 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫ئؤرةو‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ 
 W،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
? ? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
١ 
 ٥  
٧ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٨  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
١٠ ‫א‬
١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
١٦ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ١٨  ‫א‬‫א‬
١٩ ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٣ ‫א‬‫א‬
٢٤ 
 ٢٨  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤١  ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٤٢  
 ٤٤  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٧  ‫א‬
 ٤٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٢  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٥  
 ٥٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٩  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦١  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٦  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٧  
 ٦٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٧٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٠  ‫א‬
 ٧١  ‫א‬
 ٧٢  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٣  ‫א‬
 ٧٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٦  ‫א‬
 ٨٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨١  
 ٨٢  ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬
WK
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬     ‫א‬  
  K‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

-5-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

-6-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   K٦
K‫א‬

 

  

-7-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
(Stepping Motors)‫א‬
 

،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ،   ‫א‬ ،(Stacks) ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،(Phases)   ‫א‬    ،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬(Stack) K(eddy current losses)
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬        
  E١ J١F ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬١ J١

 

‫א‬E٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،?A?‫א‬
‫א‬,،‫א‬?A?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬?A?‫א‬?B?
?A? ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?B?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?C?‫א‬K
 ?B?

?B?‫א‬،?B?،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،?C?‫א‬
?A?‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬‫א‬FA, B, C, A, B…..‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A, C, B, A,….
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬“Stacks”
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

A B C A B C
1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 0
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١ J١ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٢ J١ ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬E٣ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬٤ J١‫א‬


 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

A B C A B C
1 0   0 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٣ J١ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٤ J١ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
    ‫א‬ K‫א‬
K‫א‬

- 12 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٥ J١F‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J١‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦ J١F‫א‬
VA  

 
ON OFF ON OFF ON  Time

 
VB  
 
OFF ON OFF ON OFF Time
 
 
VC  
 
ON OFF   ON OFF Time
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧ J١F‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
A‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J١F‫א‬K
،B‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J١F‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،B‫א‬E٧ J١F‫א‬C‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢ J٢٢ J١‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤ J١٣ J١‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧ J١‫א‬
 

- 14 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
P‫א‬‫א‬N“Stacks”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

360
  ١-١
N.P

15،E٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١‫א‬

 K30،E٧ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٨ J١F‫א‬،


،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 KE٤٥‫א‬FE١ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 E٨ J١FE٨ J١F
‫א‬٨ J١ ‫א‬

- 15 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،'A'‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‘A’‫א‬
،‘B’‫א‬‘A’‫א‬KE٨ J١F
،‫א‬‫א‬EF٤٥‫א‬‫א‬
KE٨ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،'B'‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬'A'‫א‬
،A,B,A-,B-,A,…‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
 

A B
1 0
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ J١‫א‬
0 1
٤٥ ٧ J٢‫א‬‫א‬
 J1 0
K‫א‬
0  J1
1 0
 

 K‫א‬(A&B) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J١F‫א‬


٨ J١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J١‫א‬
‫א‬

- 16 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٦ J١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

A B
1 0
1 1
0 1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J١‫א‬
-1 1   E٨ J١F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
-1 0 K‫א‬ 22.5
-1 -1
0 -1
1 -1
 
‫א‬(A&B) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٦ J١F( ٥ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 
 J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J١‫א‬
‫א‬E٨

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
Hybrid stepper motor W‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١١ J١F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(A-‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،A′)
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A′‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(B-B′)‫א‬
 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١ J١‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE١٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(A)‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(A-A′)‫א‬
،(B-B′)‫א‬،(A′)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(B-B′)‫א‬(A-A′)‫א‬‫א‬K(A-A′)‫א‬
، (B′)‫א‬، (B)‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(18˚)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(A-A′)‫א‬ (B-B′)‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E١٢ J١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Tm ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Tm‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(90˚)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،E١٢ J١F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ (B-B′)  (A-A′)   
 W‫א‬
 
