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KTG & Thermodynamic Final Practice With Cheat code

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eg. Molecules of an ideal gas are known to have three translational degrees of freedom and two rotational
degrees of freedom. The gas is maintained at a temperature of T. The total internal energy, U of a mole
 C 
 P 
of this gas, and the value of  CV  given, respectively, by: [JEE MAIN 2020]
5 6 7
(1) U = 2 RT and γ = 5 (2) U = 5RT and γ = 5
6 5 7
(3) U = 5RT and γ = 5 (4) U = 2 RT and γ = 5

Ans. (4)
Sol. Total degree of freedom = 3 + 2 = 5
nfRT 5RT
U= 2 ⇒ 2
CP 2 2 7
γ ⇒ CV ⇒1+ f ⇒1+ 5 ⇒ 5
eg. The temperature of an ideal gas in 3-dimensions is300 K. The corresponding de-Broglie wavelength of
the electron approximately at 300 K, is : [JEE MAIN 2021]
–31
[me = mass of electron = 9 × 10 kg
h = Planck constant = 6.6 × 10–34 Js
kB = Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1]
(1) 6.26 nm (2) 8.46 nm (3) 2.26 nm (4) 3.25 nm
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Ans. (1)
Sol. De-Broglie wavelength
h h
= 
mv 2mE
Where E is kinetic Energy
3kT
E= for gas
2
h 6.6 1034
 
3mkT 3  9 1031 1.38 1023  300
 = 6.26 × 10–9m = 6.26 nm
Option (1)
eg. The volume V of an enclosure contains a mixture of three gases, 16 g of oxygen, 28 g of nitrogen and 44
g of carbon dioxide at absolute temperature T. Consider R as universal gas constant. The pressure of the
mixture of gases is: [JEE MAIN 202]
88RT 3RT 5RT 4RT
(1) (2) (3) (4)
V V V V

Sol. PV = (n1 + n2 + n3)RT

 16 28 44 
PV      RT
 32 28 44 
1 
PV    1  1 RT
2 
5 RT
P
2 V
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eg. If 1022 gas molecules each of mass 10–26 kg collide with a surface (perpendicular to it) elastically per
second over an area 1 m2 with a speed 104 m/s, the pressure exerted by the gas molecules will be of the
order of [JEE MAIN 2019]
4 2 16 2 8 2 3 2
(1) 10 N/m (2) 10 N/m (3) 10 N/m (4) 10 N/m

Ans. (NTA Answer Key) - (4)

Correct Answer is 2 N/m2
As none of the option matches question should be BONUS
Sol.

Magnitude of change in momentum per collision = 2mv

Force N(2mv) 1022  2  10 26  104
Pr essure     2 N / m2
Area 1 1
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eg. A mixture of 2 moles of helium gas (atomic mass = 4 u), and 1 mole of argon gas (atomic mass = 40 u)
 V (helium) 
is kept at 300 K in a container. The ratio of their rms speeds  rms  ,is close to :
 Vrms (arg on) 
[JEE Main 2019]
(1) 2.24 (2) 0.45 (3) 0.32 (4) 3.16

Ans. (4)
Vrms (He) M Ar 40
Sol.    3.16
Vrms (Ar) M He 4
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eg. The plot that depicts the behavior of the mean free time  (time between two successive collisions) for
the molecule of an ideal gas, as a function of temperature (T), qualitatively, is: (Graphs are schematic
and not drawn to scale) [JEE MAIN 2020]

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Ans. (4)
Mean free path
Sol. Mean free time =
Average speed
1
= 2D 2 n
8RT
M w
1

T
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eg. Sound travels in a mixture of two moles of helium and n moles of hydrogen. If rms speed of gas
molecules in the mixture is 2 times the speed of sound, then the value of n will be [JEE MAIN 2022]
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

Ans. (2)
RT
Sol. vs =
M
3RT
vrms =
M
vs  1  1 3
    =
v rms 3 2 3 2 2
2
=1+
f mix.
23  n 5 6  n 5
fmix. = 
n2  n  2
2  n  2  6  5n  2n  4
=1+ 
6  n 5 6  5n
7n  10 3
= 
6  5n 2
14n + 20 = 18 + 15 n
n=2
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eg. 0.056 kg of Nitrogen is enclosed in a vessel at a temperature of 127°C. The amount of heat required to
double the speed of its molecules is _____ k cal.
(Take R = 2 cal mole–1K–1) [JEE MAIN 2022]

Ans. (12)
Sol. 0.056 kg N2 = 56 gm of N2 = 2 mole of N2
T1 = 400 K, v T so T2 = 4T1 = 1600 K
f
Q  nRT
2
Q = 12 k cal
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eg. A cylinder of fixed capacity of 44.8 liters contains helium gas at standard temperature and pressure. The
amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of gas in the cylinder by 20.0o C will be :
[JEE MAIN 2022]
-1 -1
(Given gas constant R = 8.3 JK - moI )
(1) 249 J (2) 415 J (3) 498 J (4) 830 J

