Gradall Service Manual
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ptchrismeadgmail.coGradall Service Manual
Uploaded by
ptchrismeadgmail.coService Manual
Part Number 80884014
XL3100V - XL4100V - XL5100V
XL4130V
(4x2) S/N 3120000375 & After
(4x4) S/N 3140000378 & After
(6x4) S/N 4140000100 & After
(Railgear) S/N 4140R00100 & After
(Railgear) S/N 4130R00100 & After
(6x4) S/N 4160000088 & After
(6x4) S/N 5140000100 & After
(6x6) S/N 5160000100 & After
Revised
December 7th, 2018
This manual, and all manuals for the Gradall Hydraulic Excavator product line, can be viewed or downloaded,
free-of-charge, at www.mygradall.com
IMPORTANT! - If printed, or downloaded in electronic format, this is an uncontrolled copy of the
manual. The current version can be viewed/downloaded at www.mygradall.com
Operator & Safety
Manual
Keep this manual with machine at all times.
XL3100V - XL4100V - XL5100V
XL4130V
(4x2) S/N 3120000375 & After
(4x4) S/N 3140000378 & After
(6x4) S/N 4140000100 & After
(Railgear) S/N 4140R00100 & After
(Railgear) S/N 4130R00100 & After
(6x6) S/N 4160000088 & After
(6x4) S/N 5140000100 & After
(6x6) S/N 5160000100 & After
80884013
Revised
December 7th, 2018
This manual, and all manuals for the Gradall Hydraulic
Excavator product line, can be viewed or downloaded, free-of-charge, at
www.mygradall.com
IMPORTANT! - If printed, or downloaded in electronic format, this is an
uncontrolled copy of the manual.
The current version can be viewed/downloaded at www.mygradall.com
Gradall is a registered trademark for hydraulic excavators, industrial
maintenance machines, attachments and other components
manufactured and marketed by Gradall Industries, Inc.
Revision Log
Revision Log
REVISION LOG
February 12th, 2016 - A - Original Issue of Manual
April 14th, 2016 - B - Added battery shutdown warning
January 6th, 2017 - C - Added description to chassis lube points in Section 5.
Revised Upper Cab Heater Spec. Added XL4100V & XL5100V Weight & Dimension
Specs.
December 7th, 2018 - D - Op Manual Revision Log
80884013 a
Read This First
Read This First
This manual is a very important tool! Keep it with the machine at all times.
The purpose of this manual is to provide owners, users, operators, lessors, and
lessees with the precautions and operating procedures essential for the safe and
proper machine operation for its intended purpose.
Due to continuous product improvements, Gradall Industries, Inc. reserves the right
to make specification changes without prior notification. Contact Gradall Industries,
Inc. for updated information, or access the most recent version of this manual at
www.mygradall.com.
Operator Qualifications
The operator of the machine must not operate or drive the machine until this manual
has been read, training is accomplished and operation of the machine has been
completed under the supervision of an experienced and qualified instructor.
Operators of this equipment must possess a valid, applicable driver’s license, be in
good physical and mental condition. Operator must not be using medication which
could impair abilities nor be under the influence of alcohol or any other intoxicant
during the work shift.
In addition, the operator must read, understand and comply with instructions
contained in the following material furnished with the hydraulic excavator:
• This Operator & Safety Manual
• AEM Off-Highway Dump Truck Manual
• AEM Hydraulic Excavator Safety Manual
• All instructional decals and plates
• Any optional equipment instructions furnished
The operator must also read, understand and comply with all applicable Employer,
Industry and Governmental rules, standards and regulations.
If any manual is missing or illegible, get a replacement from your employer,
distributor, or from Gradall Industries.
Modifications
Any modification to Gradall products must be approved by Gradall.
b 80884013
Read This First
This product must comply with all safety related bulletins. Contact Gradall Industries,
Inc. or the local authorized Gradall representative for information regarding safety-
related bulletins which may have been issued for this product.
Gradall Industries, Inc. sends safety related bulletins to the owner of record of this
machine. Contact Gradall Industries, Inc. to ensure that the current owner records
are updated and accurate.
Gradall Industries, Inc. must be notified immediately in all instances where Gradall
products have been involved in an accident involving bodily injury or death of
personnel or when damage has occurred to personal property or the Gradall
product.
FOR:
• Accident Reporting and Product Safety Publications
• Current Owner Updates
• Questions Regarding Product Applications and Safety
• Standards and Regulations Compliance Information
• Questions Regarding Product Modifications
CONTACT:
Product Safety and Reliability Department
Gradall Industries, Inc.
406 Mill Avenue
New Philadelphia, OH 44663
Phone: 330-339-2211
Toll-Free: 1-800-445-4752
Other Publications Available
Illustrated Parts Manual.................................................80884012
Service Manual .............................................................80884014
80884013 c
Read This First
NOTES:
d 80884013
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Revision Log
Read This First
Operator Qualifications.............................................................................. b
Modifications ............................................................................................. b
Other Publications Available ..................................................................... c
Table of Contents
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
1.1 Hazard Classification System........................................................1-1
Safety Alert System and Safety Signal Words............................1-1
1.2 General Precautions .....................................................................1-1
1.3 Operation Safety ...........................................................................1-2
Electrical Hazards.......................................................................1-2
Swing Hazards ...........................................................................1-3
Slip and Fall Hazard ...................................................................1-5
Crush Hazards............................................................................1-6
Travel Hazards - Remote and Driving ........................................1-8
Tip Over Hazard .........................................................................1-9
Chemical Hazards ....................................................................1-10
Dust Hazard..............................................................................1-12
1.4 Personal Protection Equipment...................................................1-13
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
2.1 Pre-Operation Checks & Inspection ..............................................2-1
2.2 Walk-Around Inspection ................................................................2-2
2.3 Safety Decals ................................................................................2-5
Upperstructure Decal Locations .................................................2-5
Undercarriage Decal Locations ..................................................2-7
2.4 Undercarriage Cab Components ................................................2-10
2.5 Transmission Shift Selector ........................................................2-12
Prognostic Features .................................................................2-13
Accessing Prognostics..............................................................2-14
Resetting Prognostics...............................................................2-15
Checking Fluid Levels...............................................................2-16
Diagnostic Codes .....................................................................2-18
Diagnostic Transmission Codes ...............................................2-19
2.6 Undercarriage Cab Controls & Indicators....................................2-22
Dash Panel ..............................................................................2-22
Right Hand Dash Panel ............................................................2-23
Travel/Remote Display Area.....................................................2-24
Information Display Area ..........................................................2-25
Ignition ......................................................................................2-27
80884013 i
Table of Contents
Turn Signal/High Beam/Hazards Lever.................................... 2-28
2.7 Upperstructure Cab Components ............................................... 2-30
2.8 Upperstructure Cab Controls & Indicators .................................. 2-32
Electronic Monitoring Unit ........................................................ 2-32
Right Hand Arm Pod ................................................................ 2-34
Left Hand Arm Pod................................................................... 2-36
Joystick Control Pattern Selection ........................................... 2-38
Joystick Controls ...................................................................... 2-39
Operator Seat Adjustments...................................................... 2-43
Ignition...................................................................................... 2-44
Intermittent Wiper/Washer ....................................................... 2-45
Park Brake Switch.................................................................... 2-46
Section 3 - Operation
3.1 Travel Mode Engine Operation..................................................... 3-1
Starting Engine from Undercarriage Cab ................................... 3-1
Normal Engine Operation........................................................... 3-1
Cold Weather Starting Aids........................................................ 3-2
3.2 Checks Before Undercarriage Operation...................................... 3-3
3.3 Travel Mode Brake System .......................................................... 3-4
Service Brake............................................................................. 3-5
Emergency Brake....................................................................... 3-6
Parking Brake............................................................................. 3-8
3.4 Travel Mode Power Train ........................................................... 3-10
Shifting Gears .......................................................................... 3-10
3.5 Travel Mode Engine Shutdown................................................... 3-14
3.6 Remote Control Preparation ....................................................... 3-15
Preparing Undercarriage for Remote Control Operation.......... 3-15
Preparing Upperstructure for Remote Control Operation......... 3-15
3.7 Checks Before Remote Control Operation ................................. 3-16
3.8 Remote Mode Brake System...................................................... 3-17
Remote Control Braking........................................................... 3-17
Digging Brake........................................................................... 3-18
3.9 Remote Mode Power Train......................................................... 3-19
Driving Undercarriage from Upperstructure Cab...................... 3-19
Shifting Gears While in Remote Control .................................. 3-20
3.10 Steering System ......................................................................... 3-21
3.11 Typical Dig Cycle ........................................................................ 3-22
Standard SAE Boom and Attachment Functions ..................... 3-22
3.12 Lifting & Placing a Load .............................................................. 3-28
Precautions .............................................................................. 3-28
General .................................................................................... 3-29
Positioning Machine For A Lift ................................................. 3-29
Planning A Lift .......................................................................... 3-30
ii 80884013
Table of Contents
3.13 Lift Capacity ................................................................................3-31
3.14 Remote Mode Engine Shutdown ................................................3-33
3.15 Return to Travel Mode ................................................................3-34
Preparing Upperstructure for Undercarriage Operation............3-34
Preparing Undercarriage for Conventional Operation ..............3-34
Boom Stow Procedure..............................................................3-35
Securing Unit for Driving...........................................................3-35
3.16 Parking the Excavator .................................................................3-36
Precaution ................................................................................3-36
Parking Procedure ....................................................................3-36
3.17 Preservation & Storage ...............................................................3-37
Maintenance .............................................................................3-37
Section 4 - Attachments
4.1 Approved Attachments ..................................................................4-1
4.2 Unapproved Attachments..............................................................4-1
4.3 Attachment Operation ...................................................................4-1
Excavating Buckets ....................................................................4-2
Ditching Buckets .........................................................................4-2
Trenching Buckets ......................................................................4-3
Pavement Removal Bucket ........................................................4-3
Dredging Bucket .........................................................................4-4
Grading Blade.............................................................................4-4
4.4 Adapter Attachment Installation ....................................................4-5
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................5-1
Clothing and Safety Gear ...........................................................5-1
5.2 General Maintenance Instructions ................................................5-2
Tire Service ................................................................................5-2
5.3 Service & Maintenance Schedules ...............................................5-3
Daily or Shift (10 Hour Maximum) Maintenance Schedule .........5-3
Weekly (50 Hour Maximum) Maintenance Schedule..................5-4
Monthly (125 Hour Maximum) Maintenance Schedule...............5-5
1st 30 Days (250 hrs Max) & 250 Hour Maintenance Schedule.5-6
500 Hour Maintenance Schedule ...............................................5-7
Semi-Annual (750 Hour Maximum) Maintenance Schedule.......5-8
Annual (1500 Hour Maximum) Maintenance Schedule ..............5-9
5.4 Undercarriage Lubrication Schedules .........................................5-10
Monthly (125 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule - XL3100V.....
5-10
Monthly (125 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule -
XL4100V & XL5100V ....................................................5-12
Semi-Annual (750 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule -
XL3100V .......................................................................5-14
80884013 iii
Table of Contents
Semi-Annual (750 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule -
XL4100V & XL5100V.................................................... 5-16
5.5 Upperstructure Lubrication Schedules........................................ 5-18
Daily or Shift (10 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule ......... 5-18
Annual (1500 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule............... 5-19
5.6 Operator Maintenance Instructions............................................. 5-20
10 Hours................................................................................... 5-20
50 Hours................................................................................... 5-25
100 Hours................................................................................. 5-27
750 Hours................................................................................. 5-29
Section 6 - Emergency Procedures
6.1 Loss Of Power .............................................................................. 6-1
Stowing the boom without engine power ................................... 6-1
To extend the boom without engine power ................................ 6-1
To raise the boom without engine power ................................... 6-1
Towing........................................................................................ 6-2
If You Get Stuck ......................................................................... 6-2
Section 7 - Specifications
7.1 Product Specifications .................................................................. 7-1
Lubrication & Fluid Capacities.................................................... 7-1
Tires ........................................................................................... 7-3
Battery........................................................................................ 7-3
Weight ........................................................................................ 7-4
Dimensions ................................................................................ 7-4
7.2 Torque Chart................................................................................. 7-6
7.3 Fuses ............................................................................................ 7-9
Upperstructure ........................................................................... 7-9
Undercarriage ............................................................................ 7-9
Index
iv 80884013
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
SECTION 1 - GENERAL SAFETY PRACTICES
1.1 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Safety Alert System and Safety Signal Words
DANGER
OW0010
DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will
result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
OW0021
WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
OW0031
CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may
result in minor or moderate injury.
1.2 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Before operation, read & understand this manual.
WARNING Failure to comply with the information in this manual
OW0021
could result in machine damage, property damage,
personal injury or death.
80884013 1-1
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
1.3 OPERATION SAFETY
Electrical Hazards
10 FT
(3 M)
OAC0330
• This machine is not insulated and does not provide protection from contact or
being near electrical current.
• NEVER operate the excavator in an area where overhead power lines, overhead
or underground cables, or other power sources may exist without ensuring the
appropriate power or utility company de-energizes the lines.
• Always check for power lines before raising boom.
811
OAC1290
Always “Call Before You Dig”. Contact your local One-Call (811 in USA) or the
One-Call referral number (888-258-0808 in USA and Canada) to have underground
utilities located before digging.
1-2 80884013
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
Swing Hazards
OAC0340
• Keep others away from machine while in operation. Ensure others are clear of
the swing radius prior to swinging upperstructure.
• Never carry a water can, equipment, or other worker’s tools or personal items on
the machine.
• Never permit anyone close enough to machine to become trapped between
undercarriage and upperstructure.
• Position machine to prevent possibility of a person being crushed between
counterweight and another object.
• Do not allow anyone inside the cab(s) (other than the operator) while in
operation.
• Always be careful when using mirrors; distances are distorted and field of view is
limited, especially when swinging. Always use a signal person when working in
tight quarters.
• Be aware of undercarriage cab, if equipped, and undercarriage components
when swinging upperstructure or digging. Position unit so that it won’t be
necessary to swing boom close to cab or undercarriage components.
80884013 1-3
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
OAC1240
• The circle of safety is a circle around the excavator with the boom at full
extension.
• Establish and inform others of the circle of safety. Keep others from entering into
the circle of safety.
1-4 80884013
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
Slip and Fall Hazard
OAC0350
• Always maintain 3-point contact using proper hand holds and steps provided
when mounting or dismounting. Never grab control levers or steering wheel when
mounting or dismounting machine.
• Repair or replace damaged steps and grab handles.
• Keep grab handles, steps, and walkways free of mud, oil, grease and other
foreign material. Replace non-skid surface material as required.
• Do not get off machine until shutdown procedure has been performed.
• Align upperstructure with undercarriage before dismounting.
OAC0360
• Keep others off machine while in operation.
• Do not lift personnel with this machine.
80884013 1-5
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
Crush Hazards
OAC1250
• Do not lean on boom or reach into boom holes, bucket linkage or boom rollers
until the attachment or boom is resting on the ground and the engine is stopped.
• Be sure all access covers are in the fully open position before performing any
procedures inside compartments.
OAC0570
• Stay clear of moving parts while engine is running.
• Rotation of undercarriage cab steering wheel will occur during remote steering
operation. Do not occupy undercarriage cab during remote operation.
1-6 80884013
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
OAC1020
• Never permit anyone under boom, attachment or load. Rest boom or attachment
on ground and stop engine before permitting anyone to work beneath boom or
behind cradle.
80884013 1-7
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
Travel Hazards - Remote and Driving
OAC0710
• Look out for and avoid other personnel, machinery and vehicles in the area. Use
a spotter if you do not have a clear view.
• Before moving be sure of a clear path for undercarriage, boom and
counterweight and sound horn.
• Always look in the direction of travel.
• Before remote travel, check to be sure you are aware of orientation of
upperstructure with regard to undercarriage. Confusion could cause travel in
the opposite direction you may expect.
OH20911 OH2291
• Always wear seat belt.
• Keep head, arms and other body parts inside cab at all times.
• Maintain proper tire pressure at all times.
• Inspect brakes before driving undercarriage after digging. See page 3-34 for
details.
• When machine is operating or driving on public roadways, comply with all local,
state and federal restrictions.
• When driving, ensure boom and attachment are properly secured and
positioned for maximum visibility and adequate clearances. Know the overall
height of the machine.
• Always check overhead and side boom clearances carefully before driving.
Position attachment/load to clear obstacles.
• Never drag boom or attachment while moving unit.
1-8 80884013
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
Tip Over Hazard
• Understand how to properly use the capacity chart located in cab. Do not
exceed rated lift capacity. Plan the lift to be sure it can be performed safely.
• Maintain proper tire pressure at all times.
• Do not depend on machine tipping as a warning of overload. Some load ratings
are based on hydraulic lift capacity, not stability.
• Do not increase hydraulic relief settings to lift a load.
• Sudden swing braking can cause unexpected movement of the load and tip the
machine.
• Tether suspended loads to restrict movement.
OAC0670
• Never pass load line over open bucket. Relief valves in bucket circuit could cause
unexpected, dangerous movement of the load. Bucket linkage could also be
damaged.
• Be sure the surface excavator is on is firm enough to support unit and allows for
adequate traction.
• Select low travel speed for off-highway grade travel. See “Right Hand Arm Pod”
on page 2-34.
• Do not travel over excessively steep slopes or excessively rough terrain.
• No load in bucket, attached to boom or any other part of machine during off-
highway grade travel.
• Front axle lock cylinders automatically unlock during travel. Do not travel with
load over side.
• Shutting off engine will cause front axle lock cylinders to unlock. Place load on
ground before shutting off engine.
80884013 1-9
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
Chemical Hazards
Exhaust Fumes
• DO NOT operate machine in an enclosed area without proper ventilation.
• DO NOT operate the machine in hazardous environments unless approved for
that purpose by Gradall and site owner. Sparks from the electrical system and
the engine exhaust can cause an explosion.
• If spark arrestors are required, be sure they are in place and in good working
order.
Flammable Fuel
OW0300
• DO NOT fill the fuel tank or service the fuel system near an open flame, sparks
or smoking materials. Engine fuel is flammable and can cause a fire and/or
explosion.
Operating, servicing and maintaining this equipment
WARNING can expose you to chemicals including gasoline, diesel
OW0021
fuel, lubricants, petroleum products, engine exhaust,
carbon monoxide, and phthalates, which are known to
the State of California to cause cancer and birth
defects or other reproductive harm. To minimize exposure, avoid breathing exhaust,
do not idle the engine except as necessary, service your vehicle in a well-ventilated
area and wear gloves or wash your hands frequently when servicing your vehicle.
Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds,
chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other
reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov. This
website, operated by California's Office of Environmental Health Hazard
Assessment, provides information about these chemicals and how individuals may
be exposed to them.
1-10 80884013
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
Hydraulic Fluid
OAC1260
• DO NOT use your hand to check for leaks. Use a piece of cardboard or paper
to search for leaks. Wear appropriate equipment to protect yourself from spraying
fluid. If fluid is injected into the skin seek medical attention immediately.
• Stop engine and relieve trapped pressure before loosening any hydraulic fitting.
Hydraulic oil is under enough pressure that it can penetrate the skin.
• DO NOT attempt to repair or tighten any hydraulic hoses or fittings while the
engine is running or when the hydraulic system is pressurized.
OAC0960
• Relieve pressure from the hydraulic reservoir using the vent valve near the
reservoir breather before loosening the filter lid or cover.
80884013 1-11
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
Battery
OAC1270
• Keep sparks, flames and lighted material away from batteries. Explosive gases
could cause death or serious injury.
Dust Hazard
OAC0660
• Repeated or substantial breathing of hazardous dusts, including crystalline silica,
could cause fatal or serious respiratory disease including silicosis. Concrete,
masonry, many types of rock, and various other materials contain silica sand.
California lists respirable crystalline silica as a substance known to cause cancer.
Operation of this equipment under certain conditions may generate airborne dust
particles that could contain crystalline silica. In those conditions personal
protective equipment including an appropriate respirator must be used. If
excessive dust is generated, a dust collection or suppression system should also
be used during operation.
1-12 80884013
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
1.4 PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
Wear all the protective clothing and personal safety devices issues to you or called
for by job conditions. You may need:
• Hard hat
• Safety shoes
• Safety glasses, goggles or face shield
• Heavy gloves
• Hearing protection
• Reflective clothing
• Wet weather gear
• Respirator or filter mask
Wear adequate clothing for the job conditions.
Always know where to get assistance in the case of an emergency. Know where to
find and how to use a first aid kit and fire extinguisher/fire suppression system.
80884013 1-13
Section 1 - General Safety Practices
NOTES:
1-14 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
SECTION 2 - PRE-OPERATION AND CONTROLS
2.1 PRE-OPERATION CHECKS & INSPECTION
Note: Complete all required maintenance before operating unit.
FALL HAZARD. Use extreme caution when checking
WARNING items beyond your normal reach. Use an approved
ladder. Failure to comply could result in death or
OW0021 serious injury.
Walk around inspection must be performed at beginning of each work shift or at
each change of operator.
Ensure all Safety decals are legible and in place. Clean or replace as required. Refer
to pages 2-5 through 2-7.
Before removing filler caps or fill plugs, wipe all dirt and grease away from the ports.
If dirt enters these ports, it can severely reduce component life.
When adding fluids, refer to “Product Specifications” on page 7-1 to determine
proper fluid type, and“Service & Maintenance Schedules” on page 5-3 for intervals.
80884013 2-1
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
2.2 WALK-AROUND INSPECTION
11 10 9 8 7 4 3 2 1
6 5
21
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
11 12 13 OAC2580
Begin your walk-around inspection at item 1, as noted below. Continue to your right,
checking each item in sequence.
INSPECTION NOTE: In addition to any other criteria mentioned, on all components:
• Ensure there are no loose or missing parts and that all parts are securely
fastened.
• Check for visible leaks and excessive wear.
• Inspect all structural members including attachment for cracks, excessive
corrosion and other damage.
1. Undercarriage Cab -
• General appearance; no visible damage; Operator & Safety manual located in
manual drawer.
• Grab handles and steps secure and clean.
• Window glass and mirrors clean and unobstructed. Adjust mirrors for
maximum visibility, before and during operation. Be sure windows and doors
are securely latched in open or closed position when operating. Replace
damaged latches immediately.
• Check seat belt for working condition damage, replace belt if frayed or cut
webbing, damaged buckles or loose mounting hardware.
2. Front Axle - Drag link undamaged; steer cylinder and oscillation lock cylinders
undamaged, not leaking; hydraulic hoses undamaged, not leaking; brakes
undamaged.
3. Wheel/Tire Assembly - No loose or missing lug nuts; proper inflation (see
page 5-26 for details). No damage to rims or tires; axle bolts torqued.
2-2 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
4. Hydraulic Reservoir - Recommended fluid level on sight gauge (see page 5-21
for instructions); filler/breather cap secure and working; oil is clear.
5. Air Tanks - Check for damage/leaks; open petcocks to eliminate condensation.
See page 5-25 for instructions.
6. Battery Box - Battery cables tight, no visible damage or corrosion. Battery box
cover properly latched. See page 5-28 for details.
7. Worklights- Clean, undamaged and aligned properly.
8. Upperstructure Cab -
• General appearance; no visible damage; Operator & Safety manual located in
manual drawer.
• Grab handles and steps secure and clean.
• Window glass and mirrors clean and unobstructed. Adjust mirrors for
maximum visibility, before and during operation. Be sure windows and doors
securely latch in open and closed position. Replace damaged latches
immediately.
• Check seat belt (if equipped) for damage, replace belt if frayed or cut
webbing, damaged buckles or loose mounting hardware.
9. Center Pin - See Inspection Note.
10. Wheel/Tire Assemblies - No loose or missing lug nuts; proper inflation (see
page 5-26 for details). No damage to rims or tires; axle bolts torqued.
11. Rear Axle(s)/Fenders - Check mud flaps for proper position and condition for
highway operation; brakes undamaged.
12. Wheel/Tire Assemblies - No loose or missing lug nuts; proper inflation (see
page 5-26 for details). No damage to rims or tires; axle bolts torqued.
13. Main Control Valve and Cover - See Inspection Note. Replace damaged latch
and weak access cover support strut immediately.
14. Tilt Gear - Properly lubricated.
15. Fuel Tank - Check fuel level, refill as required (see page 5-20 for instructions);
filler cap securely fastened.
16. Boom -
• Rollers properly adjusted; no visible damage to boom hoses
• Boom secure if machine is to be driven on highway.
17. DEF (Diesel Exhaust Fluid) Tank - Check DEF level, refill as required.
18. Air Cleaner - Air cleaner element condition indicator, check for clogged
condition. Replace element as required.
80884013 2-3
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
19. Engine Compartment -
• Engine crankcase, check oil level & refill as required.
• Check engine coolant level at overflow bottle and refill as required.Do not
remove the radiator cap. Be sure antifreeze solution is adequate for expected
temperatures. Be sure radiator and oil cooler fins are clean.
• Drive belt, check condition & replace as required.
• Engine cover properly latched and secured.
• Power steering fluid at proper level.
• Transmission fluid - no leaks.
20. Wheel/Tire Assembly - No loose or missing lug nuts; proper inflation (see
page 5-26 for details). No damage to rims or tires; axle bolts torqued.
21. Attachment - Properly installed.
2-4 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
2.3 SAFETY DECALS
Ensure all DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION and instructional decals and proper
capacity charts are legible and in place. Clean and replace as required.
Upperstructure Decal Locations
80509018
80509015 80509007
80509015
80509018
80803001 (XL3100V)
80703003 (XL4100V)
80509010 80509008 (XL5100V)
80509019
80503006
80509017
80509012 OAC0980
80884013 2-5
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
80509013
80509015
80509012
80509016
80509013
80373077
NO STEP
91143288
OAC2600
80509015
2-6 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Undercarriage Decal Locations
80503005
91143288
80509016
80509015
80509004
80509012
80783208
77383675
OAC1590
80884013 2-7
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
80509014
80509012
77373048
80509015
80213104
2-8 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
NOTES:
80884013 2-9
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
2.4 UNDERCARRIAGE CAB COMPONENTS
6
5 7
6 8
9
13
12
11
10
OAC1610
2-10 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
1. Turn Signal/High Beam/Hazards Lever: See page 2-28 for details.
2. Steering Wheel: Turn steering wheel to left or right to steer the machine in the
corresponding direction.
3. Horn Button: Depress button to sound horn.
4. Air Diffuser Vents
5. Defroster Vents
6. Air Vents
7. Right Hand Dash Panel: See page 2-23 for details.
8. Transmission Shift Selector: See “Shifting Gears” on page 3-10 for detailed
operating instructions.
9. Accelerator Pedal: Pressing the pedal down increases engine speed.
10. Manual Drawer: Keep Operator & Safety manual with machine at all times.
11. Brake Pedal: Depress to slow or stop machine.
12. Circuit Board and Fuse Box: See “Fuses” on page 7-9.
13. Dash Panel: See page 2-22 for details.
80884013 2-11
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
2.5 TRANSMISSION SHIFT SELECTOR
S M
E O
N
L I
E T
C O
T R
7 R MODE 2
6 N 3
5 D 4
OAC1700
1. Digital Display
2. Mode Button: Pushbutton used to access/navigate prognostics/diagnostics.
3. Up Arrow: Pushbutton upshifts transmission when pressed. Also used to
access/navigate prognostics/diagnostics.
4. Down Arrow: Pushbutton downshifts transmission when pressed. Also used to
access/navigate prognostics/diagnostics.
5. Drive: Pushbutton shifts transmission to “Drive” when pressed.
6. Neutral: Pushbutton shifts transmission to “Neutral” when pressed.
7. Reverse: Pushbutton shifts transmission to “Reverse” when pressed.
2-12 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Prognostic Features
If the wrench icon (1) illuminates briefly in the digital display (2) after ignition is
turned to the “RUN” position, then prognostics are enabled.
1 2
S M
E O
N
L I
E T
C O
T R
OAC1700
Oil Life Monitor
When fluid is due for a change, the wrench icon (1) is illuminated and remains solid
for two minutes after “Drive” is selected.
S M
E O
N
L I
E T
C O
T R
OAC1720
Filter Life Monitor
When the filter(s) is due for a change, the wrench icon (1) flashes on and off for two
minutes after “Drive” is selected.
S M
E O
N
L I
E T
C O
T R
OAC1730
Transmission Health Monitor
When clutch maintenance is due, the wrench icon (1) comes on and remains solid
during entire operational time of vehicle.
S M
E O
N
L I
E T
C O
T R
OAC1720
80884013 2-13
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Accessing Prognostics
When you are alerted via the wrench icon on the transmission shift selector that
service is due, you can check the status by toggling through the shift selector display
as follows. Be sure to park the vehicle on a level surface, shift to N (Neutral)
and apply park brake before accessing prognostics through the shift selector
Oil Life Monitor
Simultaneously press the Up and Down arrows (1) two times. “oM” appears followed
by a number from 99 to 0, which represents the percentage of oil life remaining
before a fluid change is required.
N
1
D
OAC1740
Filter Life Monitor
Simultaneously press the Up and Down arrows (1) three times. “FM” appears
followed by either “oK” or “Lo”. “oK” means filter(s) do not need changed and “Lo”
means filter(s) need changed.
N
1
D
OAC1750
Transmission Health Monitor
Simultaneously press the Up and Down arrows (1) four times. “TM” appears followed
by either “oK” or “Lo”. “oK” means no clutch maintenance is required, and “Lo”
means clutch maintenance is required.
N
1
D
OAC1760
2-14 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Resetting Prognostics
Oil Life Monitor
Press and hold Mode button (1) for approximately 10 seconds while in Oil Life
Monitor mode.
-Or-
Perform the following shift sequence with the ignition on but the engine off. Do
not stop the sequence for more than three seconds once you have started:
N-D-N-D-N-R-N.
R MODE
1
N
OAC1770
Note: A “99” will display verifying that Oil Life Monitor has been reset.
Filter Life Monitor
Press and hold Mode button (1) for approximately 10 seconds while in Filter Life
Monitor mode.
-Or-
Perform the following shift sequence with the ignition on but the engine off. Do
not stop the sequence for more than three seconds once you have started:
N-R-N-R-N-D-N.
R MODE
1
N
OAC1780
Note: The wrench icon will illuminate briefly and “oK” will display verifying Filter Life
Monitor has been reset.
Transmission Health Monitor
The wrench icon clears automatically when appropriate conditions are detected.
Transmission Health Monitor must be reset manually using Allison DOC™ after
correcting a clutch system issue.
80884013 2-15
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Checking Fluid Levels
Use the following procedure to display oil level information.
To enter the oil level function:
1. Park vehicle on a level surface, shift to N (Neutral) and apply the parking brake.
2. Simultaneously press the Up and Down arrows (1) one time.
N
1
D
OAC1790
3. The fluid level reading may be delayed until the following conditions are met:
Note: The indication of a delayed fluid level check is a flashing display and a
numerical countdown.
• Engine is at idle.
• The fluid temperature is between 60°C (140°F) and 104°C (220°F).
• Transmission is in N (Neutral)
• The vehicle has been stationary for approximately two minutes to allow the
fluid to settle.
• The engine is at idle (below 1000 rpm - not “fast” idle).
4. The shift selector displays the oil level data as follows:
• Correct Fluid Level - “oL” is displayed (“oL” represents “Fluid (Oil) Level Check”)
followed by “oK”. The “oK” display indicates the fluid is within the correct fluid
level zone. The sensor display and the transmission dipstick may not agree
exactly because the oil level sensor compensates for fluid temperature.
OAC1801
2-16 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
• Low Fluid Level - “oL” is displayed (“oL” represents “Fluid (Oil) Level Check”)
followed by “Lo” (“Lo” represents “Low Oil Level”) and the number of quarts the
transmission fluid is low.
OAC1810
Example: “oL Lo 02” indicates that 2 additional quarts of fluid will bring the fluid level
within the middle of the “oK” zone.
• High Fluid Level - “oL” is displayed (“oL” represents “Fluid (Oil) Level Check”)
followed by “HI” (“HI” represents “High Oil Level”) and the number of quarts the
transmission fluid is overfilled.
OAC1820
Example: “oL HI 01” indicates 1 quart of fluid above the full transmission level.
• Invalid For Display - If any of the previous conditions are not met, the shift
selector will display “oL” (“oL” represents “Fluid (Oil) Level Check”) followed by
“--” and a numberical display. The numerical display is a fault code and indicates
conditions are not proper to recieve the fluid level information or there is a system
malfunction. The fault codes that may be encountered are shown below:
DISPLAY FLUID LEVEL
FAULT CODE FAULT CODE DESCRIPTION
oL, - -, OX* Setting time too short
oL, - -, 50 or, EL Engine speed too low
oL, - -, 59 or, EH Engine speed too high
oL, - -, 65 or, SN Neutral must be selected
oL, - -, 70 or, TL Sump fluid temperature too low
oL, - -, 79 or, TH Sump fluid temperature too high
oL, - -, 89 or, SH Output speed high
oL, - -, 95 or, FL Oil level sensor failed** OAC1830
*A number between 8 and 1 that flashes during countdown period.
**Report sensor failure display to a distributor or dealer in your area.
TRANSMISSION DAMAGE. A low or high fluid level
can cause overheating and irregular shift patterns.
Incorrect fluid level can damage the transmission.
CAUTION
OW0031
• To exit Oil Level Function, press any range button (R, N, D).
80884013 2-17
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Diagnostic Codes
To enter the diagnostic code function:
1. Bring the vehicle to a complete stop and apply the parking brake.
2. Simultaneously press the Up and Down arrows (1) five times.
N
1
D
OAC1790
To read diagnostic codes in the digital display:
Diagnostic codes will appear two characters at a time. When the diagnostic function
is entered, the first code (position “d1”) is displayed as follows:
Example Code: P 07 22 Displayed as: d1, P, 07, 22
OAC1840
The Code Position (d1) is the first item displayed, followed by the Diagnostic Trouble
Code (DTC),** P, 07, 22. Each item is displayed for about one second. The display
cycles continuously until the next code list position is accessed by pressing the
“MODE” button.
For a detailed list of Diagnostic Transmission Codes, see page 2-19.
**Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) - The diagnostic trouble code number referring to
the general condition or area of fault detected by the TCM.
To clear diagnostic codes:
Press and hold the “MODE” button (1) for 10 seconds to clear both active and
inactive codes.
1
R MODE
OAC1850
Note: Be sure to record all codes displayed before they are cleared. This is
essential for troubleshooting. Begin operating as normal.
2-18 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Diagnostic Transmission Codes
DIAGNOSTIC CODE
CODE DESCRIPTION
C1312 RETARDER REQUEST SENSOR, FAILED LOW
C1313 RETARDER REQUEST SENSOR, FAILED HIGH
P0122 PEDAL POSITION SENSOR, LOW VOLTAGE
P0123 PEDAL POSITION SENSOR, HIGH VOLTAGE
P0218 TRANSMISSION FLUID OVER TEMPERATURE
P0602 TCM NOT PROGRAMMED
P0610 TCM VEHICLE OPTIONS (TRANSID) ERROR
P0613 TCM PROCESSOR
P0614 TORQUE CONTROL DATA MISMATCH - ECM/TCM
P0634 TCM INTERNAL TEMPERATURE TOO HIGH
P063E AUTO CONFIGURATION THROTTLE INPUT
NOT PRESENT
P063F AUTO CONFIGURATION ENGINE COOLANT TEMP
INPUT NOT PRESENT
P0658 ACTUATOR SUPPLY VOLTAGE1 (HSD1), LOW
P0659 ACTUATOR SUPPLY VOLTAGE1 (HSD1), HIGH
P0701 TRANSMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
P0702 TRANSMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM ELECTRICAL
(TRANSID)
P0703 BRAKE SWITCH CIRCUIT MALFUNCTION
P0708 TRANSMISSION RANGE SENSOR, HIGH
P070C TRANSMISSION FLUID SENSOR, LOW
P070D TRANSMISSION FLUID SENSOR, HIGH
P0711 TRANSMISSION FLUID TEMPERATURE SENSOR
PERFORMANCE
P0712 TRANSMISSION FLUID TEMPERATURE SENSOR, LOW
P0713 TRANSMISSION FLUID TEMPERATURE SENSOR, HIGH
P0716 TURBINE SPEED SENSOR PERFORMANCE
P0717 TURBINE SPEED SENSOR, NO SIGNAL
P0719 BRAKE SWITCH ABS, INPUT LOW
P071A RELS INPUT, FAILED ON
P071D GENERAL PURPOSE FAULT
P0721 OUTPUT SPEED SENSOR PERFORMANCE
P0722 OUTPUT SPEED SENSOR, NO SIGNAL
P0726 ENGINE SPEED SENSOR PERFORMANCE
P0727 ENGINE SPEED SENSOR, NO SIGNAL
P0729 INCORRECT 6TH GEAR RATIO
P0731 INCORRECT 1ST GEAR RATIO
P0733 INCORRECT 2ND GEAR RATIO
P0734 INCORRECT 3RD GEAR RATIO
P0735 INCORRECT 4TH GEAR RATIO
P0736 INCORRECT 5TH GEAR RATIO
OAC1860
80884013 2-19
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Diagnostic Transmission Codes, (cont’d)
P0741 TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH SYSTEM, STUCK OFF
P0776 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 2, STUCK OFF
P0777 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 2, STUCK ON
P0796 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 3, STUCK OFF
P0797 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 3, STUCK ON
P0842 TRANSMISSION PRESSURE SWITCH 1, LOW
P0843 TRANSMISSION PRESSURE SWITCH 1, HIGH
P088A DETERIORATED FILTER
P088B VERY DETERIORATED FILTER
P0880 TCM POWER INPUT SIGNAL
P0881 TCM POWER INPUT SIGNAL PERFORMANCE
P0882 TCM POWER INPUT SIGNAL, LOW
P0883 TCM POWER INPUT SIGNAL, HIGH
P0884 TRANSMISSION COMPONENT SLIPPING
P0897 TRANSMISSION FLUID AT LIMIT
P0960 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID MAIN MOD
CONTROL, OPEN
P0962 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID MAIN MOD
CONTROL, LOW
P0963 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID MAIN MOD
CONTROL, HIGH
P0964 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 2 CONTROL, OPEN
P0966 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 2 CONTROL, LOW
P0967 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 2 CONTROL, HIGH
P0968 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 3 CONTROL, OPEN
P0970 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 3 CONTROL, LOW
P0971 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 3 CONTROL, HIGH
P0973 SHIFT SOLENOID 1 CONTROL, LOW
P0974 SHIFT SOLENOID 1 CONTROL, HIGH
P0975 SHIFT SOLENOID 2 CONTROL, OPEN
P0976 SHIFT SOLENOID 2 CONTROL, LOW
P0977 SHIFT SOLENOID 2 CONTROL, HIGH
P0989 RETARDER PRESSURE SENSOR, FAILED LOW
P0990 RETARDER PRESSURE SENSOR, FAILED HIGH
P1739 INCORRECT LOW GEAR RATIO
P1891 THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR PWM SIGNAL, LOW
P1892 THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR PWM SIGNAL, HIGH
P2184 ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR, LOW
P2185 ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR, HIGH
P2637 TORQUE MANAGEMENT FEEDBACK SIGNAL (SEM)
P2641 TORQUE MANAGEMENT FEEDBACK SIGNAL (LRTP)
P2670 ACTUATOR SUPPLY VOLTAGE 2 (HSD2), LOW
P2671 ACTUATOR SUPPLY VOLTAGE 2 (HSD2), HIGH
P2685 ACTUATOR SUPPLY VOLTAGE 3 (HSD3), LOW
P2686 ACTUATOR SUPPLY VOLTAGE 3 (HSD3), HIGH
OAC1870
2-20 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
P2714 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 4, STUCK OFF
P2715 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 4, STUCK ON
P2718 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 4, STUCK OPEN
P2720 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 4 CONTROL, LOW
P2721 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 4 CONTROL, HIGH
P2723 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 1, STUCK OFF
P2724 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 1, STUCK ON
P2727 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 1 CONTROL, OPEN
P2729 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 1 CONTROL, LOW
P2730 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 1 CONTROL, HIGH
P2736 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 5 CONTROL, OPEN
P2738 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 5 CONTROL, LOW
P2739 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 5 CONTROL, HIGH
P2740 RETARDER OIL TEMPERATURE, HOT
P2742 RETARDER OIL TEMPERATURE SENSOR, LOW
P2743 RETARDER OIL TEMPERATURE SENSOR, HIGH
P2761 TCC PCS CONTROL, OPEN
P2763 TCC PCS CONTROL, HIGH
P2764 TCC PCS CONTROL, LOW
P278A KICKDOWN INPUT, FAILED ON
P2789 CLUTCH ADAPTIVE LEARNING AT LIMIT
P2793 GEAR SHIFT DIRECTION
P2808 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 6, STUCK OFF
P2809 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 6, STUCK ON
P2812 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 6 CONTROL, OPEN
P2814 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 6 CONTROL, LOW
P2815 PRESSURE CONTROL SOLENOID 6 CONTROL, HIGH
U0001 HIGH SPEED CAN BUS RESET COUNTER OVERRUN
(IESCAN)
U0010 CAN BUS RESET COUNTER OVERRUN
U0100 LOST COMMUNICATION WITH ECM/PCM (J1587)
U0103 LOST COMMUNICATION WITH GEAR SHIFT MODULE
(SHIFT SELECTOR) 1
U0115 LOST COMMUNICATION WITH ECM
U0291 LOST COMMUNICATION WITH GEAR SHIFT MODULE
(SHIFT SELECTOR) 2
U0304 INCOMPATIBLE GEAR SHIFT MODULE 1 (SHIFT
SELECTOR ID)
U0333 INCOMPATIBLE GEAR SHIFT MODULE 2 (SHIFT
SELECTOR ID)
U0404 INVALID DATA RECIEVED FROM GEAR SHIFT MODULE
(SHIFT SELECTOR) 1
U0592 INVALID DATA RECIEVED FROM GEAR SHIFT MODULE
(SHIFT SELECTOR) 2
OAC1880
80884013 2-21
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
2.6 UNDERCARRIAGE CAB CONTROLS & INDICATORS
Dash Panel
6 7
5
4
15 20
40
30 50
10
p si
1/2
4/4
20
50 75
60
5
RPM/X1000 25
8
O
150 200
50
500
10 0
10 70 30
3 INTERAXLE
DIFFERENTIAL
0
kPa
1000
150
FUEL
0 000000
MPH
80 0 0 00 00 0
HOURS 1/10
100
WATER
°F
250
10
12 14
16
40
60
80
9
FRONT AXLE
DRIVE
BATTERY 100
20
2 AXLE
DIFFERENTIAL O IL
P.S.I
10
WIPER
WASHER
1 PULL
TO APPLY
PARKING
BRAKE
PUSH TO
RELEASE
11
OAC1620
12
1. Parking Brake: See page 3-8 for details.
2. Differential Lock Switch: See page 3-11 for details.
3. Interaxle Differential Lock Switch (XL4100V & XL5100V only): See page 3-11
for details.
4. Dual Air Pressure Gauge: See “Service Brake” on page 3-5.
5. Fuel Gauge/DEF Level Indicator: Gauge for the fuel tank. LED indicator for
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) level. A low DEF warning light will illuminate red and
a pulsing alarm is activated to indicate Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) level is less
than 14%. Light will begin to blink 30 minutes after DEF level reaches less than
10% and engine torque will begin to derate.
6. Speedometer: Indicates undercarriage speed in miles per hour (mph).
7. Tachometer w/Engine Hourmeter: Tachometer indicates engine speed in
revolutions per minute (rpm). Hourmeter indicates total time of engine operation
in hours and tenths of hours.
8. Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge: Gauge for engine coolant temperature.
9. Engine Oil Pressure Gauge: Gauge for engine oil pressure.
10. Wiper/Washer Switch: Rotate switch clockwise to activate wiper. Press and hold
switch to activate washer. Rotate switch counterclockwise to turn off wiper.
11. Voltmeter: Gauge indicating battery voltage.
12. Front Axle Drive Switch (if equipped): See page 3-13 for details.
2-22 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Right Hand Dash Panel
1
2
6
4
9 5
10 OAC1630
1. Information Display Area: See page 2-25 for details.
2. Ignition: Key Activated. See page 2-27 for details.
3. Travel/Remote Switch: See “Travel/Remote Display Area” on page 2-24.
4. Fan Speed: Rotary switch for heater and air conditioner (if equipped).
5. Temperature Control: Adjustable rotary switch.
6. Light Switch: 3-position rocker switch. Depress top of switch to activate
headlights; depress bottom of switch to activate marker lights. Middle position is
‘OFF’.
7. Engine Brake Switch (if equipped): 3-position rocker switch. Depress top of
switch to activate compression brake; depress bottom of switch to activate
compression/exhaust brake. Middle position is ‘OFF’.
8. Travel/Remote Display Area: See page 2-24 for details.
9. Rotating Beacon Switch (if equipped): 3-position rocker switch. Depress top of
switch to activate high-pulse strobe; depress bottom of switch to activate low-
pulse strobe. Middle position is ‘OFF’.
10. A/C Switch (if equipped): On/Off switch.
80884013 2-23
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Travel/Remote Display Area
6
2 3 4
5
OAC1640
1. Parking Brake Indicator: Illuminates red to indicate parking brake is activated
(See page 3-8). Parking brake must be applied to start engine while in remote
control mode.
2. Neutral Gear Indicator: Illuminates green to indicate unit is in neutral gear.
Transmission must be in neutral gear to start engine in either remote control
mode or travel mode.
3. Pump PTO Indicator: Illuminates green to indicate main PTO (pump) is
engaged. PTO (pump) must be off to start engine in travel mode. PTO (pump)
must be engaged to start engine in remote control mode.
4. Motor PTO Indicator: Illuminates green to indicate PTO travel motor is engaged.
PTO must be engaged to propel machine in remote control mode.
5. Remote Control Active: Depress bottom of switch for remote (upperstructure)
operation.
6. Travel Mode Active: Depress top of switch for travel (undercarriage) operation.
2-24 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Information Display Area
1 2 3 4 5
14 CHASSIS UPPER
STOP KEY KEY
FRONT INTER
AXLE AXLE AXLE 6
DIFF DRIVE DIFF
13 12 11 10 9 8 7 OAC1650
Note: When ignition is turned to the “RUN” position (see page 2-27 for details), the
engine stop, check engine, and optional engine preheat displays illuminate for
approximately two seconds and then go off. At lower temperatures, the optional
engine preheat light may continue to illuminate until the intake manifold warms to
proper temperature.
1. Engine Stop Indicator: Illuminates red and a pulsing alarm is activated to
indicate excessive engine temperature or low engine oil pressure. Stop engine
immediately and repair before continued use.
2. Check Engine Indicator: Illuminates yellow to indicate an engine malfunction.
Stop engine and repair before continued use.
3. Engine Preheat Indicator (if equipped): Illuminates yellow to indicate grid
heaters are warming intake manifold to proper starting temperature.
4. Undercarriage Key Indicator: Illuminates green to indicate undercarriage
ignition key is in the “RUN” position (see page 2-27 for details).
5. Upperstructure Key Indicator: Illuminates green to indicate upperstructure
ignition key is in the “RUN” position (see page 2-44 for details).
6. Air Conditioning Indicator (if equipped): Illuminates green to indicate air
conditioner is activated.
7. Interaxle Differential Indicator (XL4100V & XL5100V only): Illuminates green to
indicate interaxle differential lock is engaged.
8. Torque Limiter Indicator: Illuminates yellow and an alarm is activated to indicate
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) level is low enough to begin engine torque deration.
If light is solid, engine torque is greater than 50%. If light is blinking, engine
torque is less than 50%.
9. Front Axle Drive Indicator (if equipped): Illuminates green if front axle drive is
activated.
80884013 2-25
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
10. Check Transmission Indicator: Illuminates yellow to indicate a problem has
been detected in the transmission and shifting may be restricted.
11. Axle Differential Lock Indicator: Illuminates green to indicate rear axle
differential lock is engaged (XL3100V). Illuminates green to indicate front rear
tandem axle differential lock is engaged (XL4100V & XL5100V).
12. Engine Brake Indicator (if equipped): Illuminates green if engine brake is
activated.
13. Rotating Beacon Indicator (if equipped): Illuminates green if beacon is
activated.
14. Low Air Indicator: Illuminates red to indicate air system pressure is below
minimum operating pressure. An audible alarm is also activated. Do not move
undercarriage while illuminated.
2-26 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Ignition
2
3
1 STOP
OAC0820
1. ACC: Voltage is available for all electrical functions.
2. OFF: Engine off.
3. RUN: Prohibits rotating key switch to position 4 in the event the engine does not
start. Rotate the key to position 2 then back to position 4 to re-engage the
starter.
4. START: Engine start.
80884013 2-27
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Turn Signal/High Beam/Hazards Lever
The turn signal/high beam/hazards lever (1) operates the turn signals, hazards and
low beam/high beam function for the headlights.
2 5
4
3
1
OAC0830
Turn Signal/Hazards
• Push the lever forward (2) to activate the right turn signal.
• Pull the lever back (3) to activate the left turn signal.
• Pull hazard switch (5) to activate hazards. Push lever (1) forward or back to
deactivate hazards.
Low Beam/High Beam
• Raise/lower the lever (1) to switch between low beam and high beam.
2-28 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
NOTES:
80884013 2-29
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
2.7 UPPERSTRUCTURE CAB COMPONENTS
4
3
11
2
10
6
12
9
OAC0470
2-30 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
1. Operator Seat: See “Operator Seat Adjustments” on page 2-43.
2. Left Hand Arm Pod: See page 2-36 for details.
3. Foot Pedals: See “Driving Undercarriage from Upperstructure Cab” on
page 3-19.
4. Left Hand Joystick: See “Joystick Controls” on page 2-39.
5. Manual Drawer (located under operator seat): Keep Operator & Safety manual
with machine at all times.
6. Electronic Monitoring Unit: See page 2-32 for details.
7. Circuit Board and Fuse Box: See “Fuses” on page 7-9.
8. Right Hand Joystick: See “Joystick Controls” on page 2-39.
9. Right Hand Arm Pod: See page 2-34 for details.
10. Air Vents
11. Control Cut Out Lever: See “Activating the Joysticks” on page 2-39.
12. 12-Volt Accessory Outlet: A cigarette lighter is provided. The receptacle can be
used to power an auxiliary 12 VDC device equipped with the appropriate
adapter.
80884013 2-31
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
2.8 UPPERSTRUCTURE CAB CONTROLS & INDICATORS
Electronic Monitoring Unit
2
1
3
4
5
16
15 6
14
7
13 8
12 9
10
11
OAC1660
Note: When key is turned to the “RUN” position (see page 2-44 for details), the
engine stop, check engine, and optional engine preheat displays illuminate for
approximately two seconds and then go off. Depending on the temperature, the
optional engine preheat light may continue to illuminate until the intake manifold
warms to proper temperature.
1. Fuel Level Indicator: Illuminates red if fuel level falls below 25% of capacity.
2. Mini Siren: Pulsing sound indicates engine shutdown has been initiated -
Steady sound indicates low air system pressure or a travel lockout condition.
3. Hydraulic Oil Level Indicator: Illuminates red if oil level falls below acceptable
operating level.
4. Hydraulic Filter Indicator: Illuminates red to indicate hydraulic reservoir filter
needs replaced. See page 5-23 for details.
5. DEF Level Indicator: Illuminates red to indicate Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) level
is less than 14%. Light will begin to blink 30 minutes after DEF level reaches
less than 10% and engine torque will begin to derate.
6. Travel Lockout Indicator: Illuminates yellow if travel motor or range gear is not
engaged. An audible alarm is also activated.
7. Parking Brake Indicator: Illuminates red to indicate the parking brake is applied.
8. Engine Preheat Indicator (if equipped): Illuminates yellow to indicate grid
heaters are warming intake manifold to proper starting temperature.
2-32 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
9. Check Engine Indicator: Illuminates yellow to indicate a malfunction. Stop
engine and repair before continued use.
10. Joystick Control Pattern Selection Switch: See “Joystick Control Pattern
Selection” on page 2-38.
11. Ignition: Key Activated. See page 2-44 for details.
12. Torque Limiter Indicator: Illuminates yellow to indicate Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF) level is low enough to begin engine torque deration. If light is solid,
engine torque is greater than 50%. If light is blinking, engine torque is less than
50%.
13. Engine Stop Indicator: Illuminates red and a pulsing alarm is activated to
indicate excessive engine temperature or low engine oil pressure. Stop engine
immediately and repair before continued use.
14. Low Air Indicator: Illuminates red to indicate air system pressure is below
minimum operating pressure. An audible alarm is also activated. Do not move
undercarriage while illuminated.
15. Check Transmission Indicator: Illuminates red to indicate a problem has been
detected in the transmission and shifting may be restricted.
16. Hydraulic Oil Temperature Indicator:
• Flashes red to indicate below normal hydraulic oil operating temperature.
Operate machine at reduced engine rpm & pump flow until display no longer
flashes.
• Illuminates red if hydraulic oil temperature is above safe operating
temperature.
80884013 2-33
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Right Hand Arm Pod
1
10 2
9 3
8 5
7 6
OAC0840
1. Engine Speed: Rotary switch. Rotate switch clockwise to increase engine rpm;
rotate counterclockwise to decrease engine rpm.
2. Mode Select Switch: Depress front of switch (I) for fine grade mode. Depress
back of switch (II) for dig mode.
3. Fan Speed: Rotary switch for heater and air conditioner fan.
4. Air Conditioning Switch: On/Off switch.
5. Travel Speed Switch: Depress front of switch for high travel speed. Depress
back of switch for low (creeper) travel speed.
Note: If travel speed is switched while unit is in motion, the machine will not shift to
selected travel speed until the travel pedal is released and digging brake is set.
6. Boom Lights Switch: On/Off switch.
7. Work Lights Switch: On/Off switch.
8. Intermittent Wiper/Washer Switch: See “Intermittent Wiper/Washer” on
page 2-45.
9. Temperature Control: Adjustable rotary switch.
2-34 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
10. Auto Idle Override Switch: Depress front of switch (I) to activate auto idle.
Depress back of switch (II) to deactivate auto idle.
• With auto idle activated, engine speed will return to low idle after 7 seconds of
hydraulic control inactivity. Once controls are activated, engine resumes
speed set by the operator.
• With auto idle deactivated, engine speed remains as set by the operator.
80884013 2-35
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Left Hand Arm Pod
1
OAC0850
1. Boom Tilt Speed Switch: Rotary switch. Rotate switch clockwise to decrease
boom tilt speed; rotate counterclockwise to increase boom tilt speed.
2. Park Brake Switch: See page 2-46 for details.
3. AM/FM Radio
2-36 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
NOTES:
80884013 2-37
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Joystick Control Pattern Selection
The control pattern selection switch allows the operator to select from three joystick
control patterns; GRADALL, SAE and JOHN DEERE. The pattern must be selected
with the ignition key in the “OFF” position. If a new pattern is selected while the
engine is running, it will not change until the engine is turned off then restarted.
When a control pattern is changed, the corresponding control decal must be
displayed in the cab.
GRADALL Control Pattern
GRADALL CONTROL
DECAL OVERLAY
80509021
8050 -9021
GRADALL
CONTROLS
AUX
OAC1670
SAE Control Pattern
SAE CONTROL DECAL
80509010
SAE CONTROLS
AUX
READ OPERATORS MANUAL
8050-9010
OAC1680
JOHN DEERE Control Pattern
JOHN DEERE CONTROL
DECAL OVERLAY
80509022
8050-9022
JOHN DEERE
CONTROLS
AUX
OAC1690
2-38 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Joystick Controls
Activating the Joysticks
The joysticks will remain locked/inactive until the control cut out lever (1) located on
the left hand arm pod (2) is moved to the unlocked/active position.
INACTIVE
2
ACTIVE
OAC0920
Joystick Control Patterns
Before operating, refer to the position of the joystick control pattern switch located on
the electronic monitoring unit to verify control pattern setting. Ensure the joystick
decal matches the machine controls before operating.
80884013 2-39
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
SAE Joystick Controls
AUX
1 3
OAC0890
Left Hand Joystick Functions
• Move the joystick back to retract boom; move joystick forward to extend boom.
Move joystick right to swing boom right; move joystick left to swing boom left.
• Attachment shake button (1) allows excess dirt or debris to be removed from the
boom attachment.
• For two simultaneous boom functions, move the joystick between quadrants. For
example, moving the joystick forward and to the left will extend and swing the
boom left simultaneously.
