HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part II Microscopic world I
Chemistry: Chapter 8 Chemical bonding: covalent bonding
Combined Science (Chemistry Part): Chapter 8 Chemical bonding: covalent bonding
Structured questions
Sections 8.18.2
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A part of the Periodic Table is shown below.
Group
Period I II III IV V VI VII 0
2 A B
3 C D E F
4 G
(a) Which element can be found as monoatomic molecule in nature? Explain your
answer. (3 marks)
(b) Which element(s) is/are semi-metal(s)? (1 mark)
(c) Explain why elements C, D, E and F are put in the same period. (1 mark)
(d) Which element, A or C, is more reactive? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
(e) Elements E and F form a compound. Draw the electron diagram of the
compound, showing electrons in the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
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Part II Microscopic world I
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(a) B 1
A B atom has an octet structure. 1
It will not form bonds with other atoms, neither by transferring nor by
sharing of outermost shell electrons. 1
(b) D 1
(c) The have the same number of occupied electron shells. 1
(d) C is more reactive. 1
The reactivity of Group I element increases down the group. 1
(e)
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Injecting nitrogen gas into a pack of potato chips can preserve potato chips because
nitrogen is unreactive.
(a) Draw the electron diagram of nitrogen, showing electrons in the outermost shells
only. (1 mark)
(b) Explain why nitrogen is very unreactive. (2 marks)
(c) Helium is also unreactive. Explain why helium is NOT used for preserving
potato chips. (1 mark)
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part II Microscopic world I
(d) Another way to preserve potato chips is to draw out all the air in the pack of
potato chips. Suggest ONE possible drawback of this method. (1 mark)
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(a)
(b) There is a triple bond between nitrogen atoms in the molecule. 1
Each nitrogen atom has a stable octet. 1
(c) Helium is less dense than air and may cause the pack to float. 1
(d) The potato chips will be cracked easily. 1
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Sections 8.38.4
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Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form compound X.
(a) Name X. (1 mark)
(b) Write the molecular formula of X. (1 mark)
(c) Draw the electron diagram of X, showing electrons in the outermost shells only.
(1 mark)
(d) How many lone pair of electrons is there in X? (1 mark)
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part II Microscopic world I
(e) X forms a dative covalent bond with hydrogen ion.
(i) What is a dative covalent bond? (1 mark)
(ii) With the aid of an electron diagram, describe the formation of dative
covalent bond between X and hydrogen ion. (2 marks)
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(a) Water 1
(b) H2O 1
(c)
(d) Two 1
(e) (i) A dative covalent bond is a covalent bond formed between two
atoms where both electrons of the shared pair are contributed by the
same atom. 1
(ii) A dative covalent bond forms between a hydrogen ion and a lone
pair of electrons on the oxygen atom in water. 1
1
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part II Microscopic world I
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The thermal decomposition of limestone gives two products. One is an ionic
compound while another one is a covalent compound.
(a) Write a chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of limestone. (1 mark)
(b) Draw the electron diagrams for the products of the thermal decomposition of
limestone, showing electrons in the outermost shells only. (2 marks)
(c) What would be observed when the ionic compound produced undergoes flame
test? (1 mark)
(d) The covalent compound produced can cause the chemical weathering of
limestone. Briefly describe how it erodes limestone. (2 marks)
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(a) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g) 1
(b)
(c) A brick-red flame is observed. 1
(d) Carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater to form carbonic acid. 1
Carbonic acid reacts with calcium carbonate in limestone to give calcium
hydrogencarbonate, which is soluble in water. Thus, limestone is slowly
worn away. 1
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part II Microscopic world I
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Carbon is a Group IV element. Carbon atom can form single, double or triple covalent
bonds with other atoms.
(a) Write the electronic arrangement of carbon. (1 mark)
(b) Explain why carbon can form single, double and triple covalent bonds. (1 mark)
(c) Carbon monoxide is a molecule in which triple bond exists between carbon and
oxygen atoms. Draw the electron diagram of carbon monoxide, showing
electrons in the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
(d) Besides carbon monoxide, carbon forms carbon dioxide with oxygen.
(i) What type of bond is present in carbon dioxide? (1 mark)
(ii) Suggest a test for carbon dioxide. (2 marks)
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(a) 2, 4 1
(b) Carbon atom has four outermost electrons and can share one to three
electrons in forming bonds. 1
(c)
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part II Microscopic world I
(d) (i) Double covalent bond 1
(ii) Test the gas with limewater. 1
Carbon dioxide turns limewater milky. 1
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G is the only liquid non-metal in the Periodic Table.
(a) Name non-metal G. (1 mark)
(b) What is the special name of the group which G belongs to? (1 mark)
(c) G reacts with the element just above it in the Periodic Table to give compound A.
(i) Write the chemical formula of compound A. (1 mark)
(ii) Draw the electron diagram of compound A, showing electrons in the
outermost shells only. (1 mark)
(d) G reacts with a Group II element of the same period to form compound B. Draw
the electron diagram of compound B, showing electrons in the outermost shells
only. (1 mark)
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part II Microscopic world I
(e) Which compound, A or B, is an electrolyte? Explain briefly. (1 mark)
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(a) Bromine 1
(b) Halogens 1
(c) (i) BrCl 1
(ii)
1
(d)
1
(e) B is an electrolyte as the ions in B become mobile when molten or in
aqueous solution. 1
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Section 8.5
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Element X is a Group VII element in the Period 4 of the Periodic Table.
(a) What is element X? (1 mark)
(b) Explain why the atom of element X is not stable. (1 mark)
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View (Second Edition)
Part II Microscopic world I
(c) Atoms of X can form diatomic molecules. Describe how atoms of X form
molecules. (2 marks)
(d) X can form a compound with oxygen.
(i) Draw the electron diagram of the compound, showing electrons in the
outermost shells only. (1 mark)
(ii) What is the relative molecular mass of the compound? (1 mark)
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(a) Bromine 1
(b) A bromine atom does not have an octet structure. 1
(c) Each bromine atom (atom of X) shares its outermost shell electron with
another bromine atom. 1
A single covalent bond forms between the two atoms. 1
(d) (i)
1
(ii) Relative molecular mass = 16.0 + (79.9 × 2) = 175.8 1
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