The document discusses implicit differentiation, which is the process of finding the derivative of a function defined implicitly rather than explicitly. It provides examples of implicitly defined functions and shows the steps to take the derivative using implicit differentiation. Specifically, it finds the derivative dy/dx for functions defined by equations like x^2 + y^2 - 1 = 0, x^3 + 2x^2y - 3xy^2 + 4y^4 = 0, and (x - y)^2 - (x + y)^2 = x^4 - y^4. The process involves taking the derivative of both sides with respect to x and rearranging terms to isolate dy/dx.
The document discusses implicit differentiation, which is the process of finding the derivative of a function defined implicitly rather than explicitly. It provides examples of implicitly defined functions and shows the steps to take the derivative using implicit differentiation. Specifically, it finds the derivative dy/dx for functions defined by equations like x^2 + y^2 - 1 = 0, x^3 + 2x^2y - 3xy^2 + 4y^4 = 0, and (x - y)^2 - (x + y)^2 = x^4 - y^4. The process involves taking the derivative of both sides with respect to x and rearranging terms to isolate dy/dx.
The document discusses implicit differentiation, which is the process of finding the derivative of a function defined implicitly rather than explicitly. It provides examples of implicitly defined functions and shows the steps to take the derivative using implicit differentiation. Specifically, it finds the derivative dy/dx for functions defined by equations like x^2 + y^2 - 1 = 0, x^3 + 2x^2y - 3xy^2 + 4y^4 = 0, and (x - y)^2 - (x + y)^2 = x^4 - y^4. The process involves taking the derivative of both sides with respect to x and rearranging terms to isolate dy/dx.
The document discusses implicit differentiation, which is the process of finding the derivative of a function defined implicitly rather than explicitly. It provides examples of implicitly defined functions and shows the steps to take the derivative using implicit differentiation. Specifically, it finds the derivative dy/dx for functions defined by equations like x^2 + y^2 - 1 = 0, x^3 + 2x^2y - 3xy^2 + 4y^4 = 0, and (x - y)^2 - (x + y)^2 = x^4 - y^4. The process involves taking the derivative of both sides with respect to x and rearranging terms to isolate dy/dx.
Mathematics Department Mindanao State University Main Campus Marawi City jean.cabaro@msumain.edu.ph Implicit Differentiation Implicit Differentiation
If the function f is defined as f = {(x , y ) : y = 9x 2 + 3x − 8}, then the equation
y = 9x 2 + 3x − 8
defines the function f explicitly .
Implicit Differentiation
If the function f is defined as f = {(x , y ) : y = 9x 2 + 3x − 8}, then the equation
y = 9x 2 + 3x − 8
defines the function f explicitly .
However, not all functions can be defined explicitly by an equation. Implicit Differentiation
If the function f is defined as f = {(x , y ) : y = 9x 2 + 3x − 8}, then the equation
y = 9x 2 + 3x − 8
defines the function f explicitly .
However, not all functions can be defined explicitly by an equation. Consider the relation Implicit Differentiation
If the function f is defined as f = {(x , y ) : y = 9x 2 + 3x − 8}, then the equation
y = 9x 2 + 3x − 8
defines the function f explicitly .
However, not all functions can be defined explicitly by an equation. Consider the relation
R = {(x , y ) : x 2 + y 2 − 1 = 0}. Implicit Differentiation
If the function f is defined as f = {(x , y ) : y = 9x 2 + 3x − 8}, then the equation
y = 9x 2 + 3x − 8
defines the function f explicitly .
However, not all functions can be defined explicitly by an equation. Consider the relation
R = {(x , y ) : x 2 + y 2 − 1 = 0}.
Although the relation R is not a function, we may describe R by means of two
functions. Defining p f1 = {(x , y ) : y = 1 − x 2} Defining p f1 = {(x , y ) : y = 1 − x 2} and p f2 = {(x , y ) : y = − 1 − x 2 }, Defining p f1 = {(x , y ) : y = 1 − x 2} and p f2 = {(x , y ) : y = − 1 − x 2 }, √ observe that√R = f1 ∪ f2 . The functions describing f1 and f2 are y = 1 − x2 and y = − 1 − x 2 respectively. Defining p f1 = {(x , y ) : y = 1 − x 2} and p f2 = {(x , y ) : y = − 1 − x 2 }, √ observe that√R = f1 ∪ f2 . The functions describing f1 and f2 are y = 1 − x2 and y = − 1 − x 2 respectively.