Right Hand Joystick Functions
• Move the joystick back to raise boom; move joystick forward to lower boom. Move
joystick right to open tool; move joystick left to close tool.
• Left-click boom tilt button (2) to tilt boom counterclockwise; right-click boom tilt
button (2) to tilt boom clockwise.
• Use fast tilt button (3) simultaneously with boom tilt button (2) to momentarily
increase boom tilt speed.
• For two simultaneous boom functions, move the joystick between quadrants. For
example, moving the joystick forward and to the left will lower the boom and close
the tool simultaneously.
2-40 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
GRADALL Joystick Controls
AUX
1 3
OAC0900
Left Hand Joystick Functions
• Move the joystick back to raise boom; move joystick forward to lower boom. Move
joystick right to close tool; move joystick left to open tool.
• Attachment shake button (1) allows excess dirt or debris to be removed from the
boom attachment.
• For two simultaneous boom functions, move the joystick between quadrants. For
example, moving the joystick forward and to the left will lower boom and open
tool simultaneously.
Right Hand Joystick Functions
• Move the joystick back to retract boom; move joystick forward to extend boom.
Move joystick right to swing boom right; move joystick left to swing boom left.
• Left-click boom tilt button (2) to tilt boom counterclockwise; right-click boom tilt
button (2) to tilt boom clockwise.
• Use fast tilt button (3) simultaneously with boom tilt button (2) to momentarily
increase boom tilt speed.
• For two simultaneous boom functions, move the joystick between quadrants. For
example, moving the joystick forward and to the left will extend and swing the
boom left simultaneously.
80884013 2-41
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
JOHN DEERE Joystick Controls
AUX
1 3
OAC0910
Left Hand Joystick Functions
• Move the joystick back to raise boom; move joystick forward to lower boom. Move
joystick right to swing boom right; move joystick left to swing boom left.
• Attachment shake button (1) allows excess dirt or debris to be removed from the
boom attachment.
• For two simultaneous boom functions, move the joystick between quadrants. For
example, moving the joystick forward and to the left will lower and swing boom
left simultaneously.
Right Hand Joystick Functions
• Move the joystick back to retract boom; move joystick forward to extend boom.
Move joystick right to open tool; move joystick left to close tool.
• Left-click boom tilt button (2) to tilt boom counterclockwise; right-click boom tilt
button (2) to tilt boom clockwise.
• Use fast tilt button (3) simultaneously with boom tilt button (2) to momentarily
increase boom tilt speed.
• For two simultaneous boom functions, move the joystick between quadrants. For
example, moving the joystick forward and to the left will extend boom and close
the tool simultaneously.
2-42 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Operator Seat Adjustments
2
1
6
TILT SPEED
5
READ OPERATORS MANUAL OAC2590
Prior to starting engine adjust seat for position and comfort.
1. Upper Seat Fore and Aft Adjustment Control
2. Weight Adjustment Control
3. Lower Seat Fore and Aft Adjustment Control
4. Height Adjustment Control
5. Lumbar Adjustment Control
6. Seat Back Adjustment
80884013 2-43
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Ignition
2
3
1 STOP
OAC0820
1. ACC: Voltage is available for all electrical functions.
2. OFF: Engine off.
3. RUN: Prohibits rotating key switch to position 4 in the event the engine does not
start. Rotate the key to position 2 then back to position 4 to re-engage the
starter.
4. START: Engine start.
2-44 80884013
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Intermittent Wiper/Washer
1
5
3
4
OAC0930
1. OFF
2. DELAY: Rotating knob clockwise decreases delay.
3. LOW: Low wiper speed. No delay.
4. HIGH: High wiper speed. No delay.
5. WASHER: Press and hold switch to activate washer.
80884013 2-45
Section 2 - Pre-Operation and Controls
Park Brake Switch
OAC0940
• Park Brake Switch: This switch controls the application and release of the park
brake. Indicator light on electronic monitoring unit illuminates to indicate brake is
applied.
• With the engine running and the park brake switch in “OFF” position (1), park
brakes are disengaged. With switch in “ON” position (2), park brake is engaged
and transmission will not engage forward or reverse.
2-46 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
SECTION 3 - OPERATION
3.1 TRAVEL MODE ENGINE OPERATION
Starting Engine from Undercarriage Cab
1. Perform walk-around inspection on page 2-2
2. Apply the parking brake. Put transmission in neutral. Using the travel/remote
switch, select the travel position.
3. With throttle pedal in idle position, turn ignition to “ON” position. The Engine
Stop, Check Engine, and optional Preheat lights will illuminate for approximately
two seconds and go out.
4. Disengage interaxle differential lock (XL4100V & XL5100V only) and differential
lock for highway travel (refer to page 3-11 for procedure).
5. Verify PTO lights are not illuminated (drive motor disengaged).
6. When Optional Preheat light goes out, turn ignition switch clockwise to “START”
position. Notice!: The engine must not start or crank with the transmission in
gear. Release key immediately when engine starts. If engine does not start after
three attempts, check fuel supply system.
7. After engine starts, observe oil pressure gauge. If gauge remains on zero for
more than 15 seconds, stop engine and determine cause. Correct before
restarting engine.
8. Operate engine at idle speed for three to five minutes before operating with a
load. Increase engine speed slowly.
Normal Engine Operation
• Observe gauges frequently to be sure all engine systems are functioning
properly.
• Be alert for unusual noises or vibration. When an unusual condition is
noticed, park machine in a safe position and perform shut-down procedure. See
“Travel Mode Engine Shutdown” on page 3-14 or “Remote Mode Engine
Shutdown” on page 3-33. Report condition to your supervisor or maintenance
personnel.
• Avoid prolonged idling. If the engine is not being used, turn it off.
80884013 3-1
Section 3 - Operation
Cold Weather Starting Aids
• It is the owners responsibility to determine proper use of starting aid with
regard to engine and starting aid manufacturer’s instruction.
• An ether starting aid may be used with this engine only if it does not have the
optional grid heater.
ENGINE EXPLOSION. If your excavator is equipped
with a cold start aid, do not spray additional ether into
air cleaner. If machine is not equipped with cold start
CAUTION
OW0031
aid, follow instructions listed in the engine manual
supplied with the excavator. Failure to comply may
result in death or serious injury.
3-2 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
3.2 CHECKS BEFORE UNDERCARRIAGE OPERATION
This section outlines the checks to be performed at the beginning of each work shift
or at each change of operator. Refer to page 3-34 for procedure to check brakes
after remote control operation and digging. Repair any deficiencies before driving or
operating the equipment.
1. Check all lights and turn signals, defroster, windshield wiper and washer for
proper operation.
2. Check park brake and service brakes to ensure they are working properly.
3. Check operation of steering while moving slowly in first gear. Be alert for any
increase in effort needed to turn wheels and any unusual steering response to
normal steering effort.
4. Check operation of horn, back-up alarm, and any other signal devices. Must be
audible from inside operator’s cab with the engine running.
5. Observe oil pressure gauge with engine running at operating temperature and
speed.
6. Observe voltmeter indication of alternator output. Proper output is
approximately 24 V. with engine running at 2000 RPM (without optional grid
heaters active).
7. Observe water temperature gauge. Proper operating temperature is
approximately 160-210°F (71-104°C).
8. Observe low air warning light. Light should continue to illuminate and an audible
alarm will sound until brake system pressure reaches approximately 60 psi.
Proper brake system pressure is 60-125 psi. Do not release parking brake or
move undercarriage while low air warning light is illuminating.
80884013 3-3
Section 3 - Operation
3.3 TRAVEL MODE BRAKE SYSTEM
The air brake system includes service brakes, emergency brakes, parking brakes
and digging brakes.
NEW BRAKES. New brakes need increased stopping
CAUTION distance. Brake capability will improve after several
stops. Failure to stop may result in death or serious
OW0031 injury.
BRAKING HAZARDS. Always wear seat belt to avoid
WARNING being thrown from driver’s seat during braking
emergency.
OW0021
Do not “fan” the brake valve pedal. A long series of
rapid brake applications could reduce system pressure
to a point where effective service braking will be lost
until brake pressure is restored.
Do not operate undercarriage or upperstructure while
low air indicator is illuminated. If light comes on while
undercarriage is moving, stop in a safe area as soon
as possible. If undercarriage will not maintain the
proper brake pressure, notify maintenance personnel
immediately for repair of condition.
3-4 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
Service Brake
• The operating pressure range for service brakes is 60-125 psi (414/862 kpa).
• A dual air pressure gauge (1) is furnished to indicate pressure in front and rear
portions of the system.
1
15 20
40
30 50
10
50 75 RPM/X1000 25
20 60
1
/2
psi
O 4/4 5 150 200
50
500
100
10 70 30
INTERAXLE kPa
DIFFERENTIAL 100 0
FUEL
0 000 000 80 0 0 00 00 0
100 250
WATER
0 1 50 MPH HOURS 1/10 °F
12 14 60
10 16
40 80
FRONT AXLE
DRIVE
BATTERY 20 100
AXLE
DIFFERENTIAL OIL
P.S.I
WIPER
WASHER
PULL
TO APPLY
PARKING
BRAKE
PUSH TO
RELEASE
OAC0520
• The red needle indicates pressure in tank #1 which supplies the front axle
brakes.
• The white needle indicates pressure in tank #2 which supplies the rear axle
brakes.
• If pressure in either portion of the system falls below safe operating range, the
low air indicator light will illuminate and an audible alarm will sound.
80884013 3-5
Section 3 - Operation
Emergency Brake
The emergency brake functions only when air pressure has been lost from the brake
system.
EMERGENCY BRAKE. Emergency brake will not stop
WARNING undercarriage in as short a distance as the service
brakes.
OW0021
XL3100V
EMERGENCY BRAKE APPLICATION EMERGENCY BRAKE APPLICATION
(pressure lost in front) (pressure lost in rear)
BRAKE PEDAL BRAKE PEDAL
(on floor) (on floor)
XL4100V & XL5100V
EMERGENCY BRAKE APPLICATION EMERGENCY BRAKE APPLICATION
(pressure lost in front) (pressure lost in rear)
BRAKE PEDAL BRAKE PEDAL
(on floor) (on floor)
• If air pressure is lost from the front portion of the dual brake system, normal
actuation of the brake pedal will apply service brakes to the wheels of rear axle.
There will be no braking of the wheels of the front axle.
• If air pressure is lost from the rear portion of the dual brake system, normal
actuation of the brake pedal will apply service brakes to the wheels of the front
axle and apply the spring brakes to the wheels of the rear axle.
3-6 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
XL3100V
EMERGENCY BRAKE APPLICATION
(pressure lost in front & rear)
Automatic
XL4100V & XL5100V
EMERGENCY BRAKE APPLICATION
(pressure lost in front & rear)
Automatic
• In the event air pressure is lost from the system, the spring brakes will begin to
apply as pressure drops to 60 psi (414 kpa) and there will be a complete
application when pressure decreases to 40 psi (276 kpa).
• Air pressure is required to release the spring brakes, therefore they will remain
ON until pressure can be restored.
80884013 3-7
Section 3 - Operation
Parking Brake
1
OAC0550
• Two parking brake controls are provided; one on undercarriage dashboard (1)
and another on left hand pod panel in the upperstructure (2). The switch in the
upperstructure cab is inoperative when in travel mode. Undercarriage park brake
must remain applied when in remote mode.
• Apply parking brake in undercarriage cab by raising parking brake control knob.
Knob will raise automatically if air pressure is lost from the system.
• Release parking brake by depressing parking brake control knob (system must
be pressurized to release parking brake).
3-8 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
NOTES:
80884013 3-9
Section 3 - Operation
3.4 TRAVEL MODE POWER TRAIN
Shifting Gears
The transmission is automatically shifted with 6 forward speeds plus reverse.
Ranges are selected by pressing and releasing the button for the desired range on
the Transmission Shift Selector. For example, press and release the “N” button to
select Neutral, the “D” button to select Drive, and the “R” button to select Reverse.
As vehicle speed increases, the transmission upshifts automatically through each
range. As the vehicle speed decreases, the transmission automatically downshifts to
the correct range.
You may also manually select a lower forward gear below the “D” position by pushing
the Down Arrow after selecting the Drive gear. The first number displayed in the
digital display is the highest forward range available and second number is range
attained in selected position.
Manual shifting can also be done by pressing the up and down arrow pushbuttons
on Transmission Shift Selector.
OAC1900
1. Transmission Shift Selector
2. Accelerator Pedal
3. Brake Pedal
3-10 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
15 20
40
30 50
10
50 75 RPM/X1000 25
20 60
1/
2
psi
O 4/4 5 150 200
50 100
10 70 30
1
500
INTERAXLE kPa
DIFFERENTIAL 1000
FUEL
0 000 000 80 0 0 00 00 0
100 250
WATE R
0 150 MPH HOURS 1/10 °F
12 14 60
10 16
40 80
FRONT AXLE
DRIVE
2
BATTERY 20 100
AXLE
DIFFERENTIAL OIL
P.S.I
WIPER
WASHER
PULL
TO APPLY
PARKING
BRAKE
PUSH TO
RELEASE
3 OAC0620
1. Interaxle Differential Lock Switch (XL4100V & XL5100V only): The interaxle
differential is controlled by a toggle lever mounted on the dashboard in the
undercarriage cab.
• With toggle in unlocked position, the front and rear tandem axles are
permitted to rotate at different speeds.
• Keep toggle in unlocked position when driving on good tractive conditions.
• With toggle in locked position, there is positive drive to the front and rear
tandem axles.
• Keep toggle in locked position when driving in poor tractive conditions (mud,
ice, snow or off-road travel). Use lock position for remote control travel.
• The interaxle differential may be locked when traveling but NEVER when the
wheels have lost traction and are spinning.
• If shifting interaxle differential while traveling, release accelerator first.
.
DIFFERENTIAL DAMAGE. Serious damage will occur
if interaxle differential is shifted while wheels are
spinning.
CAUTION
OW0031
2. Differential Lock Switch: The differential lock can be engaged (locked) ONLY
when the interaxle differential has been engaged.
80884013 3-11
Section 3 - Operation
Differential Lock
Normally, differential lock will engage and disengage immediately in response to
lock/unlock toggle; however, differential “wind-up”, or misalignment can delay
engagement/disengagement. In this event, reversing direction of travel and/or
operation of steering while traveling may relieve differential “wind-up”. Indicator light
shows actual state of lock engagement/disengagement.
• The differential can be locked or unlocked when the vehicle is standing still or at
a constant low speed when wheels are not slipping. Notice!: Engaging the
differential lock while the wheels are slipping may cause damage to the
differential.
• Lock the differential and operate the vehicle only at low speeds on poor road or
highway surfaces or when digging over the side.
• When differential is locked, the turning radius will increase.
• Unlock the differential when need for maximum traction has passed or when
traveling on good surface.
• Do not lock differential when the vehicle is traveling down steep grades and
traction is minimal. Potential loss of stability can result.
Locking the Differential: When encountering poor traction conditions, perform the
following:
1. While stopped or traveling straight at a constant speed and no wheels slipping,
move differential lock toggle to locked position.
2. Let up momentarily on accelerator allowing differential to fully lock.
3. When differential is fully engaged, the indicator light will illuminate.
Unlocking the Differential: After poor conditions have passed, perform the
following:
1. Move differential toggle to unlock position.
2. Let up momentarily on accelerator allowing the differential to fully unlock.
3. When differential lock is fully disengaged, the indicator light will no longer
illuminate.
3-12 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
3. Front Axle Drive Switch (if equipped):
To Engage:
• Stop machine.
• Move toggle lever on dash to the “I” position.
Notice!: Engaging front axle drive while undercarriage is moving will damage
transfer case. Stop undercarriage before engaging front axle drive.
To Disengage:
• Stop machine
• Move toggle lever on dash to the “O” position.
Notice!: Do not drive on improved/hard surfaces with front axle engaged. Drive line
damage may occur.
80884013 3-13
Section 3 - Operation
3.5 TRAVEL MODE ENGINE SHUTDOWN
MACHINE ROLL-AWAY HAZARD. Always move park
brake switch to "ON" position and stop engine before WARNING
leaving cab. OW0021
When parking the excavator, park in a safe location on flat level ground and away
from other equipment and/or traffic lanes.
From Undercarriage Cab:
1. Apply the park brake.
2. Shift transmission to neutral.
3. Operate engine at low idle for 3 to 5 minutes. DO NOT rev engine.
4. Turn key to “OFF” position and remove.
5. Exit excavator maintaining 3-point contact.
6. Chock wheels (if necessary).
3-14 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
3.6 REMOTE CONTROL PREPARATION
Preparing Undercarriage for Remote Control Operation
Remote travel is to be used for positioning unit at job site, not for over-the-road
driving. After reaching job site, perform the following to prepare undercarriage for
remote control operation:
1. Stop the machine in a safe level area.
2. Apply the parking brake.
3. Engage axle and interaxle differential lock (refer to page 3-11 for procedure;
interaxle differential lock applies to XL4100V & XL5100V only). Front axle drive
may be selected (if equipped).
4. Put transmission in neutral.
5. When both sections of air system reach at least 100 psi, stop engine. Key must
be in “OFF” position for remote operation.
6. Depress remote portion of travel/remote switch.
7. Proceed to upperstructure cab.
Preparing Upperstructure for Remote Control Operation
All instructions on undercarriage cab remote control decal must be followed before
starting machine in remote operation.
1. Place control cut out lever in locked/inactive position (refer to page 2-39).
2. Turn ignition switch to “RUN” position.
OAC0700
3. The three monitor lights shown above should illuminate and then go out.
4. Turn ignition switch to “START” position to start engine and/or engage hydraulic
pump. If engine fails to start, turn ignition switch to “OFF” position and repeat
steps 2 through 4. If starter will not engage to crank engine, check for proper
park brake and gearshift positions in the undercarriage cab and verify that the
joystick activation lever is in the locked/inactive position.
5. Operate engine at full throttle for upperstructure operation.
6. Position control cut out lever in the unlocked/active position to activate and
engage joystick controls and pedals in remote operation.
80884013 3-15
Section 3 - Operation
3.7 CHECKS BEFORE REMOTE CONTROL OPERATION
This section outlines the checks to be performed at the beginning of each work shift
or at each change of operator. Repair any deficiencies before driving or operating
the equipment. During warm-up period, check the following:
• Ensure digging brakes and park brake function properly before moving
undercarriage in remote control.
• Be sure travel alarm and horn function properly. Both must be audible from the
cab with engine running.
• Check to ensure control pattern decal matches joystick controls.
• Make sure all boom and attachment functions operate smoothly and correctly.
• Forward and reverse travel, digging brakes, and steering operate correctly.
• Swing the upperstructure left and right and ensure the swing brake functions
properly.
• Make sure the engine does not start with the control cut out lever in the lowered
position.
• Check to ensure the engine functions properly and the lights and indicators
located in the upperstructure cab are functioning.
3-16 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
3.8 REMOTE MODE BRAKE SYSTEM
Remote Control Braking
REMOTE CONTROL BRAKING. Allow sufficient time
for full brake system pressure 125 psi (862 kpa) to
develop before operating unit in remote control. Low
WARNING
OW0021
air light indicator will turn off when pressure reaches
60 psi.
Always apply upperstructure parking brake before
leaving upperstructure cab.
• With the travel/remote switch in remote position, the digging brake will set and
release as travel pedal in upperstructure is actuated and released.
• Under certain circumstances the upperstructure park brake switch doubles as an
emergency brake. If the automatic digging brake fails to apply when travel pedal
is released, move upperstructure park brake switch to apply brakes. Notify
maintenance personnel immediately for repair of digging brakes before
continued operation.
80884013 3-17
Section 3 - Operation
Digging Brake
When in remote mode, the digging brakes are automatically applied upon releasing
the travel pedal.
• When activated, the digging brake is applied to all wheels to hold the
undercarriage stationary while the excavator is digging.
• Apply digging brake by moving travel/remote switch to remote position and
turning on upperstructure ignition key.
• Release digging brake by moving travel/remote switch to travel position and
turning undercarriage ignition key to “ON” position.
3-18 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
3.9 REMOTE MODE POWER TRAIN
Driving Undercarriage from Upperstructure Cab
Remote travel is possible at all times except when indicated by an audible alarm and
the travel lockout symbol being illuminated on the monitor. When this condition
exists, the directional travel pedal must be slowly and carefully activated in both
directions until the light and alarm turn off. This allows proper gear mesh within the
transmission. The dig brakes will not release while this light is on.
Note: Abrupt engagement of the remote travel pedal while this light is on will
damage the transmission!
Never tow a load using remote control drive.
Operate the engine at full throttle. Undercarriage speed is controlled by travel speed
switch position and amount of travel pedal actuation.
1 2
OAC0630
1. Travel Pedal: The travel pedal (1) controls undercarriage travel; with boom
positioned over front of machine, depress front of pedal to travel forward or rear
of pedal to travel in reverse. Undercarriage travel alarms and back-up lights will
activate when travel pedal is depressed. The digging brake is automatically
released when the pedal is depressed and applied when the pedal is released.
Release pedal gently for a smooth stop. Pedal returns to a neutral position
when released. Keep in mind the position of upperstructure in relation to
undercarriage.
80884013 3-19
Section 3 - Operation
UNEXPECTED DIRECTION OF TRAVEL. Before
WARNING remote travel, check to be sure you are aware of
OW0021 orientation of upperstructure with regard to
undercarriage. Confusion could cause travel in the
opposite direction you are expecting.
Note: Engage park brake to stop undercarriage if automatic digging brake fails.
2. Steering Pedal: The steering pedal (2) controls right and left turns; with boom
positioned over front of machine, depress left side of pedal to turn left or right
side of pedal to turn right. Pedal returns to neutral position when released. Keep
in mind the position of upperstructure in relation to undercarriage.
Undercarriage travel alarms and back-up lights will activate when steer pedal is
depressed. NOTE: Due to varying conditions of front axle load and ground
conditions, steering may be restricted until unit is in motion.
3. Foot Rests: The foot rests (3) are located in the cab as shown in illustration.
Shifting Gears While in Remote Control
Using the travel speed switch on the right hand pod panel (see page 2-34 for
location), it is possible to shift between low and high range from the upperstructure
cab. If travel speed is switched while unit is in motion, the machine will not shift to
selected travel speed until the travel pedal is released and digging brake is set.
To Shift Gears:
• Stop Machine
• Toggle the travel speed switch to the desired gear range. Refer to page 3-19 if an
audible alarm sounds and the travel lockout symbol illuminates.
3-20 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
3.10 STEERING SYSTEM
Notice!: Use of power steering while undercarriage is stopped causes unnecessary
stress on system components and may cause serious damage to system. Holding
steering wheel or remote steering pedal in full turn position will cause system to
overheat. This may cause steering pump to fail.
POWER STEERING FAILURE. In the event power
steering fails, stop as soon as possible. Do not drive
unit until problem has been corrected.
WARNING
OW0021
When differential lock is engaged (rear axle shafts locked together), the turning
radius will become greater.
80884013 3-21
Section 3 - Operation
3.11 TYPICAL DIG CYCLE
Standard SAE Boom and Attachment Functions
Prepare for boom and attachment function:
1. Position unit for efficient attachment usage. Notice!: While digging, pay close
attention to boom position in relation to undercarriage components. In certain
instances it is possible for the boom to come into contact with the
undercarriage.
2. Stop engine and secure door and windows in desired position for ventilation.
Remove boom tie down chain from boom.
3. Perform checks before remote control operation located on page 3-16. Set
engine to full throttle position.
4. Be certain control cut out lever is in down position to energize joysticks and foot
pedals.
UNEXPECTED MOVEMENT. Test your controls before
operating. If controls have been changed to another
pattern, be sure you are familiar with the functions and
WARNING
OW0021
ensure that the diagram in the cab shows the actual
pattern in use. Alternate patterns are located in the
operator cab in the manual compartment. If you do not
have the proper control decal, do not change the
control pattern.
3-22 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
AUX
1
OAC0560
Joystick controls standard SAE control pattern. If tilt speed has been reduced for
conditions, speed can be temporarily increased by depressing fast tilt button (1).
Note: Practice with controls in a safe, open area. Joysticks and pedals return to
neutral position when released.
1. Pull back on right joystick (A) to raise boom far
enough to clear all obstructions.
80884013 3-23
Section 3 - Operation
2. Move left joystick to left (G) to swing left or to
right (H) to swing right.
3. While pushing left joystick forward (F) to
extend boom, push right joystick forward (B) to
lower boom into position for start of cut.
4. Move right joystick to right (C) to open bucket
or to left (D) to close bucket for correct
penetration. Teeth should angle downward
slightly (about 5 degrees). Angle may be
greater for soft digging.
3-24 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
5. If required, press left side of tilt switch (I) to tilt
counterclockwise or right side of switch (J) to
tilt clockwise. If necessary, use fast tilt button
to return to fast tilt.
6. While pushing forward on right joystick (B) to
lower boom and force bucket into ground, pull
back on left joystick (E) to retract boom and fill
bucket.
7. As bucket is filling, jog right joystick forward
(B) to lower boom and maintain depth of cut.
At same time jog right joystick to right (C) to
open bucket and maintain proper bucket
angle.
80884013 3-25
Section 3 - Operation
8. When bucket is full, or when boom is fully
retracted, move right joystick to left (D) to
close bucket. At same time pull right joystick
back (A) to raise boom far enough to clear
obstructions.
9. Move left joystick to right (H) to swing right or
to left (G) to swing left to dump site. If
necessary, extend boom by pushing left
joystick forward (F).
10. Move right joystick to right (C) to open bucket
and dump load.
3-26 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
11. Move left joystick to left (G) or right (H) to align
boom for next cut. Repeat steps 3 through 11.
80884013 3-27
Section 3 - Operation
3.12 LIFTING & PLACING A LOAD
LIFTING & POSITIONING LOADS. Failure to plan a
lift properly could result in death or serious injury. WARNING
The automatic boom tilt brake will not prevent boom OW0021
from tilting in response to an external load. Load must
be centered under bucket adapter with boom level
from side to side.
Precautions
• Use the lift capacity chart to calculate maximum load. Keep in mind, the
attachment weight and rigging must be added to the load, then compared to the
value on the lift capacity chart.
• If it becomes necessary to shut the engine off while positioning a load, place load
on the ground prior to shutting off engine.
• Be thoroughly familiar with excavator hand signals shown at the end of the
manual.
• Operate machine at full throttle and do not shut off engine with suspended load.
• Do not travel with suspended load positioned over the side of the machine.
OAC0670
• Suspend loads only as shown above. Passing load line over open bucket can
cause uncontrolled movement of load.
• To lift loads, level boom from side to side and close adapter fully against stops.
Pass through adapter as shown and be certain chain is locked on itself.
3-28 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
General
There is a lift capacity difference between the excavator’s best and worst lift
positions. Just because it can lift a load from one point does not mean it can safely
deliver the load to any other point.
Prior to lifting and placing a load, map out the lift, swing, and lower path to ensure
that capacity, both hydraulic and stability tipping limits, are not exceeded. The best
lifting position is over the rear with the excavator level and the boom fully retracted.
You must plan the lift based on the worst condition of the lift and delivery, not the
best. The worst condition can only be determined by performing an UNLOADED
TEST AND DELIVERY of the load.
Loads shown on chart in cab are hydraulic lift capacities with those in shaded area
indicating tipping limits. Exceeding these capacities can cause a relief valve to open
allowing the load to fall or in some cases, the machine to tip over.
Positioning Machine For A Lift
The machine must be on a firm, level surface when making a lift.
The shorter the load radius, the greater the lift capacity. Position the unit to minimize
boom extension and swing while keeping adequate distance from obstructions and
excavations.
Position machine to gain maximum visibility of load and delivery point. If conditions
do not permit a clear view, use a signal person.
80884013 3-29
Section 3 - Operation
Planning A Lift
Note: Lift capacities are based on machine being on a firm, level surface and also
no load being suspended beneath bucket adapter.
1. Determine the weight of the load including weight of slings, chains, bucket/
attachment (tool), and auxiliary lifting devices. Refer to lift capacity chart for
weight adjustment required for bucket.
2. Move the machine to the best position for making the lift.
3. Perform an unloaded trial run of lift to determine maximum boom height/depth
and load radius required to complete the lift.
4. Measure boom height/depth from hole in adapter to ground level (same level as
bottom of tire). Be sure to allow for length of chain and height of load.
OAC0680
MEASURE THIS DISTANCE 63 INCHES
5. Measure load radius from inner corner of frame at front of cab to vertical load
line (as shown above) and add distance to center of rotation (63 inches).
6. Refer to lift capacity chart column for required load radius. If required radius is
between columns, use column for next larger radius.
7. Check the appropriate capacities for required boom height/depth. The smaller
of these capacities is the maximum load permitted for lift conditions.
Note: To determine working load limits the operator must also consider wind,
hazardous conditions, experience of personnel and proper load handling.
3-30 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
3.13 LIFT CAPACITY
LOAD RADIUS
10’ (3.0m) 15’ (4.6m) 20’ (6.1m) 25’ (7.6m)
LOAD POINT HEIGHT MAXIMUM
OVER OVER OVER OVER OVER OVER OVER OVER RADIUS OVER OVER
END SIDE END SIDE END SIDE END SIDE END SIDE
5715 5715 27’ 4” 5070 5070
20’ (6.1m)
(2590) (2590) (8.3m) (2300) (2300)
12425 12425 8795 8795 6515 6515 29’ 5” 5120 5120
15’ (4.6m)
(5635) (5635) (3990) (3990) (2955) (2955) (9m) (2320) (2320)
ABOVE
9880 9880 7140 7140 30’ 6” 5230 5230
GROUND 10’ (3.0m)
(4480) (4480) (3240) (3240) (9.3m) (2370) (2370)
LEVEL 10080 10080 7255 7255
BOOM LEVEL 30’ 7” 5265 5265
8’ 7” (2.4m) (4570) (4570) (3290) (3290) (9.3m) (2390) (2390)
10290 10030 7415 7175 30’ 7” 5375 5195
5’ (1.5m)
(4665) (4550) (3365) (3255) (9.3m) (2440) (2355)
9815 9800 7265 7035 29’ 11” 5550 5310
AT GROUND LEVEL (4450) (3295) (3190) (9.1m) (2515) (2410)
(4445)
11090 11090 8705 8705 6745 6745 28’ 3” 5740 5725
5’ (1.5m)
(5030) (5030) (3950) (3950) (3060) (3060) (8.6m) (2605) (2595)
8500 8500 8630 8630 7365 7365 6010 6010 25’ 5” 5910 5910
BELOW 10’ (3.0m)
(3855) (3855) (3915) (3915) (3340) (3340) (2725) (2725) (7.7m) (2680) (2680)
GROUND 5840 5840 6640 6640 6075 6075 20’ 11” 5930 5930
LEVEL 15’ (4.6m)
(2650) (2650) (3010) (3010) (2755) (2755) (6.4m) (2690) (2690)
12’ 10” 4875 4875
20’ (6.1m)
(3.9m) (2210) (2210)
The above loads are in compliance with the SAE standard
J1097 DEC2005. They do not exceed 87% of hydraulic The load point is located on the bucket pivot point,
lifting capacity or 75% of tipping capacity. including loads listed for maximum radius.
Loads shown in shaded areas indicate the load is
limited by tipping rather than hydraulic lift capacity. Do not attempt to lift or hold any load greater than these
rated values at specified load radii and heights. The weight
The rated lift capacity is based on the machine being of slings and any auxiliary devices must be deducted from
equipped with 15,500 lb (7030 kg) counterweight, standard the rated load to determine the net load that may be lifted.
boom, standard tires, no auxiliary hydraulics, and no bucket.
Adjust the listed rated capacities by subtracting the value ATTENTION: All rated loads are based on the machine
listed for bucket/attachment used: being stationary and level on a firm supporting surface.
The user must make allowance for particular job conditions
8065-6007 60” (1.5 m) Ditching - 807 lbs. (366 kg) such as soft or uneven ground, out of level conditions, side
8065-6006 66” (1.7 m) Ditching - 892 lbs. (405 kg) loads, hazardous conditions, experience of personnel, etc.
8065-6002 72” (1.8 m) Ditching - 944 lbs. (428 kg) The operator and other personnel must read and understand
8045-6020 24” (610 mm) Excavating - 603 lbs. (274 kg) the operator manual before operating this machine. Rules
8045-6021 30” (762 mm) Excavating - 660 lbs. (300 kg) for safe operation of equipment must be adhered to at all
8045-6022 36” (914 mm) Excavating - 741 lbs. (336 kg) times.
8045-6023 42” (1.1 m) Excavating - 841 lbs. (382 kg)
8045-6024 48” (1.2 m) Excavating - 957 lbs. (434 kg)
8065-6013 72” (1.8 m) Dredging - 1114 lbs. (505 kg)
8065-6102 40” (1.0 m) Pavement - 1262 lbs. (573 kg)
8065-6024 8’ (2.4 m) Blade - 630 lbs. (285 kg)
8065-6009 Single Tooth Ripper - 557 lbs. (253 kg)
Note: Bucket adjustment values are 87% of the actual bucket weights.
OAC0690
Note: This is a sample capacity chart only! DO NOT use this chart, use the one
located in your operator cab.
80884013 3-31
Section 3 - Operation
The rated lift capacity is based on the machine being on flat, level ground and
equipped with standard boom and no bucket. Adjust the listed rated capacities on
capacity chart located in operator cab according to each bucket as shown:
Part Number Size Description Weight Adjustment
80656007 60" (1.5m) Ditching -807lbs. (366kg)
80656006 66" (1.7m) Ditching -892lbs. (405kg)
80656002 72" (1.8m) Ditching -943lbs. (428kg)
80456020 24" (610mm) Excavating -560lbs. (255kg)
80456021 30" (762mm) Excavating -660lbs. (300kg)
80456022 36" (914mm) Excavating -741lbs. (336kg)
80456023 42" (1.1m) Excavating -841lbs. (382kg)
80456024 48" (1.2m) Excavating -957lbs. (434kg)
80656013 72" (1.8m) Dredging -1114lbs. (505kg)
80656102 40" (1.0m) Pavement -1262lbs. (573kg)
80656024 8’ (2.4m) Blade -630lbs. (285kg)
80656009 24" Single Tooth Ripper -557lbs. (253kg)
Note: Bucket adjustment values are 87% of the actual bucket weights. Any weight
adjustment for Gradall buckets not shown can be calculated by multiplying actual
bucket weight by .87.
• The load point is located on the bucket pivot point, including load listed for
maximum radius.
• Do not attempt to lift or hold any load greater than the rated values at specified
load radii and heights. The weight of slings and any auxiliary devices must be
deducted from the rated load to determine the net load that may be lifted.
ATTENTION: All rated loads are based on the machine being stationary and level on
a firm supporting surface. The user must make allowance for particular job
conditions such as soft or uneven ground, out of level conditions, side loads,
hazardous conditions, experience of personnel, etc. The operator and other
personnel must be fully trained and understand this Operator Manual and Safety
Manuals furnished by the manufacturer before operating this machine. Rules for safe
operation of equipment must be adhered to at all times.
3-32 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
3.14 REMOTE MODE ENGINE SHUTDOWN
To shutdown the excavator, park in a safe location on flat level ground and away from
other equipment and/or traffic lanes.
From Upperstructure Cab:
1. Stop machine by removing pressure from foot pedals.
2. Swing the machine to align upperstructure with undercarriage
3. Lower attachment/boom to ground or stow boom in boom rest. See “Boom Stow
Procedure” on page 3-35.
4. Operate engine at low idle for 3 to 5 minutes. DO NOT rev engine.
5. Turn key to “OFF” position and remove key.
6. Exit excavator maintaining 3-point contact.
7. Chock wheels (if necessary).
MACHINE ROLL-AWAY HAZARD. Lower boom to
ground or boom rest and stop engine before leaving
cab.
WARNING
OW0021
80884013 3-33
Section 3 - Operation
3.15 RETURN TO TRAVEL MODE
Preparing Upperstructure for Undercarriage Operation
1. Check operation of brakes after remote operation and digging.
2. Position unit on level surface, apply digging brake and stop engine. Check the
following for damage; brake actuator chambers and rods, brake actuator
brackets, and slack adjusters. With brake applied, actuator rod should form an
approximate right angle with slack adjuster. Do not drive unit until any damage
or malfunction has been repaired. Check for proper slack adjuster operation in
accordance with the procedure shown on page 5-30.
3. Position boom over rear of undercarriage and embed bucket in ground or
against a solid object.
4. Apply down pressure with boom and pull and push with boom while a helper
watches for rotation of each wheel.
5. Rotation of any wheel during step 3 indicates brake failure on that wheel. Have
any failure corrected before driving the unit.
6. Position boom in rest, allowing clearance for attachment. See “Boom Stow
Procedure” on page 3-35. Secure boom using boom hold-down device. See
“Securing Unit for Driving” on page 3-35.
7. Idle engine to remove heat from critical areas.
8. Shut down engine from upperstructure cab.
9. Proceed to undercarriage cab.
Preparing Undercarriage for Conventional Operation
• See “Starting Engine from Undercarriage Cab” on page 3-1.
3-34 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
Boom Stow Procedure
1. With teleboom extended, stow boom in boom rest.
2. Retract telescope boom until the boom position decal is visible in the bottom
smaller hole in the main boom, as illustrated:
OAC2690
Securing Unit for Driving
Drive to and from job site only under the following conditions:
OAC0640
• Position boom in boom rest and secure boom as shown above.
• Mirrors are clean and properly adjusted for visibility.
• Doors and upperstructure windows secured in closed position.
• No load attached to any part of machine.
• Tires inflated to proper pressure.
• Seat belt buckled across lap.
• Drive in accordance with Federal, State, and Local requirements.
• Plan your route.
80884013 3-35
Section 3 - Operation
3.16 PARKING THE EXCAVATOR
Precaution
If the machine is in remote and must be shut down for an extended period of time,
return the machine to conventional undercarriage operation.
Avoid parking on roads or highways. If it cannot be avoided, or in case of emergency,
display warning flags, flares or flashing lights.
Parking Procedure
1. Perform “Travel Mode Engine Shutdown” on page 3-14 or “Remote Mode
Engine Shutdown” on page 3-33.
2. Fill fuel tank to minimize condensation.
ATTENTION!: Prior to step 3, wait a MINIMUM of five minutes after
shutting off engine before disconnecting battery. Failure to do so can cause
severe damage to the engine after-treatment system.
3. Disconnect battery.
4. Lock all doors and covers and install protective window covers if available.
3-36 80884013
Section 3 - Operation
3.17 PRESERVATION & STORAGE
• Park the machine following the procedure on page 3-36.
• If it is impractical to activate functions regularly, and if freezing temperatures are
expected, remove batteries and store in a warm location.
• Tape a note inside cab window indicating the person to be called in an
emergency.
• If machine is on an unpaved surface, be sure tires are resting on sturdy boards to
prevent them from being frozen in soft ground.
• Periodically cycle hydraulic functions until normal operating temperature is
reached, then apply Boeshield *T9 (part number 1440-4645) to exposed cylinder
rods.
Maintenance
• Take a sample of hydraulic fluid for analysis. Note: Not all analysis methods are
compatible with all hydraulic fluids (e.g., laser particle counters do not record
accurate cleanliness levels in Mobil 424 due to some of the oil additives being
interpreted as contaminants). Consult with your analysis lab as to oil type and
test method.
• Thoroughly clean all mud and debris from the machine to help protect surfaces
from corrosion.
• Lubricate all grease fittings until fresh lube is expelled from the lube point.
• Check the hourmeter and the lubrication and maintenance schedule. If you are
close to any lubricant change period, make the change before storage.
• Check level of anti-freeze protection, drain and refill if necessary to obtain proper
protection.
80884013 3-37
Section 3 - Operation
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
3-38 80884013
Section 4 - Attachments
SECTION 4 - ATTACHMENTS
4.1 APPROVED ATTACHMENTS
To determine if an attachment is approved for use on the hydraulic excavator you are
using, perform the following prior to installation.
• Use only Gradall approved attachments.
• Before selecting specific attachments for specific models, consult the load chart
on the model literature and consult either an authorized Gradall distributor or
Gradall.
If any of the above conditions are not met, do not use the attachment.
4.2 UNAPPROVED ATTACHMENTS
Use only approved attachments. Attachments which
WARNING have not been approved for use with your excavator
could cause machine damage or an accident resulting
OW0021 in death or serious injury.
Do not use unapproved attachments for the following reasons:
• Gradall cannot establish range and capacity limitations for “will fit,” homemade,
altered, or other non-approved attachments.
• An overextended or overloaded excavator can tip over with little or no warning
and cause death or serious injury to the operator and/or those working nearby.
• Gradall cannot assure the ability of a non-approved attachment to perform its
intended function safely.
4.3 ATTACHMENT OPERATION
• Capacities and range limits for the excavator change depending on the
attachment being used.
• Separate attachment instructions (if applicable) must be kept in Manual Holder in
cab with this Operator & Safety Manual. An additional copy must be kept with the
attachment if it is equipped with a manual holder.
• Window guards must be in place when using powered attachments such as
hammers, augers or mowers capable of producing flying debris.
80884013 4-1
Section 4 - Attachments
Excavating Buckets
Size Cu. Yd. m3
24" (610mm) 3/8 .31
30" (762mm) 1/2 .41
36" (914mm) 5/8 .54
42" (1.07m) 3/4 .64
48" (1.22m) 1 .76 OAC0590
Installation Procedure
• Refer to "Adapter Attachment Installation" beginning on page 4-4.
Ditching Buckets
Size Cu. Yd. m3
30" (.80m) 1/4 .20
60" (1.52m) 7/8 .73
66" (1.68m) 1 .76
OAC0600
72" (1.83m) 1-1/8 .87
Installation Procedure
• Refer to "Adapter Attachment Installation" beginning on page 4-4.
4-2 80884013
Section 4 - Attachments
Trenching Buckets
Size Cu. Yd. m3
15" (381mm) 1/5 .15
21" (533mm) 1/4 .19
OAC0720
Installation Procedure
• Refer to "Adapter Attachment Installation" beginning on page 4-4.
Pavement Removal Bucket
Size Cu. Yd. m3
18" (.50m) N/A N/A
24" (.60m) N/A N/A
OAC0730
28" (.70m) N/A N/A
40" (1.02m) N/A N/A
Installation Procedure
• Refer to "Adapter Attachment Installation" beginning on page 4-4.
80884013 4-3
Section 4 - Attachments
Dredging Bucket
Size Cu. Yd. m3
72" (1.83m) 1-1/8 .87
OAC0740
Installation Procedure
• Refer to "Adapter Attachment Installation" beginning on page 4-4.
Grading Blade
Size Cu. Yd. m3
8’ (2.4m) N/A N/A
OAC0750
Installation Procedure
• Refer to "Adapter Attachment Installation" beginning on page 4-4.
4-4 80884013
Section 4 - Attachments
4.4 ADAPTER ATTACHMENT INSTALLATION
OAC0760
1. Wedge Bolts
2. Bucket Adapter
3. Bucket Bars
Installation Procedure:
1. Be sure wedge bolts (1) are secured in storage 1
position (toward rear) and position bucket adapter
2
(2) above bucket bar (3) as shown.
3
OAC0770
2. Lower boom until concave section of adapter
contacts bucket bar.
OAC0780
80884013 4-5
Section 4 - Attachments
1
3. Move adapter toward "bucket close" position until
outer end of adapter contacts bucket. Ensure
proper alignment and continue to close until
adapter contacts stops (1).
OAC0790
4. Only use the nuts to move wedge bolts forward to
position wedge between adapter and bucket bar.
Do not use fingers to slide wedges forward or to
keep wedges from turning when tightening nuts.
Be certain wedge surfaces are flush between
adapter and bar and tighten fully. Jog tool control a
few times and re-tighten. Check often to be sure OAC0800
bolts remain tight.
CRUSH HAZARD. Keep boom in fully extended
WARNING position while installing bucket. Stay clear until bucket
adapter has been fitted to bucket as shown in step 3.
OW0021
Digging with a loose or improperly fitted bucket may cause excessive wear, shear
adapter bolts or cause loss of bucket.
4-6 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
SECTION 5 - LUBRICATION & MAINTENANCE
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Service the product in accordance with the maintenance schedule on the following
pages. Complete all required maintenance before operating unit.
Service intervals are based on machine usage of 1500 hours annually. Use of your
product may vary significantly and you must adjust service frequency for your usage
to obtain maximum service life.
Always check hourmeter and date at beginning of shift to be certain services are
performed at proper intervals. Perform service at whichever interval comes first.
Note: Failure To Use Gradall Hydraulic Filter Elements Could Void Warranty.
FALL HAZARD. Use extreme caution when checking
WARNING items beyond your normal reach. Use an approved
ladder. Failure to comply could result in death or
OW0021 serious injury.
If guards are removed for service, replace them before operating machine.
Do not step or stand on engine cover or upperstructure heater cover when
performing checks and services in the area of the main boom and cradle.
Before removing filler caps or fill plugs, wipe all dirt and grease away from the ports.
If dirt is allowed to enter ports, it can shorten the life of major hydraulic components
along with o-rings, seals, packing and bearings.
ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DAMAGE. Do not
CAUTION pressure wash or steam clean under the valve cover
on the upperstructure or behind the front external
OW0031
cover on the undercarriage cab.
When adding fluids, refer to “Product Specifications” on page 7-1 to determine
proper fluid type, and“Service & Maintenance Schedules” on page 5-3 for intervals.
Clothing and Safety Gear
Wear all the protective clothing and personal safety devices issued to you or called
for by job conditions. DO NOT wear loose clothing or jewelry that can get caught on
controls or moving parts. Refer to page 1-13 for more detail.
80884013 5-1
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
5.2 GENERAL MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
Prior to performing any service or maintenance on the excavator, follow the
shutdown procedure on page 3-14 or page 3-33 unless otherwise instructed
and place “Do Not Operate” tag on steering wheel in associated cab.
CUT/CRUSH/BURN HAZARD. Do not perform service
WARNING or maintenance on the machine with the engine
running. Failure to comply could cause death or
OW0021
serious injury.
• Ensure excavator is level for proper fluid readings.
• For boom service, extend boom, close bucket and lower onto flat ground.
• Clean lubrication fittings before lubricating.
• After greasing excavator, cycle all functions several times to distribute lubricants.
• Apply a light coating of engine oil to all linkage pivot points.
• Drain engine and gear cases after operating when oil is hot.
• Check all lubricant and coolant levels when cool.
MACHINE DAMAGE. Contact Gradall before welding
WARNING on machine. Welding could damage wires, electronic
processors, hoses, and tubes. Prior to welding, turn off
OW0021
ignition, unplug all electronic processors and
disconnect positive (+) and
negative (-) battery cables from battery posts only. Do
not disconnect cable leads from studs on battery box
panel. Connect positive (+) and negative (-) cables
together. Remove or adequately shield all
components, hoses, tubes, and wires in the area.
Component damage could cause an accident resulting
in death or serious injury.
Tire Service
Tire service must be performed by a qualified tire service center or an authorized
person that is properly trained in procedures and use of safety equipment designed
for tire service.
5-2 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
5.3 SERVICE & MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
Daily or Shift (10 Hour Maximum) Maintenance Schedule
* Drain air tanks daily. To prevent possible damage to emission controls
components, wait a minimum of 10 minutes after shutting off engine before
draining air tanks.
80884013 5-3
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Weekly (50 Hour Maximum) Maintenance Schedule
EVERY
50
Check Tilt Check Swing Check Tilt Follow Lubrication
Transmission Level Transmission Transmission Level Schedule
Oil Level
EVERY
50
Check Power Inspect Air Filter Check Brake Check Tire Drain Fuel/
Steering Fluid Vacuator System Air Pressure Water
Level Valve for damage Drier Separator
Follow Lubrication
Schedule
OAC2431
5-4 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Monthly (125 Hour Maximum) Maintenance Schedule
EVERY
125
Check Boom
Roller Alignment
EVERY
125
Check Check Clean Hydraulic Check Axle
Fan Belt Battery Reservoir Breather Oil Level
Follow Lubrication Inspect Check Check Transfer
Schedule and Clean Transmission Case Oil Level
Cooler Cores Oil Level
Check Front Axle Wheel
End Oil Levels
(4X2 & 6X4 Machines Only)
OAC2440
80884013 5-5
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
1st 30 Days (250 hrs Max) & 250 Hour Maintenance Schedule
1st 30 DAYS
250
Drain and Refill Drain and Refill Apply Open Follow Lubrication Torque all Items
Swing Transmission Tilt Transmission Gear Lube to Schedule Listed in
Oil Oil Tilt Gear Teeth Torque Chart
1st 30 DAYS
250
Torque all Items
Listed in
Torque Chart
EVERY
250
Check Hydraulic Inspect, Clean Follow Lubrication
Cab Heater Oil or Replace Schedule
Reservoir Heater Air Filter
OAC2021
5-6 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
500 Hour Maintenance Schedule
EVERY
500
Change Engine
Oil and
Filter
OAC2451
80884013 5-7
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Semi-Annual (750 Hour Maximum) Maintenance Schedule
EVERY
750
LB/F
T (N
m)
Remove, Clean Torque all Items Follow Lubrication
and Replace Listed in Schedule
Swing Transmission Torque Chart
Breather
EVERY
750
Hydraulic Check Clean Change Fuel Clean Fuel
Fluid & Filters** Differential Differential Filter Strainer
Oil Level Breather
Replace Fuel/ Check Brake Follow Lubrication Change Drain & Fill Front
Water System Slack Schedule Hydraulic Tank Axle Wheel End Oil
Separator Element Adjusters Breather (4X2 & 6X4 Only)
Change
In-Line Pilot Filter
Element
** - Have hydraulic fluid analyzed to determine condition. OAC2460
Use test port mini-check in pump line to obtain sample.
Drain, flush and replenish system if required.
5-8 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Annual (1500 Hour Maximum) Maintenance Schedule
EVERY
1500
Drain and Refill Drain, Change Filter, Follow Lubrication
Swing Transmission and Refill Hydraulic Schedule
Oil Cab Heater Oil
Reservoir
EVERY
1500
Change Hydraulic Drain and Refill Change Replace Air Drier
Engine Coolant Fluid & Filters** Steering System Transmission Desiccant
Reservoir Oil & Filter Cartridge
Change Change Change Replace DEF Replace DEF
Differential Differential Transfer Case Oil Tank Filter Tank Breather
Oil Filter Filter
Replace
Crankcase
Ventilation Filter
** - Unless hydraulic fluid is analyzed semi-annually to determine OAC2470
level of contamination, system must drained, flushed and replenished
on an annual basis.
80884013 5-9
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
5.4 UNDERCARRIAGE LUBRICATION SCHEDULES
Monthly (125 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule - XL3100V
Grease (extreme pressure #2)
EVERY
125
Universal Joints
****
++
Drive Shaft Splines
**
+
Slack Adjuster
Tie Rod Pivot ****
FRONT King Pin Pivot
King Pin Pivot ** ** **
Wheel End
4x2
FRONT **
STEER
AXLE 4x4
FRONT
DRIVE
AXLE
Slack Adjuster
****
King Pin Pivot ** King Pin Pivot
Steering Column ** **
U-Joints Tie Rod Pivot
**
Draglink ** Draglink
** **
Spring Hanger 4x2 FRONT
STEER AXLE
Pin
* - Number of Lube Points + - Additional Lube Points for 4x4
OAC2501
5-10 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Grease (extreme pressure #2)
EVERY
125
Slack Adjusters
****
REAR
4x2 DRIVE SHAFT
Universal Joints
******
**** **
Universal Joints Drive Shaft Splines
4x4
TRANSFER CASE
AND DRIVE SHAFT
RPS
Drive Shaft *** ****** ***
Splines Universal Drive Shaft ****** Universal Joints
Joints Splines
* - Number of Lube Points + - Additional Lube Points for 4x4
OAC2561
80884013 5-11
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Monthly (125 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule -
XL4100V & XL5100V
Grease (extreme pressure #2)
EVERY
125
Universal Joints
******
++
Drive Shaft Splines
***
+
Slack Adjuster
Tie Rod Pivot ******
FRONT King Pin Pivot
King Pin Pivot ** **
**
Wheel End
6x4
FRONT **
STEERING
6x6
AXLE
FRONT
DRIVE
AXLE
Slack Adjuster
******
King Pin Pivot ** ** King Pin Pivot
Steering Column Tie Rod Pivot **
U-Joints
**
6x6 FRONT DRIVE AXLE
Universal Joints
Draglink ******
++
Draglink ** **
Spring **
Hanger 6x4 FRONT
Pin STEER AXLE
* - Number of Lube Points + - Additional Lube Points for 6x6
OAC2511
5-12 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Grease (extreme pressure #2)
EVERY
125
Slack Adjusters
******
REAR
Universal Joints
6x6 TRANSFER CASE
AND DRIVE SHAFT ******
++
Universal Universal
Joints Joints Drive Shaft
*** ******
******
++ ******
++ Drive Shaft + ++
Universal
***
+ Splines
Splines Joints
6x4 DRIVE SHAFT
Drive Shaft
Splines *** Universal Joints ****** Universal Joints
+ ++ ******
++
Drive Shaft Splines **
++ ** Walking Beam Pivot
* - Number of Lube Points + - Additional Lube Points for 6x6
OAC2571
80884013 5-13
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Semi-Annual (750 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule -
XL3100V
Grease (extreme pressure #2)
EVERY
750
Brake Brake
FRONT **** Camshafts **** Camshafts
4x2
FRONT
STEERING
AXLE 4x4
FRONT
DRIVE
AXLE
Steering Gear
Dirt Seal
*
* - Number of Lube Points + - Additional Lube Points for 4x4
OAC2521
5-14 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Grease (extreme pressure #2)
EVERY
750
Brake
**** Camshafts
REAR
* - Number of Lube Points + - Additional Lube Points for 4x4
OAC2531
80884013 5-15
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Semi-Annual (750 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule -
XL4100V & XL5100V
Grease (extreme pressure #2)
EVERY
750
Brake
Brake
FRONT ****** Camshafts
****** Camshafts
6x4
FRONT
STEERING
AXLE 6x6
FRONT
DRIVE
AXLE
Steering Gear
Dirt Seal
*
* - Number of Lube Points + - Additional Lube Points for 6x6
OAC2541
5-16 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Grease (extreme pressure #2)
EVERY
750
Brake
****** Camshafts
REAR
* - Number of Lube Points + - Additional Lube Points for 6x6
OAC2551
80884013 5-17
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
5.5 UPPERSTRUCTURE LUBRICATION SCHEDULES
Daily or Shift (10 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule
Grease (extreme pressure)
EVERY
10
Hoist Cylinder Barrel Pivot **
Swing Bearing **
Hoist Cylinder Rod Pivot **
***** Main Boom Rollers
Tool Cylinder
Rod Pivot *
Straight Link **
Pivots
Boom Cylinder * Boom Cylinder
Bucket Adapter **
Pivot
Barrel Pivot ** Spider
Bent Link **
Pivot
Tool Eye Tilt Bearing **
Barrel Pivot *
Teleboom
Rollers ***
* - Number of Lube Points
OAC2480
5-18 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Annual (1500 Hour Maximum) Lubrication Schedule
Grease (extreme pressure)
EVERY
1500
Swing Bull Gear
* - Number of Lube Points
OAC2490
80884013 5-19
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
5.6 OPERATOR MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
10 Hours
Fuel Level Check 10
OAC1030 OW0990
1
30
50
20
1/2
psi
O 4/4
50
500
100
10
kPa
10 00
FUEL
0 0 000 00
0 150 MPH
12 14
10 16
FRONT AXLE
DRIVE
BATTERY
OAC1040
1. Check fuel gauge (1) located on dash panel in undercarriage cab.
2. If fuel is low, perform shutdown procedure on page 3-14 or page 3-33 and
proceed to fuel tank (3).
3. Turn fuel tank cap (2) and remove from fuel tank (3). Add diesel fuel as needed.
Replace fuel tank cap.
Replenish diesel fuel at end of each work shift to minimize condensation.
5-20 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Hydraulic Oil Level Check 10OAC1030 OW1030
5
4
OAC1930
1. Be sure machine is level, boom is level and retracted and bucket is open.
2. Perform shutdown procedure on page 3-14 or page 3-33.
3. Check level of hydraulic oil at the sight gauge (1) on the hydraulic tank (2). The
oil level should be visible in the upper gauge window.
4. If hydraulic oil is low, locate reservoir breather (3) mounted on tank. Depress
breather plunger (4) to relieve all hydraulic reservoir pressure.
