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FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN
ELEKTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIK
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
SIGNAL & SYSTEMS
BEET 2423 SEMESTER 1 SESSION 2022/2023
LAB 3: FOURIER TRANSFORM
1.
NAME OF GROUP MEMBER(S) & 2. MATRIX NUMBER(S)
3.
COURSE 2 BEEZ
DATE
TS ZAHARIAH BINTI MANAP
NAME OF INSTRUCTOR(S)
EXAMINER’S COMMENT(S) VERIFICATION STAMP
TOTAL MARKS 1.0 OBJECTIVES
1. To simulate Fourier Transform for rectangular pulse signals by using fft function. 2. To investigate the frequency spectrum of rectangular pulse signals.
2.0 EQUIPMENT
1. MATLAB® software.
3.0 SYNOPSIS & THEORY
There are many important non-periodic functions, such as a unit step or an
exponential function, that we cannot represent by a Fourier series. Thus, Fourier transform (FT) is used to represent a non-periodic function into its frequency spectrum by assuming that a non-periodic function is a periodic function with an infinite period.
Consider a periodic function of a pulse train as in Figure 1 (top, left). A frequency
spectrum of the pulse train is considered as discrete function. When the value of the period is increased, the numbers of frequency components will be increased in proportion to the period. Thus, by increasing the period, T towards infinity, frequency spectrum of the function will subsequently become a continuous function.
Figure 1: Effect of increasing period, T on the spectrum of the periodic pulse train.
2 The functions f(t) and F(ω) are related as follows: f (t) FT F (ω) (Eq.1) ⇔
General form of Fourier Transform is:
∞ F (ω)= ∫ f ( t ) e − jωt dt (Eq.2) −∞
Since both functions are convertible, the inverse Fourier transform of F(ω) will produce f(t) through the following expression: ∞ 1 f ( t )= ∫ 2 π −∞ jωt F ( ω ) e dω (Eq.3)
In this laboratory session, the Fourier Transform for a rectangular pulse will be investigated. A rectangular function is also known as a gate function and often denoted as rect ( t /τ ) , where is the pulse width. The gate function with an amplitude of 1 is defined by the following expression:
rect ( tτ )= {1¿ |t|< τ /2|t|> τ /2 ¿
¿ (Eq.4)
The continuous frequency spectrum shown in Figure 2 (right) is a graphical
representation of the Fourier Transform of a single rectangular pulse of Amplitude V and duration T (which can also be considered to be a periodic pulse of infinite period). T in this case equals to in Eq.4. In general, F(ω) is a complex function, where its magnitude is called the amplitude spectrum, while its phase is called the phase spectrum.
Figure 2: A rectangular pulse and its Fourier transform.
3 4.0 PRE-REQUIST KNOWLEDGE 1. What is the function that can be used in Matlab to calculate the FT?
2. Translate the following line: for i = a : b : c
3. Translate the following line: Ak = zeros (x,y)
5.0 PRE-LAB
1. Calculate the FT for a gate function if the pulse width of the function is:
(i) 10 seconds
(ii) 5 seconds
2. Skecth the amplitude spectrum for the FT in 1.
6.0 PROCEDURE
1. Write the following program in an m-file.
4 2. Run the program by inserting 10 seconds and 5 seconds as the first pulse and second pulse. 3. Record your results. 4. What is your observation if the pulse width is changed to a value greater and less the values in Step 2? Record your results.
7.0 EXPERIMENT DATA
(Attached all the programming at the different sheet.)
8.0 EXPERIMENT RESULTS
(Attached all the figures at the different sheet.)
9.0 OBSERVATION / CONCLUSION
State your observation based on the results. Then, conclude your results with related to the theory.
