The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands which work together to protect the body, regulate temperature, produce vitamin D, and excrete waste. The skin is composed of three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis contains keratinocytes that produce keratin and melanocytes that produce pigment. The dermis contains connective tissue, hair follicles, and glands. Accessory structures include hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails. The integumentary system plays an important role in diagnostics by allowing external examination of the skin.
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands which work together to protect the body, regulate temperature, produce vitamin D, and excrete waste. The skin is composed of three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis contains keratinocytes that produce keratin and melanocytes that produce pigment. The dermis contains connective tissue, hair follicles, and glands. Accessory structures include hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails. The integumentary system plays an important role in diagnostics by allowing external examination of the skin.
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands which work together to protect the body, regulate temperature, produce vitamin D, and excrete waste. The skin is composed of three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis contains keratinocytes that produce keratin and melanocytes that produce pigment. The dermis contains connective tissue, hair follicles, and glands. Accessory structures include hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails. The integumentary system plays an important role in diagnostics by allowing external examination of the skin.
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands which work together to protect the body, regulate temperature, produce vitamin D, and excrete waste. The skin is composed of three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis contains keratinocytes that produce keratin and melanocytes that produce pigment. The dermis contains connective tissue, hair follicles, and glands. Accessory structures include hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails. The integumentary system plays an important role in diagnostics by allowing external examination of the skin.
SYSTEM Structure of Skin The integumentary system is the largest body organ and is composed of the skin, hair, nails, and glands. These organs and structures are your first line of defense against bacteria and help protect you from injury and sunlight. Your integumentary system works with other systems in your body to keep it in balance. 5 Major Functions of Integumentary System Protection Sensation Vitamin D Production Temperature Regulation Excreation The skin is further divided into three layers
1. Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Subcutaneous Tissue Epidermis The epidermis, the thin avascular superficial layer of the skin, is made up of an outer dead cornified portion that serves as a protective barrier and a deeper, living portion that folds into the dermis. Layer of Epidermis Stratum basale - single row of cells attached to dermis; youngest cells Stratum spinosum - Made up of bundles of protein resist tension Stratum granulosum - layers of flattened keratinocytes producing keratin. Stratum lucidum - layer that is present only on palms and soles Stratum corneum - horny cornified superficial layer Cell of Epidermis The two major types of epidermal cells are melanocytes (5%) and keratinocytes (90%).
Melanocytes - are contained in the deep, basal
layer (stratum germinativum) of the epidermis. They contain melanin, a pigment that gives color to the skin and hair and protects the body from damaging ultraviolet (UV) sunlight. Cell of Epidermis Keratinocytes - are synthesized from epidermal cells in the basal layer. As they mature (keratinize), they move to the surface, where they flatten and die to form the outer skin layer (stratum corneum). Keratinocytes produce a fibrous protein, keratin, which is vital to the skin's protective barrier function. Dermis The dermis is the connective tissue below the epidermis. The dermis is divided into two layers, an upper thin papillary layer and a deeper, thicker reticular layer. – The papillary layer is folded into ridges which extend into the upper epidermal layer. These exposed surface ridges form congenital patterns called fingerprints and footprints. HYPODERMIS
• The subcutaneous tissue lies below the dermis and is
not part of the skin. • The subcutaneous tissue is often discussed with the skin because it attaches the skin to underlying tissues such as muscle and bone. • The subcutaneous tissue contains loose connective tissue and fat cells that provide insulation. ACCESSORY SKIN STRUCTURE HAIR GLANDS NAIL Hair Growth
1 2 3 ANAGEN CATAGEN TELOGEN GLANDS
Sebaceous glands Sweat glands
SEBACEOUS GLANDS small, oil-producing glands found in the skin of humans, including mammals.
Function: produce an oily, waxy substance called sebum. Sweat pores are the small openings on the surface of the skin through which sweat is released from sweat glands onto the skin's surface. Eccrine glands, also known as merocrine sweat glands, are a type of sweat gland found in various regions of the skin, SWEAT GLANDS with the highest density on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and the forehead. Apocrine glands are a type of exocrine gland found in certain areas of the body, such as the armpits (axillary region), groin, and areola of the breasts. NAIL protective plate made of keratin. Nails serve various functions, including protection and manipulation. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM AS A DIAGNOSTIC AID The integumentary system is useful in diagnostic because it is observed easily. Cyanosis Jaundice rashes and lesions Nails BURN A burn is a type of injury to the skin or other tissues that is caused by heat, radiation, electricity, or chemicals. DEGREE IN BURN Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis TILAPIA SKIN WOUND DRESSING BURNS
Symptoms Treatment
Tissue damage of skin and Intravenous fluids
possibly deeper tissue High - protein, high - Edema calorie diet Shock Antimicrobials Microbial Infection Debridement Skin Grafts MUSCULAR
Hypermetabolic state may lead to loss in muscle mass. NERVOUS Pain in partial-thickness burns; body temperature increases as control center in brain is reset; abnormal ion levels disrupt normal nervous system activity LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE Inflammation, depression of immune system may lead to infection CARDIOVASCULAR Decreased blood volume, edema, and shock may occur due to increased capillary permeability ENDOCRINE Release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands in response to injury contributes to hypermetabolic state and increased body temperature RESPIRATORY Edema may obstruct airways; increased respiratory rate in response to hypermetabolic state URINARY Urine production decrease in response to low blood volume; tissue damage to kidneys due to low blood flow DIGESTIVE Tissue damage to intestinal lining and liver as a result of decreased blood flow SKELETAL Increased red blood cell production in red bone marrow REMEMBER!!! Red Blood Cell White Blood Cell Platelets SKIN CANCER UVA RAYS - Longer wavelength than UVB rays and can penetrate deeper into the skin.
UVB RAYS - Shorter wavelength and
cannot penetrate as deeply into the skin EFFECTS OF AGING ON THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Freckles Age Spot
SKIN DISEASES AND DISORDER RINGWORM Fungal infection that produces patchy scaling and inflammatory response in the skin RINGWORM ECZEMA AND DERMATITIS Inflammatory condition of the skin cause by allergy, infection, poor circulation, or exposure to chemical or environmental factors. ECZEMA AND DERMATITIS PSORIASIS Chronic skin disease characterized by thicker than normal epidermal layer (stratum corneum) PSORIASIS BACTERIAL INFECTION IMPETIGO Small blisters containing pus; easily ruptured to form a thick, yellowish crust; usually affects children IMPETIGO DECUBITUS ULCERS Develop in people who are bedridden or confined to a wheelchair DECUBITUS ULCERS VIRAL INFECTION RUBEOLA (MEASLES) Skin lesions; caused by a virus contracted through the respiratory tract RUBEOLA (MEASLES) RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) Skin lesions; usually mild viral disease contracted through the respiratory tract; may be dangerous during pregnancy RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) CHICKEN POX Skin lesions; usually mild viral disease contracted through the respiratory tract CHICKEN POX SHINGLES Painful skin lesions that can recur when the dormant virus is activated by trauma, stress, or another illness SHINGLES COLD SORES Caused by herpes simplex I virus; transmitted by oral or respiratory routes; lesions recur COLD SORES GENITAL HERPES Caused by herpes simplex II virus; transmitted by sexual contract GENITAL HERPES REMEMBER!!! Life is skincredible! Embrace your epidermis and let your beauty surface!!! Thank You!!!