80884013 5-21
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
5. Remove dust cap from pressure fill port (5). Locate female coupling from tool kit
and attach to pressure fill port. Add hydraulic fluid to level where oil is visible in
upper gauge window.
6. Remove female coupling from fill port and replace dust cap.
5-22 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Hydraulic Tank Element Change (as filter indicator light indicates)
6
3
OAC1940
1. Perform shutdown procedure on page 3-14 or page 3-33.
2. Locate reservoir breather (1) mounted on hydraulic tank (2).
3. Depress breather plunger (3) to relieve all hydraulic reservoir pressure.
80884013 5-23
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
4. Remove bolts (4) on return filter to allow removal of filter cover (5).
5. Remove old filter element (6) and replace with new element.
6. Replace filter cover (5) and bolts (4). (Torque bolts to 200-225 lb-in).
5-24 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
50 Hours
Check & Drain Air Tanks
50 OAC1070 OAC1150
2
OAC1190
1. Perform shutdown procedure on page 3-14 or page 3-33.
2. Locate air tanks (1).
3. Loosen drain cocks (2) to drain any moisture from air tanks. If significant
moisture is found, check operation of air drier.
4. Tighten drain cocks.
80884013 5-25
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Tire Air Pressure Check 50 OAC1070
OW1040
1. Perform shutdown procedure on page 3-14 or page 3-33.
2. Remove valve stem cap.
3. Check tire pressure using a good quality gauge.
4. Add air if required (inflate tires to air pressure located on sidewall of equipped
tire).
5. Replace valve stem cap.
5-26 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
100 Hours
Replace Hydraulic Reservoir Breather 100 OAC2050
OW1030
OAC1970
1. Perform shutdown procedure on page 3-14 or page 3-33.
2. Locate reservoir breather (1) mounted on hydraulic tank (2).
3. Depress breather plunger (3) to relieve hydraulic reservoir pressure.
4. Spin reservoir breather counter-clockwise to remove from tee (4).
5. Spin replacement reservoir breather clockwise to attach to tee.
80884013 5-27
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Battery Check 100 OAC2050 OW1080
1
OAC1120
1. Perform shutdown procedure on page 3-14 or page 3-33.
2. Open the battery box cover.
3. Wearing eye protection, visually inspect the batteries (1). Check terminals for
corrosion. Replace battery if it has a cracked, melted or damaged case.
4. Close and secure the battery box cover.
5-28 80884013
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
750 Hours
Replace In-Line Pilot Filter 750 OAC1090
OW1180
3
2
OAC1980
In-Line Pilot Filter Element
1. Perform shutdown procedure on page 3-14 or page 3-33.
2. Locate in-line pilot filter (1) located on hydraulic tank (2).
3. Remove oil drain plug (3). Drain oil into a suitable container.
4. Unscrew bowl (4) and remove filter element from element location spigot in the
filter head.
5. Replace the filter element. Verify that the designation corresponds to that of the
old element and place filter element carefully into the element location spigot in
the filter head.
6. Screw in bowl fully, then unscrew by one quarter-turn. Replace oil drain plug.
80884013 5-29
Section 5 - Lubrication & Maintenance
Automatic Slack Adjuster Check 750 OAC1090 OAC1100
Note: Brake actuator chamber is shown with digging brake applied and with brake
worn to a point just before automatic adjustment. If orange band is visible, notify
maintenance personnel for adjustment or repair.
1. Position unit in a safe, level area.
2. With brake system fully charged (125 psi), apply digging brake, stop engine and
remove key.
3. Install wheel chocks.
4. If one or more orange bands located on the push rods are visible at mounting
face of any actuator, immediately notify your supervisor and/or maintenance
personnel for inspection and/or repair.
5-30 80884013
Section 6 - Emergency Procedures
SECTION 6 - EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
6.1 LOSS OF POWER
The engine will de-rate if a problem develops. If this occurs, place the boom in the
boom rest as soon as possible. Make all necessary repairs before continued
operation.
If the machine loses power before the boom is place in the boom rest, follow the
procedures below:
Stowing the boom without engine power
Be sure there is enough clearance for the attachment when the boom is in the boom
rest by measuring the length from the roller bracket on the main boom to the
attachment pivot point. If the distance is less than 6 feet, it will be necessary to
extend the boom with another machine by performing the following procedure:
To extend the boom without engine power
1. Attach a test hose to the test fitting for the retract side of the boom circuit.
2. Direct the rod side oil into a waste container as the boom is SLOWLY pulled out.
3. Once the boom is at the proper extension, secure the telescoping boom to the
main boom using a chain or strap to keep the boom from further movement.
To raise the boom without engine power
1. If the boom needs to be raised to place in the boom rest, it will be necessary to
release the swing brake.
2. Secure the end of the boom to keep the upperstructure from swinging once the
swing brake has been released.
3. Release the swing brake using a port-a-power to pressurize the swing brake to
a maximum of 500 psi.
4. Attach a chain to the end of the telescoping boom to a machine having sufficient
lift capacity and lift height to raise the boom.
5. Be certain that the boom will not contact any obstructions while raising it.
6. Attach a test hose on the rod side of the hoist cylinders to bleed oil into a waste
container.
7. Lift the boom SLOWLY, directing the hoist cylinder rod side oil into a container.
80884013 6-1
Section 6 - Emergency Procedures
8. Once the boom is raised high enough to clear the cab and boom rest, swing into
position over the boom rest.
9. While still supporting the boom with another machine, remove the test hose
from the hoist up side of the circuit.
10. Attach test hose to the hoist down test fitting, directing oil into a waste container.
11. SLOWLY lower the boom into place squarely on the boom rest.
12. Once the boom is in the rest, use the boom tie-down to secure it.
13. Remove test hoses used for the procedure.
14. Secure the telescope boom to keep it from extending and retracting.
15. Follow the procedure on page 3-34 for shifting the machine into travel mode.
16. Make sure that the machine air pressure is such that it will allow the shift back to
travel mode.
Towing
When transporting the vehicle with one or all axles on the road, it is possible to
damage the axles if the wrong procedure is used before transporting begins.
Before towing the vehicle, apply the park brake, block the wheels, and put the
transmission in neutral.
The front axle drive shaft (if equipped) and rear axle drive shafts must be
removed prior to towing.
All repairs must be made and the machine verified for correct operation before
allowing it back into service.
If You Get Stuck
If unit becomes stuck, you can use the boom to help free it.
• Position undercarriage and upperstructure controls for remote control operation.
• Position boom over rear of undercarriage (centered over rear to prevent tipping)
and imbed bucket or attachment in ground.
While actuating travel pedal in appropriate direction, extend or retract boom as
required to help push or pull unit to solid ground. Keep wheels in contact with
ground.
6-2 80884013
Section 7 - Specifications
SECTION 7 - SPECIFICATIONS
7.1 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
Lubrication & Fluid Capacities
Note: Lubricants described in this table are used in standard machines when they
are shipped from Gradall Industries, Inc.
Engine Crankcase Oil
Capacity with Filter Change (4-cylinder) ................................17.2 quarts (16.3 liters)
Capactiy with Filter Change (6-cylinder) ................................28.0 quarts (26.5 liters)
Type of Oil ................................................................. 15W-40 (Volvo VDS-4 rated oil)
Cooling System
System Capacity ......................................................................11 gallons (41.6 liters)
Type of Coolant ............................................................. OAT Coolant (p/n 80533046)
Hydraulic System
System Capacity
XL3100V................................................................................65 gallons (246 liters)
System Capacity
XL4100V, XL4130 & XL5100V...............................................70 gallons (265 liters)
Type of Oil ..................................... Mobilfluid® 424 Tractor Hydraulic Fluid (ISO 46)**
Upperstructure Cab Heater
Capacity ....................................................................................1.3 gallons (4,9 liters)
Type of Fluid ...................... Conoco Heat Transfer 32 Hydraulic Fluid (p/n 80533049)
Steering System
System Capacity ..........................................................................2 gallons (7,6 liters)
Type of Fluid .......................................................................... Super ATF (8053-3026)
Transmission
Capacity ...................................................................................... 29 Quarts (27 liters)
Type of Fluid ........................................ Synthetic ATF (Allison TES-295) (8053-3040)
80884013 7-1
Section 7 - Specifications
Transfer Case
Capacity......................................................................................... 21 pints (9,9 liters)
Type of Fluid .................................. Mobilfluid® 424 Tractor Hydraulic Fluid (ISO 46)**
DEF (Diesel Exhaust Fluid) Tank
Capacity................................................................................... 10 gallons (37,8 liters)
Type of Fluid .......................................................................... Clear DEF (8053-3041)
Rear Axle (XL3100V)
Capacity....................................................................................... 31 pints (14,6 liters)
Type of Fluid .................................................................................80w90 (8053-3027)
Rear Tandem Axle (forward) (XL4100V & XL5100V)
Capacity.......................................................................................... 34 pints (16 liters)
Type of Fluid .................................................................................80w90 (8053-3027)
Rear Tandem Axle (rear) (XL4100V & XL5100V)
Capacity....................................................................................... 31 pints (14,7 liters)
Type of Fluid .................................................................................80w90 (8053-3027)
Front Axle (XL3100V 4x4)
Capacity....................................................................................... 27 pints (12,8 liters)
Type of Fluid .................................................................................80w90 (8053-3027)
Front Axle Wheel Ends (XL3100V 4x2; XL4100V 6x4 & XL5100V 6x4; XL4130V)
Capacity.................................................................... 4 ounces (0,1 liters) (per wheel)
Type of Fluid .................................................................................80w90 (8053-3027)
Front Axle (XL4100V 6x6 & XL5100V 6x6)
Capacity....................................................................................... 27 pints (12,8 liters)
Type of Fluid .................................................................................80w90 (8053-3027)
Fuel Tank
Capacity.................................................................................. 100 gallons (378 liters)
Type of Fuel ............................................................................. #2 Diesel (8053-3028)
7-2 80884013
Section 7 - Specifications
Swing Transmission
Capacity ................................................................................... 4.75 quarts (4,5 liters)
Type of Fluid .................................................................................80w90 (8053-3027)
Swing Bull Gear
Capacity .................................................................................................... as required
Type of Fluid ..................................................................... Extreme Pressure Lube #2
Tilt Transmission
Capacity ......................................................................... 32-34 ounces (0,9-1,0 liters)
Type of Fluid .................................................................................80w90 (8053-3040)
Tilt Bull Gear
Capacity .................................................................................................... as required
Type of Fluid .................................................................Open Gear Lube (8053-3027)
Grease Fittings
Capacity .................................................................................................... as required
Type of Lube..................................................................... Extreme Pressure Lube #2
* Capacities are approximate - Check level to be sure
** Hydraulic Fluid Specifications; Pour Point -46°F., SSU @ 100° F. 275;
Flash Point 442° F. Approved Supplier & Type: Mobil Mobilfluid 424
Tires
Air Pressure
Inflate tires to air pressure located on sidewall of equipped tire.
Battery
TROJAN C31
BCI Group 31
Maintenance Free CLAC/CALC w/handles
1000 Cold Cranking AMPS @ 0°F (-17°C)
200 Minutes Minimum Reserve Capacity @ 25 AMPS
Top Studs: 3/8-16
Trojan Type C31-1000S
Dimensions (LxWxH):
12.970” x 8.685” x 6.750” (329.4 mm x 220.59 mm x 171.45 mm)
80884013 7-3
Section 7 - Specifications
Weight
XL3100V
Gross Vehicle Axle Weight Rating (4x2)....................................41,250 lb (18,711 kg)
Gross Vehicle Axle Weight Rating (4x4)....................................44,250 lb (20,071 kg)
XL4100V
Gross Vehicle Axle Weight Rating (6x4)....................................66,000 lb (29,937 kg)
Gross Vehicle Axle Weight Rating (6x6)....................................69,000 lb (31,928 kg)
XL4130V
Gross Vehicle Axle Weight Rating (6x4)....................................68,700 lb (31,162 kg)
XL5100V
Gross Vehicle Axle Weight Rating (6x4)....................................66,000 lb (29,937 kg)
Gross Vehicle Axle Weight Rating (6x6)....................................69,000 lb (31,928 kg)
Note: Refer to detailed specification sheet for additional machine weight
information. Specification sheets can be viewed/downloaded at www.gradall.com
Dimensions
XL3100V
Wheelbase............................................................................................ 13.4 ft (4,1 m)
Ground Clearance ...............................................................................10 in (254 mm)
Transport Length (without bucket) ........................................................ 23.3 ft (7,1 m)
Transport Height (without bucket) (4x2)................................................ 11.1 ft (3,4 m)
Transport Height (without bucket) (4x4)................................................ 11.5 ft (3,5 m)
Transport Width ...................................................................................... 8.6 ft (2,6 m)
XL4100V & XL4130V
Wheelbase............................................................................................ 14.2 ft (4,3 m)
Ground Clearance ...............................................................................10 in (254 mm)
Transport Length (without bucket) ........................................................ 25.1 ft (7,6 m)
Transport Height (without bucket) (6x4).............................................. 10.11 ft (3,3 m)
Transport Height (without bucket) (6x6)................................................ 11.3 ft (3,4 m)
Transport Width ...................................................................................... 8.6 ft (2,6 m)
7-4 80884013
Section 7 - Specifications
XL5100V
Wheelbase ............................................................................................14.3 ft (4,4 m)
Ground Clearance ...............................................................................10 in (254 mm)
Transport Length (without bucket) .........................................................25.6 ft (7,8 m)
Transport Height (without bucket) (6x4) ................................................11.2 ft (3,4 m)
Transport Height (without bucket) (6x6) ................................................11.5 ft (3,5 m)
Transport Width .......................................................................................8.6 ft (2,6 m)
Note: Refer to detailed specification sheet for additional machine dimension
information. Specification sheets can be viewed/downloaded at www.gradall.com
80884013 7-5
Section 7 - Specifications
7.2 TORQUE CHART
To check Gradall torque values, set the torque wrench at 95% of the rated torque
values and check fastener. If the torque wrench releases before the fastener moves,
assume fastener torque is correct. When setting Gradall torque values, use the
values given on the following chart. DO NOT EXCEED allowances.
Boom Cylinder Rod Retainer
Quantity .....................................................................................................................6
Thread Size (grade)..................................................................................... 5/8-11 (8)
Torque (lubricated)........................................................... 200-215 lb-ft (272-292 Nm)
Swing Bearing
Quantity ...................................................................................................................72
Thread Size (grade)..................................................................................... 5/8-11 (8)
Torque (lubricated)........................................................... 200-215 lb-ft (272-292 Nm)
Swing Motor
Quantity .....................................................................................................................4
Thread Size (grade)..................................................................................... 1/2-13 (5)
Torque (lubricated)................................................................. 68-78 lb-ft (92-105 Nm)
Swing Transmission
Quantity ...................................................................................................................10
Thread Size (grade)..................................................................................... 3/4-10 (8)
Torque (lubricated)........................................................... 340-365 lb-ft (461-496 Nm)
Tilt Bearing
Quantity ...................................................................................................................63
Thread Size (grade)..................................................................................... 3/4-10 (8)
Torque (lubricated)........................................................... 340-365 lb-ft (461-496 Nm)
Tilt Motor
Quantity .....................................................................................................................2
Thread Size (grade)..................................................................................... 1/2-13 (8)
Torque (lubricated)................................................................. 68-78 lb-ft (92-105 Nm)
7-6 80884013
Section 7 - Specifications
Tilt Transmission
Quantity ....................................................................................... 31 pints (14,7 liters)
Thread Size (grade) .....................................................................80w90 (1440-3126)
Torque (lubricated) ...........................................................200-215 lb-ft (272-292 Nm)
Wheel Lug Nuts
Quantity .................................................................................................................ALL
Thread Size (grade) .................................................................................... 3/4-10 (8)
Torque (lubricated) ...........................................................450-500 lb-ft (610-678 Nm)
Front Axle U-Bolt Nuts
Quantity .................................................................................................................ALL
Thread Size (grade) .................................................................................... 3/4-10 (8)
Torque ..............................................................................300-310 lb-ft (406-420 Nm)
Undercarriage Cab Steering Wheel Retaining Nut
Quantity ..................................................................................................................... 1
Torque ......................................................................................40-45 lb-ft (54-61 Nm)
80884013 7-7
Section 7 - Specifications
Rear Axle Mounting Bolts (XL3100V)
Quantity .....................................................................................................................8
Thread Size (grade)..................................................................................... 7/8-14 (8)
(VIEW FROM REAR OF MACHINE)
2 4
3 1
TORQUE
SEQUENCE OAC1560
Torque bolts in a 4 stage, criss-cross pattern:
Torque (Stage 1).............................................................. 150-185 lb-ft (203-251 Nm)
Torque (Stage 2).............................................................. 280-315 lb-ft (380-427 Nm)
Torque (Stage 3).............................................................. 470-505 lb-ft (637-685 Nm)
Torque (Stage 4).............................................................. 560-595 lb-ft (759-807 Nm)
7-8 80884013
Section 7 - Specifications
7.3 FUSES
Fuse location and size designations are identified with the decals shown below.
Upperstructure
80763098 REV. - F1 SPARE BATTERY POWER
F2 SPARE BAT POWER #1
ATTENTION: F3 SPARE BAT POWER #2
USE FUSE SIZES AS DESIGNATED. F4 AC FAN POWER
USING THE WRONG FUSE SIZE CAN F5 BOOM LIGHT POWER
CAUSE DAMAGE TO ELECTRICAL F6 OPTION #1 POWER
SYSTEM. F7 SPARE IGNITION POWER
F8 RC POWER
F9 JOYSTICK POWER
F10 RC POWER
F11 RC/TRVL/STR POWER
F12 HYD PILOT POWER
F13 AC CLUTCH/VALVE POWER
F22 10A F14 WASHER POWER
F15 HORN POWER
F23 10A
F16 BATTERY POWER
F24 10A F17 SP-3 (SPARE 3)
F18 SP-2 (SPARE 2)
F21 25A F25 20A F19 WORK LIGHT PWR
F20 CAB LIGHT PWR
F26 15A F21 SPARE ACC RELAY PWR
F27 10A F22 TILT/AUXILIARY POWER
F13 10A F23 SPARE ACCY-B POWER
F28 10A F24 POWER OUTLET #2
F14 10A F25 WIPER POWER
F29 10A F26 D.C. CONVERTER POWER
F30 25A F27 SPARE ACCY-A POWER
F17 10A F19 10A F28 SWITCH POWER
F29 POWER OUTLET #1
F18 10A F20 20A F31 10A F30 HEATER POWER
F31 SP-1 (SPARE 1)
OAC1910
Undercarriage
CB1 MARKER LIGHTS
CB2 HEADLIGHTS
F1 WIPER
F13 10
F2 HEATER/BLOWER
F3 RC 4-4 POWER 2
F3 10 F8 3 F14 5
F4 MR IGNITION
F5 TCM IGNITION
F4 10 F9 10 F15 10
F6 ADM IGNITION
F7 T/R IGN POWER
F5 10 F10 10 F16 10
F8 RC 4-4 POWER 1
F9 SPARE ACCY 1
F1 15 F6 10 F11 10 F17 5
F10 SPARE ACCY 2
F11 RADIO ACCY
F2 15 F7 5 F12 10 F18 10
F12 BEACON
F13 SCR IGNITION
F14 GAGE POWER
F15 SPARE ENGINE IGN #1
F16 SPARE ENGINE IGN #2
F17 REVERSE SWITCH PWR
F18 DRYER/GRID HTR RLY
F19 IND TEST LIGHT PWR
F20 ADM BATTERY
F21 TCM BATTERY
F22 TRAVEL/REMOTE SW PWR
F23 SCR BATTERY
F24 SPARE BAT 1
F25 TRV ALM/BACKUP LTS
F26 SPARE BAT 2
F27 FLASHER/STOP LTS ATTENTION!:
F28 HORNS
USE FUSE SIZES AS DESIGNATED.
F29 REMOTE POWER
USING THE WRONG FUSE SIZE CAN
F30 WIPER WASHER CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE ELECTRICAL
F31 AC CLUTCH SYSTEM.
80783190 - A
OAC1920
80884013 7-9
Section 7 - Specifications
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
7-10 80884013
Gradall Series V Highway Speed Excavator Pre-Operation Inspection Checklist
ID/Serial Number: Shift: Date:
Before conducting the walk around inspection, make sure the engine is off and the transmission is in neutral with the
park brake engaged. The boom and attachment must be resting on the ground, securely blocked, or retained in the
transport position with all hydraulic pressure relieved.
Item Comments if Item Comments if
• •
not O.K. not O.K.
Operator and Safety Manuals – located in each cab Air Cleaner – check element condition indicator
Warning Decals – in place and legible Engine – oil and coolant at proper level.
Chassis Cab Windows and Door – not broken and clean, Power Steering Fluid – at proper level
door closes properly Radiator – free of debris, no leaks
Chassis Cab Seat Belt – undamaged; working condition Transmission – no leaks, undamaged
Front Axle – steering linkage - good condition; no cylinder Brakes – no damage; in good condition
or hose leaks
Wheels – check lug nut torque; no damage or cracks Grab Handles and Steps – secure and clean
Tires – proper inflation; no damage; adequate tread Horn – clean and undamaged
Air tanks – open petcocks to drain water; no damage; hoses Headlights, Marker Lights, and Turn Signals – clean
in good condition and undamaged
Work lights – Clean and undamaged Boom – rollers adjusted, no damage; secure for driving
Upperstructure cab – windows not broken and clean, door Boom Attachment – securely installed
latches in open and closed position Hydraulic Hoses – no leaks or damage
Fuel/DEF Tank(s) – no leaks; filler cap securely fastened Fuel/DEF Level(s) – adequate
Mud Flaps – positioned for driving or digging operations Windshield Washer Fluid – level adequate in each cab
Rear axle(s) – no axle leaks; axle bolts torqued Mirrors – good condition, clean, and properly adjusted
Hydraulic Oil Reservoir – oil is clear and at proper level Maintenance – up to date with schedule in manual
Boom Tilt Bearing – properly lubricated, undamaged Lubrication – Reference lubrication chart in manual
Main control valve and cover – no damage or leaks; cover Overall Machine Condition – No cracks on boom,
support gas strut and latch working properly upperstructure frame, chassis frame, or fiberglass
Battery Box – cables tight; cover properly secured
Comments:
DO NOT OPERATE UNSAFE EQUIPMENT
Repair any deficiencies before driving or operating the equipment
Operators Signature: Date:
Gradall Series V Highway Speed Excavator Pre-Operation Inspection Checklist
ID/Serial Number: Shift: Date:
Before conducting the operational check of the excavator perform a walk around inspection. Do not operate the
excavator until any discrepancies noted during the walk around inspection have been repaired. Make sure others are
clear of the machine before starting the engine and during operation.
Item • Comments if not Item • Comments if
(Chassis Operation) O.K. (Upperstructure Operation) not O.K.
Park Brake – functions properly Control Cut Out Lever – engine only starts with the
lever raised.
Transmission – Neutral start switch functions properly Engine – operates properly
Engine – operates properly Upperstructure Lights, Indicators, and Gages –
function properly
Dash Lights, Indicators, and Gages – function properly Control Cut Out Lever – controls do not operate
while in the raised position.
Low Air Warning Buzzer – sounds with less than 60 PSI Control Pattern Decal – matches control pattern
Air Pressure – reaches minimum of 100 PSI Boom Functions (Boom - Up, Down, In, Out, Tilt
Left, Tilt Right, Bucket Open, Bucket Closed) –
function properly
Service Brakes – functions properly Swing Function – swing left, right, and swing brake
functions properly
Windshield Wiper – functions properly Swing Lights – function properly
Steering – functions properly Dig Brakes – function properly
Backup Alarm – functions properly Park Brake – functions properly
Horn – functions properly Remote Steering – functions correctly
Head Lights, Marker Lights, Turn Signals – clean and Remote Travel – forward and reverse functions
function properly correctly
Travel Alarm – functions properly
Horn – functions properly
Comments:
DO NOT OPERATE UNSAFE EQUIPMENT
Repair any deficiencies before driving or operating the equipment
Operators Signature: Date:
Gradall Series V Highway Speed Excavator Pre-Operation Inspection Checklist
ID/Serial Number: Shift: Date:
Before conducting the walk around inspection, make sure the engine is off and the transmission is in neutral with the
park brake engaged. The boom and attachment must be resting on the ground, securely blocked, or retained in the
transport position with all hydraulic pressure relieved.
Item Comments if Item Comments if
• •
not O.K. not O.K.
Operator and Safety Manuals – located in each cab Air Cleaner – check element condition indicator
Warning Decals – in place and legible Engine – oil and coolant at proper level.
Chassis Cab Windows and Door – not broken and clean, Power Steering Fluid – at proper level
door closes properly Radiator – free of debris, no leaks
Chassis Cab Seat Belt – undamaged; working condition Transmission – no leaks, undamaged
Front Axle – steering linkage - good condition; no cylinder Brakes – no damage; in good condition
or hose leaks
Wheels – check lug nut torque; no damage or cracks Grab Handles and Steps – secure and clean
Tires – proper inflation; no damage; adequate tread Horn – clean and undamaged
Air tanks – open petcocks to drain water; no damage; hoses Headlights, Marker Lights, and Turn Signals – clean
in good condition and undamaged
Work lights – Clean and undamaged Boom – rollers adjusted, no damage; secure for driving
Upperstructure cab – windows not broken and clean, door Boom Attachment – securely installed
latches in open and closed position Hydraulic Hoses – no leaks or damage
Fuel/DEF Tank(s) – no leaks; filler cap securely fastened Fuel/DEF Level(s) – adequate
Mud Flaps – positioned for driving or digging operations Windshield Washer Fluid – level adequate in each cab
Rear axle(s) – no axle leaks; axle bolts torqued Mirrors – good condition, clean, and properly adjusted
Hydraulic Oil Reservoir – oil is clear and at proper level Maintenance – up to date with schedule in manual
Boom Tilt Bearing – properly lubricated, undamaged Lubrication – Reference lubrication chart in manual
Main control valve and cover – no damage or leaks; cover Overall Machine Condition – No cracks on boom,
support gas strut and latch working properly upperstructure frame, chassis frame, or fiberglass
Battery Box – cables tight; cover properly secured
Comments:
DO NOT OPERATE UNSAFE EQUIPMENT
Repair any deficiencies before driving or operating the equipment
Operators Signature: Date:
Gradall Series V Highway Speed Excavator Pre-Operation Inspection Checklist
ID/Serial Number: Shift: Date:
Before conducting the operational check of the excavator perform a walk around inspection. Do not operate the
excavator until any discrepancies noted during the walk around inspection have been repaired. Make sure others are
clear of the machine before starting the engine and during operation.
Item • Comments if not Item • Comments if
(Chassis Operation) O.K. (Upperstructure Operation) not O.K.
Park Brake – functions properly Control Cut Out Lever – engine only starts with the
lever raised.
Transmission – Neutral start switch functions properly Engine – operates properly
Engine – operates properly Upperstructure Lights, Indicators, and Gages –
function properly
Dash Lights, Indicators, and Gages – function properly Control Cut Out Lever – controls do not operate
while in the raised position.
Low Air Warning Buzzer – sounds with less than 60 PSI Control Pattern Decal – matches control pattern
Air Pressure – reaches minimum of 100 PSI Boom Functions (Boom - Up, Down, In, Out, Tilt
Left, Tilt Right, Bucket Open, Bucket Closed) –
function properly
Service Brakes – functions properly Swing Function – swing left, right, and swing brake
functions properly
Windshield Wiper – functions properly Swing Lights – function properly
Steering – functions properly Dig Brakes – function properly
Backup Alarm – functions properly Park Brake – functions properly
Horn – functions properly Remote Steering – functions correctly
Head Lights, Marker Lights, Turn Signals – clean and Remote Travel – forward and reverse functions
function properly correctly
Travel Alarm – functions properly
Horn – functions properly
Comments:
DO NOT OPERATE UNSAFE EQUIPMENT
Repair any deficiencies before driving or operating the equipment
Operators Signature: Date:
Index
Index
A G
Adapter Attachment Installation 4-5–4-6 Grading Blade ...................................4-4
Air Tanks ........................................ 5-25
H
Approved Attachments ..................... 4-1
Hazards Lever.................................2-28
Attachment Operation ...................... 4-1
High Beam Lever ............................2-28
Attachments ..................................... 4-1
Hydraulic Oil Level ..........................5-21
Axles................................................. 7-2
Hydraulic Reservoir Breather..........5-27
B Hydraulic Return Filter Element ......5-23
Battery ..................................... 5-28, 7-3 Hydraulic System ..............................7-1
Boom Stow Procedure ................... 3-35
I
Brake System, Remote Mode ........ 3-17
Ignition, Undercarriage....................2-27
Brake System, Travel Mode ............. 3-4
Ignition, Upperstructure...................2-44
C Information Display .........................2-25
Capacities......................................... 7-1 In-Line Pilot Filter ............................5-29
Chemical Hazards .......................... 1-10 Intermittent Wiper/Washer, Upperstruc-
Cooling System ................................ 7-1 ture...........................................2-45
Crush Hazards ................................. 1-6 J
D Joystick Control Pattern Selection ..2-38
Dash Panel............................ 2-12, 2-22 Joystick Controls.............................2-39
Decals .............................................. 2-6 L
Dig Cycle ........................................ 3-22 Left Hand Arm Pod .........................2-36
Ditching Buckets............................... 4-2 Lift Capacity ....................................3-31
Dredging Bucket............................... 4-4 Lifting a Load ..................................3-28
E Load Falling Hazard..........................1-9
Electrical Hazards ............................ 1-2 Lubrication & Maintenance ...............5-1
Electronic Monitoring Unit .............. 2-32 Lubrication Schedule, Undercarriage.....
5-10
Emergency Procedures.................... 6-1
Monthly (125 Hour Max) ............5-10
Engine Crankcase Oil....................... 7-1 Semi-Annual (750 Hour Max) ....5-14
Engine Shutdown, Remote Mode... 3-33 Lubrication Schedule, Upperstructure....
Engine Shutdown, Travel Mode ..... 3-14 5-18
Excavating Buckets .......................... 4-2 Annual (1500 Hour Max) ...........5-19
Daily/Shift (10 Hour Max) ..........5-18
F
O
Fuel Level....................................... 5-20
Operation, Remote Control .............3-15
Fuel Tank ......................................... 7-2
Operation, Travel Mode ....................3-1
Fuse Panel ....................................... 7-9
Operator Maintenance Instructions.5-20
80884013 1
Index
Operator Seat ................................. 2-43 Trenching Buckets ............................4-3
Turn Signal Lever............................2-28
P
Park Brake Switch, Upperstructure 2-46 U
Parking Procedure.......................... 3-36 Undercarriage Cab..........................2-10
Pavement Removal Bucket .............. 4-3 Undercarriage Cab Controls & Indicators
Personal Protection Equipment ...... 1-13 2-22
Placing a Load................................ 3-28 Upperstructure Cab.........................2-30
Pre-Operation and Controls.............. 2-1 Upperstructure Cab Controls & Indica-
tors ...........................................2-32
Pre-Operation Checks ...................... 2-1
W
R
Wheel Lug Nut ..................................7-7
Right Hand Arm Pod....................... 2-34
Right Hand Dash Panel2-13, 2-14, 2-15,
2-16, 2-17, 2-18, 2-23
S
Safety Practices................................ 1-1
Safety Signal Words ......................... 1-1
Service & Maintenance Schedule..... 5-3
1st 30 Days ................................. 5-6
250 Hour ..................................... 5-6
500 Hour ..................................... 5-7
Annual (1500 Hour Max) ............. 5-9
Daily/Shift (10 Hour Max) ............ 5-3
Monthly (125 Hour Max).............. 5-5
Semi-Annual (750 Hour Max)...... 5-8
Weekly (50 Hour Max) ................ 5-4
Shifting Gears................................. 3-10
Slack Adjuster Check ..................... 5-30
Slip and Fall Hazard ......................... 1-5
Specifications ................................... 7-1
Swing Hazards ................................. 1-3
T
Tip Over Hazard ............................... 1-9
Tire Pressure ........................... 5-26, 7-3
Tires.................................................. 7-3
Transfer Case................................... 7-2
Transmission .................................... 7-1
Travel Hazard ................................... 1-8
Travel/Remote Display ................... 2-24
2 80884013
Hand Signals
OY1090
OY1100 OY1110
EMERGENCY STOP - With both STOP - With either arm extended STOP ENGINE - Draw thumb or
arms extended laterally, hands laterally, hand open downward, forefinger across throat.
open downward, move arms back move arm back and forth.
and forth.
OY1120 OY1130 OY1140
RAISE BOOM - With either arm LOWER BOOM - With either arm MOVE SLOWLY - Place one hand
extended horizontally, fingers extended horizontally, fingers motionless in front of hand giving
closed, point thumb upward. closed, point thumb downward. motion signal. (Raise load slowly
shown)
OY1150 OY1160 OY1170
EXTEND BOOM - With both RETRACT BOOM - With both THIS FAR TO GO - With hands
hands clenched, point thumbs hands clenched, point thumbs raised and open inward, move
outward. inward. hands laterally, indicating distance
to go.
OAC0300
OAC0310 OAC0320
SWING- With either arm extended OPEN BUCKET- Hold one hand CLOSE BUCKET- Hold one hand
horizontally, point with forefinger to open and stationary. Rotate other closed and stationary. Rotate
direction of swing rotation. hand in small vertical circle with other hand in small vertical circle
forefinger pointing horizontally at with forefinger pointing
open hand. horizontally at closed hand.
Special Signals - When signals for auxiliary equipment functions or conditions not covered are required, they
shall be agreed upon in advance by the operator and signalman.
Gradall Industries, Inc.
406 Mill Ave SW
New Philadelphia OH. 44663
USA
Phone: (330) 339-2211
Customer Support Toll Free: (800) 445-4752
Fax: (330) 339-3579
www.gradall.com
Gradall Europe
Division of Tieluiska
Harkkokatu 6
FI-05800 Hyvinkää, Finland
Tel. +358 (0)20 759 0400
Fax. +358 (0)19 485 278
VAT:FI05973039
www.gradalleurope.com
Electric Drives Linear Motion and
and Controls Hydraulics Assembly Technologies Pneumatics Service
Verstellpumpe A11VO/A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
Variable Pump A11VO/A11VLO
Baureihe / Series 11
NG / Size 190 – 260
Reparaturanleitung / Repair Manual
Baugruppen / Assembly Groups
2/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
Vermeidung von Gefahren Avoiding Dangers
Für einen sicheren Betrieb und um Schäden bei der Reparatur To ensure safe operations and avoid damages during repairs,
zu vermeiden, lesen Sie diese Reparaturanleitung sorgfältig read this repair manual carefully and attentively.
und aufmerksam durch!
Für Personen- oder Maschinenschäden, die durch Nichtbe- Bosch Rexroth AG accepts no responsibility for personal
achtung dieser Reparaturanleitung entstehen, verfällt jegliche injuries or damages to the machine that arise from disregarding
Gewährleistung der Bosch Rexroth AG. this repair manual.
1 Zu dieser Anleitung 1 About this Manual
Diese Anleitung unterstützt Sie bei der Reparatur und der This manual supports you in the repair, adjustment and recom-
Wiederinbetriebnahme von Rexroth A11VO/A11VLO Verstell- missioning of Rexroth A11VO/A11VLO variable pumps. The
pumpen Diese Anleitung umfasst die folgenden Kapitel: manual is structured as follows:
• „Sicherheit“ auf Seite 7 • “Safety” on page 7
Hier erhalten Sie grundsätzliche Hinweise zum sicheren This chapter provides you with basic hints and tips regarding
Umgang mit Verstellpumpen und zu deren Betrieb. working with and operating variable pumps.
Lesen Sie dieses Kapitel, bevor Sie anfangen zu arbeiten. Read this chapter before you start working.
• „Produktbeschreibung“ auf Seite 11 • “Product Description” on page 11
Hier erfahren Sie, wie Sie den Typ einer Verstellpumpe This chapter explains how you identify the fvariable pump.
feststellen. Ferner finden Sie hier eine Übersicht über die Additionally, it provides you an overview about how the
Funktionsweise und Informationen zur bestimmungsgemäßen variable pump works and information regarding the correct
Verwendung der Pumpe usage.
Lesen Sie dieses Kapitel, um Ihr Grundwissen über Verstell- Read this chapter to refresh your knowledge of the variable
pumpen aufzufrischen. pumps.
• „Austausch von Baugruppen“ auf Seite 15 • “Exchanging Subassemblies” on page 15
Rexroth stellt verschieden Reparatursätze zur Verfügung. Rexroth provides various replacement parts for repairs. This
Dieses Kapitel erklärt Ihnen, wie Sie Dichtungen und Bau- section explains, how you exchange seals and components
gruppen einer Verstellpumpe austauschen. of a variable pump.
• „Funktionsprüfungen“ auf Seite 25 • “Functional Checks” on page 25
Hier erfahren Sie, wie Sie die Funktion einer Rexroth This chapter explains how you check the proper function of a
A11V(L)O Verstellpumpe mit LRDS-Regler überprüfen Rexroth A11V(L)O variable pump with LRDS regulator.
können.
RDE 92500-21-R/07.07 Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO Bosch Rexroth AG 3/32
1.1 Inhalt 1.1 Content
1 Zu dieser Anleitung 2 1 About this Manual 2
1.1 Inhalt 3 1.1 Content 3
1.2 Gültigkeitsbereich dieser Anleitung 4 1.2 Validity of this Manual 4
1.3 Wichtige Unterlagen 5 1.3 Important Documents 5
1.4 Gefahrenkennzeichnungen und Piktogramme 6 1.4 Danger Labels and Pictograms 6
2 Sicherheit 7 2 Safety 7
2.1 Grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise 7 2.1 Basic Safety Information 7
2.2 Anforderungen an das Personal 10 2.2 Requirements on the Personnel 10
3 Produktbeschreibung 11 3 Product Description 11
3.1 Typschild 11 3.1 Name Plate 11
3.2 Funktionsbeschreibung 11 3.2 Functional Description 11
3.3 Technische Daten 13 3.3 Technical Data 13
4 Austausch externer Baugruppen 15 4 Exchanging External Assembly Groups 15
4.1 Triebwelle abdichten 16 4.1 Sealing the Drive Shaft 16
4.2 Reglergehäuse abdichten 19 4.2 Sealing the Control Unit Housing 19
4.3 Dichtungen austauschen 22 4.3 Replacing Seals 22
5 Funktionsprüfungen 25 5 Functional Checks 25
5.1 Vorbereitungen 25 5.1 Preparations 25
5.2 Prüfung des Load-Sensing Reglers (S) 26 5.2 Checking the Load-Sensing Control (S) 26
5.3 Prüfung des Leistungsreglers (LR) 27 5.3 Checking the Power Control (LR) 27
5.4 Prüfung des Druckreglers (D) 29 5.4 Checking the Pressure Control (D) 29
4/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
1.2 Gültigkeitsbereich dieser 1.2 Validity of this Manual
Anleitung
Diese Reparaturanleitung gilt für die Verstellpumpen A11VO/ This manual is valid for the Bosch Rexroth variable pumps
A11VLO der Bosch Rexroth AG. Informationen zu zugelas- A11VO/A11VLO. Refer to the system manufacturer for informa-
senen Druckflüssigkeiten entnehmen Sie den Angaben des tion about the allowed hydraulic fluids.
Anlagenherstellers.
Diese Reparaturanleitung richtet sich an folgende Zielgruppen: This repair manual is directed at:
• Anlagenbetreiber • the system operator
• autorisierte Fachbetriebe bzw. Händler • authorized dealers
• Anlagenhersteller • the system manufacturer
Für den Anlagenhersteller sind zusätzlich auch die jeweilige For the system manufacturer, the installation drawing, the
Einbauzeichnung, das technische Datenblatt, die Betriebsan- catalog sheet, the manual, and the confirmation of order from
leitung und die Auftragsbestätigung der Bosch Rexroth AG the Bosch Rexroth AG are also obligatory.
verbindlich.
RDE 92500-21-R/07.07 Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO Bosch Rexroth AG 5/32
1.3 Wichtige Unterlagen 1.3 Important Documents
Bevor Sie mit den in dieser Anleitung beschriebenen Arbeiten Before you start any of the procedures described in this manu-
anfangen, stellen Sie sicher, dass Sie folgende Unterlagen al, make sure you have the following documents ready to hand:
griffbereit haben:
• Auftragsbestätigung • Confirmation of Order
Die Auftragsbestätigung enthält die voreingestellten tech- The confirmation of order contains the values set during the
nischen Daten. Die Verstellpumpe darf nur unter den in der commissioning by Rexroth. The variable pump may only be
Auftragsbestätigung angegebenen Werten und Bedingun- operated with the values and conditions specified in the
gen betrieben werden. confirmation of order.
• Einbauzeichnung • Installation Drawing
Die Einbauzeichnung der Verstellpumpe enthält die Außen- The installation drawing of the variable pump contains the
abmessungen, sämtliche Anschlüsse und den Schaltplan. sizes, all connections and the wiring diagram.
• Technisches Datenblatt • Technical Data Sheet
Die technischen Datenblätter RD 92500 enthalten u. a. die The technical data sheets RE 92500 contain the maximum
zulässigen technischen Daten für die Verstellpumpen. allowed technical data for the variable pumps and further
information.
• Gesamtschaltplan der Maschine bzw. Anlage • Hydraulic Diagram / Wiring Diagram
Der Hydraulikschaltplan und der elektrische Schaltplan der The hydraulic diagram and the wiring diagram of the unit or
Maschine bzw. Anlage enthalten die Informationen zu den system contain the information related to the hydraulic or
hydraulischen bzw. elektrischen Anschlüssen. Diese Daten electric connections. You need this data to work with the
brauchen Sie, um mit der Verstellpumpe als Teil der Maschi- axial piston as part of the unit or system. You can get this
ne bzw. Anlage zu arbeiten. Die Unterlagen erhalten Sie vom information from the unit or system manufacturer.
Maschinen- bzw. Anlagenhersteller.
• RD 90300-B: Allgemeine Betriebsanleitung für Verstell- • RE 90300-B: General Manual for Variable Pumps
pumpen
Die allgemeine Betriebsanleitung unterstützt Sie bei Instal- The general manual supports you during the installation,
lation, Inbetriebnahme und Betrieb von Rexroth-Verstellpum- initiation, and operation of Rexroth variable pumps.
pen.
• Produktspezifische Betriebsanleitung • Product Specific Manual
Die produktspezifische Betriebsanleitung enthält spezielle, The product-specific manual contains specific information
für die Verstellpumpe gültige Informationen. Informieren Sie designed for the variable pump. Get in touch with Rexroth to
sich bei Rexroth, ob es zu Ihrer Verstellpumpe eine produkt- find out if there is any product-specific information on your
spezifische Betriebsanleitung gibt. variable pump.
Folgende Rexroth-Druckschriften geben Ihnen weitere Informa- The following Rexroth publications provide additional informati-
tionen zu Installation und Betrieb der Verstellpumpe: on to the installation and operation of variable pumps:
• RD 90220: Druckflüssigkeiten auf Mineralölbasis • RE 90220: Mineral-oil Based Pressure Fluids
Diese Druckschrift beschreibt die Anforderungen an eine This publication describes the requirements on a hydraulic
Druckflüssigkeit auf Mineralölbasis für den Betrieb in Rex- fluid based on mineral oil for operation in an variable pump
roth-Verstellpumpen und unterstützt Sie bei der Wahl einer and supports you in the selection of a hydraulic fluid for your
Druckflüssigkeit für Ihre Anlage. system.
• RD 90221: Umweltfreundliche Druckflüssigkeiten HEES, • RE 90221: Environmentally Acceptable Hydraulic Fluids
HEPG, HETG für Verstellpumpen HEES, HEPG, HETG for Variable Pumps
Diese Druckschrift beschreibt die Anforderungen an eine This publication describes the demands on environmentally
umweltfreundliche Druckflüssigkeit für den Betrieb mit Rex- compatible, readily biodegradeable hydraulic fluids HETG,
roth-Verstellpumpen und unterstützt Sie bei der Wahl einer HEPG, HEES that can be used in Rexroth variable pumps
Druckflüssigkeit für Ihre Anlage. and supports you by the selection of a hydraulic fluid for your
system.
• RD 90223: Verstellpumpen für den Betrieb mit HF- • RE 90223: Variable Pumps for Use with HF Fluids
Druckflüssigkeiten
Diese Druckschrift enthält zusätzliche Informationen zum Ein- This publication provides additional information for the use of
satz von Rexroth-Verstellpumpen mit HF-Druckflüssigkeiten. Rexroth variable pumps with HF hydraulic fluids.
• RD 90300-03-B: Hinweise zum Einsatz von hydrauli- • RE 90300-03-B: Instructions on the Use of Hydrostatic
schen Antrieben bei tiefen Temperaturen Drives at Low Temperatures
Diese Druckschrift enthält zusätzliche Informationen zum This publication provides additional information for the use of
Einsatz von Rexroth-Verstellpumpen bei tiefen Temperaturen. Rexroth variable pumps at low temperatures.
6/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
1.4 Gefahrenkennzeichnungen 1.4 Danger Labels and Pictograms
und Piktogramme
Diese Anleitung unterscheidet zwischen Kategorien von Gefah- This manual differentiates between the following categories of
ren gemäß ISO Guide 37: hazards, according to ISO Guide 37:
! GEFAHR ! DANGER
Weist auf hohes Risiko und die Gefahr von Tod oder schwe- Indicates high risk, mortal danger and serious injuries.
ren Verletzungen hin.
! WARNUNG ! WARNING
Weist auf mittleres Risiko und die Gefahr von Verletzungen Indicates middle risk, injuries or serious material damage.
und schweren Sachschäden hin.
! VORSICHT ! CAUTION
Weist auf geringes Risiko und Sachschäden hin. Indicates low risk or material damage.
Hinweis Note
Kennzeichnet Informationen, die zum besseren Verständnis Indicates information that contributes to a better understan-
der Maschinenabläufe beitragen oder weist auf einen beson- ding of the machine processes or indicates important informa-
deren bzw. wichtigen Sachverhalt hin. tion.
Tipp Tip
Kennzeichnet Informationen, die zum effizienteren Arbeiten Indicates information that contributes to more efficient work.
beitragen.
RDE 92500-21-R/07.07 Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO Bosch Rexroth AG 7/32
2 Sicherheit 2 Safety
Lesen Sie dieses Kapitel sorgfältig durch, bevor Sie mit Arbei- Read through this chapter carefully before you start any work
ten an der Verstellpumpe beginnen. on the variable pump.
Die Rexroth-Verstellpumpen sind im Sinne der Maschinenricht- The Rexroth variable pumps are in the sense of the machine
linie 98/37/EG Komponenten, die zum Einbau in eine Anlage guideline 98/37/EG components of a system. The safety gui-
bestimmt sind. Die Sicherheitsrichtlinien in dieser Anleitung be- delines in this manual only cover the variable pump. You must
ziehen sich nur auf die Verstellpumpe. Beachten Sie zusätzlich additionally follow the system manufacturer’s safety guidelines.
die Sicherheitsrichtlinien des Anlagenherstellers.
Informieren Sie sich an Hand der allgemeinen Betriebsan- Read the general manual for variable pump units to get more
leitung für Verstellpumpen über die bestimmungsgemäße information on the designated use and the operator‘s obligati-
Verwendung und die Sorgfaltspflicht des Betreibers und on to exercise diligence.
Bedieners.
2.1 Grundlegende 2.1 Basic Safety Information
Sicherheitshinweise
Befolgen Sie die folgenden Sicherheitshinweise und die des Pay attention to the following safety information and that of the
Anlagenherstellers genau, um Verletzungen und Gesundheits- system manufacturer to eliminate injuries and health damages
schäden sowie Sach- und Umweltschäden auszuschließen. as well as damages to material or the environment.
! GEFAHR ! DANGER
Lebensgefahr Danger to life
Das Arbeiten an nicht stillgelegten Maschinen bzw. Anlagen Working on systems that have not been shut down completely
stellt eine Gefahr für Leib und Leben dar. is life-threatening.
Die in diesem Dokument beschriebenen Arbeiten dürfen nur The work described in this document must only be carried out
an stillgelegten Maschinen bzw. Anlagen vorgenommen on a shut down system. Before you start any of the tasks:
werden. Bevor Sie mit den Arbeiten beginnen:
• Stellen Sie sicher, dass der Antriebsmotor nicht eingeschal- • Make sure that the motor cannot be switched on.
tet werden kann.
• Stellen Sie sicher, dass sämtliche kraftübertragenden Kom- • Make sure that all components and connections that carry
ponenten und Anschlüsse (elektrisch, pneumatisch, hydrau- energy (electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic) have been shut
lisch) gemäß den Herstellerangaben ausgeschaltet sind und down according to the manufacturer’s instructions and
nicht eingeschaltet werden können. Falls möglich, entfernen cannot be switched on. If possible, remove the main fuse.
Sie die Hauptsicherung der Maschine bzw. Anlage.
• Stellen Sie sicher, dass die Maschine bzw. Anlage komplett • Make sure that the system is completely unpressurized.
hydraulisch entlastet ist (drucklos). Folgen Sie hierzu den Follow the instructions of the system manufacturer.
Angaben des Maschinen- bzw. Anlagenherstellers.
! WARNUNG ! WARNING
Verletzungsgefahr Danger of injury
Um Verletzungen zu vermeiden, beachten Sie bitte folgende To avoid injuries, pay attention to the following recommendati-
Empfehlungen betreffend Sicherheitskleidung: ons regarding safety clothing:
• Tragen Sie bei Arbeiten an Maschine bzw. Anlage Sicher- • When working on the system, wear steel-toed safety shoes.
heitsschuhe mit Stahlkappen.
• Tragen Sie bei Arbeiten mit gefährlichen Stoffen (beispiels- • When working with dangerous substances (for example,
weise Druckflüssigkeiten) Schutzhandschuhe und Schutz- certain hydraulic fluids), wear protective gloves and protec-
brille. tive glasses.
8/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
! GEFAHR ! DANGER
Vergiftungs- und Verletzungsgefahr Danger of poisoning or injury
Der Kontakt mit Druckflüssigkeiten ruft Gesundheitsschäden Contact with hydraulic fluids can cause health damage (e. g.
hervor (z.B. Augenverletzungen, Haut- und Gewebeschädi- eye injuries, skin and tissue damage, poisoning due to inhalati-
gungen, Vergiftungen beim Einatmen). on).
• Überprüfen Sie vor jeder Inbetriebnahme die Leitungen auf • Always check the hydraulic lines for wear and damage prior
Verschleiß bzw. Beschädigungen. to putting the unit into operation.
• Tragen Sie dabei Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille. • When checking the lines, wear protective gloves and safety
glasses.
• Wenn dennoch Druckflüssigkeit in die Augen gelangt oder • Should pressure fluid come into contact with your eyes or
in die Haut eindringt, konsultieren Sie unmittelbar einen skin: Get medical help immediately!
Arzt.
• Beachten Sie beim Umgang mit Druckflüssigkeiten unbe- • When handling hydraulic fluids, pay attention to the hydrau-
dingt die Sicherheitsangaben des Druckflüssigkeitsherstel- lic fluid manufacturer’s safety instructions.
lers.
! WARNUNG ! WARNING
Verbrennungsgefahr Danger of burns
Die Verstellpumpe erwärmt sich während des Betriebs. Auch The variable pump heats up during operation. The unit’s
die Magnete an der Verstellpumpe werden im laufenden solenoids get hot during operation. Fingers and hands can be
Betrieb heiß. Finger und Hände können bei Berührung der badly burned when touching the variable pump or solenoids.
Verstellpumpe oder der Magnete schwere Brandverletzungen
erleiden.
• Lassen Sie die Verstellpumpe vor jedem Kontakt abkühlen. • Let the variable pump cool down prior to any contact.
• Schützen Sie sich mit hitzebeständigen Handschuhen und • Protect yourself from burns by wearing safety gloves and
Schutzkleidung. protective clothing.
! GEFAHR ! DANGER
Vergiftungs- und Verletzungsgefahr Danger of poisoning and injuries
Beim Suchen nach Leckstellen kann entweichende Druckflüs- When looking for leaks, escaping hydraulic fluid can break
sigkeit in die Haut eindringen und schwerste Vergiftungen und into the skin and cause serious poisoning and injuries.
Verletzungen hervorrufen.
• Suchen Sie nur bei abgestellter und druckloser Maschine • Look only for leaks, if the variable pump unit is shut down
nach Leckstellen. and unpressurized.
! WARNUNG ! WARNING
Verletzungs- und Beschädigungsgefahr Danger of injuries or damage
Durch falsch angeschlossene Komponenten können erhebli- Incorrectly connected components can considerably impair
che Fehlfunktionen entstehen. the functionality of a hydraulic system.
• Achten Sie auf korrekte Verrohrung gemäß Schaltplan. • Make sure that the hydraulic lines are connected properly
according to the wiring diagram.
• Führen Sie komponentenorientierte Funktionstests durch. • Check the correct functioning of all components.
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! GEFAHR ! DANGER
Feuergefahr Danger of fire
Hydraulische Druckflüssigkeit ist brennbar. Hydraulic fluid is inflammable.
• Halten Sie offenes Feuer und Zündquellen von der Verstell- • Keep open fires and ignition sources away from the variable
pumpe fern. pump.
! WARNUNG ! WARNING
Gehörschäden Danger of hearing damage
Die Geräuschemission von Verstellpumpen ist u.a. von Dreh- The noise emission produced by variable pump units depends
zahl, Betriebsdruck und Einbauverhältnissen abhängig. Es ist on speed, operating pressure, and installation. During normal
damit zu rechnen, dass der Schalldruckpegel bei normalen application conditions, over 70 dBA can be anticipated. This
Einsatzbedingungen über 70 dBA steigt. Dies kann zu Gehör- can lead to hearing damage.
schäden führen.
• Schützen Sie sich stets mit Gehörschutz bei Arbeiten in der • Always wear hearing protection when working in the vicinity
Nähe der Verstellpumpe während des laufenden Betriebs. of the variable pump during operation.
! WARNUNG ! WARNING
Umweltschäden Risk of damage to the environment
Druckflüssigkeiten sind wassergefährdende Flüssigkeiten. Hydraulic fluid is hazardous to waters.
Das Austreten von Druckflüssigkeiten kann zu Grundwasser- Hydraulic fluid leakage leads to contamination of the ground
vergiftung und Bodenverseuchung führen. and ground water.
• Bringen Sie unter der Verstellpumpe eine Auffangwanne an. • A basin for catching any hydraulic fluid must be placed
under the variable pump.
• Beseitigen Sie Leckstellen unverzüglich. • Leaks must be cleaned up immediately.
• Es sind stets die nationalen Gesetze und Vorschriften zu • Pay always attention to any national regulations and norms.
beachten. In Deutschland sind hydraulische Maschinen bzw. In Europe, hydraulic systems are considered “Systems
Anlagen „Anlagen zum Umgang mit wassergefährdenden using water-threatening substances” in the sense of the
Stoffen im Sinne des Wasserhaushaltsgesetzes (WHG)“. Water Management Law (WHG).Therefore, pay special
Beachten Sie in diesem Zusammenhang besonders §1 und attention to §1 and §19 WHG (§19g, 19i, 19l).
§19 WHG (§19g, 19i, 19l).
• Weitere Informationen finden Sie in den Rexroth- • Further information is available in the Rexroth publications
Druckschriften „Druckflüssigkeiten auf Mineralölbasis“, „Mineral-oil based hydraulic fluids“, RE 90 220. „Environ-
RD 90 220, „Umweltschonende, biologisch schnell abbau- mentally acceptable, rapid biologically degradable hydraulic
bare Druckflüssigkeiten HEPG, HEES für Axialkolbenma- fluids HEPG, HEES for axial piston units“, RE 90 221-1
schinen“, RD 90 221-1 und „Axialkolbenmaschinen für den and „Axial piston units for operation with HF hydraulic fluids,
Betrieb mit HF-Druckflüssigkeiten, RD 90 223. RE 90 223.
10/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
2.2 Anforderungen an das Personal 2.2 Requirements on the Personnel
Diese Reparaturanleitung richtet sich an Fachkräfte mit This repair manual is directed at qualified personnel with
Hydraulik-Fachwissen, die an einer Service-Schulung bei specialized hydraulics know-how who have taken part at a
Rexroth teilgenommen haben. service training at Rexroth.
