microbiology Cheat Sheet
by BOMMISETTI PRAVALLIKA (pravallika) via cheatography.com/155589/cs/34096/
VIRUSES
Viruses are non- cellular , npn- living infectious agents that are composed of nucleoproteins which can multiply inside animals and plants or
bacterial cells.It consists of both living and non- living properties
LIVING_PROPERTIES OF VIRSUES NON_ LIVING PROPERTIES OF VIRUSES
]1)They are obligate intracellular parasities, 1)They can be crystallized and stored in bottles
i.e<,cannot exists outside .
2)They can multiply inside the living organisms 2)They cannot multiply outside the host
3)They contain a genetic material namely DNA or RNA 3)They dont have the cells
SIZE:- Virsues range in size from 300 nanometers as in TMV to 20nm as in parvoviruses.
viruses approximate the sizes of the smallest bacterial cells as mycoplasmas.
largest viruses is vaccinia virus and pox virus,
smallest viruses is foot and mouth disease virus,polio virus
SHAPE
Spherical polio virus
rod shaped TMV virus,influenza virus
rectangular vaccinia virus
polyhedral adeno virus, herpes virus,polio virus
tadpole shaped bacteriophages
Helical Rabies virus , TMV
classification of viruses
phytophages viruses that infect plants
zoophages viruses that infect animals
bacteriophages viruses that infect bacteria
cyanophages viruses that infect blue green algae
zymophages viruses that infect yeast cells
mycophages viruses that infect fungi
NUCELIC ACID
Generally plant virus consists of RNA but in cauliflower mosaic virus and dahila mosaic virusthe genetic material is double standard DNA
Generally animal virus consists of DNA but in polio virus,flue virus it is single standard RNA
A single standard DNA is present in bacteriophage M14 and coliphage S13
A double standard RNA is present in Wound tumor virus ,Rice dwarf virus, Maize dwarf virus, Reo virus
CAPSID
1) Chemically viruses contain a protein coat called capsid.The capsid consists of many protein subunits called capsomere. The number of
capsomere varies from one virus to another virus
eg:- TMV capsid contains 2130 capsomeres.
Adeno virus contains 252 capsomeres.
2) Some animal viruses like influenza virus and AIDS contain aalipid-protein complex external to capsid. this is called peplos or envelope.
The capsomeres in capsid may be arranged in helically (eg:-TMV ) polyhedral (eg:- adeno virus) and binal symmertry (eg:- TMV)
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VIRUSES
TMV VIRUS BACTERIOPHAGE POX VIRUS AIDS VIRUS
TMV is most extensively studied They are pathogenic virus infecting bacteria POX virus is aa Acquired immune deficiency
plant virus. casual agent of syndrome(AIDS)is an infectious
small pox. diseases is caused by a virus
known as human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)
0
It is elongated rod-like,3000A long Twort discovered the bacteriophages. The pox virus are This virus also called as Human T
0
,180A in diameter, molecular structure of T4 bacteriophage contains head among the largest lymphotropic virus 3 or AIDS related
weight being 39.4*10 6, 95%protein and tail regions. of animal virus retrovirus (ARV)
and 5% RNA by weight interwined ,have complex
to form helical ,grooved,cylinderical structure and
rods. rectangular
shaped
The walls of the cylinder are 70A0 Head is folded double standard DNA is This is rectangular AIDS virus consists of single
thick.2130 capsomers are arranged packed in head.Head is hexagonal with shaped (300*2‐ standard RNA surrounded by
helically to form aa capsid . around 2000 capsomeres. 30mU) in size ,6% protein coat( core shell) the entire
double standard structure is wrapped around in an
DNA ,89% protein envelope.
,5% lipids.
49 capsomers are present in 3 Tail is helically symmetrical with a core tube Genome is dumb After entering the blood, AIDS virus
turns and 130 turns in complete surrounded by a protein tail sheath consists bell shaped;ce‐ infects the helper T-LYMPHOCYTE‐
virus capsid. Each capsomere has of 144 capsomeres arranged in 24 rings of 6 ntral core has S(not the suppressor T-cells) and
a molecular weight of 17,400 and is subunits. The sheath is connected to collar dsDNA. destroy them. Helper T cell plays an
formed by condensation of 158 at its upper end and base plate at lower end. essential role in antibody produc‐
aminoacids tion.
By BOMMISETTI Published 13th September, 2022. Sponsored by ApolloPad.com
PRAVALLIKA (pravallika) Last updated 13th September, 2022. Everyone has a novel in them. Finish
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microbiology Cheat Sheet
by BOMMISETTI PRAVALLIKA (pravallika) via cheatography.com/155589/cs/34096/
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VIRUSES (cont)
RNA strand is embeddedin basal plate is hexagonal with single pin or The core contains two Thus, AIDS virus destroy an
furrow and therefore,it is helica‐ spike at each corner. A thin tail fibre is also enzymes - RNA polymerase important link in immune
l;ssRNA consists of 6400 nucleo‐ given out of the corner . A enzyme and **ATP-phosphohydra‐ defence rendering the indivi‐
tides.Thus , the approximate ratio lysozyme is responsible for dissolving the lase.On both sides of the duals prone to infectious
of nucleotides and capsomers is bacterial cell wall is present in tail fibers. core lie lateral bodies one on diseases and tumour
3:1 each side. formation.
VIRIODS
DIENER discovered the viroids .They are small, circular, single standard RNA molecules without protein coat . they cause many plant
diseases .
Eg:- Citrus exocotosis viroid , potato spindle tuber viroid
Although the viroid RNA (300 to 400) nucleotides is single standard circle but can exhibit considerable secondary structure and resembles the
short standard molecules with close ends.
viroids enter the plant through wound or by insects. It replicates in the host cell nucleus with the help of one plant of RNA polymerases.
PRIONS
PRUSINER discovered the prions. The infectious proteins are called prions. Nucleic acid is absent. Protein coat is infectious and cause
variety of diseases. The mad cow disease causing prion may reach man through beef cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseasein him. eg:- MAD COW
disease (Bovine spongiform encephalitis) and Scrapie disease in sheep.
By BOMMISETTI Published 13th September, 2022. Sponsored by ApolloPad.com
PRAVALLIKA (pravallika) Last updated 13th September, 2022. Everyone has a novel in them. Finish
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