 moisture, and offers various
other benefits in agriculture,
outdoor spaces,
construction, and more.
Cable tie to secure and organize RM 6.50 1 RM 6.50
cables, wires, and other
items
Tong biru (30L) RM 29.20 1 RM 29.20
Automatic water level regulate and control the RM 16.89 1 RM 16.89
control valve flow of water in a system
automatically
Water pump provide water pressure in RM 71.56 1 RM 71.56
plumbing systems, and
irrigate fields or gardens.
Essentially, water pumps are
essential tools for
transferring water where it
is needed, ensuring a
reliable supply of water for
various purposes.
Grove Soil mosture sensor measure the moisture level RM3.99 2 RM7.98
in the soil
Arduino Uno create and control RM RM
electronic projects
Silicone Tube RM7.00 RM
8x12(mm)

Mosfet amplify or switch electronic RM1.90 RM

signals. used in various
applications to control the
flow of electrical current.

Esp32 extension expand the capabilities of RM9 1 RM9

the ESP32 microcontroller.
These extension boards,
often referred to as
"shields" or "modules," can
provide additional features
or hardware components
such as sensors, displays,
communication interfaces
(e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth), and
more
Esp32 provide wireless RM31 1 RM31
communication capabilities
to electronic devices
Channel Relay Module 5V control the switching of RM6 1 RM6
high-power electrical
devices or circuits using a
low-power microcontroller
or electronic signal.

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