T  T m  sin  S2N  sin  S1N  sin  S3N  cos  S5S  cos  S4S  ٢-١

 
 

- 19 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 


 
‫א‬‫א‬١٢ J١‫א‬

- 20 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

T  T m  sin 18 o  sin 90 o  sin 54 o  cos 18 o  cos 54 o 

 
T  T m 0 . 309  1 . 0  0 . 809  0 . 951  0 . 588 
T  0.863 T m ٣-١
 

،‫א‬18˚‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
KE١٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
٦ J١٥ J١‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٨ J١٧ J١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

A B
1 1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧ J١‫א‬
-1 1
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬    
-1 -1
K‫א‬١٨
1 -1
1 1

A B
1 1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨ J١‫א‬
1 -1
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬    
-1 -1
K‫א‬١٨
-1 1
1 1

- 21 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J١F‫א‬
 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E١٣ J١F ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 22 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
K K
K K
K K
K K
KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J١
K‫א‬W٢ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،E١٤ J١F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W٧ J١ 
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

١٤ J١‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨ J١ 
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ،     ،‫א‬    
W‫א‬،
K‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
W،E١٥ J١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩ J١
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K٢‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 
 
 


١٥ J١‫א‬

- 25 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٦ J١F‫א‬‫א‬W١٠ J١
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 

 
 
١٦ J١‫א‬

 

- 26 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 

  

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

- 27 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 


  

- 28 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

Va  K g .   ١-٢
d
 
dt
  ‫א‬    Kg   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    
K Va ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬    K(V) ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
KKg K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

Direct Current Tacho-GeneratorsW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬       
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  (Solid- states d c power supply) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬
Ra  
If Ia
 
IL
 
Ea Va = VT  RL
R
Vf
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 RL‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬Va ‫א‬
 
Ea  N 
Ea     K  
but   constant
Ea  
Ea  KE .  ٢-٢
where
KE  K .

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

If‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   Ea ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E٢ J٢F ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، (RL = )
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RL

Va  E a - I a R a ٣-٢
 

‫א‬  ‫א‬   Ra ،‫א‬ Ia

 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬     E٣ J٢F ‫א‬  E٢ J٢F ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

RL=

RL=small

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Va
Ia  ٤-٢
RL
Va
Va  E a - . Ra
RL
 R 
Va  1  a   E a
 RL 
Ea
Va 
 R 
 1  a 
 RL 

KE . 
Va  ٥-٢
 R 
 1  a 
 RL 

،Va‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   RaK‫א‬   Ra
K‫א‬RL‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬


،E٢ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W
L   -  r ٦-٢
where
  r  K r .Ia

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬r،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، r  Ia ‫א‬ Kr ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

E a L  K .  . L ٧-٢

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬     ‫א‬  Vbrush ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WE٣ J٢F‫א‬
  

Va  E a - I a . R a - Vbrush

K .   V brush
Va  E

 1 
K . K r .   R a   ٨-٢
RL 
 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Va‫א‬E٨ J٢F‫א‬
‫א‬KVbrush‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬       Va  ‫א‬  
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،     
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،(Dead Zone =)‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬  ‫א‬  E٢ J٢F ‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬     
 K٨ J٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      W
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     W
 K‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 E١ J٢F
(Ea = 12 V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W‫א‬K(1000 rpm)‫א‬(If = 0.1 A)‫א‬
 K(1000 rpm)‫א‬E0.15 A)‫א‬Ea ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 K(1400 rpm)‫א‬E0.1 A)‫א‬Ea ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬
Ea1 = 12 V If1 = 0.1 A n1 = 1000 rpm
Ea2 = ? If2 = 0.2 A n2 = 1000 rpm
Ea3 = ? If3 = 0.1 A n3 = 1400 rpm
E a  K E . N .I f
E I f 2 .N 2
a2