Als Fachkraft gilt, wer aufgrund seiner fachlichen Ausbildung Qualified personnel is defined as persons who have sufficient
und Erfahrung ausreichende Kenntnisse hat, sowie mit den knowledge on the basis of specialized training and experience,
einschlägigen Bestimmungen so weit vertraut ist, dass er and are familiar with the relevant regulations, so that they are
able to
• die ihm übertragenenen Arbeiten beurteilen kann, • judge the delegated tasks,
• mögliche Gefahren erkennen kann, • recognize possible dangers,
• die notwendigen Maßnahmen zur Beseitigung von Gefahren • take the necessary measures for the elimination of dangers,
ergreifen kann,
• Kenntnisse über die möglichen Gesundheitsgefahren von • know the possible health risks from hydraulic fluids,
Druckflüssigkeiten hat
• und die erforderlichen Reparatur- und Montagekenntnisse • and have the required repair and installation know-how.
hat.
Hydraulik-Fachwissen bedeutet, das Personal muss Specialized hydraulics know-how means that the personnel
must:
• in der Lage sein, die Hydraulikpläne zu lesen und vollständig • be able to read and completely understand hydraulic plans
zu verstehen,
• insbesondere die Zusammenhänge bezüglich der eingebau- • especially understand completely the coherences regarding
ten Sicherheitseinrichtungen vollständig verstehen the installed safety equipment
• und Kenntnisse über Funktion und Aufbau von hydraulischen • be familiar with the function and structure of hydraulic com-
Bauteilen haben. ponents.
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3 Produktbeschreibung 3 Product Description
Dieses Kapitel gibt Ihnen einen allgemeinen Überblick über die This chapter provides a general overview of the functionality of
Funktionalität der Rexroth A11VO/A11VLO Verstellpumpen. the A11VO/A11VLO variable displacement pumps.
Machen Sie sich mit den Inhalten dieses Kapitels vertraut, You should be familiar with the contents of this chapter before
bevor Sie mit Arbeiten an einer Verstellpumpe beginnen. starting any work on the variable displacement pump.
3.1 Typschild 3.1 Name Plate
Die Verstellpumpe ist am Typschild zu identifizieren (Beispiel): The variable displacement pump can be identified on its type
plate (example):
1 Rexroth
D-89275 Elchingen
2 TYP: A11VLO190LRDS/10R-NZD12N00 7
3 MNR: R90XXXXXXX
8
4 SN: 12345678 7202
5 FD: 07W09 Rotation:
9
6 n = XXXX min -1 p = XXX kW
10
Made in Germany
Folgende Informationen finden Sie auf dem Typschild: The following information can be found on the type plate:
1 Hersteller 1 Manufacturer
2 Typschlüssel 2 Ordering code
3 Materialnummer der Axialkolbenmaschine 3 Material number of the axial piston unit
4 Seriennummer 4 Serial number
5 Fertigungsdatum 5 Date of manufacturing
6 Drehzahl 6 Speed
7 interne Werksbezeichnung 7 Internal manufacturing code
8 Drehrichtung (bei Blick auf die Welle; hier: im Uhrzeiger- 8 Direction of rotation (when facing the shaft; here: clockwi-
sinn) se)
9 Vorgesehener Platz für Prüfstempel 9 Designated space for certification stamp
10 Leistung 10 Power
Stellen Sie sicher, dass Typ und Nenngröße der zu reparieren- Ensure that the variable displacement pump to be repaired is
den Verstellpumpe mit dieser Anleitung übereinstimmen. of the type and size covered by this manual.
3.2 Funktionsbeschreibung 3.2 Functional Description
Damit Sie in der Lage sind, Probleme an der Verstellpumpe To make sure that you are able to identify problems with a
zu identifizieren und gezielt Reparaturen durchzuführen, sind variable displacement pump and to carry out specific repairs,
Kenntnisse der Funktionsweise und des Aufbaus erforderlich. familiarity with how the unit functions and its assembly are
Dieser Abschnitt gibt Ihnen eine grobe Übersicht. required. This section provides you with a rough overview.
Die A11VO/A11VLO Verstellpumpen sind Axialkolben-Verstell- The variable displacement axial piston pumps type A11VO/
pumpe in Schrägscheibenbauart für hydrostatische Antriebe A11VLO in swashplate design are designed for open circuit
im offenen Kreislauf. Der Volumenstrom ist proportional zu der hydrostatic drives. The flow is proportional to the input drive
Antriebsdrehzahl und dem Verdrängungsvolumen. Durch die speed and displacement. By adjusting the swashplate, it is
Verstellung der Schrägscheibe ist eine stufenlose Volumen- possible to infinitely vary the flow.
stromänderung möglich.
A11VLO Pumpen haben einen eingebauten Impeller (Ladepum- A11VLO pumps have a built-in impeller. This is a turbo pump
pe). Das ist eine Kreiselpumpe, die es erlaubt, die Pumpen mit that makes it possible to increase the rotational speed for
höheren Drehzahlen zu betreiben. driving the pumps.
12/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
Schnittzeichnungen Sectional Drawings
Die folgenden Schnittzeichnungen zeigen den Aufbau der The following drawings show the design of the A11VO/
A11VO/A11VLO Verstellpumpe. A11VLO variable displacement pump.
A11VLO 190, 260 LRDS
Regler /
Triebwerk / Control Unit
Rotary Unit
Qmin Stop
Antriebswelle /
Drive Shaft
Verschlussring mit Wellen-
dichtring / Ladepumpe / Impeller
Cover Ring with Shaft Seal Qmax Stop
Qmin Stop / Qmax Stop: Anschlag für minimalen/maximalen Qmin Stop / Qmax Stop: Stop for minimum/maximum swivel
Schwenkwinkel. angle.
Reglerbeispiele / Control Unit Examples
LRDS LRDH
DRS
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EP
LR: Leistungsregler Power Control
D, DR: Druckregler Pressure Control
S: Load-Sensing Load-Sensing Control
EP: Elektrische Verstellung Electrical Control
HD: Hydraulische Verstellung Hydraulic Control
3.3 Technische Daten 3.3 Technical Data
Die technischen Daten der Verstellpumpe finden Sie in der You can find the technical data for the variable displacement
Auftragbestätigung. Ergänzend dazu ist das jeweilige techni- pump in the Confirmation of Order. This is supplemented by
sche Datenblatt. Für die A11VO/A11VLO Verstellpumpe gilt the unit‘s data sheet. For the A11VO/A11VLO variable dis-
das technische Datenblatt RD 92500. placement pump, the valid data sheet is RE 92500.
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4 Austausch externer 4 Exchanging External
Baugruppen Assembly Groups
Dieses Kapitel beschreibt den Austausch von Baugruppen und This chapter describes the replacement of the externally ac-
Dichtungen der Verstellpumpen A11VO/A11VLO. cessible assembly groups and sealings of the variable pumps
A11VO/A11VLO.
Der Austausch von Dichtungen folgender Baugruppen wird The exchange of sealings of the following assembly groups is
beschrieben: described:
• Triebwelle • Drive shaft
• Regler • Control unit
• Dichtmuttern • Seal Locks
! WARNUNG ! WARNING
Gefahr von Verschleiß und Funktionsstörungen Danger of wear and malfunction
Die Sauberkeit der Druckflüssigkeit und die Lebensdauer der The durability of the hydraulic unit depends to a great extent
Hydraulikanlage stehen in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang. on how clean the unit is kept. Dirt in the hydraulic fluid can
Verschmutzung der Druckflüssigkeit führt zu Verschleiß und lead to malfunctions. Especially hard foreign matter in the hy-
Funktionsstörungen. Insbesondere harte Fremdkörper in den draulic lines, for example, welding beads and metal cuttings,
Hydraulikleitungen, wie z.B. Schweißperlen und Metallspäne, will definitely damage the axial piston unit.
beschädigen die Axialkolbenmaschine.
Beachten Sie daher unbedingt folgende Hinweise: Therefore you should observe the following instructions:
• Achten Sie auf äußerste Sauberkeit. Die Axialkolbenmaschi- • Make sure everything is kept extremely clean. The axial pis-
ne muss schmutzfrei eingebaut werden. Verunreinigungen ton unit must be installed in a dirt-free environment. Conta-
in der Druckflüssigkeit können die Funktion und Lebensdau- mination of the hydraulic fluid can lead to considerable wear
er der Axialkolbenmaschine erheblich beeinträchtigen. and malfunctions of the axial piston unit.
• Achten Sie besonders bei der Installation darauf, dass • Especially during the installation, you should make sure that
Anschlüsse, Hydraulikleitungen und Anbauteile ( z.B. Mess- ports, hydraulic conduits, and mounting components (for
geräte) sauber sind. Reinigen Sie diese gründlich, bevor example, gauges) are clean. Clean these thoroughly before
Sie Anschlüsse öffnen. Stellen Sie sicher, dass auch beim you open connections. After that, when sealing the ports,
nachfolgenden Verschließen der Anschlüsse keine Verunrei- make sure that contaminating elements cannot enter the
nigungen eindringen. system.
• Verwenden Sie für die Beseitigung von Schmiermitteln und • When removing grease and other dirt you should use ap-
anderen starken Verschmutzungen geeignete flüssige Reini- propriate liquid cleaning agents. Cleaning agents must not
gungsmittel. Es darf kein Reinigungsmittel in das Hydraulik- enter the hydraulic system.
system eindringen.
• Verwenden Sie zur Reinigung keine Putzwolle oder fasern- • Do not use cotton waste or rags which lose threads.
de Putzlappen.
• Verwenden Sie als Dichtungsmittel keinesfalls Hanf oder • Never use hemp or putty as a sealant.
Kitt.
16/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
4.1 Triebwelle abdichten 4.1 Sealing the Drive Shaft
Dieser Abschnitt erklärt, wie Sie die Triebwelle abdichten. This section explains how you seal the drive shaft.
Benötigtes Sonderwerkzeug: Required Special Tools:
• Montagebüchse • Mounting sleeve
Die Materialnummern sind je nach Pumpenmodell verschie- The material number depends on the pump model:
den:
A11VO/A11VLO A11VO/A11VLO
– NG 190: Mat. Nr. R90450647 – Size 190: Mat. no. R90450647
– NG 260: Mat. Nr. R90450941 – Size 260: Mat. no. R90450941
e
c
d
b
a
a: Sicherungsring Circlip
b: Verschlussring Cover Ring
c: Wellendichtring Shaft Seal
d: O-Ring O-ring
e: Triebwelle Drive Shaft
Um die Triebwelle abzudichten: To seal the drive shaft:
1 Kleben Sie die Triebwelle (e) ab, um Beschädigungen bei 1 Mask the drive shaft (e) for damage protection while repla-
der Montage des neuen Wellendichtrings zu vermeiden. cing the shaft seal.
e
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2 Entfernen Sie den Sicherungsring (a). 2 Remove the circlip (a).
3 Drücken Sie den Verschlussring (b) ab. 3 Press off the cover ring (b).
Damit entfernen Sie auch den Wellendichtring, der in den This action removes also the shaft seal that is pressed into
Verschlussring eingepresst ist the cover ring.
4 Entfernen Sie den Wellendichtring (c) aus dem Verschluss- 4 Remove the shaft seal (c) from the cover ring (b) and the
ring (b) sowie den O-Ring (d) aus dem Gehäuse. o-ring (d) from the housing.
Kontrollieren Sie den Verschlussring (b), die Triebwelle (e) Check the cover ring (b), the drive shaft (e), and the housing
und das Gehäuse (f) auf Verschleiß und Verunreinigungen. (f) for wear and dirt.
e
f
d
b
c
18/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
5 Pressen Sie den Wellendichtring (c) mit Hilfe der passenden 5 Using the suitable mounting bush (g) (special tool), press in
Montagebüchse (g) (Sonderwerkzeug) lagerichtig in den the shaft seal (c) until it is correctly orientated in the cover
Verschlussring ein. ring.
g
g
Bei tiefer Laufrille legen Sie eine Scheibe auf den Wellen- If the shaft is deeply grooved, insert a shim behind the shaft
dichtring. seal.
6 Fetten Sie den neuen Wellendichtring zwischen Dicht- und 6 Grease the new shaft seal between the seal and dust lips to
Staublippe leicht ein, um Trockenlauf zu vermeiden. avoid a dry run.
7 Fetten Sie den neuen O-Ring (d) leicht ein und legen Sie ihn 7 Grease the the new o-ring (d) slightly and insert it into the
in das Gehäuse (f) ein. Prüfen Sie, ob der O-Ring bündig housing (f). Ensure, that it is correctly placed.
anliegt.
8 Setzen Sie den Verschlussring mit dem Wellendichtring in 8 Insert the cover ring with the shaft seal into the housing.
das Gehäuse ein.
9 Führen Sie den Sicherungsring (a) so in das Gehäuse (f) ein, 9 Place the safety ring (a) into the housing (f) so that it locks
dass er in die dafür vorgesehene Nut des Verschlussrings into place in the respective slot of the cover ring.
einrastet.
Kontrollieren Sie den Sitz des Sicherungsrings in der Nut. Check to ensure that the circlip is correctly located within
the groove.
a
f
10 Entfernen Sie die Abklebung der Triebwelle. 10 Remove the mask from the drive shaft.
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4.2 Reglergehäuse abdichten 4.2 Sealing the Control Unit Housing
Das Reglergehäuse wird mit vier O-Ringen gegen die An- Four o-rings are used to seal the regulator housing from the
schlussplatte abgedichtet. port plate.
a: Anschlussplatte Port Plate
b: Regler Control Unit
c: O-Ringe O-rings
d: Messkolben mit Winkelhebel Measuring Piston with angled Lever
20/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
Regler, z. B. LRDS Control Unit Example, LRDS
S
D
LR
LR: Leistungsregler Power control
D: Druckregler Constant pressure control
S: Load-sensing Regler Load-sensing valve
Hinweis Note
Einstellschrauben nicht verändern. Falls erforderlich, Gewin- Do not change the position of adjustment screws. If necessa-
dehülse komplett mit Einstellschrauben ausbauen. ry, remove the complete set of threaded bush with adjustment
screws.
! VORSICHT ! CAUTION
Vor dem Abschrauben eines Reglers mit Messfeder (z. B. Before removing a control unit with measuring spring (for
LRDH, EP): example LRDH, EP):
Zuerst Steuerbuchse mit Messfeder ausbauen, dann Regler- First remove the control bush with the measuring spring, then
gehäuse abbauen!. remove the regulator housing!
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Beispiel für einen Regler mit Messfeder Example of a Control Unit with Measuring Spring
EP
Ausbauen /
Remove
Um den Regler abzudichten: To seal the control unit:
1 Entfernen Sie die fünf Befestigungsschrauben. 1 Remove the five fixing screws.
2 Drücken Sie den Regler ab. 2 Press off the control unit.
! VORSICHT ! CAUTION
Dichtfläche nicht beschädigen! Make sure that the sealing surface is not damaged!
3 Legen Sie vier neue O-Ringe in die Anschlussplatte ein. 3 Insert four new o-rings into the grooves of the port plate.
22/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
4 Achten Sie vor dem Aufsetzen des Reglers auf die korrekte 4 Before mounting the regulator ensure that the measuring
Positionierung von Messkolben und Winkelhebel (d). piston and angled lever (d) are correctly positioned.
5 Ziehen Sie die fünf Befestigungsschrauben an. 5 Insert and tighten the five fixing screws
4.3 Dichtungen austauschen 4.3 Replacing Seals
Dieser Abschnitt erklärt, wie Sie die Dichtmuttern ersetzen. This section explains how you replace the seal nuts.
Benötigtes Sonderwerkzeug: Keines Required special tools: None
Um eine Dichtmutter auszutauschen: To replace a seal nut:
1 Messen und notieren Sie das Maß X für die spätere Montage 1 Measure and write down the dimension X of the seal nut (a).
der Dichtmutter (a). You need this for the subsequent assembly.
Entfernen Sie die Dichtmutter. Remove the seal nut.
a
X
2 Schrauben Sie die neue Dichtmutter (a) ein. Blockieren Sie 2 Screw in the new seal lock (a) manually. Block the adjusting
die Stellschraube (b) während Sie die Dichtmutter festzie- screw (b) while you tighten the seal nut.
hen.
Kontrollieren Sie das Maß X nach der Montage. Check the dimension X after assembly.
a
b
RDE 92500-21-R/07.07 Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO Bosch Rexroth AG 23/32
Anziehdrehmomente für Seal-Lock Dichtmuttern Tightening Torques for Seal-Lock Sealing Nuts
(nach N 02.100) (according to N 02.100)
Gewinde / Anziehdrehmoment MA in Nm
Thread Tightening torque MA in Nm
M6 10
M6 x 0,5 11
M8 22
M8 x 1 24
M10 40
M10 x 1 44
M12 69
M12 x 1,5 72
M14 110
M14 x 1,5 120
M16 170
M16 x 1,5 180
24/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
RDE 92500-21-R/07.07 Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO Bosch Rexroth AG 25/32
5 Funktionsprüfungen 5 Functional Checks
Dieses Kapitel gibt Ihnen Beispiele, wie Sie die Funktion einer This chapter provides examples on how to check the proper
Rexroth A11VO/A11VLO Verstellpumpe mit LRDS-Regler function of a Rexroth A11VO/A11VLO variable pump with
überprüfen können. LRDS regulator.
5.1 Vorbereitungen 5.1 Preparations
1 Fordern Sie das Leistungsdiagramm bei Bosch Rexroth an. 1 Order the power curve diagram at Bosch Rexroth.
2 Überprüfen Sie die Drehrichtung. 2 Check the direction of rotation.
3 Bauen Sie die Pumpe ein, befestigen Sie sie, und befüllen 3 Install and fix the pump. Fill the housing.
Sie das Gehäuse.
Anschlüsse / Ports
A11VO/A11VLO 190 ... 260 LRDS
X
X
S
D
LR
M G M1
M: Messstelle Arbeitsanschluss Test port for pressure
M1 : Messstelle Stellkammer Test port for stroking cylinder
LR: Leistungsregler Power Control
D: Druckabschneidung Pressure Cut-off
S: Load-Sensing-Regler Load-Sensing Control
X: Anschluss für LS-Regler Port for LS Control
G: Anschluss für Fremd- Port for externally applied
stelldruck control pressure
26/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
5.2 Prüfung des Load-Sensing Reglers (S) 5.2 Checking the Load-Sensing Control (S)
Einstellvorgang Setting process
1 Auf Prüftemperatur fahren 1 Heat up the system to test temperature
2 Antriebsdrehzahl einstellen 2 Set drive speed
3 Qmin Anschlag ausschrauben 3 Screw out Qmin stop
4 Verwenden Sie folgenden Testaufbau 4 Use the following test setup
Testaufbau Test Setup
Messmotor-Volumenstrommessgerät /
Measuring Motor
Belastungsventil /
Charge Valve
Messblende - Absperrhahn /
Measuring Throttle - Locking Tap
pHD2
pdiff
pHD1
Dreiwegehahn /
3-Way Tap
Anschlüsse Connections
Dreiwegehahn /
3-Way Tap
Messblende - Absperrhahn /
Measuring Throttle - Locking Tap
M A, G X
Druckregler / Constant Pres-
sure Control
Load-Sensing-Regler /
Load-Sensing Control
Leistungsregler /
HP-Control
S M1
RDE 92500-21-R/07.07 Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO Bosch Rexroth AG 27/32
5 Messblende/Absperrhahn vorsichtig schließen bis Qmax/2 5 Carefully close the measuring throttle's locking tap up to
(halber Volumenstrom). Qmax/2 (half flow).
Hochdruck 100 bar (pHD2) nach der Messblende (Belas- Set high pressure 100 bar (pHD2) behind the measuring
tungsventil) einstellen. throttle (charge valve).
6 pdiff am LS-Regler einstellen und kontern. 6 Set pdiff at the HP-control and jam the screw.
Zum Beispiel: pdiff = 18 bar: For example: pdiff = 18 bar:
pHD2 = 100 bar pHD2 = 100 bar
pHD1 = 118 bar pHD1 = 118 bar
7 Dreiwegehahn in der X-Leitung vorsichtig schließen. 7 Close the measuring throttle's locking tap entirely.
8 Qmin Schraube anlegen, 1/2 Umdrehung wieder herausdre- 8 Place Qmin screw, screw-out again 1/2 rotation and jam the
hen und kontern. screw.
5.3 Prüfung des Leistungsreglers (LR) 5.3 Checking the Power Control (LR)
Einstellvorgang Setting process
1 Druckregler blockieren (eindrehen). 1 Block constant pressure control (screw-in).
2 Leistungsregler nach Leistungsdiagramm (LD) einstellen. 2 Set the power control as to HP diagram (power diagram).
3 Messblende, Absperrhahn öffnen. 3 At the measuring throttle, open the locking tap.
4 Förderstrom Qmax einstellen (Qmax-Schraube). 4 Set flow to Qmax (Qmax screw).
Beispiel 1 Example 1
Einstellung des Regelbeginns über einen Punkt auf der Leis- Setting the start of regulation at a point of the horse power
tungskennlinie nach Druck und Volumen. diagram (pressure/flow).
28/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
Beispiel 2 Example 2
Einstellung des Regelbeginns. Druck (Stelldruck) an M1. Setting the start of regulation, pressure (stroking pressure) at
M1.
Hinweis Note
Diese Einstellung ist „ungenau“ (Toleranz). This setting is „unprecise“ (Tolerance).
Beispiel: Example:
Regelbeginn = 120 bar. Begin of regulation = 120 bar.
Betriebsdruck langsam erhöhen bis Manometer an Slowly increase operation pressure up to pressure gauge at
M = 120 bar anzeigt. Ddabei darf der Stelldruck an M1 ca. 1/3 M = 120 bar. The positioning pressure at M1 may be up to
vom Betriebsdruck, also etwa 40 bar betragen. approx. 1/3 of the operation pressure, i.e. approx. 40 bar.
Das ist der Regelbeginn. This is the start of the regulation.
Zum Beispiel: For example:
Druck an M = 120 bar Pressure at M = 120 bar
Druck an M1 = 20 bar Pressure at M1 = 20 bar
Regelbeginn zu spät, also Leistungsüberschreitung Start of regulation too late, i.e. Power excess.
Einstellschraube herausdrehen bis ca. 40 bar erreicht werden. Unscrew setting screw until approx. 40 bar are reached.
M =120 bar
M1 =40 bar
RDE 92500-21-R/07.07 Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO Bosch Rexroth AG 29/32
5.4 Prüfung des Druckreglers (D) 5.4 Checking the Pressure Control (D)
Einstellung des Druckreglers mittels Belastungsventil nach Setting with help of the charge valve the constant pressure
Leistungsdiagramm. control as to HP diagram.
Beispiel: Druckreglereinstellung = 310 bar Example: Setting of constant pressure control = 310 bar
1 Betriebsdruck mit Belastungsventil auf ca. 350 bar erhöhen. 1 Increase operation pressure with help of charge valve to
approx. 350 bar.
2 Blockierten Druckregler vorsichtig herausdrehen bis 310 bar 2 Unscrew blocked constant pressure control carefully until
erreicht werden. 310 bar are reached.
3 Einstellschraube kontern. 3 Jam setting screw.
30/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
RDE 92500-21-R/07.07 Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO Bosch Rexroth AG 31/32
32/32 Bosch Rexroth AG Reparaturanleitung/Repair Manual A11VO / A11VLO RDE 92500-21-R/07.07
© Alle Rechte bei Bosch Rexroth AG, auch für den Fall von Schutzrechtsanmeldungen.
Jede Verfügungsbefugnis, wie Kopier- und Weitergaberecht, bei uns.
Die angegebenen Daten dienen allein der Produktbeschreibung. Eine Aussage über eine
bestimmte Beschaffenheit oder eine Eignung für einen bestimmten Einsatzzweck kann
aus unseren Angaben nicht abgeleitet werden. Die Angaben entbinden den Verwender
nicht von eigenen Beurteilungen und Prüfungen. Es ist zu beachten, dass unsere Produk-
te einem natürlichen Verschleiß- und Alterungsprozess unterliegen.
Änderungen vorbehalten.
Bosch Rexroth AG © This document, as well as the data, specifications and other information set forth in
Hydraulics it, are the exclusive property of Bosch Rexroth AG. It may not be reproduced or given to
Produktsegment Axialkolbenmaschinen third parties without its consent.
Werk Elchingen
The data specified above only serve to describe the product. No statements concerning
Glockeraustraße 2
a certain condition or suitability for a certain application can be derived from our informa-
89275 Elchingen, Germany
tion. The information given does not release the user from the obligation of own judgment
Telefon +49 (0) 73 08 82-0
and verification. It must be remembered that our products are subject to a natural process
Telefax +49 (0) 73 08 72-74 of wear and aging.
info.brm-ak@boschrexroth.de
www.boschrexroth.com/brm Subject to change.
Application &
Service Manual
AA6VM
Series 6.3
Size 55…200
RA 91604-S
12.97
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Index
Ordering of Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 3
Type Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Fluid Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Case Drain Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
HD Control Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
HZ Control Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
EZ Control Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
EP Control Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
HA Control Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Pressure Override Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Swivel Time Orifice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Start-Up Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Troubleshooting Procedure
1. Transmission does not Drive with
Prime Mover Operating Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2. Transmission Drive is Sluggish or Erratic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3. Transmission Drives in One Direction Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4. Transmission Drives in Wrong Direction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5. Insufficient Output Torque in One or Both Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6. Transmission Operates at a High
Noise Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7. Transmission Operates at a Higher
than Normal Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Begin of Stoke Adjustment, Gauge Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-21
Minimum & Maximum Swivel Angle Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-23
Replacement of Shaft Seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Routine Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Port Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Replacement Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Introduction
This manual is intended to provide the information required to successfully start up, adjust, trouble shoot and service
the Rexroth Variable Displacement Motor, Model AA6VM.
The adjustment and disassembly procedures described herein may be performed in clean conditions without affecting
the warranty. Dismantling the units beyond the stages described in this manual without the express permission of
Rexroth may void the warranty.
When performing any type of service or conversion to these motors, the utmost cleanliness of work area, tools, clean-
ing rags, and the components is required. Dirt and contamination introduced during assembly and service is a major
cause of failure in high pressure piston equipment. Therefore, the importance of cleanliness cannot be over empha-
sized.
For dimensions and detailed descriptions of the function of the various controls, please refer to brochure RA 91604.
Ordering of Parts
For Rexroth to supply the correct parts for your unit, please include all of the following information along with your parts
order.
Model Code
Serial Number
Unit Number
Part Name
Part Number
Due to modifications and improvements to our products, minor changes can occur to the parts, even though the type
code may not necessarily reflect these changes. The type number and serial number will guarantee that the correct
parts for your unit are supplied.
HYDROMATIK GMBH
ULM (DONAU)
T H E R E X R O T H C O R P. , W O O S T E R , O H I O
TYPE
AA6VM55HD1/63W-VSD520B
NO
262.20.63.10
SERIAL NO. YEAR MINERAL
1127809 10.95 OIL
MADE IN GERMANY
ROTATION
Ordering Example
To order a replacement viton shaft seal for an AA6VM variable displacement motor having the above nameplate, the
following information would be required.
+ Model Code AA6VM55HD1/63W-VSC520B
+ Serial Number 1127809
+ Unit Number 5621-004-014
* Part Name Shaft Seal
* Part Number 5000-076-026
+ This information is taken from the nameplate on the motor.
* This information is taken from page 25.
3
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Ordering Code
Fluid
Petroleum Oil (No Code)
Axial Piston Unit
Variable bent axis design, SAE
AA6V
pN = 5800 psi (400); pmax = 6500 psi (450)
Mode of Operation
Motor M
Size
≈ Displacement Vg max (cm3) 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
≈ Displacement Vg max (in3) 1.71 3.34 4.88 6.53 8.54 9.76 12.20
Control Options 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
Hydraulic control pilot pressure related HD 1 ● ● ● ● ● HD1
HD 2 ● ● ● ● ● HD2
HD 1 D ● ● ● ● ● HD1D
HD 2 D ● ● ● ● ● HD2D
Pilot pressure increase ∆p=145 psi (10 bar) With constant pressure control
Pilot pressure increase ∆p=365 psi (25 bar) 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
Hydraulic two-position control HZ1 ● ● ● ● ● HZ1
HZ3 ❍ ❍ ❍ – – HZ3
Electrical control with proportional solenoid EP 1 ● ● ● ● ● EP1
EP 2 ● ● ● ● ● EP2
EP 1 D ● ● ● ● ● EP1D
EP 2 D ● ● ● ● ● EP2D
Control Voltage 12V With constant pressure control
Control Voltage 24V 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
Electrical two-position control EZ 1 ● ● ● ● ● EZ1
with switching solenoid EZ 2 ● ● ● ● ● EZ2
EZ 3 ❍ ❍ ❍ – – EZ3
EZ 4 ❍ ❍ ❍ – – EZ4
Control Voltage 12V
Control Voltage 24V 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
Automatic control high pressure related HA 1 ● ● ● ● ● HA1.
HA 2 ● ● ● ● ● HA2.
Model without pressure increase Override Controls HA1 HA2
with pressure increase ∆p=1450 psi (100 bar) Without override (omit) ● ●
With hydraulic override ● ● T
With electrical override 12V ● ● U1
With electrical override 24V ● ● U2
With el. override, drive dir. valve 12V ● ● R1
With el. override, drive dir. valve 24V ● ● R2
Hydraulic control, speed dependent DA 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
PSt / PHD = 5/100, hydraulic drive dir. valve ● ● ● ● ● DA1
Electrical drive direction valve (12V) + electrical Qmax switching (12V) ● ● ● ● ● DA2
Electrical drive direction valve (24V) + electrical Qmax switching (24V) ● ● ● ● ● DA3
PSt / PHD = 8/100, hydraulic drive dir. valve ● ● ● ● ● DA4
Electrical drive direction valve (12V) + electrical Qmax switching (12V) ● ● ● ● ● DA5
Electrical drive direction valve (24V) + electrical Qmax switching (24V) ● ● ● ● ● DA6
➀ Size 28 and 140 Available in ISO Version Only, see Data Sheet RE 91604 – Not Available
● Available ❍ On Request; Consult Factory
4
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
AA6V M / 6 3 W – V S
Axial Piston Unit
Mode of Operation
Displacement
Control Options
Series
6
Index
3
Direction of Rotation
Bi-directional (As viewed from drive shaft) W
Seals
FPM *Phosphate ester fluids V
Shaft Type 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
Spline–SAE ● ● ● ● ● S
Mounting Flange 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
SAE 2–bolt – ● – – – C
SAE 4–bolt ● – ● ● ● D
Port Connections 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
Ports A & B; (SAE, rear end) ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ 51
Ports A & B; (SAE 4–bolt flange), on opposite sides ● ● ● ● ● 52
Port plate with secondary valves, – – ● – – 37
for mounting a motion control valve (ports A, B: rear end) ➂
Port plate with secondary valves, ● ● ● ● – 38
for mounting a motion control valve (ports A, B: rear end) ➂
Valves 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
Without valve ● ● ● ● ● 0
With built-on flushing valve ➃ ● ● ● ● ● 7
Speed Sensor 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
Without speed sensor (no code) ● ● ● ● ● Omit
With provisions for speed sensor ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ D
Beginning of Control 28➀ 55 80 107 140➀ 160 200
At min. displace. Vg min (standard for HA) ● ● ● ● ● A
At max. displace. Vg max (standard for HD, HZ, EP, EZ, DA) ● ● ● ● ● B
➀ Size 28 and 140 Available in ISO Version Only, see Data Sheet RE 91604
➂ Only possible in connection with controls HD, HA1, HA2.
➃ For design with motion control valve (port plate 37 or 38) the use of a built-on flushing valve is not possible.
● Available
❍ On Request; Consult Factory
– Not Available
5
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Technical Data
Fluid Recommendations Notes on Hydraulic Fluid Selection
The AA6VM motor in the standard design, should be used with In order to select the correct fluid, it is necessary to know the
good quality, petroleum oil based, anti-wear hydraulic fluids. normal operating temperature in the circuit in relation to the
More detailed information regarding the selection of hydraulic ambient temperature - In an open circuit, the reservoir tempera-
fluids and their application limits can be found in our Data ture and in a closed circuit, the loop temperature.
Sheets RA 90220 (Petroleum Oil), RA 90221 (Biodegradable Fluids) and
RA 90223 (Type HF-Fire Resistant/Synthetic Fluids). The hydraulic fluid should be selected so that, within the operat-
ing temperature range, the fluid viscosity is within the optimum
When operating with environmentally compatible fluids range νopt (see shaded area of the fluid selection diagram). We recom-
(Biodegradable) or fire resistant fluids (Type HF Synthetic) possible mend that the higher viscosity grade is selected in each case.
reduction of the operating specifications may be required.
Please consult us and your fluid supplier. Example: At an ambient temperature of X°, the operating tem-
perature in the reservoir is 140°F (60°C). In the optimum
Operating Viscosity Range (See Selection Diagram) operating viscosity range νopt, (shaded area), this corresponds to
In order to obtain optimum efficiency and service life, we recom- viscosity grades VG46 or VG68, VG68 should be selected.
mend that the operating viscosity (at normal operating temperature) be
selected from within the range. Important: The leakage fluid (case drain fluid) temperature is influ-
enced by pressure and speed and is typically higher than the
Optimum Viscosity (νopt) . . . . . . . . . 80–170 SUS (16–36 mm2/s) circuit temperature. However, maximum temperature at any
point in the system must be less than 240°F (115°C).
Viscosity Limits
The limiting values for viscosity are as follows: If it is not possible to comply with the above conditions because
Maximum Viscosity (νmax) . . . . . . . . . . . 7400 SUS (1600 mm2/s) of extreme operating parameters or high ambient temperature,
Only for short periods during cold start-up (t min = -40°F/C) please consult us.
Absolute Minimum Viscosity (νmin) . . . . . . . . 42 SUS (5 mm2/s)
Operating Temperature Range
Min. operating temp. . . . . . . . . . . . -13°F (-25°C)
Absolute min temp. . . . . . . . . . . . . -40°F (-40°C)
Max. operating temp. for short duration . . . . 240°F (115°C)
Please note that applications with low start-up temperatures
-40...-15°F (-40...-25°C) may require special installation posi-
tions, please consult us.
Selection Diagram
(7000) 1600 1600 (7425)
(5000) 1000
(3000) 600
(2000) 400
(1000)
V 68
VG
V 32
V 46
V
200
G
G
G
G
10
22
0
Viscosity v mm2/s (SUS)
(500) 100
(300) 60
(200)
(150)
40
,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,
36
(170)
,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,, vopt.
,,,,,,,,,,,,,
(100) 20
(80) 16
(80)
(70)
(60) 10
(50)
5 5 (42)
(40)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
(-40) (-30) (-20) (-10) (0) (10) (20) (30) (40) (50) (60) (70) (80) (90)(100)
(110)
Temperature t in °F (°C)
6
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Technical Data
Built-On Flushing Valve Operating Pressure Range
The built-on flushing valve is set at a fixed pressure of 230 psi* Maximum pressure at port A or B
(16 bar) and serves to maintain the minimum boost pressure. A Nominal pressure pn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5800 psi (400 bar)
quantity of hydraulic fluid, determined by the orifice fitted (see Peak pressure pmax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6525 psi (450 bar)
table), is drawn off from the low pressure side and passed into
the motor housing, from where it is led off to tank together with The sum of the pressures at ports A and B must not exceed
the leakage fluid. The fluid thus taken from the circuit must be 10,000 psi (700 bar). Individual pressure per side of 6525 psi
replaced with cooled oil by means of the boost pump . (450 bar) is not to be exceeded. This summation pressure is for
Different flushing volumes can be selected by means of orifices. intermittent duty only. Consult us for applications where continu-
* set primary charge relief valve accordingly. ous summation pressure greater than 7250 psi (500 bar) exists.
The following flushing volumes are possible:
Volume Orifice No. Speed Range
0.9 gpm (3.5 L/min) HU09651766/503.12.01.01 There is no limitation on minimum speed n min. If smooth shaft
1.3 gpm (5 L/min) HU09419695/503.12.01.01 rotation is required (no cogging), then the minimum speed nmin
2.1 gpm (8 L/min) HU09419696/503.12.01.01 should not be allowed to fall below 50 rpm.
2.6 gpm (10 L/min) HU09419697/503.12.01.01
3.7 gpm (14 L/min) HU09444361/503.12.01.01 The maximum flow from the pump and the minimum displace-
Values given for charge pressure ∆p = 360 psi (25 bar) ment of the variable motor together determine the maximum
When ordering please state required orifice in clear text. output speed. The minimum displacement is mechanically lim-
ited by means of an adjustment screw, so that the maximum
For Flushing valve schematic and dimensions see page 24. permissible speed (of the variable motor or driven unit) are not
exceeded.
Installation Position
Optional. The unit may be mounted in any horizontal position Adjustment range from Vg 0 to Vg max
(drive shaft axis). Other mounting orientations (Ex. drive shaft vertical)
are possible, see data sheet RA 90270 for further installation Minimum displacement (Vg min ) is factory set and secured by a
information. tamper proof cap. For special applications, the AA6VM series
6.3 is capable of zero displacement operation.
The housing must be filled prior to start-up, and must always See table page 6 for maximum permissible speeds.
remain full of fluid. Therefore, the case drain line should be
connected to the highest case drain port. Case drain pressure
Maximum shaft seal life is achieved with low case pressures and
The case drain line, or hose should be sized to accept the full low motor speeds. The values shown in the diagram are the
flow of the charge pump at the maximum anticipated drive maximum permissible case pressure and speed conditions, and
speed, with minimal pressure drop. should not be exceeded. Exceeding these values will result in
decreased shaft seal life. For short periods (t < 5 min.) case
Fluid Cleanliness Levels pressures up to 75 psi (5 bar) regardless of drive speed are per-
In order to ensure proper and reliable operation, the hydraulic missible, and up to 90 psi (6 bar) at low speeds.
fluid must be maintained at a minimum cleanliness level of 18/15
(according to ISO/DIS 4406; SAE J1165). Axial piston component life is 87 (6)
Allowable Case Pressure
28
directly dependent on the cleanliness of the fluid in the system. 55
72.5 (5)
80
pabs. max. PSI (bar)
Temperature Range -40...195°F 195...240°F 107, 140
58 (4)
(-40...90°C) (90...115°C) 160, 200
Cleanliness Recommendations: Class Class 43.5 (3)
ISO/DIS 4406 (SAE J1165) 18/15 17/14 29 (2)
NAS 1638 9 8
SAE 6 5 14.5 (1)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Filtration Motor Speed n (rpm)
Many factors influence the selection of a filter to achieve the
desired cleanliness level, including: dirt ingression rate, required Special operating conditions may require limitations of these val-
cleanliness level, and system complexity. We have found the ues.
following filter Beta (ß) ratios (ISO 4572) to be satisfactory: Note:
ß20...ß30 ≥ 100 Maximum permissible motor speeds are given on page 8.
Max. permissible case pressure pabs. max . . . . . 90 psi (6 bar)
Direction of Flow The pressure in the housing must be the same or greater than
Clockwise Rotation Counter-clockwise Rotation the external pressure on the shaft seal.
A to B B to A
7
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Technical Data
Table of Values (Theoretical values rounded)
Size 28 55 80 107 140 160 200
Displacement Variable motor Vg max cm3/rev 28.1 54.8 80 107 140 160 200
in3/rev 1.71 3.34 4.88 6.53 8.54 9.76 12.20
Vg 0 1) cm3/rev 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
in3/rev 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Speed max. rpm at Vg max nmax cont rpm 5300 4200 3750 3300 3150 3000 2750
max. rpm at Vg max nmax intermittent 2) rpm 5850 4600 4100 3650 3450 3300 3000
max. rpm at Vg < Vg .1 rpm 8000 6300 5600 5000 4700 4500 4100
Vg .1 cm3/rev 19 37 54 71 93 107 134
in3/rev 1.16 2.26 3.30 4.33 5.68 6.53 8.18
max. rpm at Vg 0 rpm 8800 7100 6300 5600 5200 5000 4500
Flow at nmax cont and Vg max Qmax L/min 149 230 300 353 441 480 550
gpm 39.4 60.8 79.3 93.3 116.5 126.8 145.3
Torque at Vg max Tk Nm/bar 0.446 0.87 1.27 1.70 2.23 2.54 3.18
Constant lb-ft/psi 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.16
Torque at Vg max (∆p = 400 bar) Tmax Nm 178 348 510 679 891 1016 1273
(∆p = 5800 psi) lb-ft 131.3 256.7 376.2 500.8 657.2 749.4 938.9
Power at nmax cont (∆p = 400 bar) Pmax kW 99 153 200 235 294 320 367
(∆p = 5800 psi) hp 132.8 205.2 268.2 315.1 394.3 429.1 492.1
Moment of inertia (about drive axis) J Kgm2 0.0014 0.0042 0.0080 0.0127 0.0207 0.0253 0.0353
lb-ft2 0.033 0.100 0.190 0.301 0.491 0.600 0.838
Weight (approximate) m kg 16 26 34 47 64 80
lbs. 35.3 57.3 75.0 103.4 141.1 176.4
1) The minimum displacement Vg min is infinitely adjustable between Vg 0 and 0.8 • Vg max. Indicate in the order: Vg min = ...cm3 !
2) Intermittent max. speed: overspeed at high-idle and over-running travel operation, t < 5 sec. and ∆p < 2200 psi (150 bar).
Output Drive
Permissible axial and radial loading on drive shaft. The values given are max. values and not permissible for continuous operation.
Size 28 55 80 107 140 160 200
Distance of Fq from shaft shoulder a mm 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 22.5 25
in 0.49 0.59 0.69 0.79 0.89 0.89 0.98
Maximum perm. radial load Fq max N 5696 10440 13114 15278 17808 20320 22896
lbs. 1281 2347 2948 3435 4003 4568 5147
Radial load/unit of operating pressure Fq /bar N/bar 14.2 23.2 29.1 34.0 39.6 45.2 50.9
Fq / psi lb/psi 0.22 0.36 0.45 0.53 0.61 0.70 0.79
Maximum perm. axial load when ±Fax max N 315 500 710 900 1030 1120 1250
stationary or in bypass operation lbs. 70.8 112.4 159.6 202.3 231.6 251.8 281.0
Maximum perm. axial load/unit of ±Fax perm/bar N/bar 4.6 7.5 9.6 11.3 13.3 15.1 17.0
operating pressure ±Fax perm/psi lb/psi 0.07 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.23 0.26
Definitions
a = Distance of Fq from shaft shoulder
Fq ±Fax max = max. perm. axial load when stationary or in
Fq max = Maximum perm. radial load bypass operation
Fq /psi (bar) = Radial load/unit oper. pressure ±Fax perm/psi = max. perm. axial load/unit operating pressure
(with min. pinion dia DR min and Vg max) a ±Fax perm/bar
for gear drive (DR min = 2.5 x Dshaft end) The effective direction of the permissible axial load must be
= required preload/unit operating pressure (radial load) to trans- taken into consideration:
mit torque with V-belt drive –Fax max = increased bearing life
(DIN 7753) (with min. disc dia DK min and Vg max) +Fax max = reduced bearing life Fax
(DK min = 5 x Dshaft end) (avoid if possible)
Optimal Force Direction of Fq Gear Drive Belt Drive
Bi-directional
45° ϕo
= pt =4 rotation
ϕ opt 5° Bi-directional
rotation
By means of appropriate force directions 70
° ϕo
pt =
t= 70
ϕ op °
of Fq the bearing load caused by internal
rotary group forces can be reduced. An
optimum life expectancy of the bearing CW Rotation
can be reached. CCW Rotation
Pressure at Port A
CW Rotation CCW Rotation
Pressure at Port A Pressure at Port B
Pressure at Port B
8
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Technical Data
Speed, Displacement, Pressure, Torque Example
Given: Required:
• Size 107 • Max. perm. displacement
Diagram 1 • Speed n = 3860 rpm • Torque
• nmax at Vg max (see table of values)
• Pressure ∆p = 4350 psi (300 bar)
Vg max 1.0
Solution: From diagram 1:
Speed ratio Displacement ratio
g max
Vg
0.8
Displacement Ratio V
n 3860 Vg
= = 1.17 = 0.85
nmax at Vg max 3300 Vg max
0.6
Therefore displacement Vg = 0.85 • Vg max
= 0.85 • 107 cm3 = 91 cm3
0.4
From diagram 2 displacement Vg = 91 cm3 at pressure Dp =
4350 psi (300 bar) gives a torque of approximate. 320 lb-ft (435
0.2 Nm) (theoretical values, without considering efficiency).
Vg 0 0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.01.4 1.2
1.6 Speed Sensor ( D )
n Version A6VM. . . D (“with provisions for speed sensor”) includes
Speed Ratio
nmax at Vg max toothed collar on the rotary group.
A speed-proportional signal is produced by means of the rotat-
Diagram 2 ing, toothed rotary group which can be picked up by a suitable
sensor and fed back for evaluation.
The speed sensor can be screwed into the upper drain port. An
Vg (cm3)
additional adapter piece is necessary for the drain ports in order
0 40 80 120 160 200 to install the speed sensors (M18 x 1.5).
NG (Vg max)
5800 400
Pressure ∆ p (PSI)
Pressure ∆ p (bar)
0 Size 28 55 80 107 140 160 200
7
20
10
80
No. of teeth 42 54 58 67 72 75 80
16
55
4350 300
0
14
length of thread (mm)19.9 19.9 19.9 19.9 31.9 31.9 31.9
28
The speed sensor is not included in standard supply;
2900 200 Suitable sensors: order separately!
– Inductive impulse detector ID (see RA 95038)
– Hall effect speed sensor HD (see RA 95042)
1450 100
Speed Sensor (ID/HD)
0 0
0 400 800 1200 1600
Torque M (Nm)
0 400 800 1200
Torque M (Lb-ft)
Reference Formulas
Input Flow Q=
Vg • n
231 • η v ( Q=
Vg • n
1000 • η v )
( )
Vg = Geo. displacement - in3 (cm3)
Vg • ∆p • η 1.59 • Vg • ∆p • η
Output Torque M=
mh
M=
mh M = Torque - lb-ft (Nm)
24 • π 100 ∆p = Pressure drop - psi (bar)
( )
n = Speed - rpm
Q • ∆p • η Q • ∆p • η
Output Power P=
M•n
=
t
P=
2π • M • n
=
M•n
=
t ηv = Volumetric Efficiency
5252 1714 60000 9549 600 ηmh = Mechanical hydraulic efficiency
( )
ηt = Total efficiency (ηt=ηv x ηmh)
Q • 231 • η v Q • 1000 • η v Q = Flow - gpm (L/min)
Output Speed n= n=
Vg Vg P = Drive Power - hp (kW)
9
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
HD Hydraulic Control
Pilot Pressure Related
The pilot pressure related hydraulic control allows infinite varia- The required control oil is taken from the high pressure side; for
tion of the motor displacement in relation to a pilot pressure this, a minimum operating pressure of 220 psi (15 bar) is neces-
signal. The control function is proportional to the pilot pressure sary. If it is necessary to operate the control at an operating
applied at port X. pressure of < 220 psi (15 bar), a boost pressure of min. 220 psi
(15 bar) must be applied at port G via an external check valve.
HD1 Max. perm. pilot pressure . . . . . . . . 1450 psi (100 bar)
Pilot pressure increase (Vg max - Vg 0) . . . . ∆pS = 145 psi (10 bar)
Start of control, adjustable . . between 30–300 psi (2–20 bar) 464 (32) 1160 (80)
Standard setting: start of control at 45 psi (3 bar)
end of control at 185 psi (13 bar)
406 (28) 1015 (70)
HD2
Pilot pressure increase (Vg max - Vg 0) . . . . ∆pS = 360 psi (25 bar) 348 (24) 870 (60)
Start of control, adjustable . . . . . between 70–725 psi (5–50 bar)
Pressure Increase–psi (bar)
Standard setting: start of control at 145 psi (10 bar) 290 (20) 725 (50)
end of control at 500 psi (35 bar)
When ordering please state required start of control in clear text, 232 (16) 580 (40)
Begin of Regulation
Adjustment Range
e.g. start of control at 45 psi (3 bar).
174 (12) 435 (30)
113 (8) 290 (20)
58 (4) 145 (10)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 HD1 HD2
Vg 0 Vg V g max
V g max Displacement
Standard version:
HD1; HD2 Start of control at Vg max (max. torque, min. speed)
End of control at Vg min (min. torque, max. speed)
Variation: Constant Pressure Control (D)
The constant pressure control is superimposed on the HD func-
tion. Should system pressure rise as a result of the load torque
or reduction of the motor swivel angle, when the setting of the
constant pressure control is reached the motor is swivelled out
to a higher angle.
As a result of the increased displacement and consequent pres-
sure reduction, the control deviation is eliminated. By increasing
the displacement the motor produces a higher torque at a con-
stant pressure.
Setting range of constant pressure control valve:
1160...5800 psi (80...400 bar).
HD1D;HD2D
Control Characteristics Units HD1 HD2 HD1D HD2D
Adjustable range: pilot pressure at “X” for psi 30 70 30 70
control begin (bar) (2-20) (5-50) (2-20) (5-50)
Pilot pressure increase (∆p) for displacement psi 145 360 145 360
adjustment Vmax to Vmin bar (10) (25) (10) (25)
Maximum allowable pilot pressure at “X” psi 1450 1450 1450 1450
(bar) (100) (100) (100) (100)
Minimum system pressure required at port A, B, psi 220 220 220 220
or G for correct control function bar (15) (15) (15) (15)
10
RA 91604/01.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
HZ Hydraulic Two-Position Control
The hydraulic two-position control allows the displacement to be
set to Vg min or Vg max by applying or venting pilot pressure at port
X.
The required control oil is taken from the high pressure side; for
Pilot pressure–psi (bar)
this, a minimum operating pressure of 220 psi (15 bar) is neces-
sary. If it is necessary to operate the control at an operating
145 (10)
pressure of < 220 psi (15 bar), a boost pressure of min. 220 psi
(15 bar) must be applied at port G via an external check valve.
Standard version
Pilot pressure at port X = 0 psi motor set to Vg max
Pilot pressure at port X ≥ 145 psi (10 bar) motor set to Vg min 0
Vg 0 V g max
Displacement
HZ1 HZ3
Size 55, 80, 107, 140, 160, 200 Size 55, 80, 107
EZ Electrical Two-Position Control
with Switching Solenoid
The electrical two-position control with switching solenoid allows
the displacement to be set to Vg min or Vg max by energizing or de-
energizing the solenoid.
Solenoid de-energized motor set to Vg max
Solenoid energized motor set to Vg min
EZ1, EZ3 switching solenoid 12 V DC, 26W (EZ1) 30W (EZ3)
EZ2, EZ4 switching solenoid 24 V DC, 26W (EZ2) 30W (EZ4)
The required control oil is taken from the high pressure side; for
this, a minimum operating pressure of 220 psi (15 bar) is neces-
sary. If it is necessary to operate the control at an operating
pressure of < 220 psi (15 bar), a boost pressure of minimum 220
psi (15 bar) must be applied at port G via an external check
valve.
EZ1, EZ2 EZ3, EZ4
Size 55, 80, 107, 140, 160, 200 Size 55, 80, 107
11
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
EP Electrical Control
with Proportional Solenoid
The electrical control with proportional solenoid allows infinite The required control oil is taken from the high pressure side; for
variation of the motor displacement in relation to an electrical this, a minimum operating pressure of 15 bar is necessary. If it
signal. is necessary to operate the control at an operating pressure of
The control function is proportional to the electrical control cur- < 220 psi (15 bar), a boost pressure of min. 220 psi (15 bar)
rent applied. must be applied at port G via an external check valve.
Adjustment of the control speed or limiting of the displacement
Standard version: (Iimiting of swivel) range by electrical means is possible using
Start of control at Vg max ( max. torque, min. speed) the following control devices:
End of control at Vg min (min. torque, max. speed) Proportional amplifier PV . . . . . . . . . . see RA 95023
Chopper amplifier CV . . . . . . . . . . . see RA 95029
Model Control Voltage Control Current Proportional solenoid driver MDSD . . . . . . see RA 29864
(DC) Start – End of Control Multi purpose controller EDA . . . . . . . . see RA 29895
EP1 12 V 400mA – 1200mA (12 V) (24 V)
EP2 24 V 200mA – 600mA 1600 800
max max
1400 700
1200 600
1000 500
Pilot current I (mA)
800 400
600 300
400 200
200 100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 EP1 EP2
Vg 0 Vg V g max
EP1, EP2 V g max
Displacement
Variation: Constant Pressure Control (D)
The constant pressure control is superimposed on the EP func-
tion. Should system pressure rise as a result of the load torque
or reduction of the motor swivel angle, when the setting of the
constant pressure control is reached the motor is swivelled out
to a higher angle.
As a result of the increased displacement and consequent pres-
sure reduction, the control deviation is eliminated. By increasing
the displacement the motor produces a higher torque at a con-
stant pressure.
Setting range of constant pressure control valve 1160...5800 psi
(80...400 bar).
EP1D, EP2D
Control Characteristics Units EP1 EP2 EP1D EP2D
Control voltage Vdc 12 24 12 24
Control current for control begin mA 400 200 400 200
pressure override adjustment range psi - - 1160-5800 1160-5800
(bar) - - (80-400) (80-400)
Minimum system pressure required at port A, B, psi 220 220 220 220
or G for correct control function bar (15) (15) (15) (15)
12
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
5800 (400)
HA Automatic Control
High Pressure Related 5075 (350)
≤ ∆p 145 psi (10 bar)
Operating pressure ∆p–psi (bar)
With the automatic, high pressure related control, setting of the HA1
Pressure Increase
4350 (300)
displacement is effected automatically as a function of the oper-
Begin of Regulation
Adjustment Range
ating pressure. 3625 (250)
Start of control at Vg min (min. torque, max. speed) 2900 (200)
End of control at Vg max (max. torque, min. speed)
2175 (150)
This control device measures the operating pressure at A or B
1450 (100)
internally (no pilot line required) and swivels from Vg min to Vg max
once the pressure setting of the control is reached.
725 (50)
HA1 0
Version with virtually no pressure increase from start of control 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Vg 0 Vg V g max
to end of control.
V g max Displacement
Pressure increase (Vg min to Vg max) ≤ ∆p 145 psi (10 bar)
Start of control adjustable between 1160–5100 psi (80–350 bar)
(State required setting in clear text when ordering)
HA1
Size 55, 80, 107, 140, 160, 200
HA2 Variation: Hydraulic Override of Pressure Setting
Version with pressure increase from start to end of control. (HA1T, HA2T)
Pressure increase (Vg min to Vg max) = ∆p 1450 psi (100 bar) On versions HA1, HA2 the pressure setting (start of control) can
Start of control adjustable between 1160–5100 psi be influenced by applying a pilot pressure at port X.
(80 ...350 bar)
(State required setting in clear text when ordering) The pressure setting is reduced by 250 psi per 14.5 psi pilot
pressure. (i.e. –Pilot pressure to high pressure ratio: 1:17)
Example:
Pilot pressure at port X 0 psi (0 bar) 150 psi (10 bar)
Pressure setting 4350 psi (300 bar) 4350 psi (300 bar)
Start of control 4350 psi (300 bar) 1885 psi (130 bar)
If the override is only required to set the max. displacement
(motor swivel to Vg max), a pilot pressure of up to 1450 psi
(100 bar) max. is permissible.
HA2
5800 (400)
∆p = 1450 psi (100 bar)
5075 (350)
Operating pressure ∆p–psi (bar)
Pressure Increase
4350 (300)
Begin or Regulation
Adjustment Range
3625 (250)
2900 (200)
2175 (150)
1450 (100)
725 (50)
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Vg 0 Vg V g max
V g max Displacement
13
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Pressure Override
Control Description
Motors fitted with this option allow remote control of the motor
displacement until system pressure reaches the pressure setting
of the pressure override (POR) valve. When this occures, dis-
placement adjusts automaticly towards maximum angle, until the
product of displacement and set (system) pressure satisfies the
output torque demand on the motor.
System pressure greater than the set pressure of the POR valve
will keep the motor at maximun displacement, even if the HD,EP
control signal is set to send the motor to minimum displacement.
A
Adjustment Proceedure
Turn adjustment screw “A” in so that the POR does not function
then set HD begin point as describe on pg. 21. Then with the HD
control commanding the motor towards minimum displacement
raise the pressure at the “G” port to the desired POR setting.
Then turn adjustment screw A until the pressure at M1 is less
than 1/2 of “G” port. Turning adjustment screw “A” CW raises POR Installation
pressure at “M1”, turning adjustment screw “A” CCW lowers G
pressure at “M1”.