Ans. (3)
44.8
Sol. No of moles  2
22.4
Gas in mono atomic so Cv = a
Q  nCv T
3
 2  R(20)
2
= 60 R
 60  8.3
 498J
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eg. Half mole of an ideal monatomic gas is heated at constant pressure of 1atm from 20ºC to 90ºC. Work
done by gas is close to : ( Gas constant R = 8.31 J /mol.K) [JEE Main 2019]
(1) 146J (2) 291 J (3) 581 J (4) 73 J

Ans. (2)
Sol. w = nRT
1
w=  8.31 70 = 291 J
2
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eg. A diatomic gas with rigid molecules does 10 J of work when expanded at constant pressure. What would
be the heat energy absorbed by the gas, in this process ? [JEE MAIN 2019]
(1) 25 J (2) 30 J (3) 35 J (4) 40 J

Ans. (3)
Sol. Q = W + U
Q = 10 + nCVT …..(1)
5R
For diatomic f = 5, CV =
2
Also, At constant P
PV = nRT …(2)
5
 Q = 10 + (PV)
2
5
  W = 35 J
2
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eg. The change in the magnitude of the volume of an ideal gas when a small additional pressure P is
applied at a constant temperature, is the same as the change when the temperature is reduced by a small
quantity T at constant pressure. The initial temperature and pressure of the gas were 300 K and 2 atm.
respectively. If |T| = C|P| then value of C in (K/atm) is ________. [JEE MAIN 2020]

Ans. (150)
Sol. PV = nRT
PV + VP = 0 (for constant temp.)
PV = nRT (for constant pressure)
P V
T =
nR
P V
P = – (V is same in both cases)
V
T PV V V T
  
P nR PV nR P
(PV = nRT)
 V T T 300
     = 150
 nR P P 2
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eg. A sample of gas with  = 1.5 is taken through an adiabatic process in which the volume is
compressed from 1200 cm3 to 300 cm3. If the initial pressure is 200 kPa. The absolute value of the
work done by the gas in the process = __________J. [JEE MAIN 2021]

Sol.   1.5

p1v1  p 2 v 2 
(200) (1200)1.5 = P2 (300)1.5
P2 = 200 [4]3/2 = 1600 kPa
p v  p v  480  240 
W.D.  2 2 1 1     480 J
 1  0.5 
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eg. For a perfect gas, two pressure P1 and P2 are shown in figure. The graph shows : [JEE MAIN 2022]

(1) P1 > P2 (2) P1 < P2

(3) P1 = P2 (4) Insufficient data to draw any conclusion

Ans. (1)
Sol. PV = nRT
nR nR

P1 P2
P2 < P1
eg. Starting with the same initial conditions, an ideal gas expands from volume V1 to V2 in three different
ways. The work done by the gas is W1 if the process is purely isothermal W2. If the process is purely
adiabatic and W3 if the process is purely isobaric. Then, choose the coned option [JEE MAIN 2022]
(1) W1 > W2 < W3 (2) W2 < W3 < W1 (3) W3 < W1 <W2 (4) W2 < W1 <W3

Ans. (4)

Sol.

Area under curve is work

W2 < W1 < W3
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eg. Three Carnot engines operate in series between a heat source at a temperature T1 and a heat sink at
temperature T4 (see figure). There are two other reservoirs at temperature T2, and T3, as shown, with T2
> T2 > T3 > T4. The three engines are equally efficient if: [JEE Main 2019]

(1) T2   T1T42  ;T3   T12T4  (2) T2   T1T4  ;T3   T12T4 

1/3 1/3 1/2 1/3

(3) T2   T12 T4  ;T3   T1T42  (4) T2   T13T4  ;T3   T1T43 

1/3 1/3 1/4 1/4

Ans. (3)
Sol. Efficiency of all the three engines should be equal
T T T
 = 1 2  1 2  1 4
T1 T2 T3
T2 T3 T4
  
T1 T4 T3
  T2  T1T3  T1 T2 T4
T3  T2T4
T23/4  T11/2T41/4
T2  T12/3T41/3

eg. Thermodynamic process is shown below on a P-V diagram for one mole of an ideal gas. If
V2 = 2V1 then the ratio of temperature T2/T1 is : [JEE MAIN 2021]
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1 1
(1) (2) 2 (3) 2 (4)
2 2

Sol.

PV½ = c
nRT 1/ 2
V c
V
T = c1 V1/2
1/2 1/2
T2  V2   2V 
   1
T1  V1   V1 
T2
 2
T1

eg. If minimum possible work is done by a refrigerator in converting 100 grams of water at 0°C to ice, how
much heat (in calories) is released to the surroundings at temperature 27°C (Latent heat of
ice = 80 Cal/gram) to the nearest integer ? [JEE MAIN 2020]
Ans. (8791.00)
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Sol.

w + Q1 = Q2
w = Q2 – Q1
Q1 273 Q
C.O.P. =   1
Q 2  Q1 300  273 W
27
w= × 80 × 100 × 4.2
273
Q2 = w + 1
27
Q2 = × 80 × 100 × 4.2 + 80 × 100 × 4.2
273
300
Q2 = × 80 × 100 = 8791.2 cal
273