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What is Specification Pattern in Asp.NET Core
Technical Report · June 2023
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What is Specification Pattern in
Asp.NET Core
The Specification Pattern is not specific to ASP.NET Core but is a general software design pattern
commonly used in object-oriented programming. It is often used in conjunction with the Repository
pattern to provide a flexible way to define complex querying logic.
In the context of ASP.NET Core, the Specification Pattern can be used to encapsulate query criteria
or conditions for retrieving data from a data source, such as a database. It allows you to define
reusable specifications that can be combined and composed to create complex queries dynamically.
Here's a basic overview of how you can implement the Specification Pattern in ASP.NET Core:
1. Define a specification interface: Start by defining an interface that represents the specification,
typically named something like `ISpecification<T>`. This interface should include a method for
evaluating whether an entity of type `T` satisfies the specification.
public interface ISpecification<T>
bool IsSatisfiedBy(T entity);
2. Implement concrete specifications: Implement concrete classes that implement the
`ISpecification<T>` interface. Each specification class represents a specific set of criteria or
conditions.
public class PriceGreaterThanSpecification : ISpecification<Product>
private readonly decimal _price;
public PriceGreaterThanSpecification(decimal price)
_price = price;
public bool IsSatisfiedBy(Product product)
return product.Price > _price;
}
}
public class NameContainsSpecification : ISpecification<Product>
private readonly string _keyword;
public NameContainsSpecification(string keyword)
_keyword = keyword;
public bool IsSatisfiedBy(Product product)
return product.Name.Contains(_keyword, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
3. Use specifications in repositories: In your repository classes, you can use specifications to
dynamically build queries based on specific criteria.
public interface IProductRepository
IEnumerable<Product> GetProducts(ISpecification<Product> specification);
public class ProductRepository : IProductRepository
private readonly DbContext _dbContext;
public ProductRepository(DbContext dbContext)
_dbContext = dbContext;
}
public IEnumerable<Product> GetProducts(ISpecification<Product> specification)
return _dbContext.Products.Where(specification.IsSatisfiedBy);
4. Combine specifications: You can combine multiple specifications using logical operators (AND,
OR, NOT) to create complex queries.
var expensiveProductsSpecification = new PriceGreaterThanSpecification(100);
var electronicProductsSpecification = new NameContainsSpecification("electronics");
var combinedSpecification = expensiveProductsSpecification.And(electronicProductsSpecification);
var products = productRepository.GetProducts(combinedSpecification);
By using the Specification Pattern, you can achieve more flexible and reusable querying logic in your
ASP.NET Core applications.
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