Orifice Plug " B" Orifice Plug " A" Passage 1 Passage 2
Uni-Directional Bi-Directional
Shuttle Orifice Shuttle Orifice
"M 1" Port
Motor Cap
There are two types of self-cleaning swivel-time orifices avail- The bi-directional shuttle orifice can be inserted with either
able, a uni-directional and a bi-directional. This means that one tapered end in first. It's orientation does not affect flow control.
type of shuttle orifice will control flow in one direction and will The orientation of the uni-directional shuttle is important. With
free flow in the other. The second type of shuttle orifice will con- the uni-directional shuttle assembled into the motor cap as
trol flow in both directions. Both types of shuttle orifices are shown above, controlled flow will be from passage 2 to passage
shown above. 1 (into the stroking piston). Free flow will occur from passage 1
to passage 2 (out of the stroking piston). To reverse flow con-
A swivel-time orifice kit is made up of two orifice plugs and one trol, rotate the uni-directional shuttle orifice 180°. The orifice plug
shuttle orifice. This kit is inserted into the "M1" port of the motor “B” requires a 5mm Allen Wrench and orifice plug “A” requires a
cap (see page 26 for "M1" port location). There is only one way 6mm Allen Wrench.
to properly insert the swivel-time kit. First, thread orifice plug "A"
into the "M1" port until it bottoms. Caution: Do not overtighten Note: When using a uni-directional shuttle orifice, it will typically
this orifice plug. Next, insert the shuttle orifice in it's proper ori- be assembled to control motor swivel time from minimum to
entation for desired flow control. Finally, thread orifice plug "B" maximum displacement. Contact Rexroth for more details.
into the "M1" port until it is tightly against orifice plug "A". Plug
port "M1".
14
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Installation
The AA6VM motor may be mounted in any position. When Each application should be analyzed to determine the proper
mounting in a shaft up position, special considerations regarding method of filtration needed to maintain the required cleanliness
the case drain line may be required to ensure the motor bear- levels, as contaminant generation and ingression can vary
ings are always immersed in oil. greatly,depending on the configuration and complexity of the
system. For particular system requirement, or for application
The AA6VM is usually face mounted to a final drive gear box outside these parameters, a Rexroth Applications Engineer
with the shaft engaging a mating female splined gear hub or should be consulted.
spline adapter. The large drive shaft bearings permit vee or
toothed belt pulleys, or gear pinions to be mounted directly to Pre-Start Procedure
the drive shaft. (Consult Rexroth for radial and axial force limita- This should be performed prior to start-up a new installation, or
tions.) The motor may also be used to transmit power via a for a system in which new or overhauled components have been
universal drive shaft. The case drain line should be connected fitted.
to the highest case drain port so that the motor always remains 1. Ensure that hydraulic reservoir piping and pressure hoses
full of oil. are cleaned and flushed.
For mobile applications, the oil reservoir capacity required (in 2. Fill the reservoir through fill pump and filter.
U.S. gallons) is generally .75 to 1 times the charge pump flow (in
U.S. gallons per minute) for a one pump, one motor transmis- 3. If there is any doubt regarding the absolute cleanliness of
sion. The heat exchanger should be located between the pump the system, fit high pressure bi-direction filters in high pres-
case drain and the reservoir, and sized to accept the full flow of sure lines as shown in following diagram. the filters are in
the charge pump at the maximum anticipated drive speed. addition to the installed suction and return filters.
To accommodate slight shaft misalignment and to dampen
vibration, use of a flexible coupling is recommended. The motor
user should work closely with the coupling manufacturer in
selecting and applying a suitable coupling . When flexible cou-
plings, Veebelts or toothed timing belts are to be used, the
coupling halve, gear or pulley, should be secured to the drive M
shaft using a spacer between the coupling and the shoulder on
the drive shaft, and locking the coupling to the shaft by using a
set screw into the threaded hole in the end of the shaft. If this is
not possible, as when mounting the motor to a drive gearbox,
Optimoly Paste White T multipurpose lubricating paste or equiv-
alent must be applied to the shaft to avoid fretting corrosion of
the spline. 4. Check that all filters have elements of the correct rating and
the filter housing are filled with the hydraulic fluid to be used
Motor Flushing in the system.
A flushing valve is usually required when a motor will be oper-
ated for extended periods of time at high speed and/or high 5. Where possible, fill the high pressure lines.
pressure conditions.
6. Open suction line valves.
A flushing valve is available for manifold mounting on the rear
cover of an AA6VM motor. This valve provides a regulated flow 7. Fill pump and motor case to the highest drain or vent port.
of oil from the low pressure side of the loop into the motor case.
This oil is used to cool and flush the motor bearings. 8. Check that all pressure connections are secure.
Note: Consult Rexroth application engineer to determine if a
motor flushing valve is required for your application. 9. Ensure all mechanical gear boxes have the correct oil type
and are filled to the prescribed level.
B
10. Fully back off all high pressure relief valves and then reset
one half turn against the spring.
11. Fit 10,000 psi pressure gauges to each high pressure line.
12. Fit 500 psi pressure gauges to charge and pilot circuits.
13. Fit 100 psi pressure gauge to pump case drain port.
A TG 14. Fit vacuum gauge to the charge pump suction line, as close
as possible to suction port.
EP1 and EP2 Control with Flushing Valve
Filtration 15. Release brakes and jack up the driving wheels. Winches
The fluid should be filtered prior to system start-up, and continu- should be started without the cable fitted.
ously during operation to achieve and maintain a cleanliness
level of ISO 18/15 (This corresponds approximately to NAS 16. Ensure that the fluid temp. in the reservoir is 45˚F or higher.
1638 class 9, or SAE [1963] Class 6.) This recommendation
should be considered a minimum, as better cleanliness levels 17. Ensure that the motor minimum displacement (maximum
will significantly increase component life. speed) is set correctly as shown on page 23.
15
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Start-Up Procedure
The following procedure has been developed based on experi-
ence with most types of applications, however certain
applications may require a departure from or variation to this
procedure.
For the start-up of new or overhauled installations.
1. If the prime mover is: 18. Check oil level and temperature.
Internal combustion engine: (Diesel, gasoline or LP)- 19. Remove and inspect high pressure filter elements, if so
Remove the coil wire, close the injector rack or leave the equipped. Replace with new elements.
gas turned off and turn the engine over until the charge
pressure reaches 50 psi or more. 20. Operate transmission under no load conditions for about 15
minutes to stabilize the temperature and remove any resid-
Electric Motor: Jog the starting circuit until the charge pres- ual air from the fluid.
sure reaches 50 psi or more.
21. Again remove and inspect high pressure filter elements, “if
2. Start the prime mover, and if possible, maintain a pump so equipped.” If clean, the high pressure, bi-direction filters
speed of approximately 750 rpm for 5 minutes. This will may be removed from the circuit. If contamination is still
allow the system to be filled. evident, fit new elements and continue flushing until the sys-
tem is clean.
3. Listen for any abnormal noises.
22. Replace the elements in the charge pump suction or pres-
4. Check for oil leaks. sure filter, whichever is installed.
5. Run prime mover to 1800 rpm. (Adjust to the design speed 23. Operate the transmission under full and normal load condi-
if less than 1800 rpm.) tions.
6. Set charge and pilot pressure as required for the applica- 24. Erratic operation may indicate there is still air trapped in the
tion. (Refer to circuit schematic) system. By working the pump control to one or both sides
the remaining air can be eliminated. The system is free of
7. Bleed the pilot lines by loosening the connections on the air when all functions can be operated smoothly and when
motor “X” port(s) and then actuate the remote control unit in the oil in the reservoir is no longer aerated. (Usually less
both directions until oil seeps from the connections. Also than 1 hour of operation)
bleed the pilot lines to the pump (if any).
Note:
8. Retighten all connections. If, after following the Pre-Start and Start-up procedures, the
transmission does not perform correctly, refer to the rele-
9. Operate the control to work the hydrostatic transmission at vant sections of the trouble-shooting procedures on pages
approximately 20% of maximum speed. 17, 18 & 19.
10. Deaerate system by venting a bleed valve or by cracking
the highest connection until fluid seeps out without bubbles.
11. Check fluid level and add fluid if necessary.
12. Continue operating transmission and gradually increase to
full speed, still with no load.
13. With controls neutralized, check for creep in neutral. If evi-
dent, center the control in accordance with the instructions
in the pump service manual.
14. Check that the controls are connected so that the transmis-
sion operates in the correct direction related to the control
input.
15. Continue to monitor all pressure gauges and correct any
irregularities.
16. Apply brakes and set high pressure relief valves (and pres-
sure override if installed) to levels required for the
application by stroking the pump to approximately 20% of
maximum displacement.
17. Check security of high pressure connections.
16
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Troubleshooting Procedure
To aid in troubleshooting, refer also to the Hydrostatic This procedure was written to aid the troubleshooter in following
Transmission Pump Service Manual. Procedure assumes a logical approach to a system fault.
gauges are installed.
1. Transmission does not Drive with the Prime Mover Running
1.1 Is there oil in the reser- No Fill reservoir. 1.15 Is the reservoir air No Proceed to step 1.16.
voir? Yes Proceed to step1.2. breather blocked or Yes Clean or Replace air
undersized? breather.
1.2 Is engine clutch en- No Engage clutch.
gaged? Yes Proceed to step 1.3. 1.16 Remove charge pres- No Refit cartridge and pro-
sure relief valve ceed to step 1.17.
1.3 Is the hydraulic piping in No Correct the piping. cartridge and inspect. Yes Fit a new cartridge and
accordance with the Yes Proceed to step 1.4. Is it damaged? return to step 1.7.
hydraulic circuit?
1.17 Remove and inspect No Proceed to step 1.18.
1.4 Is the pump direction of No Fit pump having the charge pump assembly. Yes Repair or replace dam-
rotation correct? correct direction of rota- Is it damaged? aged components and
tion. return to step 1.7.
Yes Proceed to step 1.5.
1.18 Is the charge pump No Refit charge pump.
1.5 Is there a broken pipe, No Proceed to step 1.6. installed for correct Return to step 1.7.
loose fitting or burst Yes Repair the fault. direction of rotation? Yes With proper charge
hose? pressure, and transmis-
sion still does not
1.6 Are the brakes re- No Check brake release operate, proceed to
leased? circuit or mechanism. step 1.19.
Yes Proceed to step 1.7.
1.19 Is control medium con- No Connect appropriate
1.7 Is there any charge No Proceed to step 1.10. nected to pump control? medium and check that
pressure? Yes Proceed to step 1.8. Hydraulic pilot pressure control signal is actually
mechanical cable or being applied to the
1.8 Is the charge circuit at No Proceed to step 1.9. linkage. 12 or 24 volts pump stroker.
the recommended pres- Yes Proceed to step 1.19. dc, electrical current. Yes Proceed to step 1.20.
sure level while the
pump is running at nor- 1.20 Is maximum displace- No Select maximum dis-
mal operating speed? ment selected on the placement.
variable motors? (If not Yes Proceed to step 1.21.
1.9 Can the charge pres- No Proceed to step 1.10. done automatically)
sure be adjusted at the Yes Adjust charge pressure
charge pressure relief and proceed to step 1.21 Actuate the control in No Refer to the pump ser-
valve? 1.19. both directions. Does vice manual and then
pump stroke? Does it proceed to step 1.22.
1.10 Is the suction line shut- No Open valve go to full stroke? Yes Operate the transmis-
off? Yes Proceed to step 1.11. sion.
1.11 Is the charge pump suc- No Proceed to step 1.12. 1.22 Is it possible to adust No Replace high pressure
tion pressure within the Yes Proceed to step 1.16. high pressure relief relief valve cartridges
recommended limits? valves? and return to step 1.21.
Yes Adjust high pressure
1.12 Is the suction filter ele- No Proceed to step 1.13. relief valves
ment plugged. Yes Replace filter element
1.23 Actuate control in both No Check if motor sizing is
1.13 Does the reservoir de- No Correct the reservoir directions. Does trans- adequate for applica-
sign ensure that suction design. mission run? tion. Check for exces-
pipe is always covered Yes Proceed to step 1.14. sive motor leakage and
with oil. replace motor if defec-
tive. Check for
1.14 Is the suction pipe size No Run at lower speed and mechanical faults in the
adequate for the flow? return to point 1.7, or drive beyond the motor
rework suction piping. shaft.
Yes Proceed to step 1.15. Yes Operate the transmis-
sion.
17
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Troubleshooting Procedure
2. Transmission Drive is Sluggish or Erratic
2.1 Is the control medium in No Rectify the control fault. 2.5 Does the charge pres- No Proceed to 2.9
good condition? For Bleed pilot lines. sure fluctuate more Yes Proceed to step 2.6.
example: control me- Lubricate or free the than 30 psi when
dium is not in good cable or linkage. Check stroking the pump?
condition if: The hy- control current.
draulic pilot pressure Yes Proceed to step 2.2. 2.6 If the charge pump out- No Proceed to 2.8
lines have air in them, put is used to operate Yes Proceed to step 2.7.
the manual control auxilary functions, do
cable or linkage is stick- these other functions
ing, or the electrical cause fluctuations in
control current is fluctu- charge pressure?
ating. (pump and/or
motor) 2.7 Isolate the auxilary No Proceed to 2.8
function and run the Yes Operate transmission
2.2 Are the brakes fully No Check brake release transmission. Are the and return to step 2.1.
released? circuit or mechanism. charge pressure fluctu-
Yes Proceed to step 2.3. ations reduced or
eliminated?
2.3 Is the pump stroking No Correct pump stroking
time correct for the time. 2.8 Are there system pres- No Proceed to step 2.9.
application? Yes Proceed to step 2.4. sure fluctuations which Yes Determine the cause of
are syncronous with the system pressure fluctu-
2.4 With hydraulic pilot con- No Change spring to suit. charge pressure flucua- ations.
trol, is the contol curve Yes Proceed to step 2.5. tions?
of remote pilot valve
correctly matched to the 2.9 Is the motor stroking No. Add motor stroking time
motor? time correct for the adjustment valve or ori-
application? fice to the variable
motor, or modify the
control circuit to provide
desired stroking time.
3. Transmission Drives in One Direction Only
3.1 Is it possible that the No Proceed to step 3.2. 3.3 Switch releif valves. No Proceed to step 3.4.
control signal to one Yes Refer to pump sevice Does the transmission Yes Repair or replace releif
side of the pump does manual. drive in the other direc- valve on non-driving
not work properly? tion only? side.
3.2 Check flushing valve (if No (Not installed). 3.4 Actuate control. Does No Check for mechanical
installed). Is shuttle Yes Remove flushing valve the transmission run in faults in the drive
spool stuck in one posi- and clean or replace. both directions? beyond the motor shaft.
tion? Yes Operate the transmis-
sion.
4. Transmission Drives in the Wrong Direction
4.1 To change direction at Switch the control sig- 4.2 To change direction at Switch the high pres-
pump: nal lines or linkage to motor: sure lines at ports A
the pump control mod- and B.
ule or stroker.
18
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Troubleshooting Procedure
5. Insufficient Output Torque in One or Both Directions
5.1 Using the 0–10,000 psi No Review steps 1.1 5.4 With a pressure gauge No Replace faulty motor.
gauges, is the load side through 1.22. at port G, does G port Yes Proceed to step 5.5.
of the loop required or Yes Proceed to step 5.2. pressure match system
design pressure? high pressure with
either port A or B pres-
5.2 Is the motor receiving No Correct problem. surized?
the hydraulic or electri- Yes Proceed to step 5.3.
cal control signal on the 5.5 Is output torque suffi- No Check if motor sizing is
control spool? (HD & cient in both directions? adequate for applica-
EL) tion.
Check for mechanical
5.3 Is the motor begin of No Set begin of stroke faults or improper
stroke set correctly? For per page 21. design sizing in the
example, the output Yes Proceed to step 5.4. drive beyond the motor
torque may be low if the shaft.
begin of stroke is: HD & Yes Operate the transmis-
EL controls-set too low. sion.
HA-control-set too high.
6. Transmission Drives at a High Noise Level
6.1 Are the drive gearboxes No Fill gearbox with correct 6.4 Is the suction pressure No Return to step 1.7.
filled with correct grade grade of oil to the pre- at the charge pump inlet Yes Proceed to step. 6.5.
of oil? scribed level. within recomended lim-
Yes Proceed to step 6.2. its?
6.2 Is the drive coupling No Install coupling per
correctly installed and manufacturer’s instruc- 6.5 Is there air in the No Proceed to step 6.6.
aligned? tions and tolerances. hydraulic oil? This may Yes Deaerate the oil and
Yes Proceed to step 6.3. be indicated by foaming inspect system for
or milky colored oil. cause of air induction.
6.3 Is rigid piping con- No Proceed to step 6.4
nected to the pump and Yes Install short length of 6.6 Is the hydraulic motor Yes Check motor sizing in
motor? hose between pressure operating at excessive relation to available oil
ports and the system speed? flow from the pump.
piping. check motor minimum
displacement. See
page 20.
7. Transmission Operates at a Higher Than Normal Temperature
7.1 Is the operating temper- No 195˚F is the upper limit. 7.4 Check differential pres- No Proceed to step 7.5
ature above 195˚F? If temp. is close to sure across oil cooler Yes Check piping from oil
195˚F the oil cooler may as compared to the cooler to tank or
7.2 Does temperature need to be cleaned. manufacturer’s specs at plugged oil cooler.
remain above 195˚F Yes Proceed to step 7.3. charge pump flow. Is
after cleaning oil ∆P higher than it should
cooler? be?
7.3 Is the hydaulic motor No Proceed to 7.4. Note: See page 7 for
stalling intermittently? Yes Hydraulic oil is being case pressure rating.
heated through system
releif valves. Shut down 7.5 Disconnect pump case No Refer to charge pump
system and rectify drain from oil cooler and removed and inspection
cause of the motor stall. check flow from charge procedure.
pump. Is flow normal? Yes Check oil cooler loca-
tion.
19
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Begin of Stroke Adjustment, Gauge Method
Preparation for Adjustment
Pilot Supply
For the HD control tee the pilot supply line and a 750 psi Supply
gauge into the X port. Remove the plugs in G and M1 200
300
400
X
20
10 30 300
100 500
ports and connect a 10,000 psi gauge to each port.
200 400
0 bar 40
G
20
0 psi 600 10 30
100 500
REXROTH
0 bar 40
0 psi 600
REXROTH
300
200 400
20
100
0
10 30
0 bar 40
psi 600
500
M1
REXROTH
HD
300
200 400
100
10
20
0 bar 40
30
500 M1
For the HA control remove the plugs from G and M1 0 psi
REXROTH
600
ports. Then tee a 10,000 psi gauge with the supply line
Supply
into G port and connect a 10,000 psi gauge to M1 port.
300
200 400
20
G 10 30
100 500
0 bar 40
0 psi 600
REXROTH
HA
Driver
Card
For the EP control remove the plugs from G and M1 ports.
Sp
ann
ung
0-
Tee a 10,000 psi gauge with the supply line into G port V2
10V
0 4
Ma
gne
6
tstr
5
om
and connect a 10,000 psi gauge to M1 port. An ammeter
10
Supply
RE
XR
OT
VT
B-
H
153
2
is also required to adjust the control. It must be placed in 300
400
200
the line that is feeding the motor solenoid. The control 100
10
20
30
0 bar 40
psi
500
G
0
range for the 24 VDC solenoid is 200mA to 600mA. The
600
REXROTH
control range for the 12 VDC solenoid is 400mA to
1200mA.
300
200 400
20
M1 10 30
100 500
0 bar 40
0 psi 600
REXROTH
EP
The begin of stroke adjustment screw, which is located on
the rear housing as shown, will be used to set the begin of
stroke. To allow for adjustment, break off the tamper
resistant cap and back off the locknut while holding the
adjusment screw with a 3mm hex wrench. The locknut
requires a 10mm wrench.
20
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Begin of Stroke Adjustment, Gauge Method
Adjustment Procedure for the HD Control
1. Lock or load motors and then bring pump on stroke until at 4. To change the begin of stroke set point turn the adjustment
least 600 psi loop pressure is developed. Or supply pres- screw in (clockwise) to lower the setting and out (counter-
sure to the G port with an external pressure sorce. clockwise) to increase the begin point setting.
Caution: Do not allow oil to flow over the high pressure
relief valves for long periods of time, as excessive heat can 5. Repeat steps 1 through 4 until the required begin of control
be generated in the pump. set point is achieved and stable.
2. Apply a variable low pressure pilot signal at the gauged X 6. When the correct setting is reached, lock adjustment screw
port, either with the charge pump or an external source, eg. in place and adjust the pilot pressure above and below the
remote pilot controller or pressure reducing valve. begin point to check motor operation.
3. Gradually increase the pilot pressure at the X port while 7. After obtaining the desired setting shut down the system,
watching the stroking pressure on the M1 gauge. When the remove gauges, reinstall plugs and reconnect pilot line as it
M1 pressure is approximatly 1/2 of G note the pilot pressure was originally.
on the X gauge. This is the begin of stroke set point. The
begin of control adjustment setting ranges from 29-290 psi
on HD1 control and 72.5-725 psi on the HD2 control.
Adjustment Procedure for the HA Control
1. Lock or load motors to accept pressure from either side of 4. Repeat steps 1 through 5 until the required begin of control
the loop. Gradually increase the loop pressure while watch- set point is achieved and stable. The G port may require
ing stroking pressure on the M pressure gauge. This can be bleeding each time due to trapped pressure.
done with the main hydrostatic pump. Or by suppling pres-
sure to the G port with an external pressure sorce. Caution: 5. Note: The begin of control can be selected between 1160
Do not allow oil to flow over the high pressure relief valves and 5075 psi for HA1 control and HA2 control.
for long periods of time, as excessive heat can be gener-
ated to the pump. 6. After obtaining the desired setting lock begin of stroke
adjustment screw into place. Shutdown system, remove
2. When the M1 pressure is approximatly 1/2 of G note the gauges, reinstall plugs in ports M1 and G. Caution: Port G
loop pressure on the G gauge. This is the begin of stroke may contain trapped pressure.
set point.
7. Note: If motor has control override option (T code) port X
3. To change the setting turn the adjustment screw in (clock- must be vented to tank during adjustment procedure i.e. X
wise) to lower the begin point setting and out (counter port must be free of any trapped pressure.
clockwise) to increase the begin point setting.
Adjustment Procedure for the EP Control
1. Lock or load motors to accept pressure from either side of 3. If the setting is different from the amperage rating shown in
the loop.and then bring pump on stroke until at least 600 psi the table on page 8, readjust the setting by turning the
loop pressure is developed. Or supply pressure to the G adjustment screw in (clockwise) to lower the setting and out
port with an external pressure sorce. Caution: Do not allow (counter clockwise) to increase the begin point setting
oil to flow over high pressure relief valves for long periods of
time as excessive heat can be generated in the pump. 4. Repeat steps 1 through 3 until the required begin of control
set point is achieved and stable.
2. Gradually increase the amperage to the solenoid while
watching the stroking pressure on the M1 gauge. When the 5. When the correct setting is achieved, lock the adjustment
M1 pressure is approximatly 1/2 of G read the ammeter. screw in place, shut down the system. Remove gauges and
This is the begin of stroke set point. ammeter reinstall plugs and solenoid connector.
21
RA 91604-S/12.97
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Swivel Angle (Speed) Adjustment
Determine “X” dimension from corresponding chart (Minimum
“page 23”) or (Maximum “below”) for desired displacement.
12
5
8
56
4
48
40
28
32
24
24
20
Remove displacement screw from motor and compare overall
16
16
8
12
8
4 56
4
48
40
28
32
length of screw to recommended screw length on chart for
24
24
20
16
16
8
12
3
8
56
4
48
40
desired displacement. If the displacement screw in motor is not
28
"X"
32
24
24
20
16
16
8
12
2
8
56
4
recommended length, modify “X” dimension in relation to the dif-
48
40
28
32
24
24
20
16
16
8
12
1
8
ference in actual and recommended screw length (Example: If
56
4
48
40
28
32
24
24
20
16
16
the actual screw length is 10 mm longer than recommended,
8
12
8
4
add 10 mm to the “X” dimension from chart.). Install screw into
motor and tighten seal nut while maintaining “X” dimension..
Note: See page 8 for motor speed/displacement limitations. Min.
When designing a hydrostatic transmission for a vehicle or
winch drive using these motors, we recommend a design speed
of approximately 85% of the maximum speed at the reduced dis-
placement. This allows for operating speeds up to the maximum
under overrunning load conditions.
Motor Size Allen Wrench Wrench
55 5mm 17mm Max.
80, 107, 160, 200 6mm 19mm
AA6VM…/63 Maximum Angle (Degrees)
Size Specifications 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12
Displacement in3 1.52 1.59 1.65 1.71 1.45 1.39 1.32 1.26 1.18 1.12 1.05 0.98 0.92 0.84
cm3 28.1 27.0 26.0 24.9 23.8 22.7 21.6 20.6 19.4 18.3 17.2 16.1 15.0 13.8
28 Limiting Screw Size M8 x 50 M8 x 60
Dimension “X” in 0.66 0.61 0.56 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.69 0.64 0.59 0.54 0.49 0.44 0.39
mm 16.8 15.4 14.1 12.8 11.5 10.2 8.9 17.6 16.3 15.0 13.7 12.4 11.1 9.8
Displacement in3 3.34 3.22 3.09 2.97 2.84 2.71 2.58 2.45 2.31 2.18 2.05 1.92 1.78 1.65
cm3 54.8 52.7 50.7 48.6 46.5 44.4 42.2 40.1 37.9 35.7 33.6 31.4 29.2 27.0
55 Limiting Screw Size M10 x 60 M10 x 70
Dimension “X” in 0.80 0.74 0.67 0.61 0.54 0.48 0.42 0.74 0.68 0.62 0.56 0.49 0.43 0.37
mm 20.3 18.7 17.1 15.4 13.8 12.2 10.6 18.9 17.3 15.7 14.1 12.4 10.8 9.4
Displacement in3 4.88 4.70 4.52 4.33 4.14 3.95 3.76 3.57 3.37 3.19 2.99 2.79 2.60 2.40
cm3 80.0 77.0 74.0 70.9 67.8 64.7 61.6 58.5 55.3 52.23 49.0 45.8 42.6 39.4
80 Limiting Screw Size M12 x 70 M12 x 80
Dimension “X” in 1.02 0.94 0.87 0.80 0.72 0.65 0.58 0.50 0.43 0.75 0.68 0.61 0.54 0.46
mm 25.8 24.0 22.1 20.3 18.4 16.5 14.7 12.8 11.0 19.1 17.3 15.4 13.6 11.7
Displacement in3 6.53 6.29 6.04 5.79 5.53 5.28 5.03 4.77 4.52 4.26 4.0
cm3 107.0 103.0 98.9 94.9 90.7 86.6 82.4 78.2 74.0 69.8 65.5
107 Limiting Screw Size M12 x 70 M12 x 80
Dimension “X” in 0.81 0.74 0.65 0.57 0.50 0.42 0.73 0.65 0.57 0.49 0.41
mm 20.7 18.7 16.6 14.6 12.6 10.6 18.6 16.6 14.5 12.5 10.5
Displacement in3 9.76 9.4 9.03 8.65 8.28 7.9 7.52 7.14 6.76 6.36
cm3 160.0 154.0 148.0 142.0 136.0 130.0 123.0 117.0 111.0 104.0
160 Limiting Screw Size M12 x 80 M12 x 90
Dimension “X” in 0.78 0.69 0.59 0.50 0.80 0.71 0.62 0.52 0.43 0.34
mm 19.9 17.5 15.1 12.8 20.4 18.0 15.7 13.3 10.9 8.6
Displacement in3 12.2 11.7 11.3 10.8 10.3 9.88 9.4 8.92
cm3 200.0 193.0 185.0 177.0 170.0 162.0 154.0 146.0
200 Limiting Screw Size M12 x 80 M12 x 90
Dimension “X” in 0.78 0.68 0.58 0.48 0.78 0.67 0.58 0.48
mm 19.7 17.2 14.7 12.2 19.7 17.1 14.7 12.2
22
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
AA6VM…/63 Minimum Angle (Degrees)
Size Specifications 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Displacement in3 0 0.07 0.14 0.21 0.28 0.35 0.42 0.49 0.57 0.63 0.70 0.78 0.84 0.92 0.98 1.05 1.12 1.18 1.26 1.32 1.39 1.45 1.52 1.59 1.65 1.71
cm3 0 1.20 2.30 3.50 4.60 5.80 6.90 8.10 9.30 10.4 11.5 12.7 13.8 15.0 16.1 17.2 18.3 19.4 20.6 51.6 22.7 23.8 24.9 26.0 27.0 28.1
28 Limit Screw Size M8 x 50 M8 x 60 M8 x 70 M8 x 80
Dimension in 0.66 0.61 0.56 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.65 0.69 0.64 0.59 0.54 0.49 0.44 0.39 0.73 0.68 0.63 0.58 0.53 0.48 0.43 0.38 0.73 0.68 0.63 0.58
X mm 16.8 15.4 14.1 12.8 11.5 10.2 8.9 17.6 16.3 15.0 13.7 12.4 11.1 9.8 18.5 17.3 16.0 14.7 13.5 12.2 10.9 9.7 18.5 17.2 16.0 14.8
Displacement in3 0 0.14 0.27 0.41 0.55 0.69 0.82 0.96 1.10 1.24 1.37 1.51 1.65 1.78 1.92 2.05 2.18 2.31 2.45 2.58 2.71 2.84 2.97 3.09 3.22 3.34
3
cm 0 2.30 4.50 6.80 9.00 11.3 13.5 15.8 18.1 20.3 22.5 24.7 27.0 29.2 31.4 33.6 35.7 37.9 40.1 42.2 44.4 46.5 48.6 50.6 52.7 54.8
55 Limit Screw Size M10 x 60 M10 x 70 M10 x 80 M10 x 90
Dimension in 0.80 0.74 0.67 0.61 0.54 0.48 0.42 0.74 0.68 0.62 0.56 0.49 0.43 0.37 0.68 0.63 0.57 0.51 0.44 0.38 0.72 0.65 0.59 0.53 0.47 0.41
X mm 20.3 18.7 17.1 15.4 13.8 12.2 10.6 18.9 17.3 15.7 14.1 12.4 10.8 9.40 17.2 16.0 14.4 12.9 11.3 9.7 18.2 16.6 15.0 13.5 12.0 10.5
Displacement in3 0 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.81 1.01 1.21 1.40 1.60 1.81 2.01 2.20 2.40 2.60 2.79 2.99 3.19 3.37 3.57 3.76 3.95 4.14 4.33 4.52 4.70 4.88
cm3 0 3.30 6.60 9.90 13.2 16.5 19.8 23.0 26.3 29.6 32.9 36.1 39.4 42.6 45.8 49.0 52.2 55.3 58.5 61.6 64.7 67.8 70.9 74.0 77.0 80.0
80 Limit Screw Size M12 x 70 M12 x 80 M12 x 90 M12 x 100
Dimension in 1.02 0.94 0.87 0.80 0.72 0.65 0.58 0.50 0.43 0.75 0.68 0.61 0.54 0.46 0.78 0.71 0.64 0.57 0.50 0.43 0.75 0.68 0.61 0.54 0.47 0.41
X mm 25.8 24.0 22.1 20.3 18.4 16.5 14.7 12.8 11.0 19.1 17.3 15.4 13.6 11.7 19.9 18.1 16.3 14.4 12.6 10.8 19.1 17.3 15.5 13.8 12.0 10.3
Displacement in3 0 0.27 0.54 0.81 1.08 1.35 1.62 1.89 2.15 2.42 2.69 2.95 3.21 3.48 3.73 4.00 4.26 4.52 4.77 5.03 5.28 5.53 5.79 6.04 6.29 6.53
cm3 0 4.40 8.80 13.3 17.7 22.1 26.5 30.9 35.2 39.6 44.0 48.3 52.6 57.0 61.2 65.5 69.8 74.0 78.2 82.4 86.6 90.7 94.9 98.9 103 107
107 Limit Screw Size M12 x 70 M12 x 80 M12 x 90 M12 x 100 M12 x 110
Dimension in 0.81 0.74 0.65 0.57 0.50 0.42 0.73 0.65 0.57 0.49 0.41 0.73 0.65 0.57 0.49 0.42 0.73 0.65 0.57 0.50 0.43 0.74 0.67 0.59 0.52 0.44
X mm 20.7 18.7 16.6 14.6 12.6 10.6 18.6 16.6 14.5 12.5 10.5 18.5 16.5 14.5 12.5 10.6 18.6 16.6 14.6 12.7 10.8 18.8 16.9 15.0 13.1 11.2
Displacement in3 0 0.40 0.81 1.21 1.61 2.01 2.42 2.82 3.22 3.61 4.01 4.41 4.80 5.20 5.59 5.98 6.35 6.79 7.14 7.52 7.90 8.28 8.65 9.03 9.40 9.76
cm3 0 6.60 13.2 19.8 26.4 33.0 39.6 46.2 52.7 59.2 65.7 72.2 78.7 85.2 91.6 98.0 104 111 117 123 130 136 142 148 154 160
160 Limit Screw Size M12 x 80 M12 x 90 M12 x 100 M12 x 110 M12 x 120 M12 x 130
Dimension in 0.78 0.69 0.59 0.50 0.80 0.71 0.62 0.52 0.43 0.73 0.64 0.55 0.46 0.76 0.67 0.57 0.48 0.79 0.70 0.61 0.52 0.43 0.74 0.65 0.56 0.48
X mm 19.9 17.5 15.1 12.8 20.4 18 15.7 13.3 10.9 18.6 16.2 13.9 11.6 19.2 16.9 14.6 12.3 20 17.7 15.4 13.2 10.8 18.7 16.5 14.2 12.1
Displacement in3 0 0.51 1.01 1.51 2.01 2.51 3.02 3.52 4.02 4.52 5.02 5.51 6.00 6.50 6.99 7.48 7.96 8.45 8.92 9.40 9.88 10.3 10.8 11.3 11.7 12.2
cm3 0 8.30 16.5 24.8 33.0 41.2 49.5 57.7 65.9 74.0 82.2 90.3 98.4 106 114 122 130 138 146 154 162 169 177 185 192 200
200 Limit Screw Size M12 x 80 M12 x 90 M12 x 100 M12 x 110 M12 x 120 M12 x 130
Dimension in 0.78 0.68 0.58 0.48 0.78 0.67 0.58 0.48 0.78 0.68 0.58 0.48 0.78 0.68 0.58 0.49 0.78 0.69 0.59 0.50 0.40 0.70 0.61 0.51 0.42 0.33
RA 91604-S/12.97
X mm 19.7 17.2 14.7 12.2 19.7 17.1 14.7 12.2 19.7 17.2 14.7 12.2 19.8 17.3 14.8 12.4 19.9 17.5 15.0 12.6 10.2 17.8 15.4 13.0 10.7 8.4
23
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Shaft Seal Replacement
To replace the shaft seal first remove the snap ring
and support ring.
Thread two sheet metal screws into the seal.
Press new shaft seal, support ring, and retaining ring into the
housing. Take care to press to the proper depth.
*
24
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Routine Maintenance
The AA6V variable motors are relatively maintenance free. Cleanliness Inspection
Maintenance work is confined to the system, by way of oil The oil tank breather should be regularly cleaned of dirt and dust
changes and renewal of filter elements. Both of these measures to prevent clogging. The cooling surfaces should be cleaned at
promote system cleanliness. Monitoring and periodic mainte- the same time.
nance of the system can prevent premature breakdowns and
repairs. Under normal application conditions, the following Caution: If hose couplings are used in the high pressure lines, it
maintenance intervals are suggested.: is imperative that the utmost care be taken that no foreign bod-
ies infiltrate the oil circuit when coupling and uncoupling (danger
Renewal of Filter Elements of damage to rotary group, and even possibility of total break-
a. After commissioning. down).
b. After 500 operating hours
c. Thereafter during a fluid change. Fluid Level Inspection
d. With suction filtration, the filter element should be renewed Inspect fluid level in reservoir after commissioning, thereafter
as soon as a charge pump inlet pressure of less than - 3.2 daily.
psig (0.8 bar absolute) becomes evident with the transmi-
sion in warm running condition. Caution: Top up only with specified fluid type. Do not mix fluids.
e. With charge flow filtration, watch for high pressure differen-
tial across the filter element. (Refer to filter manufacturer’s Hydraulic Fluids
specifications) Most good quality, mineral oil based, hydraulic fluids exhibiting
the following characteristics are suitable for use in a Rexroth
Caution: Use only 10 micron, or finer, filter elements. hydrostatic transmission.
Note: Paper inserts cannot be cleaned; use throw-away car- Good antiwear performance
tridges (maintain a stock). Resistant to oxidation degradation
Protection against rust and corrosion
Hydraulic Fluid Change Resistance to foaming
a. After 500 operating hours (1st fluid change). Ability to separate water rapidly
b. After 2000 operating hours (2nd fluid change). Suitable for widely varying temperature conditions
c. Thereafter every 2000 operating hours or annually irrespec- Good low temperature flow properties
tive of operating hours achieved. Retains viscosity-temperature characteristics in service
Universally available
The fluid should be drained with the system warm from previous
running. Before re-filling, the reservoir should be cleaned to The prime consideration in the selection of hydraulic fluid is the
remove any sludge. expected oil temperatures extremes that will be experienced in
service. These extremes should be considered when selecting
Caution: Rags or other threading material must not be used. a fluid, so that the most suitable temperature – viscosity charac-
teristics are obtained.
The recommended interval between fluid changes is based on
various factors and should be carried out according to the type The fluid chosen should permit the system to operate within the
of fluid, the degree of aging and contamination of the fluid. The following viscosity ranges.
water content is also a contributory factor.
Maximum viscosity at start 7400 SUS (1600 cSt)
Under application conditions with a heavy occurrence of dust or Normal operating viscosity range 66...464 SUS (12...100 cSt)
severe temperature fluctuations the intervals between fluid Optimum viscosity range 80...170 SUS (16...36 cSt)
changes should be shortened accordingly. Absolute minimum viscosity 42 SUS (5 cSt)
Caution: Practical experience shows that most maintenance When the fluid viscosity is greater than 1000 SUS (216 cSt) the
errors occur during an oil change due to: transmission should be operated at reduced speed until the oil
has been warmed to a temperature of 40˚F (4.5˚C).
a. Use of an unsuitable hydraulic fluid.
b. Use of fluid contaminated due to faulty storage. For applications that will operate near the extremes of viscosity
c. Failure to clean reservoir. and/or temperature, the fluid manufacturer should be consulted
d. Inadequate cleanliness when filling (dirty drums or contain- for assistance in selection of the most suitable type and grade of
ers). fluid for your application.
Leakage Inspection Rexroth strongly recommends the selection and use of fluids
1. After commissioning. from reputable and established suppliers.
2. The complete transmission (pump, motor and all pipelines,
filters, valves, etc.) should be checked for leakage at regular
intervals.
Caution: Leaking joints and connections must only be tightened
in pressureless conditions.
25
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Port Information
Port Description Control 55 80 107 160 200
High Pressure 3/4” SAE 1” SAE 1” SAE 1 1/4” SAE 1 1/4” SAE
A,B Flange Ports ALL 6000 PSI 6000 PSI 6000 PSI 6000 PSI 6000 PSI
Pilot Pressure 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18
X Port HD,HA UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B
High Pressure 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18
G Port ALL UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B
Stroke Pressure 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18 9/16” - 18
M1 Port ALL UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B
Case Drain 1 1/16 - 12 1 1/16 - 12 1 1/16 - 12 1 1/16 - 12 1 1/16 - 12
T Port ALL UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B
Case Drain 7/8 - 14 7/8 - 14 7/8 - 14 7/8 - 14 7/8 - 14
U Port ALL UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B UNF-2B
U T
M1 M1
B
A
B
T
Begin of Adjustment Screw G
HA G X
Begin of Adjustment Screw (HD)
U T
X X
G
B A
B
T
HD, HZ M1
Begin of Adjustment Screw (EP)
U T
G
B A
B
T
M1
EP, EZ
26
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Replacement Parts
Seal Kit (FPM)
Part Number Shaft Seal
Motor
55 5620-635-007
80 5630-635-007
107 5640-635-007
160 5650-635-007
200 5660-635-005
Shaft Seal (FPM)
Motor Size Part number
55 5000-076-026 Seal Kit
80 5000-076-010
107 5000-076-030
160 5000-076-012
200 5000-076-012
Limiting Screws
Size Part Number
M8 x 50 60134-061
M8 x 60 60134-063
M8 x 70 60134-123
M8 x 80 H157647
M10 x 60 60134-002
M10 x 70 60134-003 Limiting Screws
M10 x 80 60134-004
M10 x 90 60134-122
M12 x 70 60134-011
M12 x 80 60134-007
M12 x 90 60134-008
M12 x 100 60134-009
M12 x 110 60134-010
M12 x 120 60134-121
M12 x 130 B907999
Proportional Solenoid Part Number
12 Volt DC 5604-080-002
24 Volt DC 5604-080-001 Type EP Type EZ
Nonprportional Solenoid Part Number
12 Volt DC 5406-580-002
Sp
24 Volt DC
ann
5406-580-001
u ng
0-
V2
10V
0 4
Ma
gne
6
tstr
5
om
8
10
RE
Plug In Connector Part Number
XR
OT 2
VT
B-
H
153
All Solenoids 5400-085-002
Ammeter With Sandwich Plug
Part Number
All EL Controls 5956-001-018
Ammeter
27
RA 91604-S/06.96
Variable Displacement Motor AA6VM
Specifications, descriptions, and illustrative material shown herein were as accurate as
known at the time this publication was printed. Rexroth reserves the right to discontinue
models or options at any time or to change specifications, materials, or designs without
notice and without incurring obligation.
Optional equipment and accessories may add cost to the basic unit, and some options are
available only in combination with certain models or other options.
DISTRIBUTED BY:
The Rexroth Corporation
Mobile Hydraulics Division, 1700 Old Mansfield Road, Wooster, OH 44691-0394 Tel. (330) 263-3400 Fax. (330) 263-3329
Industrial Hydraulics Division, 2315 City Line Road, Bethlehem, PA 18017-2131 Tel. (610) 694-8300 Fax. (610) 694-8467
All rights reserved - Subject to revision
28 Pi di USA
INTRODUCTION
This manual is a step-by-step guide to assembly and dis-
assembly of torque-hub units. It is designed for the customer or
shop mechanic who is repairing a particular model of torque-hub
final drive. Users of this manual should note that each part
mentioned is followed by an indentification number enclosed in
parentheses. These part numbers may be referred to in the Parts
List section of this manual and on the cross-sectional view of this
unit. A print of each tool discussed in this manual is shown in the
Tooling section. Users should familiarize themselves with the
procedures for roll and leak testing and bolt tightening and
torquing found on the following two pages before getting started.
This manual includes the following sections.
1. Roll and Leak Testing Procedures
2. Bolt Tightening and Torquing Procedures
3. Disassembly Procedures
4. Sub-Assembly Procedures
5. Main Assembly Procedure
6. Drawings of all Essential Tools
7. Parts List
8. Cross-Sectional View of the Unit
SAFETY
Standard safety practices should be followed during the
disassembly and assembly procedures described. Safety glasses and
safety shoes should be worn. Heavy, heat resistant gloves should be
used when heated components are handled. Be especially alert when
you see the word CAUTION. This indicates that a particular
operation could cause personal injury if not performed properly or
if certain safety procedures are not followed.
I
ROLL and LEAK TESTING
Torque-hub units should always be roll and leak tested before
disassembly and after assembly to make sure that the unit’s gears
and sealants are working properly. The following information briefly
outlines what to look for when performing these tests.
THE ROLL TEST
The purpose of a roll test is to determine if the
unit’s gears are rotating freely and properly. You should
be able to rotate the gears in your unit by applying a
constant force to the roll checker. If you feel more drag
in the gears only at certain points, then the gears are not
rolling freely and should be examined for proper install-
ation or defects. Some gear packages roll with more diffi-
culty than others. Do not be concerned if the gears in
your unit seem to roll hard as long as they roll with
consistency.
THE LEAK TEST
The purpose of a leak test is to make sure that the
unit is air tight. You can tell if your unit has a leak if
the pressure gauge reading on your air checker starts to
fall once the unit has been pressurized. Leaks will most
likely occur at the main seal or wherever “O” rings or
gaskits are located. The exact location of a leak can
usually be detected by brushing a soap and water
solution around the main seal and where “O” rings or
gaskits meet the exterior of the unit then checking for
air bubbles. If a leak is detected in a seal, “O” ring, or
gaskit, the part must be replaced.
II
TIGHTENING and TORQUING BOLTS
If an air impact wrench is used to tighten bolts,
extreme care should be taken to insure that bolts are not
tightened beyond their indicated torque specification.
Never use an impact wrench to tighten shoulder bolts, all
shoulder bolts should be tightened by hand.
The following steps describe the proper procedure for
tightening and torquing bolts or socket head cap screws
in a bolt circle.
1. Tighten (but do not torque) bolt
“A” until snug.
2. Go to the opposite side of the bolt
circle and tighten bolt “B” until
equally snug.
3. Continue around the bolt circle
and tighten the remaining bolts.
4. Now use a torque wrench to apply
the specified torque to bolt “A”
5. Continue around the bolt circle
and apply an equal torque to the
remaining bolts.
III
MAIN DISASSEMBLY
1. Remove pipe plug (15) from cover(6)
and drain the oil from the unit.
2. Roll test the unit in both
clockwise and counterclockwise
directions. Perform the same number
of turns in each direction as the
ratio of the unit. The ratio number is
the same as the last two digits in the
model number found on the ID tag of
the unit.
3. Leak test the unit at a pressure of
5 psi for 2-3 minutes.
4. Remove all 24 grade 8 bolts(16)
from cover(6).
1
5. Lift cover(6) off of hub(1G) and
remove “O” ring(5) from the counter-
bore in the cover. Discard the “O”
ring.
6. Remove small thrustwasher(7) from
the counterbore in the center hole in
cover(6).
7. Remove large thrust washer(14),
thrust bearing(13), and large thrust
washer(12) from the raised inside
circular edge of cover(6).
8. Remove input gear(8) from mesh
with the planet gears in first stage
carrier assembly(3).
9. Lift out first stage carrier
assembly(3).
2
10. Remove small thrust washer(9)
from the top of second stage sun
gear(11).
11. Remove thrust bearing carrier(10),
large thrust washer(14), thrust bear-
ing(13), and large thrust washer(12)
from the counterbore of second stage
carrier assembly(2).
12. Remove second stage sun gear(11)
from mesh with second stage carrier
assembly(2).
13. Lift out ring gear(4).
14. Remove “O” ring(5) from the
counterbore in hub(1G) and discard.
3
15. Lift out second stage carrier
assembly(2) from mesh with output
shaft(1A).
16. Using retaining ring pliers,
remove retaining ring(1L) from groove
around the outside of output shaft
(1A).
CAUTION: Safety glasses should be
worn during this procedure.
17. With a screwdriver or chisel and
hammer, straighten out the tang on
lockwasher(1J) which has been bent
into the notch on locknut(1K).
18. Using an AN-18 locknut wrench
(tool no T-156766), loosen locknuts
(1K). Remove the locknut from output
shaft(lA) and discard.
NOTE: The output shaft must be held
securely enough to resist turning
when the locknut is loosened.
19. Remove lockwasher(1J) and tanged
washer(1H) from output shaft(1A).
Discard the lockwasher.
4
20. Raise hub(1G) above your work
surface and support it from
underneath in a manner that will
allow output shaft(1A) to fall through
the bottom. Press the output shaft
out of the hub. The output shaft will
come out with bearing cone (1D)
attached and seal(1B). Discard the
seal.
21. Remove bearing cone (1D) from
output shaft(lA).
22. Lift bearing cone(1F) out of
hub(1G).
23. Using a soft punch and hammer,
remove bearing cups (1E) and (1C)
from hub(1G). Be very careful not to
strike the counterbores of the hub
where these cups are located when
using the punch.
24. Remove all four pipe plugs (1M),
(1N), and (1P) from hub(1G).
25. At this point the main disassembly
is complete.
5
FIRST STAGE CARRIER DISASSEMBLY
1. Locate dowel pin(3D) which holds
planes shaft(3E) in carrier housing
(3A).
2. Drive the dowel pin(3D) down into
planes shaft(3E) until it bottoms
against the carrier housing. If the
dowel pin is not completely driven
into the planet shaft, damage to the
carrier could occur when the shaft is
removed.
3. Remove planet shaft(3E) from
carrier housing(3A). The four thrust
washers(3B) and planet gear(3F) will
slide off.
4. Using an alignment punch and
hammer, drive dowel pin(3D) out
through the end of the dowel pin
hole in planet shaft(3E) that it
originally went into.
6
5. Remove needle rollers(3C) from
inside planet gear(3F).
6. Repeat steps 1-5 to remove the two remaining planet gears.
7. At this point the first stage carrier disassembly is complete.
7
SECOND STAGE CARRIER DISASSEMBLY
1. Locate dowel pin(2G) which holds
planet shaft(2E) in carrier housing
(2A).
2. Drive dowel pin(2G) down into
planets shaft(2E) until it bottoms
against the carrier housing. If the
dowel pin is not completely driven
into the planet shaft, damage to the
carrier could occur when the shaft is
removed.
3. Remove planet shaft(2E) from
carrier housing(2A). The four thrust
washers(2B) and planet gear(2F) will
slide off.
4. Using an alignment punch and
hammer, drive dowel pin(2G) out
through the end of the dowel pin
hole in planet shaft(2E) that it
originally went into.
8
5. Remove needle rollers(2C) and
spacer(2D) from inside planes
gear(2f)
6. Repeat steps 1-5 to remove the two remaining planets gears.
7. At this point the second stage carrier disassembly is complete.
9
FIRST STAGE CARRIER SUB-ASSEMBLY
1. Apply grease to the inside of one
first stage carrier planes gear(3F).
2. Line the inside of planet gear
(3F) with 19 needle rollers(3C).
3.Stand first stage carrier housing(3A)
in an upright position.
4. Insert a planet shaft(3E) into
one of the planet shaft roles which
has a dowel pin hole on carrier
housing(3A). The end of the planet
shaft that does not have the dowel
pin hole should be inserted into the
carrier housing first.
NOTE: One end of the dowel pin hole on the planet shaft has a
chamfer or gradual slope. This end should be up to allow easy
alignment.
10
5. Place two thrust washers(3B) onto
the end of planet shaft(3E) which
has been inserted through the planet
shaft hole in carrier housing(3A).
NOTE: Grease or petroleum jelly may
be used to hold the washers together
and in place on the planet shaft.
6. Following the thrust washers
place planet gear (3F), with needle
rollers, onto planet shaft (3E).
7. Following the planet gear, place
two more thrust washers(3B) onto
planet shaft(3E).
NOTE: Grease or petroleum jelly may
be used to hold the washers together
and in place on the planet shaft.
8. Now insert planet shaft(3E)
through the opposite planet shaft
hole on carrier housing(3A).
9. Using an alignment puch or
similar tool, align the dowel pin
holes on carrier housing(3A) and
planet shaft (3E).
11
10. If you examine a dowel pin (3D)
carefully, you will notice that one
end is smaller than the other. Drive
this end of the dowel pin (3D) down
into the aligned dowel pin holes. It
should be driven to just below (1/10
in.) the surface of the carrier
housing.
ll. Repeat the procedure in steps 1-10 for installation of the
two remaining first stage planes gears(3F).
l2. At this point the first stage carrier sub-assembly is com-
plete.
12
SECOND STAGE CARRIER SUB-ASSEMBLY
1. Apply grease to the inside of one
second stage planet gear(2F).
2. Line one half of planet gear(2F)
with 18 needle rollers(2C).
3. Place one spacer(2D) inside
planet gear(2F) so that it rests on
top of the needle rollers (2C).
4. Line the remaining half of planet
gear(2F) with 18 needle rollers(2C).
13
5. Stand second stage carrier housing(2A) in an upright position.
6. Insert planet shaft(2E) into a
planet shaft hole that does not have
a dowel pin hole on carrier housing
(2A). The end of the planet shaft
with the dowel pin hole should be
inserted into the carrier housing
first.
NOTE: One end of the dowel pin hole on the planet shaft has a
chamfer or gradual slope. This end should be up to allow easy
alignment.
7. Place two thrust washers(2B) onto
the end of the planet shaft which
has been inserted through the planet
shaft hole.
NOTE: Grease or petroleum jelly may
be used to hold the washers together
and in place on the planet shaft.
8. Following the thrust washers,
place planet gear(2F), with needle
rollers, onto planes shaft(2E).
14
9. Following the planet gear, place
two more thrust washers(2b) unto
planet shaft(2E).
NOTE: Grease or petroleum jelly may
be used to hold the washers together
and in place on the planet shaft.
10. Now insert planet shaft(2E)
through the opposite planet shaft
hole on carrier housing(2A).
11. Using an alignment punch or
similar tool, align the dowel pin
holes on the carrier housing and
planet shaft.
12. If you examine a dowel pin(2G)
carefully, you will notice that one
end is smaller than the other. Drive
this end of dowel pin(2G) down into
the aligned dowel pin holes. It
should be driven to just below (1/10
in.) the surface of the carrier
housing.
13. Repeat the procedure in steps 1-12 for installation of the
two remaining second stage planet gears(2F).
14. At this point the second stage carrier sub-assembly is
complete. 15
HUB-SHAFT SUB-ASSEMBLY
1. Apply a light coat of “Never-
Seize” to the four hub pipe plugs
(1M), (1N), and (1P).
Note: Pipe plug(1P) is a magnetic
plug.
2. With hub(lG) standing on its
large diameter end, tighten pipe
plugs(1M) into the two pipe plug
holes nearest the small diameter end
of hub(1g).
NOTE: Notice that pipe plugs(lM) are
much smaller than pipe plugs (1N)
and (1P).
3. Turn hub(1G) over so that it
rests on its small diameter end and
the two pipe plug holes nearest the
hub’s large diameter and are facing
you. Tighten magnetic pipe plug(1P)
into the right-hand pipe plug hole.
4. Mark the location of magnetic
pipe plug(1P) so that it may be
aligned with the pipe plug hole in
cover(6) in a later step.
16
5. Install pipe plug(1N) into the left-hand pipe plug hole
nearest the large diameter end of hub (1G).
6. With hub(1G) still standing on
its large diameter end, press bear-
ing cup(1C) into the small diameter
end of hub(1G) usina a bearing cup
pressing fixture (tool no.T- 156792).
NOTE: Make sure that the cup sits
square with the counterbore of the
hub before pressing.
7. Turn hub(1G) over so that it
rests on its small diameter end.
Press bearing cup(1E) down into
hub(lG) using a bearing cup pressing
fixture (tool no. T-130717).
NOTE: Make sure that the cup sits
square with the counterbore of the
hub before pressing.
8. Spray the inside of bearing
cone(1D) with oil.
9. Press bearing cone(1D) onto out-
put shaft(1A) using a bearing cone
pressing fixture (tool no.T-158049).
17
10. With small diameter end down,
lower hub(1G) onto output shaft(1A).
11. Spray the inside of bearing
cone(1F) with oil.
12. Press bearing cone(1F) onto
output shaft(1A) using a bearing
cone pressing fixture (tool no. T-
146588). Reduce the pressure applied
to the bearing cone and press the
cone again. This time rotate the
hub in both clockwise and counter-
clockwise directions while pressing.
Stop pressing when the hub starts to
resist the rotation.
13. Now measure the initial rolling torque of hub(1G). To do
this, follow steps a-d.
a) Tighten a bolt into one of the
bolt holes on the hub. The bolt used
should be one that fits the hole.
18
b) Place a torque wrench on the bolt so that the arm of the
wrench lines up on a tangent to the circumference of the hub as
shown in figure 1.
c) Keeping the wrench in this
position at all times, use the arm
of the wrench to guide the hub
around in one rotation.
d) Read the gauge on the torque wrench. The initial rolling
torque should be 25-30 in.-lbs. Measure the rolling torque
several times to insure an accurate reading.
NOTE: If the initial rolling torque is less than 25 in.-lbs.,
apply more pressure to bearing cone(1F). If the initial rolling
torque is higher than 30 in.-lbs., strike the top of output
shaft(1A) with a soft face hammer to release the load on the
shaft, then repeat steps 13b - 13d.