E a1 I f 1 .N 1

I f 2 .N 2 0 . 15 x1000
E a 2  Ea 1  12  18 V
I f 1.N 1 0 . 1 x1000
I f 3 .N 3 0 .1x1400
E a 3  Ea1  12  16 .8V
I f 1.N1 0 .1x1000
 

 Va ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ Ea ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬    If ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 E٢ J٢F
(40 W, 20 V, Ra = 0.025)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Ea‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
20 V  ‫א‬‫א‬    Ea  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬


 50 W‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
P out  V T I L
40
IL  Ia   2A
20
E a  VT  I a R a
E a  20  2 x 0 . 025  20 . 05 V
 ‫א‬‫א‬
50
IL  Ia   2 .5 A
20
E a  VT  I a R a
E a  20  2 . 5 x 0 . 025  20 . 0625 V
 E٣ J٢F
‫א‬    (50 W, Ra = 0.03) ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬EEa= 25 VF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
P out  V T I L

50
I L  I a 
VT
V T  E a  I a R a

50 x 0 . 03
V T  25 
VT
V T
2
 25 V T  1 .5  0
a  1 , b   25 , c  1 . 5
 b  ( b 2  4 ac )
V T 
2a
V T  24 . 93 V
50
I L  I a   2 A
24 . 93

- 35 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

Induction Tacho-GeneratorsW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬
 (Field winding) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K(Generating winding) ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(Drag-Cup Rotor) ‫א‬         
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬    
      E٣ J٢F ‫א‬ ،‫א‬      ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 

 
 ٣ J٢‫א‬

 
 

- 36 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J٢
   ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E f F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Ef F ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
،EErotF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EfF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬EfF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

E rot  K .  .  f ٩-٢
EgF  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Erot )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  Ea ‫א‬ E g F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ea‫א‬‫א‬
 

E rot directly proportion al to 

g directly proportion al to E rot
therefore  g is directly proportion al to 
 g  const.  
E a  const.   g
Ea  Kg  

- 37 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬        ،  ‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ( 0.5 Zf, 0.5 Zb ) 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( n ) ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬،( Emf )( Eaf )،( n )‫א‬

E af  j n E mf  j n I1 . 0.5 Zf  ١٠-٢
Na
where n 
Nm
 

 W‫א‬،( Emb )( Eab )

 

Eab   j n Emb   j n I1 . 0.5Zb  ١١-٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E a  E af  E ab ١٢-٢
 j 0 . 5  n I . Z - Z 
1 f b ١٣-٢
 

( Ea = 0 )  ( Zf = Zb ) ( s = 1) ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ZbZf‫א‬( Ea )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Zf‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Zb 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

٤ J٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I 1  3 . 59   51 . 7
Z f  31 . 9  j 40 . 3
Z b  1 . 98  j 2 . 12
 

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
n = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KS=0.05
K0.8
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 

 

E a  j 0.5  n I1 . Zf - Zb 
 j 0.5  0.8  3.59  51.7 o 31.9  j40.3  1.98  j2.12
 j (1.436  51.7 o )  (48.551.92o )
 69.6590.22o volt
 

 K90.22 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬69.65‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- 39 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

Synchronous Tacho-generators‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 


K
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ،  ،    ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬           ،‫א‬
،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- 40 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W١
K‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬K
KK
KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
KK
KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
K
KK
KK
KK
KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
KK
K‫א‬K


K‫א‬K
KK
KKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W٥
KK
K‫א‬‫א‬K
KK

- 41 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬K

 W
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W١ J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    W٢ J٢ 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ W٣ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٢
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W١ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬KE ٨ J٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W٢ J٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I1  2 . 5   50 . 4
Z f  64  j 80 . 3
Z b  4  j 4 .2
s ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
n = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K= 0.04
0.9

- 42 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

- 43 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

 

  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬
 

  ،(Servo-Motors) ‫א‬   ‫א‬  

‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬  K‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬     K‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

