kinete Meory 4

The mallar meto upo

fundamnta goiecig - ()
m
The malecud a canstt tton f
lnetter amdi
male
Evide,.Çe cueG.e
favou mote cu a motion
G) Diffusi on amd
soutin The þhanomena dfusien
and soution
raadiy suggata Ihe malea agietien
Canbon cioxide
Nhen a
ynd ydogn is imveted ovor

g-molecdeG
Žsmolecule ten d to fi ava fom
Epomsim.s Ohe steiineat meton
erpeu
waa menta denen shated
Sevlal enpeêments.
(1u) phenomena evoboration
(()Boniahmotin Rapind, cantirw ous to amd oa
motton

Soutom
polen rans Suepene GVt a
collidal
 Basc assurntirns ef kinetc Ih2ot
no. naiste ndlecles
Carisldered to be , sügid, elasic and hauing
and

(Ö) m a
gtate. nole cul at chas, ich
memG Ihoin motinE ate
CaertinuoJ
possibe

and o h
Ihowall contaunot m Guch a
hetota k-£.
s
enains connt )

(i0 BetweenGuccegsire Aovelaong

shaigtrpalhG. These eolisinee
Te
Rea
fhs.y
e
colli sins ate plastic and
attacion btu2en s moleule:
Kinetic
y
(Viy T29re molecueG oHe aseumed to be Romehial

to
negleced comed he ome The

Comtanot.
oessuNe Xerted
Let uG consider Om idel aG n

moleals aHe meviny

hence
en momentum.

(T)

Let ADCD be One

NallG he contaunet,

elemetoyaiea
all
he

Vessel
clemetog
t
roume fhe
(r, )
atich con taùns.
(anedr) no. male cu
cules, 7
Hhen2, dne
malecles pe wmt rolwne
bet. c
and e
de
Thece dne s
mole udeG move
velocty
b C
ondCde amd
haing di retom e
bet! and rd

and td.
The
engen m all ..m ancntvi
al1 possible diections.
vm andom
The
mole Cule
tonH d
he
ds WEh speod bet c ad C+de
ane. =
(dne dr) ds cose
dneds drr de)rsined cose
dneds sine esededdr
 mole cudea
he
wIh speed bet. c4etde
cistmee Bom ds4o
Na Ivehae to ind out
wnaleeules coliedn wh ds
essible irectHons Ame am

sst
duedesin ded¢dr.

2T
use de
edne sSny

n = no.

val
ie

ds dt ne caner

moleales stiekir r
Vu'02
ca WUt tme is

Let ua n ca
cate TRe
totad no m

momenttuni pet uut oea gall pet wmt ttm.

Avantun
mentuu one volede
Us
.
2lme
 So
momomtn aufonal
all 5e molecwe

dne ds

m dsdt dne siny us d

dt
0

mdsd
2T 3

erone
ds d.
3 edne.
womntn o all We mmaleales

fore

on Iae
exented, wall,.
wit anea

mms
= densi
M
oN'e3

ented,
6 male cuweG
Henee, rms
O
Deductions rom passwie eprossid

S. veloctg
he press utef
e
ems

CoNsider Oe male
M =
molecnlon wt
;V= rolume sf
bemmls
Per

3RT
Crms
M

(i) claperon'a aguotim

"Ne hoN, Crms

M =
ca w.
wnole

NA Arogdo's no
: RT
Bdtman
R
n

= n KgT.
(")
e
SSwe and K-E
We haNO,

hete, Em=t ecrns Vnean K£.

K.£. zs meleaes

The
mole
albove
candot
eas
qmanttes,
amanhties, hat is
a stelatinsi beneen
qmantttieG Nelated to
a sebatate 'molecule andi he value prossua
Thad chotacterise as a
whole
sapie auautt ty .ditey meatsuad menbeimonts

We have,

M' P
Me
At canstamt tenb. T,
(on stomt
f=
L
ussac law chaules la
Ne haNO,
2

T comst P
 be Iha noleculaH masses
and M2, "3. be Taiir vespetiu
gases,2,3.
nomoleles pet t reluvne. The
totd FsSU.
roleuk
e
pressutes due to all

Non

and

Concapt tempotte Rom kintie meos

mole

rms)

ms

This erossion eh& ha be

nole ce ie fooportona to Tw aozsute
K-E.
Since, from tenfenato.
I5ee
mole aleG
Their
hawe
 So carastording Thee
omd moteda colli sions |ead

proFortiaatua
abpute tomt T.
Knm he K£.
4Henee Re etetn
malecw

07/e9
MoNelle volodt //speed distibution la

Aceording to he kinetc
moleudPeio move
all po2z ble die doe. Dhei eadvarie
-bution he idea, but 15e dishi
pead ouncrg
cpead ne s vnole cule. S
detncna lo be inade
) The mole an dansit canstan
rolume and ma ie mtsuyh
ed amt dirdtne e ua.
Tais asswwttn danands 5at
connecion he
G) The speed Ar ape
olhet
distibtin <ezd ie
eher ratictona /wenes
osign f the
co-ardinae gtem (X,\2).
camporeno Thtee

2
 We
nadte ind malecls pert
uuut rolume having eod be c&et de i:e
to find e a
mo|ece to hone
bet.
oobabiy
sed and c+ de.
Le dn tetrrsnts nb: sf male cuee p
Lit rolume having sbeed bel.
u
nd utdu. ttone
the obobiy a mole cule hoving ped
bet.
dnu.
ThiG Wu
wtbe
feus
ca molecle has veoa ty
componas bet. and dng