14. Place tanged Fwasher(1H) onto
output shaft(1A).
19
Rolling Torque Procedure
THE CORRECT READING CAN ONLY BE MADE IF THE
TORQUE WRENCH IS PULLED SLOWLY (APPROX. 3.5 R.P.M.)
AND SMOOTHLY TOWARDS YOU.
Figure 1.
20
15. Place lockwasher(1J) onto output
shaft(1A).
NOTE: Notice that lockwasher(1J) has
tangs and tanged washer(1H) does
not.
16. Spray the inside of locknut(1K)
and the exposed sides of output
shaft(1A) with Locquic Primer T.
Allow two minutes drying time.
17. Apply Loctite 277 Adhesive/
Sealant to the second screwthread
from the bottom of locknut(1K).
NOTE: The bottom of locknut(1K) has
a chamfered or inward sloping edge.
NOTE: Loctite 277 is an anaerobic adhesive. Once it has been
removed from air, it sets. Therefore, once the locknut has been
placed on the output shaft, it must be torqued immediately or the
adhesive will make it difficult to turn.
18. Place locknut(1K) onto output
shaft(1A) and screw into place.
21
19. Using an AN-18 locknut wrench
(tool no. T-156766) and a torque
wrench, apply 225 ft.-lbs. of torque
to locknut(1K).
NOTE: One tang on lockwasher(1J) must line up directly with one
notch on locknut(1K). If one tang does not line up with a
locknut notch, apply sufficient increased torque to the locknut
until it does. Never loosen the locknut.
20. Measure the final rolling torque
of hub(1G) using the same manner
described in steps 13a - 13d. The
final rolling torque should measure
35-60 in.-lbs.
NOTE: Remove the bolt from the hub.
21. Bend the aligned tang on
lockwasher(1J) up into the notch on
locknut(1K).
22. Using a center punch and hammer,
stake locknut(1K) in four equally
spaced positions around the cir-
cumference of the locknut and at a
distance of 1/8 in. from the inside
edge of the locknut.
23. At this point the hub-shaft sub-
assembly is complete.
22
MAIN ASSEMBLY
1. Turn hub(1G) over so that it
rests on its large diameter end.
Spray oil on all exposed surfaces
inside the hub while turning output
shaft(1A).
2. Spray the inside of seal(1B) with
oil.
NOTE: The open face of the seal may
have a waved surface. This is an
intentional design used to keep dirt
out.
3. Press seal(1B) into the small
diameter end of hub (1G) using a seal
pressing fixture (tool no.T-156799).
4. Turn hub(1G) over once again so
that it rests on its small diameter
end. Using retaining ring pliers,
insert retaining ring(1L) into the
groove on output shaft(1A).
CAUTION: Saftey glasses should be
worn during this procedure.
23
5. Place second stage carrier assem-
bly(2), with spline connections down,
into hub(1G) so that the carrier’s
spline connections mesh with the
spline connections on output shaft
(1A).
6. Spray oil on all exposed surfaces
inside hub(1G).
7. Grease “O” ring(5).
8. Place “O” ring(5) into the
counterbore of hub(1G). Make sure
that the counterbore is oil free
before installing “O” ring.
CAUTION: Beware of sharp edges and
burrs in the counterbore while in-
stalling the “O” ring.
NOTE: “O” rings may be stretched to fit the counterbore. If an
“O” ring has been stretched too much, simply squeeze the “O” ring
together bit by bit as you place it around the counterbore. It
can be made to fit exactly.
24
9. Spary oil on the inside of ring
gear(4).
10. Place ring gear(4) with small
diameter end down, into hub(lG) so
that it fits over second stage
carrier assembly(2).
11. Place second stage sun gear(11),
with large diameter end down, into
mesh with the planet gears of the
second stage carrier assembly(2).
l2. Place large thrust washer(14),
thrust bearing(13), and large thrust
washer(12) in that order into the
counterbore of second stage carrier
assembly(2).
NOTE: Notice that thrust washer(14)
is much thicker than thrust
washer(12).
13. Place thrust bearing carrier
(10), with small diameter end down,
into the counterbore of second stage
carrier assembly(2). It should fit
over the thrust bearing set(12, 13,
14) described in step 12.
25
14. Place first stage carrier
assembly(3), with spline connections
down, into mesh with the second
stage sun gear(ll) and the ring
gear(4).
15. Place small thrust washer(9) on
top of second stage sun gear(ll).
16. Place input gear(8), with small
diameter end down, into mesh with
the planet gears of first stage
carrier assembly(3). The input gear
should be centered on the small
thrust washer(9).
17. Set cover(6) down on its small diameter end.
18. Grease one side of large thrust
washer(12), thrust bearing(13), and
large thrust washer(14) and place
them greased side down in that order
over the raised inside circular edge
of cover(6).
NOTE: Notice that thrust washer(14)
is much thicker that thrust washer
(12).
26
19. Grease small thrust washer(7)
and place it in the counterbore of
the center hole in cover(6).
20. Grease “O” ring(5) and place it
around the counterbore in cover(6).
CAUTION: Beware of sharp edges and
stalling the “O” ring.
NOTE: “O” rings may be stretched to fit the counterbore. If an
“O” ring has been stretched too much, simply squeeze the “O” ring
together bit by bit as you place it around the counterbore. It
can be made to fit exactly.
21. Place cover(6), with large
diameter end down, on top of ring
gear(4) so that the cover’s pipe
plug hole aligns with the magnetic
pipe plug hole in hub(lG) according
to figure 2.
27
Pipe Plug Timing
This figure shows the most common
pipe plug timing for this series.
Pipe plug timings may vary among
units with different model numbers.
Refer to an original assembly print
for your particular unit to deter-
mine its correct pipe plug timing.
Figure 2.
22. Place the 24 grade 8 bolts(16)
into cover(6) and tighten.
23. Using a torque wrench, apply 35-
45 ft.-lbs of torque to each grade
8 bolt (16).
28
24. Apply a light coat of “Never-
Seize” to pipe plug(15).
25. Tighthen pipe plug(15) into the
pipe plug hole in cover(6).
26. Roll test the unit in both
clockwise and counterclockwise
directions. Perform the same number
of turns in each direction as the
ratio of the unit. The ratio number
is the same as the last two digits
in the model number found on the ID
tag of the unit.
27. Leak test the unit at a pressure
of 5 psi for 2-3 minutes.
28. At this point the main assembly
complete.
29
TOOLING
The following specialized tools are used in the assembly of
this unit. The tool diagrams included in this manual are intended
for the customer who may wish to have a tool made. All tools must
be made from mild steel. All dimensions are given in inches.
OPTIONAL: In order to improve tool life, tools may be carborized
and hardened. If this is done, however, the tools must be ground
on all surfaces labeled with a “G” on the tool diagram.
1. TOOL NO. T-130717
BEARING CUP PRESSING FIXTURE for CUP(1E)
2. TOOL NO. T-156792
BEARING CUP PRESSING FIXTURE for CUP(1C)
3. TOOL NO. T-158049
BEARING CONE PRESSING FIXTURE for CONE(1D)
4. TOOL NO. T-146588
BEARING CONE PRESSING FIXTURE for CONE(1F)
5. TOOL NO. T-156766
AN-18 LOCKNUT WRENCH
6. TOOL NO. T-156799
SEAL PRESSING FIXTURE
30
31
T-130717
SCALE: 3/4 ONE PIECE
BEARING CUP PRESSING FIXTURE
for CUP(1E)
32
T-156792
SCALE: 3/4
BEARING CUP PRESSING FIXTURE
for CUP(1C)
33
T-158049
SCALE: 3/4 ONE PIECE
BEARING CONE PRESSING FIXTURE
for CONE(1D)
34
T-146588
SCALE: full ONE PIECE
BEARING CONE PRESSING FIXTURE
for CONE(1F)
35
T-156766
SCALE: 2/3 ONE PIECE
AN-18 LOCKNUT WRENCH
USE 3/4 in. DRIVE SOCKET
36
T-156799 SCALE: 2/3
SEAL PRESSING FIXTURE
PARTS LIST
ITEM QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
1 1 hub-spindle sub-assembly
1A 1 output shaft
1B 1 seal
1C 1 bearing cup
1D 1 bearing cone
1E 1 bearing cup
1F 1 bearing cone
1G 1 hub
1H 1 tanged washer
1J 1 lockwasher
1K 1 locknut
1L 1 retaining ring
1M 2 pipe plug
1N 1 pipe plug
1P 1 magnetic pipe plug
2 1 second stage carrier sub-assembly
2A 1 second stage carrier
2B 12 thrust washer
2C 108 needle roller
2D 3 spacer
2E 3 planet shaft
2F 3 planet gear
2G 3 dowel pin
3 1 first stage carrier sub-assembly
3A 1 1 first stage carrier
3B 12 thrust washer
3C 57 needle roller
3D 3 dowel pin
3E 3 planet shaft
3F 3 planet gear
4 1 ring gear
5 2 “O” ring
6 1 cover
7 1 thrust washer
8 1 input gear
9 1 thrust washer
37
ITEM QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
10 1 thrust bearing carrier
11 1 second stage sun gear
12 2 thrust washer
13 2 thrust bearing
14 2 thrust washer
15 1 pipe plug
16 24 bolt
17 4 drive screw
18 1 ID plate
38
39
CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW of S6A
DRAWING NUMBER REV.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 80763082 B
DRAWING NUMBER
80763082
H H
NOTES
1. TIE WRAP WIRES TO EACH
END TO MAKE BUNDLES.
2. SECURE BUNDLES TO ENDS A, B, AND E
TOGETHER WITH TIE WRAPS AS SHOWN. B
E
B
3. WIRES NOT TO STAND OFF COMPONENT A E TO EMU A
SIDE OF BOARD MORE THAN 4". DIAGNOSTIC CONN. GREEN 12 V POWER
WHITE WIRES WIRES PORT
4. ROUTE WIRES AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE WIRES
TO FACILITATE EASY RELAY/FLASHER REMOVAL. TIE WRAPS
CONSOLE SHOWN FOR REFERENCE ONLY (NOTE 2)
SCALE 5/16
G G
TIE WRAPS,
EACH END,
TYPICAL 9"
10 "
(NOTE 1)
NO RELAYS, FLASHERS,
OR WIRES EXITING PCB IN
THESE AREAS
(ON BACKSIDE OF BOARD)
4
.500
2.000 12 "
ALL MEASUREMENTS TO
F BACKSIDE (WIRE SIDE) BROWN F
OF CONNECTORS. WIRES 4
TOLERANCE +1" -0"
3.000
WIRE ROUTING DIAGRAM
VIEWED FROM FUSE SIDE
10 " 9" 10 " 1.500
1 2 3
E E
YELLOW BLUE ORANGE
WIRES WIRES WIRES
1 2 3
10.544
6.337 NOTES:
5.510 1. ALL WIRES TO LEAVE BOARD ON BAC K SIDE.
2. ALL RELAYS TO BE MOUNTED TO BAC K SIDE OF BOARD.
3. ALL 1/4" MALE SPADE TERMINALS T O BE ON BACK SIDE OF BOARD.
4. SILKSCREEN FRONT SIDE OF BOARD TO LABEL FUSE NUMBER AND SIZE.
5. SILKSCREEN BACK SIDE OF BOARD T O IDENTIFY ALL RELAYS AND
B
D 1/4" MALE SPADES. D
DEUTSCH HD 30 SERIES PANEL NUT LOCKWASHER
TYPICAL BOTH SIDES DETAIL OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD 1) P/N: HD 34-24-31-PN 112263-90 112264
.750 SCALE: .750 .750
2) P/N: HD 34-24-21-PN 112263-90 112264
.562 .875
A 3) P/N: HD 34-18-8-PN 114020-90 114021
4) P/N: HD 34-24-29-PN 112263-90 112264
E ALL FUSES TO BE ON FRONT SIDE
OF BOARD WITHIN THIS AREA.
2X 2.245
17.626
OUTLINE OF CONSOLE
6X SHOWN IN PHANTOM
C 1.500 4.495 C
13.067
11.283
8.245
2.938
6.125
4.245 1.938
4
3.375
1.903 1.500
.581
1 2 3
B 1.125 9.427 B
1.142 .750
.093 11.927
.375
2.500
14.427
10.000 21.091
11.500
B 02SEP14 GTB EC140295 REV LEVEL UPDATE, SEE SHEET 2 RDM
A 26Feb11 GTB SO1818056 REV LEVEL UPDATE, SEE SHEET 2 CES
REV ZONE DATE BY ER NO. DESCRIPTION CHKD
CONSOLE FLANGE CONTACT AREA.
ALL PROTRUDING COMPONENTS AND TERMIN AL REVISIONS
ENDS ARE TO BE TRIMMED AS CLOSE AS P OSSIBLE SPECIFICATIONS
GRADALL
DRAWN BY: RAC
TO CIRCUIT BOARD IN THIS AREA (FUSE SIDE)
1) DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M-1994 DATE: 14-Jul-10
A UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED: 2) ALL WELDING TO STRUCTURAL WELD CODE-STEEL ANSI/AWS
CHK'D BY: RDM TITLE:
A
1) THIS IS A PRO ENGINEER / INTRALINK CONTROLLED DOCUMENT.
D1.1
3) ALL DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES ARE # .060
PCB ,
DATE: 14-Jul-10
2) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES. 4) MACHINE TOLERANCE TO BE # .015
5) ALL ANGLES # 1 $ ER NO.: SO1818056 24V REMOTE UPPER
THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY OF GRADALL INDUSTRIES, INC. 6) MACH. SURF. 125 CAGE CODE: MATL: .
AND CONTAINS PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION MAX SIMILAR TO: SIZE REV
OF GRADALL. IT MAY NOT BE COPIED OR DISCLOSED TO ANY
DWG NO.
THIRD PARTY WITHOUT GRADALL'S WRITTEN CONSENT AND IS NEXT 80765052 0610178 E 80763082 B
PROVIDED FOR THE LIMITED PURPOSE OF REVIEW AND EVALUATION. ASSY FINISH COAT REQ: N SCALE: 1/2 EST WT: 1.5 # SHEET: 1 OF 2
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
DRAWING NUMBER REV.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 80763082 B
DRAWING NUMBER
8. TRACES CARRYING CURRENT TO INDIVIDUAL CIRCUITS OFF-BOARD SHALL BE SIZED 11. GROUND TRACES TO BE AS LARGE AS PRACTICAL, BUT AT A MINIMUM, SHALL 15. DEUSTCH CONNECTORS USE PIN #0460-202-20141 FOR SIZE 20
80763082 AT A MINIMUM TO HANDLE 1.5 TIMES THE VALUE OF THE FUSE ASSOCIATED BE CAPABLE OF THE FOLLOWING WI TH A MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RISE OF 20 $ C. CONTACTS.
WITH THAT CIRCUIT OR A MINIMUM OF 20 AMPS (WHICHEVER IS LARGER),
NOTES: CONTINUOUSLY RATED, WITH A MAXIMU M TEMPERATURE RISE OF 20 $ C GROUND TRACES LINKING ON-BO ARD COMPONENTS SHALL BE SIZED BY CAL CULATING 16. RELAY, FUSE, RESISTOR, AND SPADE DESIGNATIONS AS WELL
1. " " SYMBOL DEFINES 1/4" MALE S PADE TERMINAL STANDING ALL COMPONENT CURRENTS CONT RIBUTING TO THAT TRACE AND USING A M ULTIPLIER AS ASSEMBLY PART NUMBER AND REVISION LEVEL TO BE
OFF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. 9. TRACES CARRYING CURRENT TO (AND FROM) COMPONENTS ON THE OF 1.5 TO DETERMINE MAXIMUM CURRENT REQUIREMENTS. SILKSCREENED ON THE APPROPRIATE SIDES OF THE CIRCUIT
BOARD (SUCH AS RELAYS) SHALL BE S IZED AT A MINIMUM TO HANDLE 1.5 TIME S GROUND TRACES LINKING OFF-B OARD CIRCUITS SHALL USE THE FOLLOWIN G GUIDELINES: BOARD.
2. " " SYMBOL DEFINES 16 GUAGE WI RE LEAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. THE MAXIMUM RATED CONTINUOUS CURR ENT ASSOCIATED WITH THAT
COMPONENT WITH A MAXIMUM TEMPERAT URE RISE OF 20 $ C. OFF-BOARD WIRE SIZE (AWG) CONTINUOUS CURRENT 17. CONNECTOR ENDS OF ALL WIRES TO BE VISIBLY HOT STAMPED
H 3. " " SYMBOL DEFINES 12 GUAGE WI RE LEAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. WITH WIRE DESIGNATIONS. H
10. TRACES TO OFF-BOARD CONNECTORS WHOSE CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY CANNOT 20 10
READILY BE DETERMINED SHALL BE SI ZED (AT A MINIMUM) AS FOLLOWS: 18 15
4. " " SYMBOL DEFINES 14 GUAGE WIRE LEAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD.
16 20
5. " " SYMBOL DEFINES DIODES TO BE 1N 4004 OR EQUIVALENT EXCEPT NOTED EXCEPTION. OFF-BOARD WIRE SIZE (AWG) CONTINUOUS CURRENT 14 25
12 35
6. ALL WIRES TO BE SAE J1128 TYPE SXL (EXCEPT THOSE AT END E WHICH ARE 20 15 10 45
TO BE TYPE TXL, AND THOSE AT EN D B WHICH ARE TO BE TYPE GXL) AND SO LDERED TO 18 20 8 65
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD VIA FEEDT HROUGH HOLES. 16 25
14 30 WHERE GROUND TRACES BECO ME ADDITIVE, THE MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS GROUND
7. TRACES CARRYING CURRENT ONTO THE BOARD FOR DISTRIBUTION SHALL BE 12 40 CURRENT SHALL BE 70 AMPS .
SIZED AT A MINIMUM TO HANDLE TH E LESSER OF: 10 50
80 AMPS CONTINUOUS 8 70 IF REQUIRED, THESE VALUES MAY BE REVIEWED ON A CIRCUIT BY CIRC UIT BASIS BY
OR 80% OF THE SUM OF ALL F USE VALUES FOR THE GRADALL COMPANY TO RED UCE THE TRACE SIZES REQUIRED FOR CIR CUITS WHERE
BOARD SPACE BECOMES AN ISS UE.
WHICH THAT TRACE SUPPLIES - CONTINUOUSLY RATED WITH A MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RISE O F 20 $ C WIRE SIZE LEGEND
WITH A MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RISE OF 20 $ C.
BATTERY CIRCUITS FEEDING THE BO ARD ARE UP PWR 1, UP PWR 2, UP PWR 3 , UP PWR 4. 12. DEUTSCH CONNECTORS USE PIN #0460-202-16141 AND SOCKET# 0462-201-16141 FOR
SIZE 16 CONTACTS.
12 GA
MONITOR (GREEN WIRES) ENDS B END E 13. DEUSTCH CONNECTORS USE PIN #0460-215-16141 AND SOCKET # 0462-209-16141 16 GA
G (SHEET 9 C-8) (SHEET 9 C-7) DIAGNOSTIC PORT (WHITE WIRES) G
FOR SIZE 14 CONTACTS.
X 18 GA
DEUTSCH DT06-12S DEUTSCH DT04-12P TXL INSULATION - THIS END ONLY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A B C D E F G H 14. DEUSTCH CONNECTORS USE PIN #0460-204-12141 FOR SIZE 12 CONTACTS.
X 20 GA
12V POWER PORT A
14 GA
CANNON CONNECTOR W/ CAP
HOUSING P/N 192990-1670 .157" FEMALE BULLET 1/4 FEMALE SPADE
STRAIN RELIEF P/N 192990-1540
CHECK TRANS LT
HOUSING CAP P/N 192900-0377 FUSE/CIRCUIT BREAKER LEGEND
RS 232 GND
RS 232 TXD
HYD FILTER LT
RS232 RXD
UPPER LIM LT
LOW FUEL LT
WAIT STR LT
GRADALL PTN
RED BLK
HYD LVL LT
HYD TMP LT
DEF LVL LT
LOW AIR LT
CHK ENG LT
STP ENG LT
UP KEY BAT
UP KEY ACC
UP KEY STR
UP KEY IGN
TRV LK LT
PK BRK LT
RC PWR 2
WRN ALM
JDP PTN
SOCKETS P/N 192922-1470
FLASH
GND
GND
14 GUAGE WIRE F1 10A SPARE BATTERY POWER
F2 15A SPARE BAT POWER #1
12V PWR
GND
F3 15A SPARE BAT POWER #2
F4 25A AC FAN POWER
F5 20A BOOM LIGHT POWER
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ACCESSORY 1 RLY ACCESSORY 2 RLY WORK LIGHT RELAY BOOM LIGHT RELAY OPT 1 RELAY AC FAN RELAY
F6 10A OPTION #1 POWER
ACCESSORY RLY F7 10A SPARE IGNITION POWER
F F8 15A RC POWER F
87a
87a
87a
87a
87a
87a
30
87
86
85
30
87
86
85
30
87
86
85
30
87
86
85
30
87
86
85
30
87
86
85
F9 3A JOYSTICK POWER
30
87
86
85
D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 F10 3A RC POWER
TYCO
F11 15A RC/TRVL/STR POWER
V23232-A0002-X009-CD D1
F12 3A HYD PILOT POWER
OR
V23232-A0002-X014 15 F26 F13 10A AC CLUTCH/VALVE POWER
F14 10A WASHER POWER
F15 15A HORN POWER
25 F21
F16 10A BATTERY POWER
F17 10A SP-3 (SPARE 3)
ACC-1
10 F27 F18 10A SP-2 (SPARE 2)
SP ACC-A
ACC-2 F19 10A WORK LIGHT PWR
10 F23 F20 20A CAB LIGHTS PWR
SP ACC-B
F21 25A SPARE ACC RELAY PWR
10 F28 20 F5
10 F24 F22 10A TILT/AUXILIARY POWER
E 10 F6 F23 10A SPARE ACCY-B POWER E
10 F29
20 F25 25 F4 F24 10A POWER OUTLET #2
25 F30 F25 20A WIPER POWER
15 F3
10 F22 F26 15A DC CONVERTER POWER
15 F2 F27 10A SPARE ACCY-A POWER
IGNITION RLY F28 10A SWITCH POWER
TYCO F29 10A POWER OUTLET #1
V23234-A0004-X055 10 F19 F30 25A HEATER POWER
87a
30
87
86
85
8X TYP 10 F31 F31 10A SP-1 (SPARE 1)
SP-1
HORN RLY
D2
10 F18
SP-2
10 F7
SP IGN
87a
30
87
86
85
10 F17
3 F12 SP-3
ACC#2 SGN
X 29
3 F9 D3 AC PWR ON
28
ACC#1 SGN
D 15 F11 X 27 D
SP-8
SP-8 26
15 F8 SP-7
SP-7 25
BOOM LT SW
3 F10 X 24
WORK LT SW
X 23
SP-6
SP-6 22
WIPER GND
GND 21
JYSTK PWR
X
4
20
GND-12
GND 19
TO UPPER CAB HARNESS
JYSTK GND
X 18
GND-11
(SHEET 9 B-4)
HD34-24-29PN
BROWN WIRES
GND 17
10 F13 CLUTCH A
16
SP-5
GND SP-5 15
HYD PILOT PWR
14
5.1 OHM OVERIDE
GND 13
25W HRN RLY
12
F1 10 15 F15 HRN PWR
SP BAT 11
C SWITCH PWR
10
C
10 F14 WSH PWR
9
PWROUT-2
8
PWROUT-1
7
AUX PWR
6
10 F16 BAT PWR
5
CAB LT GND
4
20 F20 CAB LTS
3
1.2 K OHM UP HTR PWR
2
1/2 W UP WIPER PWR
1
B B
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
CHECK TRANS LT
UPPER LIM LT
BOOM LTS GND
SPARE BAT-2
HYD FILTER LT
TRVL/STR PWR
LOW FUEL LT
WAIT STR LT
GRADALL PTN
WORK LT GND
SPARE BAT-1
STP ENG LT
HYD LVL LT
HYD TMP LT
DEF LVL LT
LOW AIR LT
CHK ENG LT
UP KEY STR
RS 232 GND
RS 232 TXD
SWG LT GND
UP KEY BAT
UP KEY IGN
OPT #1 OUT
OPT #1 SGN
B F6 02SEP14 GTB EC140295 V23232-A0002-X014 WAS V23232-A0002-X008 RDM
TRV LK LT
PK BRK LT
RS232 RXD
SOL GND-1
SOL GND-2
RC PWR 1
RC GND-1
RC GND-2
CONV PWR
UP PWR 1
UP PWR 2
UP PWR 3
UP PWR 4
UP GND-1
UP GND-2
UP GND-3
UP GND-4
BOOM LTS
WORK LTS
AC FAN-1
AC FAN-2
CLUTCH B
RC PWR 2
RC PWR 3
WRN ALM
JDP PTN
PDL GND
PLUGGED
WSH PWR
12V PWR
FLASH
HORN
SP-1
SP-2
SP-3
ADDED WIRE UPPER LIM LT TO CONNECTOR 1 POSITION -30, DEUTCH
A A7,G7 26Feb11 GTB SO1818056 CES
DT04-12P WAS DT06-8S
REV ZONE DATE BY ER NO. DESCRIPTION CHKD
REVISIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
GRADALL
DRAWN BY: RAC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 A B C D E F G H A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R S T U V W X
1) DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M-1994 DATE: 14-Jul-10
A DEUTSCH HD34-24-31PN DEUTSCH HD34-18-8PN DEUTSCH HD34-24-21PN UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED: 2) ALL WELDING TO STRUCTURAL WELD CODE-STEEL ANSI/AWS
CHK'D BY: RDM TITLE:
A
YELLOW WIRES 1 ORANGE WIRES 3 BLUE WIRES 2 1) THIS IS A PRO ENGINEER / INTRALINK CONTROLLED DOCUMENT.
D1.1
3) ALL DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES ARE # .060
PCB ,
DATE: 14-Jul-10
TO UPPER HARNESS TO UPPER HARNESS TO UPPER HARNESS 2) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES. 4) MACHINE TOLERANCE TO BE # .015
(SHEET 7 D-7) (SHEET 7 D-6) (SHEET 7 D-5) 5) ALL ANGLES # 1 $ ER NO.: SO1818056 24V REMOTE UPPER
THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY OF GRADALL INDUSTRIES, INC. 6) MACH. SURF. 125 CAGE CODE: MATL: .
AND CONTAINS PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION MAX SIMILAR TO: SIZE REV
OF GRADALL. IT MAY NOT BE COPIED OR DISCLOSED TO ANY
DWG NO.
THIRD PARTY WITHOUT GRADALL'S WRITTEN CONSENT AND IS NEXT 80765052 0610178 E 80763082 B
PROVIDED FOR THE LIMITED PURPOSE OF REVIEW AND EVALUATION. ASSY FINISH COAT REQ: N SCALE: 1/2 EST WT: 1.5 # SHEET: 2 OF 2
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
DRAWING NUMBER REV.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 80783402 A
DRAWING NUMBER
80783402
WIRE LENGTHS DIAGRAM
WIRE ROUTING DIAGRAM
LT. THESE WIRES SHOULD RUN LT.
PINK GREEN VIOLET DIRECTLY ALONGSIDE EDGE PINK GREEN VIOLET
WIRES WIRES WIRES OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WIRES WIRES WIRES
J I C J I C
BOARD DIMENSIONS WHITE
WIRES
BLACK
WIRES BROWN YELLOW RED
WHITE
WIRES
BLACK
WIRES
WIRES WIRES WIRES
A B A B 3X 8.000
F G H
D 4X n 1.250 D
(BACKER BOARD) 3X 29.000
.187 2X 4.000
2X 1.000
4X n .380
.062 (CIRCUIT BOARD)
TOP TOP
TOP 10.000
RED 9.000
WIRES
H
ORANGE
COMPONENT-SIDE E WIRES 2X 4.000
VIEW
8.000
2X 31.000
ALL MEASUREMENTS COMPONENT-SIDE
8.375
YELLOW TO BACKSIDE VIEW
WIRES
G (WIRE SIDE) L GRAY
L GRAY
7.125 WIRES WIRES
6.375 OF CONNECTORS
TOLERANCE +1"/-0" DK GREEN
K WIRES K
20.000
STANDOFF SCREWS TO BE 7.000 DK GREEN
FLUSH ON THIS SIDE BROWN WIRES
WIRES F
BLUE
1.250 BOTTOM D WIRES
BOTTOM BOTTOM
1.250
C 7.750 KEEP OUTLINE OF RELAYS AT LEAST
.625 FROM THIS EDGE OF CIRCUIT BOARD. C
1/4" LONG STANDOFFS - TYP 9.000
4-40 MINIMUM SCREW SIZE, SCREWS
AND/OR NUTS TO BE SECURED WITH
A REMOVABLE LOCKING COMPOUND 9.750
WIRE ROUTING DIAGRAM NOTES:
11.000 1. TIE-WRAP WIRES TO EACH END TO MAKE BUNDLES.
2. SECURE BUNDLES TO ENDS J,I,C TOGETHER E D
WITH TIE-WRAPS AS SHOWN TO WITHIN 8" OF ENDS.
GENERAL NOTES: 3. SECURE BUNDLES TO ENDS A,B TOGETHER WITH TIE-WRAPS ORANGE BLUE
1. " " SYMBOL DEFINES 1/4" MALE SPADE TERMINAL STANDING OFF 18. GROUND TRACES TO BE AS LARGE AS PRACTICAL, BUT AT A MINIMUM, SHALL BE CAPABLE WIRES WIRES
AS SHOWN TO WITHIN 4" OF ENDS.
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. OF THE FOLLOWING: 4. SECURE BUNDLES TO ENDS K,L TOGETHER WITH TIE-WRAPS
- GROUND TRACES LINKING ON-BOARD COMPONENTS SHALL BE SIZED BY CALCULATING AS SHOWN TO WITHIN 4" OF ENDS.
2. " " SYMBOL DEFINES 1/4" FEMALE SPADE TERMINAL ALL COMPONENT CURRENTS CONTRIBUTING TO THAT TRACE AND USING A MULTIPLIER 5. WIRES NOT TO STAND OFF BOARD MORE THAN 4".
STANDING OFF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. OF 1.5 TO DETERMINE MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS CURRENT REQUIREMENTS. 6. ROUTE WIRES AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE TO FACILITATE EASY
- GROUND TRACES LINKING OFF-BOARD CIRCUITS SHALL USE THE FOLLOWING GUIDELINES: FUSE, FLASHER AND RELAY REMOVAL.
3. " " SYMBOL DEFINES 20 GAUGE WIRE LEAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. OFF-BOARD WIRE SIZE (AWG) CONTINUOUS CURRENT (A)
20 15
4. " " SYMBOL DEFINES 16 GAUGE WIRE LEAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. 18 20
16 20
5. " " SYMBOL DEFINES 12 GAUGE WIRE LEAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD. 14 25
12 35
6. WIRE DESIGNATIONS TO BE VISIBLY HOT-STAMPED ON CONNECTOR WIRE ENDS 10 45
(CLEAR HEAT SHRINK SLEEVES NOT REQ,D.). 8 65
WHERE GROUND TRACES BECOME ADDITIVE, THE MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS GROUND CURRENT SHALL
7. 20 GAUGE WIRE TO BE TYPE SXL, 7/28 STRANDING, SOLDERED TO PRINTED BE 80 AMPS.
CIRCUIT BOARD VIA FEED-THROUGH HOLES. MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RISE TO BE 20 $ C.
IF REQUIRED, THESE VALUES MAY BE REVIEWED ON A CIRCUIT BY CIRCUIT BASIS BY THE
8. 16 GAUGE WIRE TO BE TYPE SXL, 19/29 STRANDING, SOLDERED TO PRINTED GRADALL COMPANY TO REDUCE THE TRACE SIZES REQUIRED FOR CIRCUITS WHERE BOARD
CIRCUIT BOARD VIA FEED-THROUGH HOLES. SPACE BECOMES AN ISSUE.
B B
9. 12 GAUGE WIRE TO BE TYPE SXL, 19/25 STRANDING, SOLDERED TO PRINTED 19. RELAY, FUSE, CIRCUIT BREAKER, RESISTOR, AND SPADE DESIGNATIONS
CIRCUIT BOARD VIA FEED-THROUGH HOLES. AS WELL AS ASSEMBLY PART NUMBER AND REVISION LEVEL TO BE
SILKSCREENED ON THE COMPONENT SIDE OF THE BOARD.
10. DIODES WITH NO DESIGNATED TO HAVE A PEAK REPETITIVE REVERSE VOLTAGE
(V RRM ) OF 400V AND AN AVERAGE FORWARD OUTPUT CURRENT (1 FAV ) OF 1.0 A 20. ALL COMPONENTS TO BE MOUNTED TO THE FRONT SIDE OF THE BOARD (OPPOSITE THE BACKER BOARD).
11. DIODES DESIGNATED AS "6A" TO HAVE A PEAK REPETITIVE REVERSE VOLTAGE 21. ALL WIRE TAKE-OFFS TO LEAVE THE BOARD ON THE COMPONENT SIDE.
(V RRM ) OF 400V AND AN AVERAGE FORWARD OUTPUT CURRENT (1 FAV ) OF 6.0 A
22. SEAL WIRE ENTRY AT DIN-TYPE CONNECTORS AT K AND L WITH SILICONE ADHESIVE.
12. FUSES TO BE FAST ACTING ATC BLADE TYPE.
23. WIRE TAKE-OFF LOCATIONS ON THE CIRCUIT BOARD FOR DEUTSCH CONNECTORS SHALL BE
13. CIRCUIT BREAKERS TO BE ATC BLADE TYPE, AUTOMATIC RESET. GROUPED SO THAT ALL TAKE-OFFS FOR EACH DEUTSCH CONNECTOR ARE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
TO EACH OTHER FOR ORDERLY WIRE BUNDLES.
14. TRACES CARRYING CURRENT ONTO THE BOARD FOR DISTRIBUTION SHALL BE SIZED
AT A MINIMUM TO HANDLE THE LESSER OF: 24. ALL UNDERLINED DIMENSIONS ARE OUT OF SCALE.
- 100 AMPS CONTINUOUS.
- OR 80% OF THE SUM OF ALL FUSE/CIRCUIT BREAKER VALUES FOR WHICH 25. BOTH SIDES OF CIRCUIT BOARD TO BE CONFORMAL COATED (LESS MOUNTING LOCATIONS).
THAT TRACE SUPPLIES - CONTINUOUSLY RATED.
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RISE TO BE 20 $ C. 26. DIELECTRIC GREASE TO BE APPLIED TO ALL RELAY SOCKETS (ALL 5 TERMINALS),
BATTERY CIRCUITS FEEDING THE BOARD ARE BATT 1, BATT 2, BATT 3, BATT 4, FUSE TERMINALS (2 PER FUSE) AND MALE SPADES.
AND BATT 5.
27. MINI-RELAYS TO BE TYCO P/N V23234-A0004-X055 RATED FOR 24V D.C. SYSTEM.
15. TRACES CARRYING CURRENT TO INDIVIDUAL CIRCUITS OFF-BOARD SHALL BE SIZED A 23FEB16 JPG EC160084 SEE SHEET 2 RDM
AT A MINIMUM TO HANDLE 1.5 TIMES THE VALUE OF THE FUSE ASSOCIATED WITH
THAT CIRCUIT OR A MINIMUM OF 20 AMPS (WHICHEVER IS LARGER), CONTINUOUSLY REV ZONE DATE BY ER NO. DESCRIPTION CHKD
RATED, WITH A MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RISE OF 20 $ C.
16. TRACES CARRYING CURRENT TO (AND FROM) COMPONENTS ON THE BOARD (SUCH AS RELAYS) REVISIONS
A A
GRADALL
SHALL BE SIZED AT A MINIMUM TO HANDLE 1.5 TIMES THE MAXIMUM RATED CONTINUOUS
CURRENT ASSOCIATED WITH THAT COMPONENT WITH A MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RISE OF 20 $ C. SPECIFICATIONS DRAWN BY: SEG
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED:
1) DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M-1994 DATE: 20-Nov-15
17. TRACES TO OFF-BOARD CONNECTORS WHOSE CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY CANNOT READILY 1) THIS IS A PRO ENGINEER / WINDCHILL CONTROLLED DOCUMENT. 2) ALL WELDING TO STRUCTURAL WELD CODE-STEEL ANSI/AWS
BE DETERMINED SHALL BE SIZED (AT A MINIMUM) AS FOLLOWS: 2) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES. D1.1 CHK'D BY: SNM TITLE: PCB,
OFF-BOARD WIRE SIZE (AWG) CONTINUOUS CURRENT (A) 3) ALL DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES ARE # .060
20 15 DATE: 20-Nov-15
THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY OF GRADALL INDUSTRIES, INC. 4) MACHINE TOLERANCE TO BE # .015
18
16
20
25 AND CONTAINS PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 5) ALL ANGLES # 1 $ ER NO.: SO3429817 24V CHASSIS CAB, SV
6) MACH. SURF. 125
14 30 OF GRADALL. IT MAY NOT BE COPIED OR DISCLOSED TO ANY CAGE CODE: MATL: PURCHASE COMPLETE
12 40
10 50 THIRD PARTY WITHOUT GRADALL'S WRITTEN CONSENT AND IS MAX SIMILAR TO: SIZE DWG NO. REV
8
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RISE TO BE 20 $ C.
70 PROVIDED FOR THE LIMITED PURPOSE OF REVIEW AND EVALUATION.
NEXT 80785123 80783104 D 80783402 A
ASSY FINISH COAT REQ: N SCALE: 11/32 EST WT: 12.6# SHEET: 1 OF 2
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
DRAWING NUMBER REV.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 80783402 A
DRAWING NUMBER
TO RIGHT DASH PANEL HARNESS TO CHASSIS CAB HARNESS TO LEFT DASH PANEL HARNESS
80783402 (SHEET 1 B-7) (SHEET 3 B-3) (SHEET 1 B-2) TO BRK SW (X2) TO LOW AIR SW (X2)
TO STEERING COLUMN
PARALLEL, N.O. PARALLEL, N.C.
YELLOW WIRES I C TO STEER
BROWN WIRES F G RED WIRES H LT GREEN WIRES VIOLET WIRES 5 PSI 60 PSI COLUMN HORN SW
PACKARD 56 SERIES BLACK WIRES B WHITE WIRES A
HD36-24-31ST HD36-24-31PT HD36-24-23SN N.O.
(VIEW FROM MATING END)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 A B C D E F G H J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X PACKARD W/P PACKARD W/P PINK WIRE J
A B A B 1/4 FEMALE SPADE
UP KEY IGN
PK BRK LT
CHASSIS LIM LT
CHECK TRANS LT
WAIT START LTC
T/R IGN PWR
MOTOR LT
ENG BRK ON
UP KEY BAT
NEUT LT
PUMP LT
ENG STOP LTC
ENG STOP LTC
CHK ENG LTC
CH KEY STRT
CHK ENG LTC
L TURN FRT
R TURN FRT
T/R SW PWR
CH KEY ACC
MKR LT PWR
HD LTS PWR
SW PNL GND
SP CAB IGN
AC CLUTCH
RADIO ACC
EXHST BRK
THRTL GND
THRTL IGN
WIPER PWR
PK BRK SW
WIPER PWR
HI BEAM SGN
STOP LT SGN
STOP LT PWR
STOP LT SGN
FUEL LVL
DASH GND
GAGE PWR
ENG STOP
CH KEY I
L TURN FRT
R TURN FRT
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
ALL WHL
DIFF LK
MKR LTS
LOW AIR
BCN PWR
HTR PWR
HTR PWR
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
MKR LTS
HI BEAM
LOW AIR
12V BAT
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
ADM GND
CAB GND
TCM IGN
TCM BAT
MKR LTS
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
L T/BRK R
R T/BRK R
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
AXL LK
HD LTS
WASHER
SPEEDO
WASHER
AXL LK
TURN PWR
TRAV
HD LTS
RMT
LOW AIR
HORN
GND
D D
CEC #EF22
FLASHER
10 F30
X F27 10
L
CB1
15
CB2
15
10 F20
10 F21
TO TRAVEL END OF AIR VALVE
GRAY WIRES L
F14 5
10 F23
DIN (WABCO P67264)
TRV OUTPT
1 1
GND
2 2
TRAVEL/REMOTE
AIR VALVE
RMT PWR
1 1
GND
2 2
BACKUP/ALARM RELAY
F15 10
DIN (WABCO P67264)
SP ENG IGN #1
K
87a
F16 10 DK GREEN WIRES
30
87
86
85
SP ACC-1
C SP ENG IGN #2 TO REMOTE END OF AIR VALVE
C
SP ACC-2
F25 10
ACCY RLY
T/R IGN RELAY LO-HI BEAM RLY ENG IGN RLY HTR / WIPER RLY REMOTE RELAY
10 F5
87a
30
87
86
85
10 F6
87a
87a
87a
87a
87a
30
87
86
85
30
87
86
85
30
87
86
85
30
87
86
85
30
87
86
85
D1
6A
5 F7
F10 10
15 FUSE/CIRCUIT BREAKER LEGEND
F2 F29 10
F11 10 CB1 15A MARKER LIGHTS
10 F4
CB2 15A HEADLIGHTS
F12 10 F1 15A WIPER
15
F2 15A HEATER/BLOWER
F1
F9 10 F3 10A RC 4-4 POWER 2
F4 10A ENG PROC IGN
F5 10A TCM IGNITION
IND LIGHT TEST - PWR HORN RLY IND LIGHT TEST - GND F6 10A SPARE CAB IGNITION
F3 10 3 F8
GNITION
F7 5A T/R IGN POWER
F8 3A RC 4-4 POWER 1
F31 10
87a
87a
87a
F9 10A SPARE ACCY 1
30
87
86
85
30
87
86
85
30
87
86
85
5 F19 F10 10A SPARE ACCY 2
F11 10A RADIO ACCESSORY
F12 10A BEACON
10 F22
F13 10A THRTL IGN
F14 5A GAGE POWER
F15 10A SPARE ENGINE IGN #1
B B
F16 10A SPARE ENGINE IGN #2
10 F17 5A REVERSE SWITCH PWR
F28
F18 10A DRYER/GRID HTR RLY
F19 5A IND TEST LIGHT PWR
SP BAT 1
20 F20 10A ENG PROC BAT
F24
F21 10A TCM BATTERY
F22 10A TRAVEL/REMOTE SW PWR
F23 10A NOT USED
20
F26 F24 20A SPARE BAT 1
F18 10
CAB SPARE 2 F25 10A TRV ALM/BACKUP LTS
GND GND GND F17 5
SP BAT 2 F26 20A SPARE BAT 2
CAB SPARE 1
F27 10A FLASHER/STOP LTS
F28 10A HORNS
F29 10A REMOTE POWER
F13 10 F30 10A WIPER WASHER
F31 10A AC CLUTCH
X X X X X X X X X X X
WAIT START LTC
CHASSIS LIM LT
CHECK TRANS LT
DIG BRAKE SGN
DR MOTOR ENG
ENG PROC BAT
ENG PROC IGN
DRYER / GHTR
CH KEY STRT
PUMP ENG SW
RC 44 PWR-1
CAB SPARE 1
CAB SPARE 2
RC 44 PWR-2
RMT RLY SGN
UP KEY IGN
ENG BRK ON
UP KEY BAT
R TURN FRT
L TURN FRT
PK BRK SW
EXHST BRK
RC 44 GND
AC CLUTCH
L T/BRK R
TRV OUTPT
R T/BRK R
STR RIGHT
LOW BEAM
NEUT SGN
STR LEFT
FUEL LVL
12V BAT
ALL WHL
DIFF LK
MKR LTS
PLUGGED
LOW AIR
PLUGGED
PLUGGED
REV PWR
TRV ALM
RMT PWR
HI BEAM
PLUGGED
BATT 1
BATT 2
BATT 3
BATT 4
REV SW
BATT 5
SPEEDO
HORNS
GND 1
GND 2
GND 3
TRAV
RMT
WIRE SIZE LEGEND
12 GA
16 GA A D5,C7 23FEB16 JPG EC160084 POSITION "A" ON CONNECTOR "H" WAS CHASSIS LIM LT WIRE. NOW PLUGGED. RDM
X 18 GA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 REV ZONE DATE BY ER NO. DESCRIPTION CHKD
X 20 GA
HD36-24-29SE HD34-24-29PE
BLUE WIRES D ORANGE WIRES E REVISIONS
A A
GRADALL
TO CHASSIS HARNESS TO CHASSIS HARNESS
SPECIFICATIONS DRAWN BY: SEG
(SHEET 4 D-7) (SHEET 4 D-5)
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED:
1) DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M-1994 DATE: 20-Nov-15
1) THIS IS A PRO ENGINEER / WINDCHILL CONTROLLED DOCUMENT. 2) ALL WELDING TO STRUCTURAL WELD CODE-STEEL ANSI/AWS
2) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES. D1.1 CHK'D BY: SNM TITLE: PCB,
3) ALL DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES ARE # .060 DATE: 20-Nov-15
THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY OF GRADALL INDUSTRIES, INC. 4) MACHINE TOLERANCE TO BE # .015
AND CONTAINS PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 5) ALL ANGLES # 1 $ ER NO.: SO3429817 24V CHASSIS CAB, SV
6) MACH. SURF. 125
OF GRADALL. IT MAY NOT BE COPIED OR DISCLOSED TO ANY CAGE CODE: MATL: PURCHASE COMPLETE
THIRD PARTY WITHOUT GRADALL'S WRITTEN CONSENT AND IS MAX SIMILAR TO: SIZE DWG NO. REV
PROVIDED FOR THE LIMITED PURPOSE OF REVIEW AND EVALUATION.
NEXT 80785123 80783104 D 80783402 A
ASSY FINISH COAT REQ: N SCALE: 11/32 EST WT: 12.6# SHEET: 2 OF 2
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
TRW Automotive
Steering & Suspension Systems
TAS Steering Gear Service Manual
TAS 40, 55, 65 and 85 Series
Standard Bore/Step Bore
Design Features
1 Rotary Valve - This device provides responsive l Relief valves furnish pump protection by limiting
steering control. maximum pressure (optional).
2 Poppets (optional)- These unloading valves are l Balanced area cylinder so back pressures cannot
automatically set to furnish power steering pump affect steering stability.
protection and reduce pressure to unload steering
l High temperature seals were developed to with-
linkage at vehicle axle stop settings.
stand temperatures of 250°F.
3 Recirculating Balls - Combine high mechanical l Manual steering capability provides for steering
efficiency with smooth operation.
control in the event of hydraulic failure.
4 Dirt & Water Seals - Lip-type seals on both input and l Auxiliary porting available for auxiliary cylinder
output shafts. control.
5 Torsion Bar - Provides positive valve centering with l Seal protectors provide protection from harsh
definitive “feel of the road”. environment conditions.
Hazard Warning Definitions
WARNING A Warning describes hazards or unsafe practices which could result in
severe personal injury or death.
CAUTION A caution describes hazards or unsafe practices which could result in
personal injury or product or property damage.
NOTE A note gives key information to make following a procedure
easier or quicker.
Disclaimer
This Service Manual has been prepared by TRW Commercial Steering Division for
reference and use by mechanics who have been trained to repair and service steering
components and systems on heavy commercial vehicles. TRW Commercial Steering
Division has exercised reasonable care and diligence to present accurate, clear and
complete information and instructions regarding the TRW Commercial Steering TAS
Series Integral Power Steering Gears. Since this is a general Service Manual, the
photographs and illustrations may not look exactly like the steering gear being ser-
viced. The procedures, therefore, must be carefully read and understood before
servicing.
If inspection or testing reveals evidence of abnormal wear or damage to the TAS
steering gear or if you encounter circumstances not covered in the Manual, Stop -
Consult the vehicle manufacturer’s Service Manual and warranty. Do not try to repair or
service a TAS steering gear which has been damaged or includes any part that shows exces-
sive wear unless the damaged and worn parts are replaced with original TRW replacement
and service parts and the unit is restored to TRW’s specifications for the TAS steering gear.
It is the responsibility of the mechanic performing the maintenance, repairs or service
on a particular TAS steering gear to (a) inspect the steering gear for abnormal wear
and damage, (b) choose a repair procedure which will not endanger his/her safety, the
safety of others, the vehicle, or the safe operation of the vehicle, and (c) fully inspect
and test the TAS steering gear and the vehicle steering system to ensure that the
repair or service of the steering gear has been properly performed and that the
steering gear and system will function properly.
Patents
TRW Commercial Steering Division TAS power steering gears are covered by several
United States and foreign patents, either issued or pending.
© TRW Inc., 1998
1
Chart Your Way to Easy Steering Directory
Chart Your Way to Easy Steering is a separate publication (actually a Manual, Flow Charts and two
Videotapes) that facilitates troubleshooting steering system complaints. If while using this tool, your
system has failed one or more tests, you probably have been directed to this Service Manual for
repairs. The following directory will help you locate the specific repairs you will need to make to
proceed with the Chart Your Way to Easy Steering process.
Use Example: The driver of the vehicle you are working
on complains of “Steering Wheel Kick”. You have first Thermometer
determined (using Chart Your Way to Easy Steering)
that there is no air in the system. The book then Reservoir
directs you to perform test #18 to check for lash in
the system. While performing this test you detected
lash or lost motion from the input shaft to the output Filter
shaft. Since this looseness is inside the steering gear
you would refer to this Service Manual and locate the
test number of the failed test, test #18. The problem
Power Steering
listed below is “Input shaft - Output shaft lash”, and System Analyzer
the solution is to make a sector shaft adjustment.
You would then proceed to section 3 of this Service
Manual and perform the Sector Shaft Adjustment Power Steering Pump
procedure.
Steering Gear
Failed Test Problem Solution Section
Test 8 Excessive Internal Leakage Replace damaged parts / reseal 4
Test 9 Excessive Internal Leakage Replace damaged parts / reseal 4
Test 11 Intermittent loss of power assist Reseal 4
Test 12 Air in hydraulic system Bleed system 3
Test 17 Poppets improperly set Reset poppets 3
Test 18 Input shaft - Output shaft lash Adjust sector shaft 3
Test 19 Steering gear misadjusted Adjust sector shaft first 3
if required, replace worm assembly 4
Test 28 Gear control valve imbalanced Replace worm-valve assy / reseal 4
External Leakage Porosity in housing, side cover or valve assy Replace porous parts / reseal 4
Input shaft seal Replace seal 3
Output shaft seal Reseal 4
Side cover seal, vent plug, bolts, gaskets Replace parts / reseal 4
Valve housing sealing area Remove nicks or replace / reseal 4
Poppet screw or sealing nut Replace with poppet adjusting screw kit /
Reset poppets 3
3
Introduction
This new TAS Service Manual replaces all previous editions of TRW’s TAS40, 55, 65
and TAS85 Service Manuals.
Changes in the layout of this Service Manual reflect TRW’s commitment to provide
easily usable material and highly recognizable hazard notices. Some of the major
changes are:
l Revised caution and warning definitions that conform to international
standards.
l Revised torque, force, pressure and flow notations that conform to interna-
tional standards.
l Service Manual divided into sections for easier reference.
l Directory for Chart Your Way to Easy Steering users to speed service of
correctly diagnosed problems.
l Uninterrupted resealing instructions. Reference to damage section allows
you to repair or replace damaged parts and return to the resealing proce-
dures easily.
l Binding process that better allows the Service Manual to lay flat.
The three-column format used in the Service Manual will also help make it easy for
you to service a steering gear. Column I illustrates the procedure with photographs,
column 2 gives a brief key as well as tools to be used for each procedure, and column
3 explains in detail the procedure you should follow. Pay special attention to the notes,
cautions and warnings.
Item numbers on the exploded view correspond with item numbers used throughout
the Service Manual.
As you gain experience in servicing TAS steering gears, you may find that some
information in this Service Manual could be clearer and more complete. If so, let us
know about it. Don’t try to second-guess the Service Manual; if you do not under-
stand a procedure, or are stuck, contact our Field Service Department at
765.423.5377. Servicing TAS series steering gears should be safe and productive.
A special thanks to our customers who took the time to review this document prior to printing.
It’s a better publication because of your effort.
4
Oil Flow Illustration
Left Hand Lead Right Hand Lead
Right Hand Turn
Steering Wheel Input:
Clockwise Rotation
Straightline Running
No Steering Action
Left Hand Turn
Steering Wheel Input:
Counter-Clockwise Rotation
Supply Pressure
Return Pressure
5
General Design
Integral Power Steering
TAS power steering gears are the latest design in the Gear Front Axle Rating
TRVV Commercial Steering Division family of integral TAS40 9,000 lb (4,100 kg)
hydraulic power steering gears. Integral hydraulic power
steering means that the gear contains a manual steering TAS55 12,000 lb (5,400 kg)
mechanism, a hydraulic control valve, and a hydraulic TAS65 14,300 lb (6,500 kg)
power cylinder, all in a single, compact package.
TAS85 18,000 lb (8,200 kg)
The recommended minimum flow at 1½ steering wheel
Rotary Control Valve turns per second is as follows:
The rotary control valve combines simplicity of construc-
tion with desirable performance characteristics. The Gear Minimum Flow Rate
speed at which the driver can turn the steering wheel TAS40 2.2 gal/min (8.3 L/min)
with power assist is dependent upon the pump flow
(measured in gallons per minute or liters per minute) TAS55 2.6 gal/min (9.8 L/min)
directed to a cylinder cavity. The control valve controls TAS65 3.0 gal/min (11.4 L/min)
flow through the steering gear.
TAS85 3.6 gal/min (13.6 L/min)
The pressure (measured in pounds per square inch, or
bar) required for the gear to steer the vehicle is created
by the power steering pump to overcome resistance at
If the steering gear valve is controlling an auxiliary cylin-
the steered wheels. The control valve senses these
der, increased minimum flow is required (generally at
requirements and directs fluid to the appropriate cylinder
least 75%) based on the size of the auxiliary cylinder and
cavity in the steering gear (and in the auxiliary cylinder if it
the vehicle’s steering geometry.
is a dual steering system) at the proper flow rate and
pressure.
Maximum internal leakage for all TAS gears is 1 gal/min.
Pressure Means Work, Flow Means Speed
The higher pressure a steering gear can withstand, the
more work it can perform. The maximum operating
pressure for all TAS gears is 2,175 psi (150 bar), maxi-
mum flow rate for all TAS gears is 8 gal/min (30.3 L/min).
The TAS series gears can steer a vehicle within its front-
end weight rating through a turn at low speed and engine
idle. As the driver turns the steering wheel faster or
slower, more or less fluid will be required by the gear.
TAS series vehicle front-end weight ratings are as fol-
lows:
6
General Operation
What Happens During a Steering Maneuver Relief Valve
When the driver turns the steering wheel, he transmits Some TAS gears, (with or without poppets), are supplied
force from the steering wheel to the steering gear input with a relief valve. The relief valve limits maximum
shaft. A torsion bar, pinned at its one end to the input supply pressure to protect the power steering gear, but it
shaft and at its other end to the worm shaft, turns with does not reduce pressure as the steered wheels ap-
the input shaft and exerts a rotational force on the worm proach the axle stops.
shaft. In response to this rotational force, the worm
shaft, acting through the recirculating ball mechanism,
tries to move the rack piston axially through the gear
housing cylinder bore.
Bleed Systems
The rack piston’s axial movement is resisted by its Some TAS gears which are mounted with the output
engagement to the sector shaft, which is connected by shaft above the rack piston bore are equipped with either
linkage to the steered wheels. Because of this resis- an automatic bleed system or a manual bleed screw.
tance, the torsion bar is twisted by the input shaft,
thereby actuating the control valve. Pressurized fluid, The procedure for air bleeding the system is on page 17
directed by the control valve, assists in moving the rack of this manual. Replacement of damaged automatic
piston axially through the cylinder bore. The rack piston bleed plugs, and manual bleed screws is described on
then turns the sector shaft to steer the vehicle. page 62.
Shock Loads to the Gear
If the steered wheels receive a shock load, the shock
forces are transmitted through the sector shaft to the
rack piston, and on to the worm shaft. The internal
geometry of the steering gear causes the control valve to
send high-pressure fluid to the correct cylinder cavity to
resist the shock forces. By absorbing the shock forces
hydraulically, the steering gear prevents objectionable
kickback at the steering wheel.