Another example of a relation which may be defined by decomposition into one
or more function is x 3 + 2x 2 y − 3xy 2 + 4y 4 = 0. In this case, the functions, if any, are defined implicitly by the equation. Definition. Implicit differentiation is the process of finding the derivative of a function that is defined implicitly. Definition. Implicit differentiation is the process of finding the derivative of a function that is defined implicitly. Example
Suppose that y is a differentiable function of the variable x. Find y 0 = dy /dx.
Example
Suppose that y is a differentiable function of the variable x. Find y 0 = dy /dx.
1. x 2 + y 2 − 1 = 0 Example
Suppose that y is a differentiable function of the variable x. Find y 0 = dy /dx.
1. x 2 + y 2 − 1 = 0 Solution: dy 2x + 2y · =0 dx dy 2y · = −2x dx dy x =− . dx y Example
Suppose that y is a differentiable function of the variable x. Find y 0 = dy /dx.
1. x 2 + y 2 − 1 = 0 Solution: dy 2x + 2y · =0 dx
dy x =− . dx y Example
Suppose that y is a differentiable function of the variable x. Find y 0 = dy /dx.
1. x 2 + y 2 − 1 = 0 Solution: dy 2x + 2y · =0 dx dy 2y · = −2x dx dy x =− . dx y 2. x 3 + 2x 2 y − 3xy 2 + 4y 4 = 0 2. x 3 + 2x 2 y − 3xy 2 + 4y 4 = 0 Solution: dy dy dy 3x 2 + (4xy + 2x 2 ) − (3y 2 + 3x · 2y ) + 16y 3 = 0 dx dx dx 2. x 3 + 2x 2 y − 3xy 2 + 4y 4 = 0 Solution: dy dy dy 3x 2 + (4xy + 2x 2 ) − (3y 2 + 3x · 2y ) + 16y 3 = 0 dx dx dx dy dy dy 3x 2 + 4xy + 2x 2 − 3y 2 − 6xy + 16y 3 = 0 dx dx dx 2. x 3 + 2x 2 y − 3xy 2 + 4y 4 = 0 Solution: dy dy dy 3x 2 + (4xy + 2x 2 ) − (3y 2 + 3x · 2y ) + 16y 3 = 0 dx dx dx dy dy dy 3x 2 + 4xy + 2x 2 − 3y 2 − 6xy + 16y 3 = 0 dx dx dx dy (2x 2 − 6xy + 16y 3 ) = −3x 2 − 4xy + 3y 2 dx 2. x 3 + 2x 2 y − 3xy 2 + 4y 4 = 0 Solution: dy dy dy 3x 2 + (4xy + 2x 2 ) − (3y 2 + 3x · 2y ) + 16y 3 = 0 dx dx dx dy dy dy 3x 2 + 4xy + 2x 2 − 3y 2 − 6xy + 16y 3 = 0 dx dx dx dy (2x 2 − 6xy + 16y 3 ) = −3x 2 − 4xy + 3y 2 dx dy −3x 2 − 4xy + 3y 2 = . dx 2x 2 − 6xy + 16y 3 3. (x − y )2 − (x + y )2 = x 4 − y 4 3. (x − y )2 − (x + y )2 = x 4 − y 4 Solution:
dy dy dy 2(x − y ) 1 − − 2(x + y ) 1 + = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx 3. (x − y )2 − (x + y )2 = x 4 − y 4 Solution:
dy dy dy 2(x − y ) 1 − − 2(x + y ) 1 + = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx dy dy dy 2(x − y ) − 2(x − y ) − 2(x + y ) − 2(x + y ) = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx 3. (x − y )2 − (x + y )2 = x 4 − y 4 Solution:
dy dy dy 2(x − y ) 1 − − 2(x + y ) 1 + = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx dy dy dy 2(x − y ) − 2(x − y ) − 2(x + y ) − 2(x + y ) = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx dy dy dy dy dy 2x − 2y − 2x + 2y − 2x − 2y − 2x − 2y = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx dx dx 3. (x − y )2 − (x + y )2 = x 4 − y 4 Solution:
dy dy dy 2(x − y ) 1 − − 2(x + y ) 1 + = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx dy dy dy 2(x − y ) − 2(x − y ) − 2(x + y ) − 2(x + y ) = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx dy dy dy dy dy 2x − 2y − 2x + 2y − 2x − 2y − 2x − 2y = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx dx dx dy (−4x + 4y 3 ) = 4x 3 + 4y dx 3. (x − y )2 − (x + y )2 = x 4 − y 4 Solution:
dy dy dy 2(x − y ) 1 − − 2(x + y ) 1 + = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx dy dy dy 2(x − y ) − 2(x − y ) − 2(x + y ) − 2(x + y ) = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx dy dy dy dy dy 2x − 2y − 2x + 2y − 2x − 2y − 2x − 2y = 4x 3 − 4y 3 dx dx dx dx dx dy (−4x + 4y 3 ) = 4x 3 + 4y dx dy 4x 3 + 4y x3 + y = = . dx 4y 3 − 4x y3 − x 4. x sin y − y sin x = 25 + xy 4. x sin y − y sin x = 25 + xy Solution:
(1 · sin y + x cos y · y 0 ) − (y 0 · sin x + y cos x ) = 0 + (1 · y + x · y 0 )
4. x sin y − y sin x = 25 + xy Solution:
(1 · sin y + x cos y · y 0 ) − (y 0 · sin x + y cos x ) = 0 + (1 · y + x · y 0 )
sin y + x cos y · y 0 − sin x · y 0 − y cos x = y + xy 0 4. x sin y − y sin x = 25 + xy Solution:
(1 · sin y + x cos y · y 0 ) − (y 0 · sin x + y cos x ) = 0 + (1 · y + x · y 0 )
sin y + x cos y · y 0 − sin x · y 0 − y cos x = y + xy 0 x cos y · y 0 − sin x · y 0 − xy 0 = y − sin y + y cos x 4. x sin y − y sin x = 25 + xy Solution:
(1 · sin y + x cos y · y 0 ) − (y 0 · sin x + y cos x ) = 0 + (1 · y + x · y 0 )
sin y + x cos y · y 0 − sin x · y 0 − y cos x = y + xy 0 x cos y · y 0 − sin x · y 0 − xy 0 = y − sin y + y cos x (x cos y − sin x − x )y 0 = y − sin y + y cos x 4. x sin y − y sin x = 25 + xy Solution:
(1 · sin y + x cos y · y 0 ) − (y 0 · sin x + y cos x ) = 0 + (1 · y + x · y 0 )
sin y + x cos y · y 0 − sin x · y 0 − y cos x = y + xy 0 x cos y · y 0 − sin x · y 0 − xy 0 = y − sin y + y cos x (x cos y − sin x − x )y 0 = y − sin y + y cos x y − sin y + y cos x y0 = . x cos y − sin x − x 5. sin(x + y ) = y cos x 5. sin(x + y ) = y cos x Solution:
cos(x + y )(1 + y 0 ) = y 0 cos x + y sin x
5. sin(x + y ) = y cos x Solution:
cos(x + y )(1 + y 0 ) = y 0 cos x + y sin x
cos(x + y ) + cos(x + y )y 0 = y 0 cos x + y sin x 5. sin(x + y ) = y cos x Solution:
cos(x + y )(1 + y 0 ) = y 0 cos x + y sin x
cos(x + y ) + cos(x + y )y 0 = y 0 cos x + y sin x [cos(x + y ) − cos x ] y 0 = y sin x − cos(x + y ) 5. sin(x + y ) = y cos x Solution:
cos(x + y )(1 + y 0 ) = y 0 cos x + y sin x
cos(x + y ) + cos(x + y )y 0 = y 0 cos x + y sin x [cos(x + y ) − cos x ] y 0 = y sin x − cos(x + y ) y sin x − cos(x + y ) y0 = . cos(x + y ) − cos x Exercise. Suppose that y is a differentiable function of the variable x. Find dy /dx = Dx y = y 0 of the following.
1. x 3 − y 3 = xy 2. x 2 − y 2 = x 2 y 2 2 2 5. x − y = 3y − 3x 6. 3x 2 y − 5xy 2 = 7x 3 y 3 3. 3x 3 y − 7xy 3 = 5 − 3xy + 7y 4. x34(x + y )2 − 3(x − y )2 = 2x 4 + 2y 4 − 7. y = cot(x + y ) 8. tan xy + xy = 0 9. x cos y + y sin x = xy 10. cos(x − y ) = sin(x + y ) ASSESSMENT TEST
NAME: SIGNATURE: SECTION: DATE: SCORE: Find the derivative dy /dx implicitly, given that y is a function of x. 1. (x + y ) + 2x − 3y 2 = x 2 y 2. tan2 xy + 5xy = 15 3. cos(x − y ) = sin(x + y )