Due to iestoby velodtyspaes the Rumotin i

the zame Por psbabiieís alomg he btee
wwtualy oogena dire ttons.
veloötiee bet
The moleculeE havnX cnponent
and
feund rolumeelenend Gucoc) oj vlodty
space,
1he
boto:dN
N
fcw fcufeS dudvdio

being the total no. ¢ gas mdlocules

N
 dN PrafcfeDcudsdo N(e) du ds -do,
N

sinee awtmole cule etesonted ta bein in

(dudh di)

dudvd
=
& fco feo»fro N(ey

iwheu dN
e mole culem
dudvdn Baee
N

a
d(e)

fewftusfr dorfeusffeco
, c
dut d

A
-4.
for a
fred e, om O

Letu nmocce ge's undetemined

+
 he voguatt ns Cambe atbi
Awy tu00
So
choeN du dU=0

Sntegeen
A e
4C=
tenea foom
N A (y
= N Aebe 2]
whee b

can
ote storts amd Thes vaiation s
shon
mole culeo,
and e tde ll
be steresented by
shell o
adit

1voume This sbheicad shall in

4re2de
So he no. t molecleG dNe
velc
bet. e
amd ede
Ame? de)xe
dNe ANTAbe. ede

unknmon cnstants A
md

N
no mole cules
m

lu is
Sinee i
totl
duds dio

- b(u )

A3

bu? by2
du

I3 A3
A

=
I 2budu =
dz
du
2b
Gann aa fumctin;
e da=
A

fo. r(n)
= n
f bs

=
dNe NTA°RDc de.
Se, no. mole oulks/ uit rol.
vl, hauing
edbt. cadotd
= dNe
due
3 be2

Sraluatton b

Ne have Caheyro

edne
TA-be
"4n
 P 4TmnA e-be? Ade.
bce

4Tmå A3
3 )
2 TmnA

2TmnA 3
3b 572

=
3b572 r(2) ()
3

-n bS72
n

2b

P= n kI.

2 KI
M
Henee tz 21KT
\leue lhe no molecule& pe wwt rolune
haviny þeed bet

dne
LTde.
Tia ia Maolla la o voloa
vmale ods.

Deire éssin for moetpobabl e valoey:

We have, Trom May nell's vol odhy istibiton la,

dne ne2
de

AE=FCe) de (7
Whew,FCe) = 342

The ce) vae

The alea Fle) do
efresents i
-te
facin nolecuez harmg
tde.

dne

So dne mamav bet.

hawe o o
to
So Wes
molecdes
maxm. no. nll pos*ees a valouit
all ed istm
porbae velocty ond
 41ene fce) has mayima, ot
2
= 4n 43-be
e
dfe) e.2bebe 2

dfCc)

2
Cm 2bc3
2KT

vu'13
2 KT

Detre me
he esþreaain forr aveNaga valo iigt

The

be2e de

- be2 3
cdc 2bcdc-d

443

e T(2)=(i+)
b2

=
b2 (2)
 Cav W 213
b
2T
b

Can = J8KT

Derive exþreosin f RMS velooy

The m.s. voloitx

Cms dne
n)
2
c'de

4TA 7dc. 2
be

2
2
Jebebn.

A
b

2t A3 r() (1-%)
S/2
b

2.2
2.2kt
2. m
3 KT
 C
tene Cow
Cms
J3KT 2KT

Also
CrmsCanCm

Tempesatie dependanee velodty dihibntien la

frow MaxNellls vol odty distrtbut on we

lao
dne M
32
(2771) ee 2T de
Sntegein bolh des w.r.to @

32 c2
4
c.
8

e
& FCe)

lie mean Reatoa mder

he mazimum 6f
=
Cn
when hotemerate vo
olease, Cnn voreasesso.
peak sf ke cwtve
ighet e shrld get
tel shyted to a
valee. Bnd. sine Ihe anea is Pixed (ui ty)
teAse tanberaet.
le broadouing l nolaallyg depono On

value lke male culea . moy

b,otatwts
be takon as
diabuti on cwtve

Con
Sxpro ssing o
he louty
i. e. Tke
co called veuced voloot
Cm

24T.erte
de = 24T
n May woll'e egh
Meng ie
dne
(ye 2T 2
edc
312
-e,2
20Kt
Cader

Expei mantavefteatan Mall's laid

(0 P. K.e.
 lor
Gut the nolecules Pet wit
no.
We have to fnd
ume, having
volume entY bet.
bo. E
and E t dE. Acco diy
toHonall's vlotydishibntim land,
e 2T edc
Noo me 22
dE me de.

=
de

+tena Tho. no.. molecks aaui per wt, raume

&

ngysbu Eandede
ane=Ann ( 2£l
3
o

2(4) 32

Addl.
distibutton aD
 for The mozt pvobable

372

2
Em =(VKT

This ie The moet probable engt:

Re
Tn nhat seespeot oeB

distabtton eurve wnder Th ame

Tha maxn, disiúbton Em

to The
di staibnton

ve ond the
The veebity distribtton crGinälare
Zaokirg.
urveg ae
=2
Sa me
clattve chang donble 1Ra

meanO hal the atead sf en distibntia

Curve
be
Cowpoud to curega
/r)
= 2
Agoin
m C
kT