Unloading (Poppet) Valves
Most TAS gears are equipped with two unloading valves,
one at each end of the rack piston. One valve or the
other, depending on the direction of turn, will trip as the
steered wheels approach the axle stops (which must be
set according to manufacturer’s specification). The
tripped valve reduces pressure in the gear and helps to
reduce heat generated by the pump. At the same time,
the valves also reduce forces on the steering linkage.
These valves are automatically set to axle stops after
installation in vehicle at first full right and left turn.
7
Approved Hydraulic Fluids
Automatic Transmission Fluid Dexron II Mobil ATF 210
Automatic Transmission Fluid Type “E” or “F Mobil Super 10W-40 Motor Oil
Chevron 10W-40 Premium Blue 2000 - SAE 15VV-40
Chevron Custom 10W-40 Motor Oil * Shell Rotella T30W
Chevron Torque 5 Fluid * Shell Rotella T SAE 30
Exxon Nuto H32 Hydraulic Fluid Texaco 10W-40
Fleetrite PSF (Can #990625C2) Texaco TL-1833 Power Steering Fluid
Ford Spec. M2C138CJ Union 10W-40
Mack EO-K2 Engine Oil Union 15W-40
Unocal Guardol 15W-40 Motor Oil
The steering system should be kept filled with one of the above fluids. Fluids marked with an asterisk (*) have not
been approved for use with TRW’s pump.
WARNING Completely flush the steering system with one of the recommended
fluids above only. Do not mix oil types. Any mixture or any unapproved
oil could lead to seal deterioration and leaks. A leak could ultimately cause the loss of fluid,
which could result in a loss of power steering assist.
Specification Numbers
The steering gear
specification number and
date code are stamped on a
machined surface opposite
the input shaft of every TAS
gear. Newer gears include a
serial number.
Spec. No Step Bore Identifier An example, date code
TAS65001A would be 29097; this means
29097S01B27 the gear was built on the
Date Code Serial Number 290th day of 1997.
An “A” included at the end of
the specification number
indicates a step bore
housing.
8
Torque Chart
Part Name Item # Torque Range Dry Torque Range Lubricated
Auxiliary cylinder plug 54 25-35 lbf•ft (34-48 N•m)
Ball return guide cap/strap bolts 31 14-22 lbf•ft (19-29 N•m)
Bearing adjuster 17 11-15 lbf•ft (15-20 N•m)*
Locknut 18 101-122 lbf•ft (137-165 N•m)**
Manual bleed screw 50 40-50 lbf•in. (3.1-3.7 N•m)
Plug, auto bleed 51 38-58 lbf•ft (52-79 N•m)
Poppet sleeve assembly 22 16-20 lbf•ft (22-27 N•m)
Poppet sealing nut, service 60 33-37 lbf•ft (45-50 N•m)
Poppet fixed stop screw 52 38-42 lbf•ft (52-57 N•m)
Poppet fixed stop screw 52A 38-58 lbf•ft (52-79 N•m)
Relief valve cap 56 25-35 lbf•ft (34-48 N•m)
Sector shaft adjusting screw jam nut 47 40-45 lbf•ft (54-61 N•m)
Side cover bolts (TAS40) 48 108-128 lbf•ft (147-174 N•m)
Side cover bolts (TAS55, 65, 85) 48 160-180 lbf•ft (217-244 N•m)
Valve housing bolts (TAS40, 55, 65) 1 75-85 lbf•ft (102-115 N•m)
Valve housing bolts (TAS85) 1 108-128 lbf•ft (147-174 N•m)
Item numbers referenced are shown on the exploded Special tools can be purchased through:
views, pages 10 and 12. SPX Corporation
Kent-Moore Tool Group
* After tightening to this torque value, the adjuster must 28635 Mound Road
be backed off ¼ to ½ of a turn as described in step 22 Warren, MI 48092
on page 57. 1-800-328-6657
** Torque value indicated is using recommended tools.
9
TAS Series Exploded View -- Standard
TAS85 Construction
Short “V” Construction
36 Retaining Ring (2)
37 Roller Bearing
*38 Dirt Seal
*39 Dirt and Water Seal (Trunnion)
40 Washer (Spacer)
*41 Seal (2-Output)
42 Sector Shaft
16 Thrust Washer (Thin) 43 Adjusting Screw (Sector Shaft)
Item Description 44 Retainer (Adjusting Screw)
17 Bearing Adjuster
1 Bolts (4-Valve Housing) *45 Gasket (Side Cover)
*18 Adjuster Locknut
*2 Dirt and Water Seal 13/16" Serr. 46 Side Cover Assembly
19 Rack Piston
*2 B Dirt and Water Seal 7/8" Serr. 47 Jam Nut
*20 Teflon Seal Ring
*2 C Dirt and Water Seal 1" Serr. 48 Special Bolts (6 or 8-Side Cover)
*21 O-ring (Back up; Rack Piston)
*3 Retaining Ring *49 Vent Plug (Side Cover)
22 Poppet Seat and Sleeve Assy. (2)
*4 Seal (Input Shaft) 50 Bleed Screw (Manual)
23 Poppet (2)
5 Valve Housing 51 Plug (Auto Bleed)
24 Poppet Spring
*6 Seal Ring (Valve Housing) 52 Fixed Stop Screw (Poppet)
25 Spacer Rod
*7 Seal Ring (Valve Housing) 52 A Fixed Stop Screw (Poppet-Alt)
26 Push Tube
*8 Seal Ring (2) 53 Washer (Stop Screw)
27 Balls
*9 O-ring (2) 54 Auxiliary Port Plug (2)
28 Ball Return Guide Halves (2)
*10 Seal Ring *55 O-ring (2-Aux. Port Plug)
*29 Seal (Cap)
*11 O-ring (Valve Housing) 56 Relief Valve Cap
30 Ball Return Guide Cap
12 Thrust Washer (Thick) *57 O-ring (Relief Valve)
*31 Torx Screws (2-Cap/Strap)
13 Input Shaft, Valve, Worm Assy. 58 Relief Valve (2 piece)
*32 Ball Return Guide Strap
13 A Input Sh., Valve, Worm Assy. (Alt.) 59 Service Poppet Adjusting Screw
34 Housing
14 Spacer Sleeve (Alt.) 60 Service Sealing Jam Nut
35 Grease Fitting
15 Thrust Bearing (1 or 2)
* These items are included in complete seal kits along with 406038 lubricant and a service bulletin.
10
Service Parts List - Standard
Common Parts Parts Vary by Specification*
Item Description Part Number Item Description
1 Bolts (4-Valve Housing) 020251 5 Valve Housing
2 Dirt and Water Seal 13/16" Serr. 478044 13 Input Shaft, Valve, Worm Assy.
2B Dirt and Water Seal 7/8" Serr. 478060 13A Input Shaft, Valve, Worm Assy. (Alt.)**
2C Dirt and Water Seal 1" Ser 478050 14 Spacer Sleeve (Alt.)**
3 Retaining Ring 401637 19 Rack Piston
4 Seal (Input Shaft) (High Temp) 478076 34 Housing
7 Seal Ring (Valve Housing) 032823 42 Sector Shaft
8 Seal Ring (2) 029123 46 Side Cover Assembly
9 O-ring (2) (High Temp) 032200-158 56 Relief Valve Cap
10 Seal Ring 029116 58 Relief Valve (2 piece)
11 O-ring (Valve Housing) (High Temp) 032200-152
12 Thrust Washer (Thick) 400143 *Contact Service/Sales for part numbers
15 Thrust Bearing (2) 070027 **Applicable to TAS65 gears only
16 Thrust Washer (Thin) 400144
17 Bearing Adjuster 400149
18 Adjuster Locknut 027007
27 Balls 213684-X1
29 Seal (Cap) 478042
30 Ball Return Guide Cap 400161
31 Torx Screws (2-Cap/Strap) 020228
32 Ball Return Guide Strap 400167
35
43
Grease Fitting
Adjusting Screw (Sector Shaft)
037032
021200
Kits
44 Retainer (Adjusting Screw) 062005 Items Description Part Number
47 Jam Nut 025150 54 & 55 Port Plug & O-ring 415437-A1
49 Vent Plug (Side Cover) 036201 56 & 57 Relief Valve Cap & O-ring 411061-A1
50 Bleed Screw (Manual) 213705 59 & 60 Adj. Screw & Jam Nut 021407-X1
51 Plug (Auto Bleed) 021397 2, 2B, 2C, 3, 4 Input Shaft Seal Kit TAS000001
52A Fixed stop screw 021426 TAS40 Seal Kit TAS400003
54 Auxiliary Port Plug (2) 415437-A1 TAS55 Seal Kit TA5550004
55 O-ring (2-Aux. Port Plug) 032229 TAS65 Seal Kit TAS650012
57 O-ring (Relief Valve) 032200-153 TAS85 Seal Kit TAS850003or4
59 Service Poppet Adjusting Screw 021407
60 Service Sealing Jam Nut 025119
Parts Vary by Gear Size
Item Description TAS40 TAS55 TAS65 TAS85
6 Seal Ring (Valve Housing) 032829 032829 032616 032834
20 Teflon Seal Ring 032828 032830 032590 032547
21 O-ring (Back up; Rack Piston) 032827 032831 032615 032556
22 Poppet Seat and Sleeve Assy. (2) 409118-A2 409118-A2 409118-A2 409118-A6
23 Poppet (2-old design) 040210 040210 040210 040217
23A Poppet (2-new design) 040248 040248 040248 040249
24 Poppet Spring 401662 401662 401662 401684
25 Spacer Rod 040209 040209 040209 040218
26 Push Tube 080154 080154 080154 080158
28 Ball Return Guide Halves (2) R.H. 400158 400160 400156 400162
L H. 400159 400165 400157 400163
36 Retaining Ring (2) 401674 401650 401650 401685
37 Boller Bearing 070030 071032 071033 072004
38 Dirt Seal 478052 478041 478041 478057
39 Dirt and Water Seal (Trunnion) 478053 478045 478045 478059
40 Washer (Spacer) 028527 028519 028519 028534
41 Seal (2-Output) 478051 478040 478040 478084
45 Gasket (Side Cover) HFB529000 HFB649000 HFB649000 TAS859000
48 Special Bolts (6 or 8-Side Cover) 021277 021434 021434 021434
11
TAS Series Exploded View -- Step Bore
Short “V” Construction
*41 Seal (2-Output)
42 Sector Shaft
43 Adjusting Screw (Sector Shaft)
44 Retainer (Adjusting Screw)
*45 Gasket (Side Cover)
Item Description 46 Side Cover Assembly
17 Bearing Adjuster 47 Jam Nut
1 Bolts (4-Valve Housing) *18 Adjuster Locknut 48 Special Bolts (6 or 8-Side Cover)
*2 Dirt and Water Seal 13/16" Serr. 19 Rack Piston *49 Vent Plug (Side Cover)
*2 B Dirt and Water Seal 7/8" Serr. *20 Teflon Seal Ring 50 Bleed Screw (Manual)
*2 C Dirt and Water Seal 1" Serr. *21 O-ring (Back up; Rack Piston) 51 Plug (Auto Bleed)
*3 Retaining Ring 22 Poppet Seat and Sleeve Assy. (2) 52 Fixed Stop Screw (Poppet)
*4 Seal (Input Shaft) 23 Poppet (2) 52 A Fixed Stop Screw (Poppet-Alt)
5 Valve Housing 24 Poppet Spring 53 Washer (Stop Screw)
*6 Seal Ring (Valve Housing) 26 Push Tube 54 Auxiliary Port Plug (2)
*7 Seal Ring (Valve Housing) 27 Balls *55 O-ring (2-Aux. Port Plug)
*8 Seal Ring (2) 28 Ball Return Guide Halves (2) 56 Relief Valve Cap
*9 O-ring (2) *29 Seal (Cap) *57 O-ring (Relief Valve)
*10 Seal Ring 30 Ball Return Guide Cap 58 Relief Valve (2 piece)
*11 O-ring (Valve Housing) *31 Torx Screws (2-Cap/Strap) 59 Service Poppet Adjusting Screw
12 Thrust Washer (Thick) *32 Ball Return Guide Strap 60 Service Sealing Jam Nut
13 Input Shaft, Valve, Worm Assy. 34 Housing *61 Dirt & Water Seal (Trunnion)
15 Thrust Bearing (1 or 2) 35 Grease Fitting 63 Retaining Ring
16 Thrust Washer (Thin) 37 Roller Bearing
*These items are included in complete seal kits along with 406038 lubricant and a service bulletin.
12
Service Parts List - Step Bore
Common Parts Parts Vary by Specification*
Item Description Part Number Item Description
1 Bolts (4-Valve Housing) 020251 5 Valve Housing
2 Dirt and Water Seal 13/16" Serr. 478044 13 Input Shaft, Valve, Worm Assy.
2B Dirt and Water Seal 7/8" Serr. 478060 19 Rack Piston
2C Dirt and Water Seal 1" Ser 478050 34 Housing
3 Retaining Ring 401637 42 Sector Shaft
4 Seal (Input Shaft) (High Temp) 478076 46 Side Cover Assembly
7 Seal Ring (Valve Housing) 032823 56 Relief Valve Cap
8 Seal Ring (2) 029123 58 Relief Valve (2 piece)
9 O-ring (2) (High Temp) 032200-158
10 Seal Ring 029116 *Contact Service/Sales for part numbers
11 O-ring (Valve Housing) (High Temp) 032200-152
12 Thrust Washer (Thick) 400143
15 Thrust Bearing (2) 070027
16 Thrust Washer (Thin) 400144
17 Bearing Adjuster 400149
18 Adjuster Locknut 027007
27 Balls 213684-X1
29 Seal (Cap) 478042
30 Ball Return Guide Cap 400161
31 Torx Screws (2-Cap/Strap) 020228
32 Ball Return Guide Strap 400167
35
43
Grease Fitting
Adjusting Screw (Sector Shaft)
037032
021200
Kits
44 Retainer (Adjusting Screw) 062005 Items Description Part Number
47 Jam Nut G9419666 54 & 55 Port Plug & O-ring 415437-A1
49 Vent Plug (Side Cover) 036201 56 & 57 Relief Valve Cap & O-ring 411061-A1
50 Bleed Screw (Manual) 213705 59 & 60 Adj. Screw & Jam Nut 021407-X1
51 Plug (Auto Bleed) 021397 2, 2B, 2C, 3, 4 Input Shaft Seal Kit TAS000001
52 A Fixed stop screw 021426 TAS40 Seal Kit TAS400003
54 Auxiliary Port Plug (2) G9410358 TAS55 Seal Kit TAS550004
55 O-ring (2-Aux. Port Plug) 032229 TAS65 Seal Kit TAS650012
57 O-ring (Relief Valve) 032200-153 TAS85 Seal Kit TAS850003or4
59 Service Poppet Adjusting Screw 021407
60 Service Sealing Jam Nut 025119
Parts Vary by Gear Size
Item Description TAS40 TAS55 TAS65 TAS85
6 Seal Ring (Valve Housing) 032829 032829 032616 032834
20 Teflon Seal Ring 032828 032830 032590 032547
21 O-ring (Back up-, Rack Piston) 032827 032831 032615 032556
22 Poppet Seat and Sleeve Assy. (2) 409118-A2 409118-A2 409118-A2 409118-A6
23 Poppet (2-old design) 040210 040210 040210 040217
23 A Poppet (2-new design) 040248 040248 040248 040249
24 Poppet Spring 401662 401662 401662 401684
26 Push Tube 080154 080154 080154 080158
28 Ball Return Guide Halves (2) R.H. 400158 400160 400156 400162
L. H. 400159 400165 400157 400163
37 Roller Bearing 070030 071032 071033 072004
41 Seal (2-Output) 478051 478040 478040 478084
45 Gasket (Side Cover) HFB529000 HFB649000 HFB649000 TAS859000
48 Special Bolts (6 or 8-Side Cover) 021277 G223734 G223734 G223734
61 Dirt & Water Seal (Trunnion) K301963 478095 478095 478096
63 Retaining Ring 401674 401650 401650 401685
13
14
Initial TAS Installation
l Bolt gear to frame, torque to vehicle manufacturer’s recommendation.
l Connect return line to TAS return port.
l Connect hydraulic line from pump to pressure port in TAS unit.
l Connect steering column to input shaft, torque pinch bolt to vehicle manufacturer’s
recommendation.
l Install pitman arm on output shaft, torque bolt to vehicle manufacturer’s recom-
mendation.
Initial Poppet Setting
For this procedure to work correctly, you must have: A new gear received from TRW or your vehicle manufacturer’s
aftermarket system, or a used gear on which poppet seats have been replaced or reset during gear disassembly
procedures. ALSO: A fixed stop screw installed in the housing, or a poppet adjusting screw installed so that it dupli-
cates the fixed stop screw length.
CAUTION The axle stops and all steering
linkage must be set according to
vehicle manufacturer’s specifications, and the pitman
arm must be correctly aligned on the sector shaft for
poppets to be set correctly.
Full turn in one 1. With the engine at idle and the vehicle unloaded,
direction turn the steering wheel to full travel in one direction
until axle stop contact is made. Maximum input
torque to be applied during this procedure is 40 lb
rim pull (178 N) on a 20 in. (508mm) diameter
steering wheel.
NOTE If you encounter excess rim pull
effort, allow the vehicle to roll
forward or jack up the vehicle at the front axle.
Full turn in other 2. Follow the same procedure while turning the
direction steering wheel in the other direction. The poppets
are now positioned to trip and reduce pressure as
the steered wheels approach the axle stops in either
direction.
15
Maintenance Tips
Never high-pressure wash or steam clean a power steering Do not attempt to weld any broken steering component.
gear while on or off the vehicle. Doing so could force contami- Replace the component with original equipment only.
nants inside the gear and cause it to malfunction.
Do not cold straighten, hot straighten, or bend any steering
system component.
Make sure vehicle wheel cut or clearances meet
manufacturer’s specifications, and make sure pitman arm
timing marks are aligned properly to prevent internal
bottoming of the steering gear.
Always clean off around the reservoir filler cap before you
remove it. Prevent dirt or other foreign matter from
entering the hydraulic system.
Regularly check the fluid and the fluid level in the power
steering reservoir.
Investigate and correct any external leaks, no matter how
minor.
Keep tires inflated to correct pressure.
Replace reservoir filters according to requirements.
Never use a torch to remove pitman arm.
If you feel the vehicle is developing excessively high
Investigate and immediately correct the cause of any play, hydraulic fluid temperatures, consult with your vehicle
rattle, or shimmy in any part of the steering system. manufacturer for recommendations.
Make sure the steering column is aligned properly. Maintain grease pack behind the output shaft dirt and
water seal as a general maintenance procedure at least
twice a year, in the Spring and Fall. Grease fitting is
provided in housing trunnion. Use only NLGI grade 2
multipurpose chassis lube, and use only a hand operated
Encourage drivers to report any malfunctions or accidents that grease gun on fitting. Add grease until it begins to
could have damaged steering components. extrude past the sector shaft dirt and water seal.
Step Bore Gear Standard Gear
Corrosion Inhibiting Corrosion Inhibiting
Grease Barrier Grease Barrier
Dirt and
Bearing Dirt and
Water Seal Bearing High-Pressure
High-Pressure Water Seals
Output Seal Output Seal
16
Filling and Air Bleeding the System
Tools Required Materials Required
5
/16" Socket Hydraulic fluid
Lbf•in. Torque wrench
CAUTION Make sure poppets are set cor-
rectly before beginning this
procedure.
Run engine for 10 1. Fill the reservoir nearly full. Do not steer. Start and
seconds, turn off run the engine for 10 seconds, then shut it off.
and fill reservoir Check and refill the reservoir. Repeat at least three
times, checking the reservoir each time
Hydraulic fluid
CAUTION Do not allow the fluid level to drop
significantly or run out of the
reservoir. This may induce air into the system.
Run engine for 2
2. Start the engine and let it idle for 2 minutes. Do not
minutes, turn off steer. Shut off the engine and check the fluid level
and fill reservoir in the reservoir. Refill as required.
Hydraulic fluid
3. Start the engine again. Steer the vehicle from full
Steer vehicle
left to full right several times. Add fluid, as neces-
sary, to the full line on the dip stick.
Automatic bleed systems should now be free from
trapped air. Manual bleed systems continue with step 4.
Auto Bleed Plug
Do not Remove
4. With engine idling, steer from full left turn to full
Manual Bleed Screw Allow air to bleed
out from bleed right turn several times. Stop steering and loosen
screw the manual bleed screw about one turn. Allow air
and aerated fluid to “bleed out” until only clear fluid is
seen. Close the bleed screw, refill the reservoir if
Lbf•in. Torque required.
wrench
5
/16" Socket Repeat step 4 three to four times until all the air is
discharged. Torque manual bleed screw to 45 lbf•in.
CAUTION Do not turn steering wheel
bleed screw loosened.
17
Input Shaft Seal Replacement
This procedure uses the vehicle’s power steering pump
Tools Required Materials Required to force out the input shaft seal. To use this procedure,
the power steering pump should have a minimum of
Hammer Clean cloth 1,500 psi available.
J37073 Drip pan
Screwdriver High pressure fitting
Hydraulic fluid
Plug
Shop towel
Disconnect return 1. Disconnect return line from the steering gear and
line plug the line. Also cap the return port of the gear
with a high pressure fitting.
High pressure
fitting
Plug
Disconnect 2. Remove the steering column from the gear input
column shaft.
Remove dirt & 3. Remove the dirt and water seal from the steering
water seal gear. Save this seal to match the new seal to the
correct size.
Remove retaining 4. Wipe out the grease and then remove the spiral
ring retaining ring. Use a screwdriver inserted into the
notch formed in the end of the ring. Be careful not
Clean cloth to scratch the bore with the screwdriver.
Screwdriver
18
Replace column 5. Slip the steering column back onto the input shaft
with the pinch bolt installed, but not tightened.
Wrap exposed 6. Tie or wrap a shop towel around the input shaft area
area and place a drip pan under the vehicle to catch the
oil.
Drip pan
Shop towel
Fill reservoir 7. Add fluid as necessary, to the full line on the dip-
stick. Do not mix fluid types.
Hydraulic fluid
Any mixture of fluid types, or use of
WARNING any unapproved fluid could lead to
seal deterioration and leaks. A leak could ultimately
cause the loss of fluid, which could result in a loss of
power steering assist.
Force out the seal 8. With the vehicle in neutral, momentarily turn the
starter (quickly turn off the engine if it starts).
Remove input shaft 9. Remove the shop towel. Disconnect the steering
seal column, and remove the input shaft seal.
19
Inspect seal area 10. Check the seal area of the valve housing for any seal
fragments. Remove any that are found.
Inspect old seal 11. Check the seal for heat damage. If the seal is stiff
and brittle, and not pliable like the new seal, it is
New Seal probably heat damaged. Determine and fix the
cause of excessive heat in the vehicle.
Heat Damaged Seal
Install new seal 12. Put clean grease 406038 on the inside dia, of the
new input shaft seal, and place it over the input
Hammer shaft. With the small dia. of tool J37073 against the
J37073 seal, tap the tool until the tool shoulder is square
against the valve housing. Remove any seal mate-
rial that may have sheared off in the seal bore or
retaining ring groove.
Do not use a socket to install this
CAUTION
seal because you wiII not be able to
control seal installation depth, possibly causing a leak.
Install retaining 13. Insert new retaining ring into the groove.
ring
Install dirt & water 14. Pack the end of the valve housing bore around the
seal input shaft with grease 406038. Choose the correct
size dirt & water seal by comparing the choices to
the old seal, or by measuring the major diameter of
the input shaft serrations (see chart next page).
Apply more grease 406038 to the new dirt & water
seal and install it over the input shaft. Seat it in the
groove behind the serrations and against the valve
housing.
20
Reconnect column 15. Reconnect the steering column to the input shaft
and tighten the pinch bolt to torque level specified.
Reconnect return 16. Reconnect the return line to the steering gear return
line port.
Air bleed system 17. Air bleed the system using the procedure on page
17.
Seal Part No. Serration Size Major Serration Dia.
478044 13/16" x 36 0.807 / 0.799
478060 7/8 x 36 0.866 / 0.857
478050 1" x 36 0.987 / 0.977
478050 1" x 79 1.008 / 1.000
21
Sector Shaft Adjustment
This adjustment can only be completed on the vehicle if
Tools Required Materials Required the adjusting screw jam nut is accessible. This nut is
located on the side cover.
Screwdriver
¾" Socket Photos in this section were taken on a mock frame rail for
¾" Open end wrench clarity.
Center the sector 1. With the engine on, rotate the steering wheel (input
shaft shaft) until the timing mark on the sector shaft lines
up with the mark on the housing. The line on the
sector shaft should be at a 90° angle from the input
shaft. The sector shaft is now on its “center of
travel”. Turn the vehicle off.
Remove the drag 2. Remove the drag link from the pitman arm.
link
CAUTION To avoid resetting the poppets, do
not rotate the input shaft more than
1 ½ turns from the “center of travel” position while the
drag link is disconnected.
Check for sector 3. From the “center of travel” position, grasp the
shaft lash pitman arm and gently try to rotate it back and forth.
If looseness or lash is felt at this point, the sector
shaft is out of adjustment.
Loosen jam nut 4. Loosen the jam nut.
¾" Socket
NOTE If the gear is removed from the
vehicle to adjust the lash:
l Leave the pitman arm connected to the gear.
l Best option is to follow the Final Adjustment
procedure on page 63.
l Alternate option is to continue with step 5 of this
procedure.
22
Position adjusting 5. If no lash was detected in step 3, turn the shaft
screw adjusting screw counterclockwise until you feel lash
at the output shaft.
Screwdriver
Adjust shaft 6. Slowly turn the shaft adjusting screw clockwise until
you feel no lash at the output shaft without using
Screwdriver more than 10 lbf•ft (14 N•m) of torclue. From this
¾" Open end position, turn the screw clockwise 1/8 to 3/16 of a turn
wrench more. Hold the adjusting screw in place, and
tighten the jam nut. Final jam nuttorque 43 lbf•ft (58
N•m).
Recheck for lash 7. Turn the steering wheel ¼ turn each side of center,
then back to center and recheck the pitman arm for
lash. You should feel no lash; if there is lash, repeat
steps 4, 6 and 7.
Connect drag link 8. Reconnect the drag link to the pitman arm according
to manufacturer’s specifications.
CAUTION Maintain grease in the sector shaft
bearing through the grease fitting in
the housing using only a hand operated grease gun.
Add grease until it begins to extrude past the dirt and
water seal. Do not use a power grease gun because it
will supply grease too fast; this could adversely affect
the high pressure seal and contaminate the hydraulic
fluid.
23
Poppet Readjustment - Single Gears
This resetting procedure will work in most cases with at
Tools Required Materials Required least 1¾ hand-wheel-turns from each side of center. If
7
you’re making a large reduction in wheelcut and this
/32" Allen wrench Hydraulic fluid procedure does not work, you may have to replace or
5
/8" Open end wrench Jack internally reset the poppets using the procedure de-
¾" Open end wrench scribed in the Poppet Component section of this Service
¾" Socket Manual.
Lbf•lb Torque wrench
Set axle stops, 1. Set the axle stops to vehicle manufacturer’s
warm-up system wheelcut or clearance specifications.
Start the engine and allow the vehicle to idle for 5-
10 minutes to warm the hydraulic fluid. Shut off the
engine.
Assemble adjust- 2. If a new poppet adjusting screw and nut are being
ing screw into nut used, turn the screw into the non-sealing end of the
jam nut until the drive end of screw is flush with the
nut.
Your steering gear will have either a fixed stop bolt
or an adjusting screw. If the adjusting screw is
already part of the steering gear, back the nut off of
the adjusting screw until it is flush with the end of
the adjusting screw.
Remove poppet 3. Make sure the engine is off and the road wheels are
stop bolt in straight ahead position. Remove and discard the
poppet fixed stop bolt (if equipped) and washer (if
5
/8" Open end equipped) from the lower end of the housing.
wrench
If the unit has a poppet adjusting screw and sealing
nut that need to be replaced, remove and discard
them.
Turn adjusting 4. Turn the adjusting screw and sealing nut assembly,
screw assembly without rotating the nut on the screw, into the
into housing housing until the nut is firmly against the housing
using a 7/32" Allen wrench. Tighten the sealing nut
7
/32” Allen against the housing.
wrench
CAUTION If the drive end of the screw is
below the face of the nut, the popet
seat flange will break during step 7d.
24
Refill reservoir 5. Refill the system reservoir with approved hydraulic
fluid.
Hydraulic fluid
CAUTION Do not mix fluid types. Mixing of
transmission fluid, motor oil, or
other hydraulic fluids will cause seals to deteriorate
faster.
Jack up vehicle 6. Place a jack under the center of the front axle and
jack up the front end of the vehicle so the steer axle
tires are off the ground.
Jack
Push upper poppet 7. a)Start the engine and let it run at idle speed.
out to prepare it for b)Note which output shaft timing mark is nearest
setting the housing piston bore.
c) Turn the steering wheel in the direction that
makes this timing mark move toward the adjust-
ing screw just installed. Turn in this direction
until axle stop contact is made.
d)Pull hard on the steering wheel (put up to 40 lb
rim pull on a 20" dia. steering wheel) after the
axle stop is contacted.
Set upper poppet 8. a)Turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction
(end of timing mark away from adjusting screw)
until the other axle stop is contacted.
b)Pull hard on the steering wheel (put up to 40 lb
rim pull on a 20" dia. steering wheel).
c) Release the steering wheel and shut off the
engine.
Back out adjusting 9. Loosen the sealing nut and back out the adjusting
screw screw until 1“ is past the nut. Tighten the sealing
nut against the housing.
7
/32" Allen
wrench CAUTION Do not hold the steering wheel at
¾" Open end full turn for more than 10 seconds at
wrench a time; the heat build-up at pump relief pressure may
damage components.
25
Set lower poppet 10. a) Start the engine and let it idle.
b) Turn the steering wheel in the original direction
(end of timing mark toward adjusting screw), until
axle stop contact is made.
c) Hold the steering wheel in this position (with up
to 40 lb rim pull) for 10 seconds, then release.
Repeat this hold and release process as many
times as necessary while completing step 11.
11. a) With steering wheel held tightly at full turn loosen
Position adjusting
the jam nut and hold it in place with a wrench.
screw
b) Turn the adjusting screw in (clockwise) using
7
/32" Allen finger-pressure only (don’t use a ratchet), until the
wrench Allen wrench stops. Do not attempt to turn it in
¾" Open end further. Pause the turning-in process each time
wrench the driver releases the steering wheel; continue
¾" Socket turning only while the wheel is held at full turn.
Lbf•ft Torque
c) Back off the adjusting screw 31/4 turns and tighten
wrench
the sealing nut. Torque sealing nut to 35 lbf•ft.
The procedure is 12. The poppets have now been completely reset.
complete Lower the vehicle. Check the reservoir and fill if
required.
WARNING The length of the adjusting screw
beyond the nut must be no more
than 11/ 16” for proper thread engagement.
NOTE The length of adjusting screw
beyond the sealing nut may be
different for each vehicle.
26
Poppet Readjustment - Dual Gears
Mirror Image Systems and Reversed Image Systems
Before setting poppets on a dual gear system, you must
determine whether the system has mirror image gears or
reversed image gears. The procedures are slightly
different for each type of system.
1. Park the vehicle with the wheels turned all the way
to the axle stop in either direction. Turn the vehicle
off.
2. Look at the output shaft timing mark nearest the
housing piston bore on the master gear. Is this
mark pointing toward the poppet screw or away
from it?
3. Now check the same timing mark on the rotary
cylinder. Does it point toward the poppet screw or
away from it?
If they point to opposite ends of the gears you have
a mirror image system.
If they both point toward the poppet screws or both
point toward the end opposite the poppet screws,
you have a reversed image system.
Lower Poppet
Upper Poppets
Lower Poppet
27
Poppet Readjustment - Dual Gears - Mirror Image
This resetting procedure will work in most cases with at
Tools Required Materials Required least 1¾ hand-wheel-turns from each side of center. If
7
you’re making a large reduction in wheelcut and this
/32" Allen wrench Hydraulic fluid procedure does not work, you may have to replace or
5
/8" Open end wrench Jack internally reset the poppets using the procedure de-
¾" Open end wrench scribed in the Poppet Component section of this Service
¾" Socket Manual.
Lbf•lb Torque wrench
1. Set the axle stops to vehicle manufacturer’s 7. a) Start the engine and let it run at idle speed.
wheelcut or clearance specifications.
b) Turn the steering wheel in the direction that
Start the engine, and allow the vehicle to idle for 5- makes the timing mark on the master gear move
10 minutes to warm the hydraulic fluid. Shut off the toward the adjusting screw just installed. Turn in
engine. this direction until axle stop contact is made.
2. If new poppet adjusting screws and nuts will be c) Pull hard on the steering wheel (put 40 lbs. rim
used, turn each screw into the non-sealing end of pull on a 20" dia. steering wheel) after the axle
the jam nut until the drive end of screw is flush with stop is contacted.
the nut.
8. a) Turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction
Your steering gear and rotary cylinder will both have (end of timing mark on the master gear away
either fixed stop bolts or adjusting screws. If the from adjusting screw) until the other axle stop is
adjusting screw is already part of the gear or cylin- contacted.
der, back the nut off of the adjusting screw until it is
flush with the end of the adjusting screw. b) Pull hard on the steering wheel (put 40 lbs. rim
pull on a 20" dia. steering wheel).
3. Make sure the engine is off and the road wheels are
in straight ahead position. Remove and discard the c) Release the steering wheel and shut off the
poppet fixed stop bolt (if equipped) and washer (if engine.
equipped) from the lower end of housing on both
the gear and the cylinder. 9. Loosen the sealing nut and back out the adjusting
screw on the master gear until 1" is past the nut.
If either unit has a poppet adjusting screw and Tighten the sealing nut against the housing.
sealing nut that need to be replaced, remove and
discard them. CAUTION Do not hold the steering wheel at full
turn for more than 10 seconds at a time;
the heat build-up at pump relief pressure may damage
4. On both the master gear and the rotary cylinder, components.
turn the adjusting screw and sealing nut assembly,
without rotating the nut on the screw, into the
housing until the nut is firmly against the housing
using a 7/32" allen wrench. Tighten the sealing nut 10. a) Start the engine and let it idle.
against the housing.
b) Turn the steering wheel in the original direction
5. Refill system reservoir with approved hydraulic fluid. (end of timing mark on the gears toward
adjusting screw), until axle stop contact is made.
CAUTION Do not mix fluid types, Mixing of
transmission fluid, motor oil, or other c) Hold the steering wheel in this position (with 40
hydraulic fluids will cause seals to deteriorate faster. lbs. rim pull) for 10 seconds, then release.
Repeat this hold and release process as many
6. Place a jack under the center of the front axle and times as necessary while completing steps 11 &
jack up the front end of the vehicle so the steer axle 12.
tires are off the ground.
28
11. a) With steering wheel held at full turn, loosen the 15. The poppets have now been completely reset.
jam out on the master gear and hold it in place Lower the vehicle. Check the reservoir and fill if
with a wrench. required.
b) Turn the adjusting screw in (clockwise) using WARNING The length of the adjusting screw
finger - pressure only (don’t use a ratchet), until beyond the nut must be no more than
the Allen wrench comes to a stop. Do not 11/16" for proper thread engagement.
attempt to turn it in farther. Pause the turning-in
process each time the driver releases the NOTE The lenght of adjusting screw
steering wheel; Continue turning only while the beyond the sealing nut may be
wheel is held at full turn. different for each vehicle.
c) Back off the adjusting screw 3¼ turns and tighten
the sealing nut. Torque the sealing nut to 33-37
lbf•ft.
d) Release the steering wheel and shut off the
engine.
12. Loosen the sealing nut and back out the adjusting
screw on the rotary cylinder until 1 “ is past the nut.
Tighten the sealing nut against the housing.
13. a) Start the engine and let it idle.
b) Turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction
(end of timing mark on master gear away from
adjusting screw), until axle stop contact is made.
c) Hold the steering wheel in this position (put up to
40 lb. rim pull on a 20" dia. steering wheel) for 10
seconds, then release. Repeat this hold and
release process as many times as necessary
while completing step 14
14. a) With steering wheel held at full turn, loosen the
jam nut on the rotary cylinder and hold it in place
with a wrench.
b) Turn the adjusting screw in (clockwise) using
finger- pressure only (don’t use a ratchet), until
the Allen wrench comes to a stop. Do not
attempt to turn it in farther. Pause the turning-in
process each time the driver releases the
steering wheel; Continue turning only while the
wheel is held at full turn.
c) Back off the adjusting screw 3¼ turns and tighten
the sealing nut. Torque the sealing nut to 33-37
lbf•ft.
d) Release the steering wheel and shut off the
engine.
29
Poppet Readjustment - Dual Gears - Reversed Image
This resetting procedure will work in most cases with at
Tools Required Materials Required
least 13/4 hand-wheel-turns from each side of center. If
7 you’re making a large reduction in wheelcut and this
/32" Allen wrench Hydraulic fluid
5 procedure does not work, you may have to replace or
/8" Open end wrench Jack
internally reset the poppets using the procedure de-
¾" Open end wrench
scribed in the Poppet Component section of this Service
¾" Socket
Manual.
Lbf•lb Torque wrench
1. Set the axle stops to vehicle manufacturer’s 7. a) Start the engine and let it run at idle speed.
wheelcut or clearance specifications.
b) Note which output shaft timing mark is nearest
Start the engine, and allow the vehicle to idle for 5- the housing piston bore.
10 minutes to warm the hydraulic fluid. Shut off the
engine. c) Turn the steering wheel in the direction that
makes the timing mark move toward the
2. If new poppet adjusting screws and nuts are being adjusting screw just installed on both the gear
used, turn each screw into the non-sealing end of and the cylinder. Turn in this direction until axle
the jam nut until the drive end of screw is flush stop contact is made.
with the nut.
d) Pull hard on the steering wheel (put 40 lbs. rim
Your steering gear and rotary cylinder will have pull on a 20" dia. steering wheel) after the axle
either fixed stop bolts or adjusting screws. If the stop is contacted.
adjusting screw is already part of the steering gear
or cylinder, back the nut off of the adjusting screw 8. a) Turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction
until it is flush with the end of the adjusting screw. (end of timing mark away from adjusting screw)
until the other axle stop is contacted.
3. Make sure the engine is off and the road wheels are
in straight ahead position. Remove and discard the b) Pull hard on the steering wheel (put 40 lbs. rim
poppet fixed stop bolts (if equipped) and washer (if pull on a 20" dia. steering wheel).
equipped) from the lower end of housing on both
the master gear and the rotary cylinder. c) Release the steering wheel and shut off the
engine.
If the unit has a poppet adjusting screw and sealing
nut that need to be replaced, remove and discard 9. Loosen the sealing nut and back out the adjusting
them. screw until 1” is past the nut on both the master
gear and the rotary cylinder. Tighten the sealing
4. Turn the adjusting screws and sealing nut assem- nut against the housing.
blies, without rotating the nut on the screw, into the
housing until the nut is firmly against the housing CAUTION Do not hold the steering wheel at full
on both the master gear and the rotary cylinder, turn for more than 10 seconds at a time;
using a 7/32" allen wrench. Tighten the sealing nut the heat build-up at pump relief pressure may damage
against the housing. components.
5. Refill system reservoir with approved hydraulic fluid. 10. a) Start the engine and let it idle.
CAUTION Do not mix fluid types, Mixing of b) Turn the steering wheel in the original direction
transmission fluid, motor oil, or other (end of timing mark toward adjusting screw), until
hydraulic fluids will cause seals to deteriorate faster. axle stop contact is made.
6. Place a jack under the center of the front axle and c) Hold the steering wheel in this position (with 40
jack up the front end of the vehicle so the steer axle lbs. rim pull) for 10 seconds, then release.
tires are off the ground. Repeat this hold and release process as many
times as necessary while completing steps 11
and 12, first on the master, gear then on the
rotary cylinder.
30
11. a) With steering wheel held at full turn, loosen the
jam out on the master gear and hold it in place
with a wrench.
b) Turn the adjusting screw in (clockwise) using
finger - pressure only (don’t use a ratchet), until
the Allen wrench comes to a stop. Do not
attempt to turn it in farther. Pause the turning-in
process each time the driver releases the
steering wheel; Continue turning only while the
wheel is held at full turn.
c) Back off the adjusting screw 31/4 turns and tighten
the sealing nut. Torque the sealing nut to 33-37 lbf••ft.
12. a) With steering wheel held at full turn, loosen the
jam nut on the rotary cylinder and hold it in place
with a wrench.
b) Turn the adjusting screw in (clockwise) using
finger- pressure only (don’t use a ratchet), until
the Allen wrench comes to a stop. Do not
attempt to turn it in farther. Pause the turning-in
process each time the driver releases the
steering wheel; Continue turning only while the
wheel is held at full turn.
c) Back off the adjusting screw 31/4 turns and tighten
the sealing nut. Torque the sealing nut to 33-37lbf•ft.
13. The poppets on both the master gear and rotary
cylinder have now been completely reset. Lower
the vehicle. Check the reservoir and fill if required.
WARNING The length of the adjusting screw
beyond the nut must be no more than
11/16 " for proper thread engagement.
NOTE The lenght of adjusting screw
beyond the sealing nut may be
different for each vehicle.
31
Disassembly Preparation
Stop the vehicle with wheels pointed straight ahead.
Clean off all outside dirt from around fittings and hose connections before you remove the gear.
Remove input and output shaft connections per vehicle manufacturer’s instructions.
WARNING When using a chisel to spread a pinch bolt-type pitman arm boss for assembly or removal
from the shaft, maintain a firm grip on the chisel at all times. Failure to do this may result in
the chisel flying loose which could cause an injury. Never leave the chisel wedged in the pitman arm boss. If
you cannot remove the pitman arm from the shaft with a chisel and your hands, remove the chisel from the arm
boss and use a puller only to remove pitman arm.
Do not use a hammer on the pitman arm to remove it from sector shaft as internal damage to
CAUTION
steering gear could result. Be sure there is no spreading wedge left in the pitman arm boss
before tightening pitman arm clamp bolt after assembly on sector shaft. Do not pound the universal joint or input
shaft coupling on or off the input shaft as internal damage to the steering gear can result.
CAUTION Unless the poppet adjuster seat and sleeve assemblies (22) are to be removed and replaced
or reset for automatic poppet adjustment, or a manual adjustment with a service poppet
adjuster screw (59) and nut (60) is anticipated, do not allow the input shaft on a steering gear with the automatic
poppet adjustment feature to rotate more than 1.5 input shaft revolutions from “straight ahead position” when the
output shaft is disconnected from the vehicle steering linkage; this could disrupt the poppet setting achieved at
initial installation. The steering gear is in the “straight ahead position” when the timing marks on the end of the
housing trunnion and sector shaft are aligned.
Remove the supply and return lines from the gear, and immediately plug all port holes and fluid lines.
WARNING TAS steering gears can weigh up to 110 pounds dry. Exercise caution when you remove, lift,
carry, or fix in a bench vise.
Remove the steering gear from the vehicle and take it to a clean work surface.
Clean and dry the gear before you start to disassemble it.
As you disassemble the gear, clean all parts in clean, OSHA approved solvent, and air blow-dry them
only.
WARNING Because they are flammable, be extremely careful when using any solvents. Even a small
explosion or fire could cause injury or death.
WARNING Wear eye protection and be sure to comply with OSHA or other maximum air pressure
requirements.
CAUTION Never steam clean or high-pressure wash hydraulic steering components. Do not force or
abuse closely fitted parts. Use care that bearing and sealing surfaces are not damaged by
the assembly and disassembly procedures.
Keep each part separate to avoid nicks and burrs.
Discard all seals, o-rings, and gaskets removed from the gear. Replace them with new parts only.
The steering gear should be identified to the vehicle from which it was removed. The poppet adjuster
seat and sleeve assemblies are set for that particular vehicle only.
33
Disassembly
Tools Required Materials Required
Allen wrenches Screwdriver Emery cloth
Pocket knife Sockets: Masking tape
Ratchet l Standard
Rolling head l Torx
pry bar Vise
Rubber mallet
Position gear in 1. Put the steering gear in a vise, clamping firmly
vise against the housing mounting flange or boss. Input
shaft should be horizontal; side cover and valve
housing are accessible for disassembly.
CAUTION Do not clamp against body of
housing. If mounting boss or flange
is not accessible, fabricate and attach a mounting plate
to the housing mounting bosses.
Unplug ports 2. Prepare for fluid drainage and unplug hydraulic ports.
Appropriate size
socket or open-
end wrench
Position sector 3. Rotate the input shaft until the timing mark on the
shaft end of the sector shaft is in line with the timing
mark on the end of the housing. This will position
the sector shaft for removal.
Remove dirt & 4. Standard gears only - Remove and discard dirt &
water seal water seal (39) from the housing trunnion.
Small
screwdriver
34
Clean sector shaft 5. Remove any paint or corrosion from the exposed
area of the sector shaft (42).
Fine grade
emery cloth
Tape sector shaft 6. Tape the serrations and bolt groove of the sector
shaft with one layer of masking tape. The tape
Masking tape should not extend onto the sector shaft bearing
diameter.
Remove jam nut 7. Remove the sector shaft adjusting screw jam nut
(47).
¾" Socket
Remove side cover 8. Be prepared for more fluid drainage and remove the
bolts six or eight special bolts (48) from the side cover
(46).
15
/16" Socket or
13
/16" Socket
Remove side cover 9. Be prepared for more fluid drainage and remove the
side cover and sector shaft assembly from the gear.
Soft Mallet You may start the shaft and cover assembly removal
by tapping the end of the shaft lightly with a soft
mallet or wooden hammer handle.
35
Discard gasket 10. Remove and discard the side cover gasket (45).
Remove vent plug 11. Remove and discard the vent plug (49).
Remove sector 12. Screw sector shaft adjusting screw (43) clockwise
shaft from cover through the side cover and pull the sector shaft out
of the side cover.
Screwdriver
Remove side cover 13.
CAUTION Don’t damage the bore or DU
seal bushing when removing the seal.
TAS85 gears are not equipped with the DU bushing.
3
/8” Drive socket
Rolling head pry Clamp the side cover in a vise Place a standard 5/8"
bar or 11/16" - 3/8 drive socket in the center of the side
cover. pry the seal (41) out with a rolling head pry
bar, using the socket for support. Discard the seal
and remove the socket.
Inspect the sector shaft assembly for damaged
Inspect adjusting 14.
adjusting screw threads. The retainer (44) must be
screw and retainer
securely staked in place. The adjusting screw must
rotate by hand with no perceptible end play (lash).
36
Remove relief 15. If equipped, remove relief valve cap (56), o-ring (57)
valve components and two-piece relief valve (58) from the valve
housing. Discard the o-ring.
7
/8" Socket
Remove dirt & 16. Remove and discard the dirt & water seal (2, 2B or
water seal 2C) from the input shaft (13 or 13A). Save this seal
for comparison with the new seal.
Clean input shaft 17. Clean any paint or corrosion from the exposed area
of the input shaft.
Fine grade
emery cloth
Remove valve 18. Remove the four torx head valve housing bolts (1).
housing bolts
Torx socket
E-16 or E-18
Remove valve 19. Be prepared for more fluid drainage and remove the
housing, worm and rack piston subassembly. Place the assembly on a
rack subassembly clean cloth. For the TAS85 it may help to rotate the
input shaft to move the rack piston toward the lower
end of the housing. This will force the valve housing
to exit the main housing.
CAUTION The set position of poppet seat and
sleeve assemblies (22) must not be
disturbed if the poppets are not going to be replaced or
reset during disassembly.
37
Pocket knife 19A. NOTE If your gear is short “V” construc-
tion, the rack piston seal is on
the end of the rack piston farthest from the input
shaft. Remove the seal before removing the valve
housing assembly to prevent the Teflon rack piston
seal ring (20) from “hanging up” when it exits the
housing. Expose the seal through the sector shaft
cavity, then cut and remove the seal ring from the
rack piston.
Remove seals 20. Remove and discard the valve housing seal rings (6
& 7).
CAUTION Do not remove the input shaft, valve
worm assembly or balls from the
rack piston until the ball return guides are removed as
damage to the ball guides will occur.
Remove ball return 21. Remove and discard the two special sealing screws
guide cap/strap (31). Remove the ball return cap (30) and seal (29),
or strap (32), discard the seal.
5
/32" Allen
wrench or T-30
Torx wrench
OR
Remove ball return 21A. Bend down the two tabs (tangs) that are against the
guide clip hex head bolts. Remove two bolts and the clip.
Discard the clip.
½" Socket
Remove ball return 22. Make sure the rack piston is on a cloth so the steel
guides balls that fall out won’t roll very far. Remove ball
return guide halves (28) by carefully inserting a
Screwdriver screwdriver between the rack piston and guides.
NOTE Left hand ball return guide
halves are copper plated for
identification and right hand guides are not plated.
Retain the guides for reassembly
38
Remove steel balls 23. Remove the steel balls (27) from the rack piston (19)
by rotating the input shaft, valve worm assembly
until the balls fall out. Place the balls and return
guides in a cup or other container. Count the balls,
and make sure all have been removed.
CAUTION The steel balls are a matched set.
If any are lost, the set must be
replaced by service balls. Number of factory balls
installed: TAS40-29, TAS55-31 (30 if date code is 337-89
or earlier), TAS65-32, TAS85-34.
Separate rack 24. Remove the input shaft, valve/worm, valve housing
piston from worm subassembly from the rack piston.
subassembly
Remove seal ring 25. Cut and remove the Teflon seal ring (20) and o-ring
and o-ring (21) from the rack piston if not removed during
disassembly step 19A.
Pocket knife
Inspect poppet 26. Push poppet stems, they should spring back. Push
assemblies poppet seat, it should not move by hand. If compo-
nents are bent or broken, poppet stems don’t spring
back, or poppet seat moves by hand, go to Poppet
Component Replacement section on page 51. Other-
wise, proceed to step 27.
NOTE TRW recommends the poppet
adjuster seat and sleeve assem-
blies (22) not be removed unless replacement of
poppet components is required.
27. Inspect valve housing/worm screw subassembly for
Inspect valve heat damage or bearing roughne3s. If these condi-
housing and worm tions are present, or if there was excessive internal
screw leakage, or if preload adjustment is required, go to
Valve Housing/Worm Screw Disassembly procedures
on page 53. If not, proceed to step 28.
39
Remove retaining 28. Standard gears only - Remove the retaining ring (36)
ring (if equipped) that is closest to the output end of the housing
trunnion.
Remove dirt seal 29. Standard gears - Remove and discard dirt seal (38).
Step bore gears - Remove and discard the dirt and
Screwdriver
water seal (61).
Remove pressure 30. Standard gears - Insert a screwdriver into the housing
seal (and spacer bearing bore from the trunnion end, and carefully
washer if push the seal (41) and spacer washer (40) out of the
equipped) other end of the bearing bore without damaging the
sealing area of the bore. Discard the seal.
Screwdriver
Step Bore gears - Remove the retaining ring (63)
through the side cover opening. Then insert a
screwdriver through the trunnion opening, and
carefully push the seal (41) out without damaging the
sealing area of the bore. Discard the seal.
Inspect roller 31. Standard gears - Inspect roller bearing (37) in the
bearing housing for brinelling or spalling. Inspect retaining
ring for damage. If replacement of either part is
required, go to Roller Bearing or Retaining Ring
Replacement on page 60. If not, proceed to step 32.
Step Bore gears - Inspect the roller bearing (37) for
brinelling or spalling. If replacement is required, go
to Roller Bearing Replacement - Step Bore on page 61.
If not, proceed to step 32.
Inspect housing 32. Inspect the following for damage:
screws, and plugs
l Poppet fixed stop screw (52 or 52A) and washer
(53) if equipped.
l Poppet adjusting screw (59) and sealing nut (60)
l Auto-bleed plug (51)
l Manual bleed screw (50)
l Auxiliary port plugs (54) and o-rings (55)
If any are damaged, go to Replace Housing Ports,
Plugs and Screws on page 62. If not, proceed to the
Inspection Section.
40
Inspection
Make sure all sealing surfaces and seal cavities are free from nicks and corrosion. Any nicked or
corroded surface requires part replacement to ensure proper sealing.
Wash all parts in clean, OSHA approved solvent. Air blow them dry only.
WARNING Because they are flammable, be extremely careful when using any solvents. Even a small
explosion or fire could cause injury or death.
Wear protection and be sure to comply with OSHA or other maximum air pressure
WARNING
requirements.
WARNING Any of the following conditions present in the steering part indicates impact damage.
Condition Area
Brinelling l Ball track grooves of rack piston
l Ball track grooves of worm screw
l Bearing area of sector shaft
l Thrust washers and bearings in valve housing
Cracks or Breaks l Bearing area of sector shaft
l Sector shaft teeth
l Rack piston teeth
l Housing
l Thrust washers and bearings in valve housing
l Worm screw
Twisted serrations l Output shaft serrations
If one of these conditions is found in one component, be sure to inspect all components carefully for signs of
impact damage. Replace components noted in individual inspection steps below if you suspect impact
damage. Failure to replace all damaged components could result in a serious vehicle accident.
Inspect rack piston 1. Inspect the rack piston (19) teeth for cracks or
teeth obvious damage. If teeth are damaged, replace the
rack piston, sector shaft (42) and set of balls (27).
Inspect rack piston 2. Inspect the rack piston (19) ball track grooves for
and worm ball brinelling or spalling. If either condition exists,
track grooves replace the input shaft, valve/worm assembly, valve
housing, rack piston subassembly and balls.
41
Inspect input shaft, 3. Inspect the sealing area of input shaft and valve (13
valve/worm or 13A) for nicks, and damage. Inspect for discolora-
assembly sealing tion from excess heat. Inspect input shaft ball-track
areas grooves for brinelling or spalling. If any of these
conditions exist, replace the input shaft, valve worm
assembly, valve housing and balls. Also replace rack
piston if brinelling or spalling is found.
Inspect housing 4. Inspect the housing (34) cylinder bore. some
cylinder bore scoring marks are normal. If there was internal
leakage greater than 1 gal/min, make sure there are
no damaged seals before replacing the housing.
Inspect housing 5. Inspect the housing faces for nicks that would
faces prevent proper sealing. Replace the gear housing if
these nicks are present and cannot be easily re-
moved with a fine-tooth flat file without changing
the dimensional characteristics.
Inspect side cover 6. TAS40, 55, 65: Inspect side cover (46) DU bushing for
bushing/bearing damage. Also check side cover bushing to sector
shaft clearance. If damage exists, or if clearance
exceeds .008" (0.20 mm) replace side cover/bushing
assembly.
TAS85: Inspect roller bearing in side cover assembly
(46) for brinelling or spalling. If either condition
exists, replace the side cover and bearing assembly.
Inspect sector 7. Inspect the sector shaft (42) bearing and sealing
shaft assembly areas and sector teeth contact surfaces for
brinelling, spalling or cracks. Run your fingernail
edge across these areas to detect steps. Remove
masking tape from the shaft and inspect for twisted
or otherwise damaged serrations. If any of these
conditions exist, replace the sector shaft.
NOTE A service sector shaft will come
assembled with the adjusting
screw (43) and retainer (44).
42
Assembly Preparation
Wash all parts in clean, OSHA approved solvent. Air blow-dry them only.
WARNING Because they are flammable, be extremely careful when using any solvents. Even a small
explosion or fire could cause injury or death.
WARNING Wear eye protection and be sure to comply with OSHA or other maximum air pressure
requirements.
Replace all seals, seal rings, and gaskets with new ones each time you disassemble the gear.
TRW Commercial Steering Division makes complete seal kits available. These parts can be purchased
through most OEM parts distributors. Contact your local dealer for availability.
Assembly
Tools Required Materials Required
5/32"Allen J37071 (TAS55/65) Ratchet ATF oil Seal kit: Ross TAS400003
wrench or Screwdriver Grease (Exxon TAS550004
Lbf•ft Torque J37071-A Sockets Unirex* RS460 TAS650012
wrench J38779 (TAS85) Torx sockets Masking tape TAS850003or4
Hammer Press Vise 7/16"-14 x 71/4" All Thread
J37705 (TAS40) Punch
Install dirt seal 1. Standard Gears - Install new dirt seal (38) into the
trunnion end of the housing sector shaft bore and
against the bearing, with the seal lip out.
Install retaining 2. Standard gears only - Install the outside retaining ring
ring (36), seating it firmly in the housing retaining ring
groove.
*Trademark of Exxon Oil Corp.
45
Install washer 1. Standard gears only - Install washer (40) into the side
cover side of the housing seal bore with the small
diameter piloted into the retaining ring.