 A.C Servo-Motors‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬   
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F

W‫א‬١ J١ J٣

،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ،(constant voltage winding) ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ K(control winding) ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

،E‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬ ،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
WE١ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

  T  V a ١ J٣
 
 
 

 
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣‫א‬

 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٣
   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ KE٢ J٣F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ،‫א‬       ،E٢ J٣F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ “c” ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬    
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،(Va) ‫א‬    "c" ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ،E٣ J٣F ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢ J٣F‫א‬
T  - K  .   K v . Va ٢ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ J٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

(Drag-Cup Servo-Motors)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٣

‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
   EF  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ E‫א‬F ‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬E٤ J٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 

 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W(o) ‫א‬   J
KL‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W(Tst) ‫א‬    J

KK
K٢K‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬FW(J) ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W(α)‫ א‬ J

K٢L‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T st
  ٣ J٣
J
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W() ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ٪٦٣{٢    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬
    ،‫א‬   ‫א‬      
‫א‬   E٥ J٣F ‫א‬   ،‫א‬     ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬L‫א‬x‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
J  o
  ٤ J٣
T st
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   o  1  e   ٥ J٣
-t

 
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W(r) ‫א‬   K
٪٦٣{٢  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬x١{٧Z‫א‬

- 49 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٣
W١ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬   ، 60 ، 120 ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   
95‫א‬‫א‬،٢K‫א‬0.01‫א‬‫א‬،E٦ J٣F‫א‬
W
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K

 

٦ J٣

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
T  - K  .   K v . Va
at Va  95 volt and   0.0
 T  0.75  K v . V a
0.75 0.75
K v    0.00789
Va 95
at T  0.0   225 rad/sec.
 0.0  - K   225  0 . 75
0.75
K   0.0033  slope of torque speed line
225
 
:E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T  - 0.0033   0.00789 Va
T  - 0.0033   0.75 N.m.
 

 α Z‫א‬EF
Tst 0 .75 rad/sec2
    75
J 0 .01
ωо‫א‬EF
 o  225 rad/sec
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF
 
J  o

0 . 01  225
 3 sec.
Tst 0 . 75
 W‫א‬EF
r  1.7  1.73  5.1 sec.
W‫א‬‫א‬EF

   o  1  e  
-t

 
  225  1  e 3   225  1  e - 0..33t
-t

 rad/sec
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 D.C Servo-Motors‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٧ J٣F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 


، ‫א‬ (Va)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬

Ra  
Ia
 
Rf  

Ea
‫العضو‬  
If ‫الدوار‬ Va
Vf  
 
‫العضو الثابت‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٣F‫א‬
 
T‫العزم‬
Tst1  
 
Tst2 Va1  Va2 Va3
 
Va1
Tst3  
Va2
Va3  
 
 
‫א‬
o3 o2  
o1
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٣F‫א‬

- 52 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
(Printed- Circuit Motors)W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٢ J٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (٩ J٣F‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،E‫א‬    ‫א‬F
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٣‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٢ J٣
  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١ J٢ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬ (Basket)
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   E١٠ J٣F‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠ J٣‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٣
K‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٣
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   W٣ J٣ 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J٣
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W٧ J٣ 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬      W٨ J٣ 
 ‫؟‬
‫א‬‫א‬   60، 115 ‫א‬  ‫א‬    W٩ J٣ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E١١ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،٢K‫א‬ 0.005
W115
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

١١ J٣‫א‬

- 55 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

0.008 ‫א‬‫א‬  ، 120 ‫א‬  ‫א‬    W١٠ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢K‫א‬
 

T  - 0.002 .   0.6 N.m.

