This document provides information about plant and animal cells. It describes the main parts of plant cells including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, and chloroplast. The main parts of animal cells are also identified as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. Specialized cell types are then discussed for both plants and animals, including root hair cells, palisade cells, red blood cells and nerve cells. The document concludes by defining the hierarchical levels of cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms.
This document provides information about plant and animal cells. It describes the main parts of plant cells including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, and chloroplast. The main parts of animal cells are also identified as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. Specialized cell types are then discussed for both plants and animals, including root hair cells, palisade cells, red blood cells and nerve cells. The document concludes by defining the hierarchical levels of cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms.
This document provides information about plant and animal cells. It describes the main parts of plant cells including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, and chloroplast. The main parts of animal cells are also identified as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. Specialized cell types are then discussed for both plants and animals, including root hair cells, palisade cells, red blood cells and nerve cells. The document concludes by defining the hierarchical levels of cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms.
This document provides information about plant and animal cells. It describes the main parts of plant cells including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, and chloroplast. The main parts of animal cells are also identified as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria. Specialized cell types are then discussed for both plants and animals, including root hair cells, palisade cells, red blood cells and nerve cells. The document concludes by defining the hierarchical levels of cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms.
Grade: VII Section: ______ Unit 1: Cells 1.1 Plant cell Parts of plant cell: • Cell wall • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Vacuole • Mitochondria • Chloroplast 1.2 Animal cell Parts of animal cells: • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Mitochondria Comparing plant and animal cells Parts of the cell Animal cell Plant cell Nucleus Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cell wall Chloroplast Mitochondria Description of parts of cells: Cell wall: Strong and stiff Holds shape of the cell Made of cellulose Cell membrane: Thin and flexible Controls what enters and leaves the cell Made of proteins and lipids Cytoplasm: Jelly like substance Chemical reactions take place in it Nucleus: Controls all the activities of the cell Vacuole: Filled with fluid cell sap (sugary solution) Mitochondria: Provides energy for the survival of cell Chloroplast: Plants make their food in it They contain chlorophyll which gives it a green colour Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight 1.3 Specialised cells The structure of each cell is adapted to perform the specific functions of the cell. Animal specialised cells Red blood cells Function: Carry oxygen around the body Structure: Biconcave disc shaped (thicker from the edges and thinner from centre) Very small in size so they can pass through capillaries Cytoplasm carries haemoglobin which carries oxygen Do not have a nucleus to provide more space to carry more oxygen Nerve cells Function: Transfer messages from one part of body to another Structure: Dendrites (little strands of cytoplasm) collects signals from other nerve cells Axon (long extensions of cytoplasm) carries signal to other nerve cells
Ciliated cells Function: Sweeps away the mucus from the tubes connecting mouth and lungs Structure: Have cilia that move like hair which moves the mucus into the throat Plant specialised cells Root hair cells Function: Absorb water from the soil Structure: Have long thin extension that allows water to move from soil into the cell
Palisade cells Function: To carry out the process of photosynthesis to help make plant food Structure: Found at top of the leaf Tall and has large surface area to catch as much sunlight as possible Packed with chloroplasts to absorb sunlight 1.4 Cells, tissues, and organs Cell: it is the smallest unit of living organism. Examples: red blood cell, nerve cell, ciliated cell Tissues: A tissue is a group of similar cells which work together to perform a specific function Examples: Nervous tissues, Connective tissues, Muscle tissues Organs: An organ is a structure made up of different tissues working together to perform a specific function. Examples: Heart, Stomach, Lungs, Liver Organsystem: Different organs working together to perform a certain function Examples: Respiratory system, Circulatory system, Digestive system. Organism: An individual animal, plant or single celled life form. Example: dog, human, rose plant