 

 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬T
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
0.006 ‫א‬‫א‬ ،120‫א‬‫א‬W١١ J٣ 
W‫א‬‫א‬300‫א‬0.6‫א‬ ،٢K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

 
 
 
 
 

- 56 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 

- 57 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 

  

- 58 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤
‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬      ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ، 
  ‫א‬       ،‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

W‫א‬‫א‬١ J١ J٤
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    E١ J٤F 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬    (Interpoles)    ‫א‬  
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 

 

 

- 59 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


W‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

  W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
Ea  V1 - Ia .Za - Is .Zs
١-٤
Ea  V1 - Ia (Ra  R s  jXa  jXs )
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Pd  E a . I a ٢ J٤
 :‫א‬
Po  Pd - Plosses ٣ J٤
 W‫א‬
Pin  V1 I a . cos(  ) ٤ J٤
 W‫א‬
Po
To  N.m ٥ J٤
m
 W‫א‬
Po
  ٦ J٤
Pin

- 60 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١ J٤
  15000         ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ،      ،‫א‬    ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E٣ J٤F ‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٤‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬، 60، 120W١ J٤

‫א‬K0.91217.58‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬8000
W‫א‬‫א‬
 Ra = 1.36 W‫א‬
Xa = 1.6  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Rs = 0.65 W‫א‬
Xs = 1.2  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬
K‫א‬80 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬
 

E a  V1 - I a .Za - I s .Zs
E a  V1 - I a (R a  R s  jX a  jX s )
 120  17 .58   24 .58 (1.36  0.65  j1.6  j1.2)
 120  17 .58   24 .58  ( 2.01  j2.8)
 120  17 .58   24 .58  (3.446 54 .327 )
 120  60 . 68  29 . 747 Volt
E a  74 .05  24 .2 Volt
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

P d  E a . I a  74 . 05 x 17 . 58  1302 watt

 W‫א‬
Po  Pd - PL  1302 80  1222 watt

 W‫א‬
2 Nm 2   8000
m    837 .76 rad/sec
60 60
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬
Po 1222
To    1.46 N.m
m 837.76
 W‫א‬
Pin  V1 I a . cos()  120 17.58  0.912  1923.96 watt
 W‫א‬

Po 1222
    0.635  63.5 %
Pin 1923.96

 ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٤
W‫א‬١ J٢ J٤
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٢ J٤
‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬   E٤ J٤F ‫א‬
 ،    ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A‫א‬
(Transformer  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ،T=A cos    winding)
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ،F=A sin (Field winding)  ‫א‬
 ،( T ) ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬F‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬        ،E  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(F) ‫א‬   KE‫א‬ F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬     
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E٤ J٤F  K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،EF   
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٤‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢ J٤
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   K
‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬     ‫א‬     
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٠‫א‬١٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K
 KKKKKKKKKKK،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 K K
 K K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K K
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
 K K
 K  K
 K K
 K K
 K K
 KKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬ K

 

 W

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

K‫א‬،‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٤
K‫א‬،‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬

  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬   ، 60 ، 240   W٦ J٤ 
‫א‬ ، 0.94 ‫א‬  6.5‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 12000
WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 Za = 6.15 + j 9.4 Ω W‫א‬
Zs = 4.55 + j 3.2 Ω W‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬
K‫א‬65 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬    ، 60 ، 220   ‫א‬  W٧ J٤ 
، 0.90 ‫א‬   7 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬  6000 
WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 Za = 5.5 + j 7.4 Ω W‫א‬
Zs = 3.5 + j 3.2 Ω W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W‫א‬
K‫א‬70 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢



K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    


 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J٥
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
The control transmitter (CX)  ‫א‬ K١
The control transformer (CT)  ‫א‬K٢
K٤The control differential (CD) ‫א‬‫א‬K٣
The control receiver (CR)  ‫א‬
W(CX)‫א‬١ J٢ J٥
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬     
          ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬F  120°   ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬
E١ J٥) ‫א‬ K‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 
 

  K‫א‬١ J٥‫א‬
  W(CT)‫א‬٢ J٢ J٥
  ،‫א‬     ،‫א‬    
‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ،Eumbrella constructionF
 ،   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬        ،
 K‫א‬E٢ J٥F‫א‬
 

 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬٢ J٥‫א‬
 

 
 

 K‫א‬٢ J٥‫א‬
 
:(CD)‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢ J٥
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٥F‫א‬K‫א‬

 
K‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W(CR)‫א‬٤ J٢ J٥
‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬K‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٥

Data TransmittingElements W‫א‬‫א‬١ J٣ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٤ J٥F ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ،(error detector)‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ،    ،(CT) ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ (CT)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K(CX)‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٥‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،E٤ J٥F‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K   ،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  
   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬       ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬
  K( e = Er sinα )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬٥ J٥‫א‬
 

،E٤ J٥F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    E٥ J٥F‫א‬
،(input shaft) ،(output shaft)
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ، ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(E) (E sin )‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

Torque TransmittingElements W‫א‬٢ J٣ J٥

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      E‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬K 
 Td  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬KE٦ J٥F
‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬   n  


‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   Kn ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Td‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Tb‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
I II
 
Td Tb  
 

n n  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٥‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Td ‫א‬‫א‬   
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E‫א‬ F ‫א‬   

- 76 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Tb EF ‫א‬‫א‬  TdEF
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 

825 rpm70.75 kg.m‫א‬W١ J٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K50 Hz
 
 
 
 
 
PSI = PSO=  
109 109
Kw Kw  
 
Par =49Kw  
Td Tb Pmo=60K
 
n n  
PmI=60Kw  
 
 
II
I
 

- 77 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

60 f 60 x 50
ns    1500 r . p . m .
P 2
n  nm 1500  825
s  S   0 . 45
nS 1500
2 x  xn r 2 x  x 825
r    86 . 3 rad / sec
60 60
2 x  xn S 2 x  x 1500
 S    157 rad / sec
60 60
 
 

 WE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 WPmI‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
9 . 81
P mI  T  r  70 . 75 X x 86 . 3  60 Kw
1000
 

‫א‬   ‫א‬  (II) ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
9.81
Par  sPg  sxTx  S  0.45x70.75 x x157  49Kw
1000
 WPSI‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
9.81
PSI  T  S  PgI  70.75x x157  1 09 Kw
1000
Cheak P SI  P mI  P ar  60  49  1 0 9 Kw
 

 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 WPar‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P ar  49 Kw
 WPmo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1  S 1  0 . 45
P mo  P ar  x49  60Kw
S 0 . 45

- 78 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P mo 60
P SO    109 Kw
1  S 1  0 . 45
 
Cheak P SO  P mo  Par  60  49  1 0 9 Kw
 
 

- 79 -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 K‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KEF
KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
    ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   EF
 K‫א‬
 KEF
KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
    ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   EF
 K‫א‬
 KEF
KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 K‫א‬EF
 KEF
 KEF
 KEF
 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬W٩ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬W١٠ J٥

‫א‬، W١١ J٥

‫א‬ E٤ J٥F ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬60o‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬، 100 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

  1000 rpm   100 kg.m    ‫א‬ W١٢ J٥
  ‫א‬   K    ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K50 Hz

 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K  KKK–‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ١٩٨٨،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
P. C. Sen, Jon Wiley Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics,
& sons Jon Wiley & sons, Inc, 1997
M. S. Sarma Electric Machinery, West Publishing Company, 1994
Electric Machines: Steady State Theory and Dynamic
A. E. Fitzgeralad
Performance, Mc. Graw-Hill, 1992.
A. e. Fitzgerald, C.
Electric Machinery, Mc. Graw-Hill, 1994
Kingsley. S. D.Umans,
STEPPING MOTORS: a guide to modern theory and
P. J. Antsaklis, D. P.
practice. IEE CONTROL ENGINEERING SERIES, Peter
Atherton, K. Warwick peregrinus Ltd. 1992.
M. S. Sarma Electric Machines, West Publishing Company, 1994.

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