NOTE If you are working with a
housing with an unmachined
trunnion face, you may need to square the hous-
ing to the press with shims for step 4.
Press seal into 2. All gears - Assemble new seal (41) onto bearing and
housing seal tool (short end) so the lip with the garter spring
is toward the shoulder of the tool. Working from
the side cover side of the housing, pilot the seal tool
J37705 (TAS40)
J37071 or J37071-A
into the washer and bearing and press with a force
(TAS55/65) of 100-800 lb (445-3,560 N) until the seal is seated
J38779 (TAS85) firmly.
Press
3. Step Bore gears only - Install the inside retaining ring
(63) from the side cover opening. Seat the ring
firmly in the retaining ring groove.
Grease the bearing 4. Standard gears - Liberally pack the area between dirt
and seal area seal (38) and pressure seal (41) including roller
bearing with clean, high temperature industrial
Grease grease, 045422 Exxon Unirex* RS460.
Install dirt & water 5. Step Bore gears - Install the dirt & water seal (61)
seal with the bearing and seal tool (long end), making
sure it is not cocked. Press the seal only until it
J37071 or J37071-A seats against the bearing, don’t push it in farther.
Press
6. Liberally pack the roller bearing and new seals with
clean, high temperature industrial grease, Exxon
Unirex* RS460.
Assemble seal 7. Lightly oil new seal ring (7) and assemble in valve
rings housing mounting face groove.
TAS40,55,65: Oil new seal ring (6) and assemble in
valve housing mounting face groove.
TAS85: Oil new seal ring (6) and assemble in valve
housing pilot groove.
*Trademark of Exxon Oil Corp.
44
Install rack piston 8. Install a new backup o-ring (21) and then a new
o-ring and seal Teflon seal ring (20) on rack piston (19). Do not
ring over-stretch these rings as you install them. Do not
allow the Teflon seal ring to be twisted.
Position rack 9. Apply clean oil to housing cylinder bore. Place the
piston in housing rack piston (19) in the housing piston bore with ball
return guide holes up.
Insert worm and 10. Insert the worm screw into the rack piston close to
valve assembly maximum depth, without the valve housing making
into rack piston contact with the poppet stem. Insert two 7/16"-14 All
threads through valve housing bolt holes and tighten
7/16"-14 into housing to support the worm screw. Line up
x 71/4 “ All
rack piston ball guide holes with the worm ball track
Thread
grooves by rotating the input shaft.
Assemble ball 11. Assemble the ball return guide halves (28) into the
return guide rack piston until seated, rotate the input shaft
halves slightly if necessary.
WARNING Do not seat guides with a hammer.
Damage to guides can result in
subsequent lockup or loss of steering.
CAUTION If a new rack piston (19) or a new
input shaft, valve, worm subassem-
bly (13 or 13A) is being assembled, the balls (27)
removed from the unit must be discarded and a service
ball kit utilized. The balls in a service ball kit are sized
to function in the ball track guide path as altered by
component replacement.
CAUTION When using the service ball kit,
use the correct quantity of service
balls: TAS40-29,TAS55-31,TAS65-32,TAS85-34.
45
Assemble balls 12. Hold the ball return guides (28) firmly in place during this
entire procedure. Insert as many of the steel balls as
you can through the hole in the top of the ball return
guides. Rotate the input shaft to pull the balls down
and around the ball track guide path. Continue until
the correct number of balls are in the ball track guide
path.
WARNING Hold down the ball return guides
until cap or clip is reinstalled.
Failure to hold the guides will result in a trapped ball or
balls, which could cause a vehicle accident. If the ball
guides become unseated (raise up) at any time, repeat
the procedure starting at step 9.
WARNING The correct number of balls are
required for proper gear operation.
Count the balls and insert each carefully as in step 11.
TAS40 TAS55 TAS65 TAS85
Original 29 30/311* 32 34
Service 29 31 32 34
*TAS55 gears built prior to 338-89 were equipped with
30 balls
CAUTION Do not allow valve housing to
contact the poppet stem or move
more than 21/2 inches (69.1 mm) from upper end of rack
piston during these procedures. This could incorrectly
reset the poppet, or back out worm beyond closed ball
loop, trapping balls.
CAUTION Remove any fluid present in the two
screw holes. Fluid in these holes
could cause improper clamp load when torquing the
cap or strap screws.
Assemble ball 13. Place a new ball return guide cap seal (29) in the
return guide cap seal groove of the cap (30). Make sure the seal
makes full contact with the rack piston surface.
5/32"Allen or T- Install two new Allen or Torx head screws (31) and
30 Torx socket torque each screw alternately until a final torque of
Lbf•in. Torque 18 lbf•ft (24.5 N•m) is achieved.
wrench
CAUTION Ball cap seal is greased to hold
Grease seal in groove while assembling.
Be sure not to trap the seal outside of the groove during
reassembly.
46
Assemble ball 14. If your gear was equipped with the ball return guide
return guide strap strap (32), or if it was equipped with the clip, install
the new ball return guide strap. Position it on the
5/32"Allen or T- rack piston, install two new Allen or Torx head
30 Torx socket screws (31) and torque each screw alternately until
Lbf•in. Torque a final torque of 18 lbflft (24.5 Nlm) is achieved.
wrench
Grease
Rotate input shaft 15. Rotate the input shaft from one end of travel to the
to check for proper other without contacting the poppet stem to the
installation of valve housing, and without moving the valve hous-
balls ing face more than 21/2" (69.1 mm) from input end
(upper end) of rack piston. If you cannot rotate the
input shaft, remove the balls and reassemble them.
WARNING If you install a gear on a vehicle
with the worm shaft unable to
rotate, the gear will not function correctly. Steering and
gear failure may result.
Install rack piston, 16. Apply clean oil to Teflon seal ring (20) on rack piston.
worm, valve Make sure there is a space of 3/8 - 1/2" (10.0-13.0
assembly mm)
between valve housing (5) and poppet stem to
prevent poppet contact at either end. Remove the
Oil All Threads, and push the rack piston assembly into
the housing with the rack piston teeth toward the
sector shaft cavity. Line up the valve housing
cylinder feed hole with the gear housing feed hole.
Make sure both o-rings in the valve housing remain
in position.
CAUTION Do not damage the seal ring (19)
while installing the rack piston into
housing. If the seal ring end of rack piston enters the
housing first, the seal ring will be destroyed when the
rack is removed.
CAUTION The poppet seat and sleeve
assemblies (22) must not bottom
against the internal poppet stops in the steering gear
until the gear is installed on the vehicle and the poppet
adjustment procedures are performed.
Install valve
housing bolts 17. Lubricate and install the four valve housing bolts (1)
into the housing. Torque the TAS40, 55 and 65 bolts
alternately to 80 lbf ft (108.5 Nlm). Torque TAS85 bolts
E-16 Torx
to 118 lbf-ft (160 Nlm).
socket (TAS40,
55,65)
E-18 Torx
socket (TAS85
Lbf•ft Torque
wrench
47
Install relief valve 18. If the gear is equipped with a relief valve, assemble
parts a new o-ring (57) on relief valve cap (56). Assemble
the small end of tapered spring onto the pin on the
7/8"
relief valve cartridge and insert the assembly (58),
Socket
(large end of tapered spring end first) into the relief
Lbf-ft Torque
valve cap cavity. Turn the relief valve cap as as-
wrench
sembled into the valve housing and torque to 30
lbflft (41 Nlm).
Lubricate side 19. TAS40, 55, 65: Lightly oil DU bushing. Do not grease.
cover bushing/
bearing TAS85 only: Apply a generous amount of Exxon
Unirex* RS460 (do not substitute another type of
grease) to the caged bearing assembly inside the
side cover.
CAUTION This bearing is sealed and will
receive no lubrication from the
hydraulic fluid in the gear. Failure to use the proper
grease could result in premature bearing wear.
Press seal in side 20. Grease and assemble new seal (41) onto installation
cover tool so the side with the garter spring is against the
shoulder of the tool. Pilot the tool into the side
cover (46) with a force of 100-800 lb (445-3560 N)
J37705 (TAS40)
until it is seated against the bearing or bushing.
J37071 or J37071-A
(TAS55/65)
J38779 (TAS85) CAUTION Make sure the OD of the seal, and
the ID of the bore are free from
Press
grease and dust, for proper engagement of the seal.
Lubricate sector 21. TAS40, 55, 65: Lightly oil short bearing area of sector
shaft shaft. Do not grease.
TAS85 only: Apply a generous amount of Exxon
Unirex* RS460 to the short bearing area of the
sector shaft.
Install sector shaft 22. Insert the sector shaft (42) into the side cover
into side cover subassembly (46), and screw the sector shaft
adjusting screw (43) counterclockwise into the side
cover until the screw reaches solid height.
Screwdriver
Rotate the adjusting screw clockwise one half turn
so the side cover will rotate freely on the sector
shaft.
*Trademark of Exxon Oil Corp.
48
Install jam nut 23. Install the sector shaft adjusting screw jam nut (47)
onto the sector shaft adjusting screw (43) a few
threads. Final adjustment will be made later.
Assemble vent 24. Press the new vent plug (49) into the hole provided
plug in the side cover until the plug is bottomed.
WARNING Do not weld or otherwise plug this
hole in any permanent manner.
This is a safety vent which functions only if the side
cover seal fails. If the seal fails and the plug cannot
vent, the steering gear may lock-up or otherwise
malfunction.
Install side cover 25. Apply clean grease to the new side cover gasket
gasket (45) to hold it in place and assemble it onto the side
cover (46).
Center rack piston 26. There are four teeth on the rack piston. Rotate input
shaft to position the rack piston so the space
between the second and third tooth is in the center
of the sector shaft opening. This will center the rack
piston for assembly of sector shaft.
WARNING If the rack piston is not centered
when sector shaft is installed, gear
travel will be severely limited in one direction. This
could result in an accident.
Install sector shaft 27. Clean off any old tape on the serrations. Reapply
and side cover into one layer of masking tape. Install the sector shaft
housing assembly into the housing. The center tooth of the
sector shaft must engage the center space (be-
Masking tape tween the second and third tooth) of the rack piston,
with side cover gasket in place.
CAUTION It the serrations are not properly
taped, they will damage the output
seal (38) in housing, causing the seal to leak.
49
Install side cover 28. Install TAS40, 55 and 65 bolts in positions 3 and 4
bolts first, by hand. For TAS85, Install in positions 3 and 6
TAS85 first, by hand. Install the remaining special side
13/16" Socket cover bolts (48) into the side cover and torque them
(TAS40) in the sequence shown. If bolts must be replaced,
15/16" Socket use bolts of the same design, type and length as
TAS40,55,65 (TAS55,65,85) those you removed. Do not use a substitute.
Lbf•ft Torque
wrench Lubricate side cover bolts and torque TAS40 bolts to
118 lbf•ft (160 N m), TAS55, 65 and 85 bolts to
170 lbf•ft (230 N m).
Remove tape 29. Standard gears - Remove tape from sector shaft and
pack the end of the housing trunnion area at the
sector shaft with clean, high temperature industrial
grease, Exxon Unirex* RS460. Apply more of the
grease to the inside of the new trunnion dirt seal
(39) and assemble it over the sector shaft and into
the trunnion bore.
Step bore gears - remove tape from the sector shaft.
Install dirt& water 30. Pack the end of the valve housing bore around the
seal input shaft with clean, high temperature industrial
grease, Exxon Unirex* RS460. Apply more of the
Grease grease to the inside of a new dirt and water seal (2,
2B or 2C) and install it over the input shaft. Seat the
seal in the groove behind the serrations and against
the valve housing.
This step may have already been completed if you
disassembled the valve housing and worm screw
for repair.
Proceed to Final Adjustments on page 63.
*Trademark of Exxon Oil Corp.
50
Poppet Component Replacement
Tools Required Materials Required
2 lb Sledge Ratchet Locquic “T” primer
Lbf-ft Torque Soft-jawed vise Loctite RC680
wrench
J36452-A
Press
3/8" x 6" drill rod
Place rack piston 1. If the poppet assemblies are to be removed for
in vise replacement, place rack piston in a soft-jawed vise.
Soft-jawed vise
Loosen poppet 2. Slide special tool #J36452-A over the seat of poppet
adjuster seat adjuster seat and sleeve assembly (22) and engage
tool in the slots in the threaded sleeve. Hit the end
J36452-A of the tool firmly four or five times with a 2 lb sledge
2 Lb Sledge hammer to loosen Loctite.
CAUTION Poppet adjuster seat and sleeve
assemblies (22) are retained by
Loctite applied to the threads which makes the assem-
blies difficult to remove.
Remove poppet 3. With a ratchet applied to the tool, turn one adjuster
adjuster seat seat and sleeve assembly out of the rack piston. If
the ratchet does not turn easily, strike the adjuster
removal tool again with a hammer. If the engaging
J36452-A tangs won’t stay in place while torquing, it might be
necessary to hold in place with an arbor press while
applying loosening torque. Discard poppet seat and
sleeve assembly.
Remove poppet 4. Remove the two poppets (23 or 23A), spring (24),
components and push tube (26). Some gears will also have a
spacer rod (25) to be removed.
Old Design Spring New Design Spring
Poppet Poppet Poppet Poppet
Spacer Rod
Poppet Seat and Poppet Seat and
Sleeve Assembly Sleeve Assembly
51
Remove other seat 5. Remove and discard remaining poppet seat and
& sleeve if sleeve assembly only if required.
necessary
NOTE It is possible to reset one
poppet adjuster seat and sleeve
assembly for automatic poppet adjustment while it
is in the rack piston if one adjuster seat and sleeve
assembly and the poppets, spring, spacer rod and
push tube are removed.
Reset remaining 6. It one poppet seat and sleeve assy. (22) was left in
poppet seat and rack piston, it can be reset for automatic poppet
sleeve assembly adjustment by inserting a 3/8" (9.52 mm) diameter X
6" (152.4 mm) drill rod down through the poppet
Press seat hole at the opposite end of the rack piston and
3/ X 6" Drill rod
8" against the adjuster seat to press the seat in until it
bottoms against the adjuster sleeve.
Apply Locquic T 7. Carefully apply Locquic “T” primer to the threads in
primer and Loctite poppet holes, and threads on the new seat and
RC680 sleeve assemblies (22). Allow to dry for ten min-
utes; then carefully apply Loctite R RC680 to same
Locquic “T” threads.
Install
primerone poppet
seat
Loctite sleeve
and RC680 CAUTION Do not allow Loctite or Locquic to
assembly get on the adjuster seat component
of the adjuster seat and sleeve assembly. The poppets
will not function properly.
Install one poppet 8. WARNING Wear eye protection while assem-
seat and sleeve bling poppets, as spring loaded
assembly poppets could eject and cause eye injury.
Soft-jawed vise Place rack piston (19) in a soft-jawed vise and turn
one new poppet adjuster seat and sleeve assembly
(22), (slotted end out) into the poppet hole in one
end of rack piston.
WARNING Do not use the spacer with the new
poppet design. You must install the
spacer with the old poppet design.
Install remaining
poppet compo- 9. From the other end of the poppet hole in the rack
nents piston, install: one poppet (23A), poppet spring (24),
push tube (26), other poppet (23A), and the other
J36452-A new poppet adjuster seat and sleeve assembly (22).
Lbf•ft Torque The new components will stack up as shown below.
wrench
Torque both poppet seat and sleeve assemblies to
18 lbf•ft (25 N•m).
Return to step 27, page 39.
52
Valve Housing/Worm Screw Disassembly
Tools Required Materials Required
Hammer Lbf-in. Torque Small probe or
Lbf-ft Torque wrench pick
wrench J37464 Sockets
Punch, center J37070 12-point sockets
Punch, roll pin J37073
Screwdriver
Place valve 1. With worm vertical, place the valve housing, input
housing and valve shaft, valve/worm assembly in a vise.
assembly in vise
Unstake adjuster 2. Unstake the valve housing (5) where it was upset
locknut into the adjuster locknut (18) slot. Also unstake
adjuster nut from adjuster (17).
Roll pin punch
Hammer
Remove bearing 3. Turn bearing adjuster locknut (18) out of the valve
adjuster locknut housing.
J37464
Remove bearing 4. Turn bearing adjuster (17) out of the valve housing.
adjuster
J37070
53
Remove seal ring 5. Remove and discard seal ring (8) and o-ring (9) from
and o-ring bearing adjuster.
Small probe or
pick
Remove input shaft 6. Remove the input shaft, valve/worm assembly (13
or 13A) from the valve housing.
Remove thin 7. Remove thin thrust washer (16) and thrust bearing
washer and (15) from input shaft.
bearing
Remove thick 8. Remove thick thrust washer (12) and thrust bearing
washer and (15) from valve housing.
bearing
CAUTION Input shaft, valve worm assembly
must not be disassembled further.
The components were a select fit at assembly and are
available only as part of this subassembly. If disas-
sembled further, the subassembly must be replaced.
OR
Remove bearing 8A. For alternate construction TAS65 gears, remove
components spacer sleeve (14), thin washer (16), thrust bearing
(15) and thick washer (12).
WARNING If the TAS65 gear has a ball bearing
and ball race in the valve housing,
remove them and call TRW for disposition. Do not
rebuild the gear.
54
Remove seal rings 9. Remove and discard seal rings (10) and (8) and o-
and o-rings rings (11) and (9) from valve housing (5).
Small probe or
pick
Remove retaining 10. Turn over valve housing and remove retaining ring
ring (3).
Screwdriver
Remove seal 11.
CAUTION Exercise special care when
removing seal (4) to prevent
11/8" Socket damaging the valve housing seal bore.
Hammer
Tap input shaft seal (4) out of valve housing. Dis-
card seal.
NOTE The valve housing also utilizes a
ball plug for manufacturing
purposes that must not be removed.
Inspect input shaft, 12. Inspect the sealing areas of input shaft and valve (13
valve worm or 13A) for nicks and run your fingernail edge across
assembly sealing the sealing surfaces to detect step3. Inspect for
areas discoloration from excess heat. Inspect input shaft
ball-track grooves for brinelling or spalling. If any of
these conditions exist, you must replace the input
shaft, valve/worm assembly, valve housing and
balls. Also replace rack piston if brinelling or spalling
is found.
Inspect thrust 13. Inspect the thrust bearing (15) rollers for any deterio-
washers and ration. Inspect thrust washers (12 & 16) for
bearings brinelling, spalling, or cracks. Replace any part with
these conditions.
Alternate Construction TAS65: If spacer sleeve (14) is
damaged, replace the input shaft/valve/worm
subassembly and use thick washer and roller
bearing only during reassembly.
55
Place valve 14. Place valve housing (5) firmly in a vise so the input
housing in vise shaft, valve/worm assembly (13 or 13A) can be
assembled vertically with the worm end up.
CAUTION Do not clamp against threaded port
hole or relief valve hole sealing
faces when placing valve housing in vise.
Assemble o-ring 15. Oil and assemble a new o-ring (9) into its
counterbore in valve housing.
Assemble other o- 16. Lightly oil and assemble new o-ring (11) and new
ring and seal ring seal ring (10) into the large diameter seal ring groove
in valve housing, bending and working them in and
smoothing them out as necessary.
Install roller thrust 17. Install roller thrust bearing (15) and then the thick
bearing and washer (12) (square side out) onto input shaft end of
washer input shaft, valve, worm subassembly, seating them
against the input shaft thrust face.
OR
Install bearing 17A. Alternate construction TAS65: Assemble spacer
components sleeve (14) onto input shaft with radiused side
toward valve. Make sure sleeve is square. As-
semble thin washer (16), thrust bearing (15) and
thick washer (12) onto input shaft behind spacer
sleeve.
CAUTION If you are replacing the input shaft
valve/worm assembly, discard
spacer sleeve and thin washer.
56
Install seal ring 18. Lightly oil and assemble new seal ring (8) onto input
shaft and against the thick thrust washer (12) to hold
the bearing components in place.
Assemble input 19. Dip the input end of the input shaft, valve, worm
shaft, valve worm assembly (13 or 13A) into oil up to the worm lead.
& bearing assem- Assemble the input shaft end of the assembly into
bly the valve housing (5) until it is firmly seated.
Assemble bearing 20. Apply oil and assemble the other thrust bearing (15)
and thrust washer then the thin thrust washer (16) over the ball groove
end of worm, and seat them against the shoulder of
input shaft, valve, worm assembly
Assemble seals in 21. Lightly oil a new o-ring (9) and assemble into the
bearing adjuster seal groove in bearing adjuster (17). Oil and work a
new seal ring (8) into the same groove and smooth
it out.
NOTE Be sure the valve housing,
adjuster locknut and bearing
adjuster threads are clean and free of any staking
burrs that would impede the locknut from turning
freely on adjuster or the adjuster turning freely in
valve housing.
Assemble bearing 22. Lightly oil and assemble bearing adjuster (17) over
adjuster worm and into valve housing. Torque adjuster to 13
lbf•ft (18N•m) indicated torque using a torque
J37070 wrench inserted in adjuster tool #J37070. This will
Lbf•ft Torque seat the components. Back off adjuster 1/4 to 1/2 of a
wrench turn.
57
Assemble new 23. Lightly oil and assemble new locknut (18) onto
locknut bearing adjuster (17) with radius (slightly rounded)
side down. Tighten slightly to keep the bearing
J37464 adjuster in place.
Adjust to required 24. Reverse assembly in vise so the worm end is down.
input torque With an inch pound torque wrench on the input
shaft, note torque required to rotate the input shaft
3/ "or 11/16" 12- 360° in each direction. Tighten the bearing adjuster
4
point socket to increase the maximum torque at the input shaft
Lbf•in. Torque 5-10 lbf•in. (.5-1.0 N•m) over that which was previ-
wrench ously noted.
Torque locknut 25. Again reverse the assembly in vise. Torque locknut
while holding bearing adjuster in position estab-
J37070 lished in step 24 with appropriate adjuster tool.
J37464 When using a torque wrench in locknut tool J37464,
Lbf•ft Torque the torque wrench reading should be 112 lbf•ft (152
wrench N•m).
NOTE The bearing adjuster, locknut
and valve housing flange should
be flush. If not, the seal ring (8) or o-ring (9) may
the out of position; which will result in axial lash.
Check input shaft 26. Recheck input shaft torque. It should match torque
torque measured in step 24. Repeat steps 24 and 25 if
necessary.
Stake valve 27. Stake valve housing into the clockwise most corner
housing and of two opposing slots in locknut (18). Stake the
locknut locknut into the adjuster (17) in two places (180
apart) at threaded area. Choose areas that have not
Center punch been previously staked.
Hammer
13/ " Socket
16 After staking, torque required to rotate input shaft
Lbf•in. Torque must be between 5-10 lbf•in. (.5-1.0 N•m) greater
wrench than the torque noted in step 24. Torque value
must not exceed 22 lbf•in. (2.5 N•m). Unstake and
readjust if necessary.
58
Reposition 28. Reposition worm screw/valve housing subassembly
subassembly in in soft-jawed vise, clamping tightly against valve
vise housing, so the worm screw is pointing down.
Install input shaft 29. Apply clean grease (Exxon Unirex* RS460) to the
seal outside and inside diameters (fill cavity between the
lips) of the new input shaft seal (4) and assemble it,
J37073 garter spring side first over the input shaft. Align
Hammer seal in the valve housing seal bore.
Assemble seal installer tool #J37073, small diameter
end first, over the input shaft and against the seal.
Tap the seal installer tool until the tool shoulder is
squarely against the valve housing. This will cor-
rectly position the seal in the housing bore just
beyond the retaining ring groove.
Remove any seal material that may have sheared off
and is in seal bore and retaining ring groove.
CAUTION The input shaft seal must be square
in the seal bore and installed to the
correct depth.
Insert retaining 30. Insert new retaining ring (3) into its groove in valve
ring housing.
Install dirt & water 31. Pack the end of the valve housing bore around the
seal input shaft with clean, high temperature industrial
grease, Exxon Unirex* RS460. Apply more of the
Grease grease to the inside of a new dirt and water seal (2,
2B or 2C) and install it over the input shaft. Seat the
seal in the groove behind the serrations and against
the valve housing.
Return to step 28, page 40.
*Trademark of Exxon Oil Corp. 59
Roller Bearing or Ret. Ring Repl. - Standard
Tools Required Materials Required
Press Screwdriver
J37071 (TAS55, 65)
or
J37071-A (TAS55, 65)
J37705(TAS40)
J38779 (TAS85)
Remove roller 1. Standard Gears Only: If roller bearing (37) in housing
bearing if required needs to be replaced, place the bearing removal end
(long end) of the bearing and seal tool against the
J37705 side cover end of the bearing and press it out of
J37071 trunnion end of the bearing bore. Discard bearing.
or J37071-A
J38779
Press
Remove retaining 2. Standard Gears Only: If the retaining ring (36) that is
ring still in the housing bearing bore needs to be re-
placed, remove it through the trunnion end of the
Screwdriver bearing bore to protect the pressure seal bore area
from being damaged.
Install retaining 3. Standard Gears Only: Insert retaining ring (36), if it
ring was removed, into the housing bore from the
trunnion end (to protect sealing area). Make sure it
Grease is seated in the retaining ring groove closest to side
cover end of the bearing bore. Lubricate the bearing
bore.
Press in housing 4. Standard Gears Only: Press the roller bearing (37) into
roller bearing the housing from the trunnion end of bearing bore
until it is seated against the retaining ring. Don’t push
J37705 it farther. Be sure the housing is square with the
J37071 or press base and the bearing is not cocked.
J37071-A Use the bearing installation end of
J38779 CAUTION
the tool (short end). If the bearing
Press removal end of the bearing & seal tool is used to press
in bearing, the cage on the new bearing may be
damaged.
Return to step 32, page 40.
60
Roller Bearing Replacement - Step Bore
Tools Required Materials Required
Press
J37071-A (TAS65 Step Bore gear)
Remove roller 1. If roller bearing (37) in housing needs to be replaced,
bearing if required place the bearing removal end (long end) of the
bearing and seal tool against the trunnion end of the
bearing and press it out of the side cover end of the
J37071 -A bearing bore. Discard bearing.
Press
Press in housing 2. Press the roller bearing (37) into the housing from
roller bearing the side cover end of the bearing bore until it is
seated against the step bore. Be sure the housing
is square with the press base and the bearing is not
J37071-A cocked.
Press
CAUTION Use the bearing installation end of
the tool (short end). If the bearing
removal end of the bearing & seal tool is used to press
in bearing, the cage on the new bearing may be
damaged.
NOTE If the unmachined trunnion face
is not square, use shims to
square it before pressing in the bearing.
Return to step 32, page 40.
61
Replace Housing Ports, Plugs, Screws, Fittings
Tools Required Materials Required
Allen wrench
Torx sockets
Sockets
Lbf•in. Torque wrench
Lbf•ft Torque wrench
Replace poppet If damaged, remove and replace the poppet fixed
fixed stop screw stop screw (52 or 52A) and washer (53) if equipped.
Replace with poppet fixed stop screw (52A), discard
5/8" Socket or the washer. Torque to 48 lbf•ft (65 N•m).
E-14 Torx socket
lbf•ft Torque
wrench
Replace poppet If damaged, remove poppet adjusting screw (59)
adjusting screw and sealing nut (60) without allowing the nut to
change its position on the screw.
7/ " Allen wrench
32
3/ " or 5/8"
Assemble the new nut onto the new adjusting
4 screw, matching its position to the nut and screw
closed-end removed. Torque sealing nut to 35 lbf•ft (47 N•m).
wrench
Lbf•ft Torque
wrench
Replace automatic If damaged, remove and replace automatic bleed
bleed screw, and plug (51). Torque to 48 lbf•ft (65 N•m).
aux. port plugs
If damaged, remove and replace permanent auxiliary
port plugs (54) and o-rings (55). Assemble new o-
E-14 Torx socket
rings (55) on port plugs and torque to their respec-
Lbf•ft Torque
tive ports in the housing or valve housing to 30
wrench
lbf•ft (41 N•m).
Replace manual If damaged, remove and replace manual bleed
bleed screw screw (50). Torque to 45 lbf•in. (3.4 N•m).
5/ " Hex socket
16
Lbf•in. Torque
wrench
Return to inspection section, page 41.
62
Final Adjustments
Tools Required Materials Required
Box-end Screwdriver
wrench Sockets
Lbf•ft Torque
wrench
Lbf•in. Torque
wrench
Center steering 1. To center the steering gear, rotate input shaft, valve
gear worm assembly (13 or 13A) until the timing mark on
the end of the sector shaft (42) is in line with the
3/4" timing mark on the end of housing trunnion.
and 11/16"
Socket or box
end wrench CAUTION Do not rotate the input shaft more
than 1.5 revolutions from center
position until the steering gear is installed, during
poppet setting procedure. Doing so could make the
automatic poppets inoperative, which would require
disassembly of steering gear to reposition poppet seat
and sleeve assemblies.
NOTE Initial poppet contact will occur
at less than one input shaft
rotation in one direction from steering gear center
position, if new or reset poppet adjuster seat and
sleeve assemblies are assembled in the unit.
NOTE Worm preload adjustment was
set when input shaft, valve and
worm were assembled into valve housing.
Tighten adjusting 2. With adjusting screw jam nut (47) loose, turn sector
screw shaft adjusting screw (43) clockwise to provide 45-
50 lbf•in. (5-5.5 N•m) of torque required to rotate the
input shaft, valve/worm assembly (13 or 13A)
Lbf•in. Torque
through one half turn (1800) each side of center.
wrench
Screwdriver
11/ “ or 3/4” NOTE This procedure will properly
16
mesh and seat the rack piston
Socket
and sector shaft teeth for final adjustments.
Loosen adjusting 3. Turn sector shaft adjusting screw (43) counterclock-
screw and note wise one half turn and note maximum torque required
torque to rotate the input shaft, valve/worm assembly
through one half turn (180°) each side of center.
Lbf•in. Torque
wrench
Screwdriver
11/ " Socket
16
63
Adjusting 4. Adjust sector shaft adjusting screw (43) clockwise
screw to increase maximum torque noted in step 3 by
7 lbf•in (.8 N•m). Tighten jam nut (47) firmly
against side cover while holding the adjusting screw
3/
4" Socket in position. Final torque jam nut to 43 lbf•ft (58
11/ " Socket
16 N•m) and check input shaft, valve/worm assembly
Lbf•ft Torque torque again. Readjust if input shaft torque exceeds
wrench 40 lbf•in. (4.5 N•m).
Lbf•in. Torque
wrench
64
Reinstallation
l Verify that axle stops are set to manufacturer’s wheelcut or clearance
specifications.
l Bolt gear to frame, torque to vehicle manufacturer’s recommendation.
l Connect return line to reservoir in TAS return port.
l Connect hydraulic line from pump to pressure port in TAS unit.
l Connect steering column to input shaft, torque pinch bolt to vehicle
manufacturer’s recommendation.
l Install pitman arm on output shaft, with timing marks aligned. Torque bolt to
vehicle manufacturer’s recommendation.
l Connect drag link to pitman arm.
Poppet Resetting
IF Poppets remain unchanged from when gear was After installation, check to make sure poppets relieve in
both turns just before axle stop contact is made. If not,
removed from vehicle, and gear is being installed on the
use resetting procedure beginning on page 24.
same vehicle with no change in axle stops or linkage.
IF Poppets were replaced with new components or Use poppet setting procedure on page 15.
reset during gear disassembly, and are ready for auto-
matic positioning.
IF Poppets may have been moved during disassembly Use poppet resetting procedure beginning on page 24.
or reassembly procedures, or gear is being installed on a
different vehicle.
65
Maintenance Tips
Never high-pressure wash or steam clean a power steering Do not attempt to weld any broken steering component.
gear while on or off the vehicle. Doing so could force contami- Replace the component with original equipment only.
nants inside the gear and cause it to malfunction.
Do not cold straighten, hot straighten, or bend any steering
Make sure vehicle wheel cut or clearances meet system component.
manufacturer’s specifications, and make sure pitman arm
timing marks are aligned properly to prevent internal
bottoming of the steering gear.
Always clean off around the reservoir filler cap before you
remove it. Prevent dirt or other foreign matter from
entering the hydraulic system.
Regularly check the fluid and the fluid level in the power
steering reservoir.
Investigate and correct any external leaks, no matter how
minor.
Keep tires inflated to correct pressure.
Replace reservoir filters according to requirements.
Never use a torch to remove pitman arm.
If you feel the vehicle is developing excessively high
Investigate and immediately correct the cause of any play, hydraulic fluid temperatures, consult with your vehicle
rattle, or shimmy in any part of the steering system. manufacturer for recommendations.
Make sure the steering column is aligned properly. Maintain grease pack behind the output shaft dirt and
water seal as a general maintenance procedure at least
twice a year, in the Spring and Fall. Grease fitting is
provided in housing trunnion. Use only NLGI grade 2
Encourage drivers to report any malfunctions or accidents that multipurpose chassis lube, and use only a hand operated
could have damaged steering components. grease gun on fitting. Add grease until it begins to
extrude past the sector shaft dirt and water seal.
Step Bore Gear Corrosion Inhibiting Standard Gear
Corrosion Inhibiting
Grease Barrier
Grease Barrier
Dirt and Bearing Dirt and
Water Seal High-Pressure Water Seals Bearing High-Pressure
Output Seal Output Seal
66
Glossary
Aerated Fluid Integral Power Relief Valve
Fluid with air bubbles
Steering Limits maximum supply pressure
Steering gear has manual steering
mechanism, hydraulic control valve,
Automatic Bleed Return Line
and hydraulic power cylinder all
within gear housing.
Systems Line that connects steering gear to
reservoir to recirculate hydraulic fluid
Gears are mounted in such a way
that trapped air can be forced out of
the system “automatically” without Impact
Rotary Control Valve
loosening bleed screw. Follow The application of torques and forces
procedure on page 13. to steering gear components during
accidents or other similar events Controls flow in internal cavities
which exceed the hydraulic capacity
of the steering gear
Axial
In-out movement along an axis Scoring
(imaginary straight line on which an
object moves) Internal Leakage Scratch
Fluid leaking inside the gear
Shock Load
Brinelling Shake or jar
Dents Lash
Free play
Spalling
Date Code
Date the steering gear was built Manual Bleed Systems Flaking or chipping
(Julian date) Gears are mounted in such a way
that an air pocket could form in one
end of the steering gear. The bleed
screw is positioned so trapped air can Subassembly
Discoloration be forced out when loosened.
Follow procedure on page 13.
An assembled unit that fits into a
larger unit
Change in color
OSHA Supply Line
External Leakage Occupational Safety and Health Line that connects pump to steering
Fluid Leaking out of the system or Administration gear
steering gear
Poppets Twisted Serrations
FuII Turn Unloading valves, reduce pressure in Output shaft serrations damaged by
Hub contacts axle stop full turns. impact overload. Serrations can be
twisted at the area between the large
diameter of the shaft and the end of
the serrations.
TAS Steering Gear Services Manual
TRW
WRITE OF CALL FOR INFORMATION AND ADDED DETAILS
CONCERNING YOUR INSTALLATION AND APPLICATIONS.
PHONE: 765.423.5377
FAX: 765.429.1868
WRITE: TRW Commercial Steering Division
P.O. Box 60
800 Health Street
Lafayette, IN 47902
Price: $4.50
WA-TRW1108 REV.7/98
HS_Covers_OM5824EN.eps 1/12/2010 12:45:08 PM
Ask for the Allison
3000/4000
C Ask your truck dealer for a complete listing of vehicle models featuring
Allison Highway Series transmissions, OPERATOR’S
MANUAL
M or contact your Authorized Allison Distributor.
For the representative close to you,
Y visit www.allisontransmission.com.
CM
MY
CY
CMY
Information highway.
Visit www.allisontransmission.com for a
comprehensive library of informational
brochures, including Mechanic’s Tips, Parts
Catalogs, Troubleshooting Manuals
and Service Manuals.
J A N U A R Y 2 0 10
OM5824EN 201001 Printed in USA
Operator’s 2010 JANUARY
Manual OM5824EN
Allison Transmission
VOCATIONAL MODELS
Highway Series (HS)
3000 and 4000 Product Families
4th Generation Controls with Prognostics
3000 HS 4000 HS 4500 HS
Printed in USA Copyright © 2010 Allison Transmission, Inc.
NOTES
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TRADEMARK USAGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1.0 SCOPE OF MANUAL
1.1 SCOPE OF MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.0 INTRODUCTION
2.1 KEEPING THAT ALLISON ADVANTAGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.0 DRIVING TIPS
3.1 THE AUTOMATIC EXPERIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 STARTING THE ENGINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3 COLD WEATHER STARTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.3.1 PREHEATING REQUIREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.4 HIGH FLUID TEMPERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.5 TURNING OFF THE VEHICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.6 PARKING BRAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.7 DRIVING ON SNOW OR ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.8 ROCKING OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.9 TOWING OR PUSHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.0 SELECTING RANGE AND SHIFT SCHEDULES
4.1 SELECTING RANGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.1.1 USING KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR TO SELECT
RANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.1.2 USING LEVER SHIFT SELECTOR TO SELECT RANGE. . . . . . . . . 26
4.1.3 SELECTOR DISPLAY FLASHING (INHIBITS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.2 SHIFT SCHEDULES AND AUTOMATIC RANGE SHIFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.2.1 UPSHIFTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.2.1.1 HOLD SCHEDULE FOR UPSHIFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.2.2 DOWNSHIFTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2.2.1 PRESELECT SCHEDULE FOR DOWNSHIFTS . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2.2.2 NONENGINE BRAKE OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2.2.3 ENGINE BRAKE OR EXHAUST BRAKE OPERATION . . . . . 34
4.2.2.4 RETARDER MODE SHIFT SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.2.3 ACCELERATOR CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.2.3.1 KICKDOWN SHIFT SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.2.4 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SHIFT SCHEDULES . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.2.5 PERFORMANCE/ECONOMY SHIFT SCHEDULES . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.2.6 LOADBASED SHIFT SCHEDULING (LBSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.2.7 OVERTEMPERATURE SHIFT SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.2.8 CRUISE MODE SHIFT SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.3 USING THE HYDRAULIC RETARDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3
4.3.1 RETARDER CAPACITY REDUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3.1.1 BASED ON RETARDER TEMPERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3.1.2 BASED ON TRANSMISSION SUMP TEMPERATURE . . . . . 43
4.3.1.3 BASED ON ENGINE WATER TEMPERATURE . . . . . . . . . 43
4.3.2 RETARDER/CRUISE CONTROL INTERACTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.0 CARE AND MAINTENANCE
5.1 PERIODIC INSPECTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.2 PREVENT MAJOR PROBLEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.3 IMPORTANCE OF TRANSMISSION FLUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.4 RECOMMENDED AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION FLUIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.5 KEEPING FLUID CLEAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.6 FLUID ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.7 TRANSMISSION FLUID REFILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.8 PERIODIC FLUID LEVEL CHECKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.8.1 FLUID CHECK USING DIPSTICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.8.1.1 COLD CHECK PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.8.1.2 HOT CHECK PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.8.1.3 TRANSMISSION DIPSTICK MARKINGS ILLUSTRATION . . . 58
5.8.2 FLUID LEVEL CHECKS USING ALLISON 4TH GENERATION
SHIFT SELECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.8.2.1 ELECTRONIC FLUID LEVEL CHECK PREREQUISITES . . . . 58
5.8.2.2 ELECTRONIC FLUID LEVEL CHECK PROCEDURE . . . . . . 58
5.8.2.3 FLUID RANGE DETECTED FOR OIL LEVEL SENSOR
(OLS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.8.2.4 DISPLAY OF FLUID LEVEL AND FLUID LEVEL CODES . . . . 61
5.9 PROGNOSTICS FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.9.1 PROGNOSTICS PREREQUISITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.9.2 PROGNOSTICS FEATURES AVAILABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.9.3 PROCEDURE TO TURN PROGNOSTICS ON AND OFF. . . . . . . . . 67
5.9.4 NORMAL PROGNOSTICS INDICATION AT ENGINE START . . . . . . 68
5.9.5 SETTING FLUID TYPE FOR PROGNOSTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.9.6 OIL LIFE MONITOR (OM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.9.6.1 FLUID CHANGE NOTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.9.6.2 READ AND RESET OIL LIFE MONITOR (OM) FROM
SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.9.7 FILTER LIFE MONITOR (FM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
5.9.7.1 FILTER CHANGE NOTIFICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.9.7.2 READ AND RESET FILTER LIFE MONITOR (FM ) FROM
SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.9.8 TRANSMISSION HEALTH MONITOR (TM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.9.8.1 CLUTCH MAINTENANCE NOTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.9.8.2 READ AND RESET TM FROM SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.9.9 FLUID AND FILTER CHANGE INTERVAL RECOMMENDATIONS . . . 74
4
5.9.9.1 FLUID AND FILTER CHANGE INTERVAL SCHEDULES
WITH PROGNOSTICS TURNED ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.9.9.2 FLUID AND FILTER CHANGE INTERVAL SCHEDULES
WITH PROGNOSTICS DISABLED OR TURNED OFF . . . . . 77
5.9.9.3 FLUID AND FILTER CHANGE PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.9.9.4 REFILL TRANSMISSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.0 DIAGNOSTICS
6.1 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.2 DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE RESPONSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.2.1 CHECK TRANS LIGHT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.3 USING SHIFT SELECTOR FOR ACCESSING DIAGNOSTICS
INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.3.1 INTERPRETING DTC MESSAGE SEQUENCE ACROSS
SELECTOR DISPLAYS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.3.2 MEANING OF MODE INDICATOR IN DIAGNOSTIC MODE . . . . . . . 86
6.3.3 READ/CLEAR DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) USING
LEVER SHIFT SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.3.3.1 READING DTCs WITH PROGNOSTICS ON USING LEVER
SHIFT SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.3.3.2 READING DTCs WITH PROGNOSTICS OFF USING
LEVER SHIFT SELECTOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.3.3.3 CLEARING DTCs USING LEVER SHIFT SELECTOR. . . . . . 86
6.3.3.4
EXITING DIAGNOSTIC MODE USING LEVER SHIFT
SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.3.4 READ/CLEAR DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) USING
KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.3.4.1 READING DTCs WITH PROGNOSTICS ON USING
KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR. . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.3.4.2 READING DTCs WITH PROGNOSTICS OFF USING
KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR. . . . . . . . . . . 88
6.3.4.3 CLEARING DTCs USING KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON SHIFT
SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
6.3.4.4 EXITING DIAGNOSTIC MODE USING KEYPAD
PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6.3.4.5 DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE (DTC) LIST AND
DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
7.0 PROGNOSTICS SHIFT SELECTORS COMPONENTS AND
FUNCTIONS
7.1 SELECT/MONITOR DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
7.2 BACKLIGHTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
7.3 MODE BUTTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7.4 MODE INDICATOR (LED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7.5 TRANS SERVICE INDICATOR (WRENCH ICON). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7.6 SELECTOR DISPLAY DESCRIPTIONS FOR ACTIVE DTCs AND INHIBITS . . 102
7.7 SELECTOR DISPLAY IS INOPERATIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5
7.8 LEVER SHIFT SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
7.9 KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
8.0 CUSTOMIZING CONTROLS AND TCM PROGRAMMING
8.1 VEHICLE AND TRANSMISSION SIGNAL INTERFACE OVERVIEW . . . . . . 106
8.2 INPUT AND OUTPUT FUNCTIONS OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
8.3 CONTROLS SYSTEM OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
8.4 TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE (TCM) HARDWARE DESCRIPTION . . 110
8.5 TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE (TCM) PROGRAM AND
CALIBRATION OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
8.6 TRANSMISSION IDENTIFICATION (TID) WIRE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
8.7 AUTODETECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
8.8 ADAPTIVE SHIFTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
8.9 COMMUNICATION THROUGH VEHICLE DATALINKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
8.10 INFORMATION DISPLAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
8.11 SHIFT INHIBITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
9.0 EXTERNAL WIRE HARNESSES, VEHICLE INTERFACE
MODULE, AND RETARDER CONTROLS
9.1 WIRE HARNESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
9.2 VEHICLE INTERFACE MODULE (VIM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
9.3 RETARDER CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
10.0 TRANSMISSION COMPONENTS
10.1 TORQUE CONVERTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
10.2 PLANETARY GEARS AND CLUTCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
10.3 COOLER CIRCUIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
10.4 RETARDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
10.5 CONTROL VALVE MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
10.6 TRANSMISSION SPEED SENSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
11.0 GENERAL GUIDELINES
11.1 WELDING ON VEHICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
11.2 PAINTING ON VEHICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
11.2.1 ELECTROSTATIC PAINTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
11.2.2 PAINTING OF TRANSMISSION CONTROL COMPONENTS . . . . . 121
11.3 ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
11.4 COMPONENT ACCESS REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
12.0 CUSTOMER SERVICE
12.1 ORDERING PARTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
12.1.1 TRANSMISSION NAMEPLATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
12.1.2 GENUINE PARTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
12.2 OWNER ASSISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
6
12.3 SERVICE LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
12.4 ALLISON TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
7
TRADEMARK USAGE
The following trademarks are the property of the companies indicated:
• Allison DOC® is a Registered Trademark of Allison Transmission, Inc.
8
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY to be completely familiar with the warnings
and cautions in this manual. These warnings and cautions advise of specific
methods or actions that can result in personal injury, equipment damage, or
cause the equipment to become unsafe. These warnings and cautions are not
exhaustive. Allison Transmission could not possibly know, evaluate, or advise the
service trade of all conceivable procedures by which service might be performed
or of the possible hazardous consequences of each procedure. Accordingly,
ANYONE WHO USES A SERVICE PROCEDURE OR TOOL WHICH IS NOT
RECOMMENDED BY ALLISON TRANSMISSION MUST first be thoroughly
satisfied that neither personal safety nor equipment safety will be jeopardized
by the service methods used.
Vehicle manufacturers integrate Allison transmissions into vehicles used for a
variety of vocations and services. The vehicle manufacturer is responsible for
identifying the specific operating conditions to which the vehicle will be subjected
and to communicate the appropriate means for preventing unintended vehicle
movement within those conditions, in order to ensure vehicle and operator safety.
The vehicle owner and operator should be aware of and follow the vehicle
manufacturer’s operating instructions and warnings related to parking and
preventing unintended vehicle movement.
Proper service and repair is important to the safe and reliable operation of the
equipment. The service procedures recommended by Allison Transmission (or
the vehicle manufacturer) and described in this manual are effective methods for
performing service and diagnostic operations. Some procedures require using
specially designed tools. Use special tools when and in the manner recommended.
The WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, and NOTES in this manual apply only to the
Allison transmission and not to other vehicle systems which may interact with the
transmission. Be sure to review and observe any vehicle system information
provided by the vehicle manufacturer and/or body builder at all times the Allison
transmission is being serviced.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, NOTES
Three types of headings are used in this manual to attract your attention:
WARNING: A warning is used when an operating procedure, practice,
etc., which, if not correctly followed, could result in personal injury or
loss of life.
CAUTION: A caution is used when an operating procedure, practice,
etc., which, if not strictly observed, could result in damage to or
destruction of equipment.
NOTE: A note is used when an operating procedure, practice, etc., is
essential to highlight.
9
1.0 SCOPE OF MANUAL
1.1 SCOPE OF MANUAL
This Operator’s Manual contains a variety of information about the Allison
3000 and 4000 Product Families Transmission, and its Allison 4th Generation
Controls with Prognostics features. Refer to the Table of Contents to locate
information by subject in this publication.
Additional information about your transmission is available at
www.allisontransmission.com using the publications links shown on the home
page. Refer to the Sales and Service Locator at www.allisontransmission.com
to find contact and location information for Allison Transmission distributors
and dealers.
If you need to contact an Allison Transmission representative, refer to the
Customer Service section at the end of this publication for contact information.
10
2.0 INTRODUCTION
2.1 KEEPING THAT ALLISON ADVANTAGE
Highway Series (HS) transmissions are designed to meet all of the
horsepower needs of strictly onhighway vehicles that do not require Power
11
Takeoff (PTO) operation (refer to Figure 2–1 and Figure 2–2). All HS
transmissions are available with optional retarders.
Abbreviations
ABS Antilock Brake System
CMC Customer Modifiable Constant
DMD Display Mode/Diagnostic button
DOCTM Diagnostic Optimized ConnectionTM
DTC Diagnostic Trouble Code
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FM Filter Life Monitor
HS Highway Series
I/O Input/Output
KOH Potassium Hydroxide
LTL Lighter Than Load
MIL Malfunction Indicator Light—(OBD II).
MY Model Year
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OLS Oil Level Sensor
PTO Power Takeoff
PWM PulseWidth Modulated
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
RMR Retarder Module Request
TAN Total Acid Number
TCM Transmission Control Module
TM Transmission Health Monitor
TID Transmission Identification Number
TPS Throttle Position Sensor
VIM Vehicle Interface Module
12
Figure 2–1. 3000 HS
13
Figure 2–2. 4000/4500 HS
14
Typical truck vocations for this model include:
• Armored car
• Automobile transporter
• Beverage delivery
• Equipment hauler (no permit/escort)
• Flatbed
• Food distribution (dry/bulk)
• General freight
• General trucking
• Leasing
• Line haul
• Livestock hauler
• Manufacturing food distribution
• Manufacturing
• Moving/storage
• Oneway rental truck
• Pickup and delivery
• Recycling
• Shorthaul/Lighter Than Load (LTL)
• Stake truck
• Van
• Walkin van
15
3.0 DRIVING TIPS
3.1 THE AUTOMATIC EXPERIENCE
Smooth automatic upshifts and downshifts, without interruption of power to
the wheels, occur in your Allison automatic transmission based on engine
rpm, throttle position, vehicle load, road speed, and driver or feature request,
such as manually preselecting ranges.
Allison automatic transmissions, along with a vehicle specification appropriate
for the particular duty cycle, can provide superior fuel efficiency and optimum
fuel economy. On trucks with a manual or automated manual transmission,
the power interrupts that occur during shifts reduce the engine’s inertia
energy, resulting in lower average wheel horsepower. Because the engine
is not working efficiently, it cannot run at full load. With an Allison automatic
transmission, there is no power interrupt during shift changes. The inertia
energy built up by the engine is maintained, equating to higher wheel
horsepower. As a result, not as much engine horsepower is needed to get the
job done. Allison automatic transmissions provide smooth, seamless shifts
at all points of the power curve; there is no jarring power interrupts to jostle
the truck, driver or damage valuable cargo. Allison automatic transmission
equipped trucks are more nimble in traffic and easier to maneuver in
congested loading zones, narrow alleys and around tight corners. You will
have fewer freight claims and reduced cycle times, no matter how difficult
the route.
As conditions permit, the Allison automatic transmission automatically upshifts
until the highest range selected on the shift selector is attained. Your Allison
automatic transmission model is programmed to have five or six forward
gears. The 5th and 6th gear ratios are both overdrive ratios. If D (Drive) was
selected then the transmission can upshift up to 5th range for a 5speed or
6th range in the case of the 6speed model. There is also a lockup clutch
inside the torque converter that is applied during normal operation while in
2nd range or higher. Range upshifts and downshifts are accomplished without
disengaging the lockup clutch.
16
NOTE: The number of forward ranges available is determined at
the vehicle Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) based on a
number of vehicle attributes, such as driveline design and governed
engine speed. For example, if governed engine speed can exceed
2200 rpm in your vehicle, it is recommended the OEM program the
Transmission Control Module (TCM) with 5 forward ranges instead
of 6.
3.2 STARTING THE ENGINE
WARNING: When starting the engine, make sure the service brakes
are applied. Failure to apply service brakes may result in unexpected
vehicle movement.
No special procedure is required. Verify the brakes are applied and N (Neutral)
has been selected. If the vehicle is equipped with a lever style selector, the
neutral start circuit will not allow the engine to start if the lever is not
in the N (Neutral) position.
The keypad pushbutton shifter automatically initializes in Neutral. When this
condition is present and the ignition is turned on, the digital display indicates
"N" for Neutral in both the SELECT and MONITOR display windows. This
indicates N (Neutral) has been both selected and attained and the engine may
now be started. Refer to Figure 4–1 and Table 4–1 for additional information.
17
Figure 3–1. Typical Allison 4th Generation Prognostics Shift Selectors
18
3.3 COLD WEATHER STARTS
If the Transmission Fluid Temperature (TFT) sensor detects the transmission
fluid is below 7°C (20°F), the transmission is programmed to start in 2nd gear.
If the transmission fluid temperature is below 10°C (50°F) follow these
procedures when making directional shift changes:
• To shift from forward to reverse, select N (Neutral) and then R (Reverse).
• To shift from reverse to forward, select N (Neutral) and then D (Drive)
or another forward range.
NOTE: During cold fluid conditions, always place the transmission in
N (Neutral) prior to any direction changes.
NOTE: Failure to follow these procedures during cold fluid
conditions, may cause the CHECK TRANS light to illuminate and the
transmission to be restricted to N (Neutral).
Transmission operation at extremely cold ambient temperatures may
require preheating or the use of a TES 295 transmission fluid. Refer to
3.3.1 PREHEATING REQUIREMENT.
3.3.1 PREHEATING REQUIREMENT. If ambient temperatures drop below
the specified minimum levels for the fluid type, preheat the transmission fluid
before beginning transmission operation. The minimum fluid temperatures
at which the transmission may be safely operated without preheating are
shown in Table 3–1.
Table 3–1. Fluid Type Specifications for Minimum Temperature
Minimum Temperature
Fluid Type
Celsius Fahrenheit
TES 295 –35 –31
TES 389 –25 –13
Preheat the transmission fluid using one of the following methods:
• Use an auxiliary heat source such as a sump heater
• Operate the transmission in N (Neutral) with the engine running at idle
for a minimum of 20 minutes before attempting range operation.
19
CAUTION: Transmission malfunction or damage may occur if
you operate the transmission with the fluid temperature below the
minimum fluid temperature specification limit.
3.4 HIGH FLUID TEMPERATURE
The transmission is considered to be overheated when any of the following
temperatures are exceeded:
Sump fluid 121°C (250°F)
Fluid to cooler 149°C (300°F)
Retarder out fluid 165°C (330°F)
Typical continuous sump temperature is 93°C (200°F).
If the transmission overheats during normal operation, make sure the
transmission fluid level is correct. Refer to 5.8 PERIODIC FLUID LEVEL
CHECKS.
CAUTION: The engine should never be operated for more than 10
seconds at full throttle with the transmission in range and the output
stalled. Prolonged operation of this type will cause the transmission
fluid temperature to become excessively high and will cause severe
overheat damage to the transmission.
If the engine temperature gauge indicates a high temperature, the
transmission is probably overheated. Stop the vehicle and check the cooling
system. If it appears to be functioning properly, run the engine at 1200–1500
rpm with the transmission in N (Neutral). This should reduce the transmission
and engine temperatures to normal operating levels in 2 or 3 minutes.
If the transmission and engine temperatures do not decrease, reduce the
engine rpm. If the engine temperature indicates a high temperature, an engine
or radiator problem is indicated. If high temperature in either the engine or
transmission persists, stop the engine and have the overheating condition
investigated by maintenance personnel.
NOTE: Some shift schedules may be inhibited as a result of operating
conditions, such as engine or transmission fluid temperature.
20
3.5 TURNING OFF THE VEHICLE
Always select N (Neutral) before turning the vehicle off.
3.6 PARKING BRAKE
WARNING: If you leave the vehicle and the engine is running, the
vehicle can move unexpectedly and you or others could be injured. If
you must leave the engine running, DO NOT LEAVE the vehicle until
you have completed all of the following procedures:
• Put the transmission in N (Neutral).
• Be sure the engine is at low idle (500–800 rpm).
• Apply the parking and emergency brakes and make sure they
are properly engaged.
• Chock the wheels and take other steps necessary to keep the
vehicle from moving.
The parking brake is only intended to secure an unattended vehicle with the
ignition off. Always maintain the vehicle parking brake system according to
the manufacturer’s specifications. The parking brake may not have sufficient
capacity to restrain a vehicle with the engine running and the transmission in
a forward or reverse range. When the vehicle is unattended and the engine
is running, the transmission must be in N (Neutral) with the brakes fully
applied and the wheels chocked.
WARNING: The vehicle service brakes, parking brake, or emergency
brake must be applied whenever N (Neutral) is selected to prevent
unexpected vehicle movement. Selecting N (Neutral) does not apply
the vehicle brakes unless an auxiliary system to apply the parking
brake is installed by the OEM.
3.7 DRIVING ON SNOW OR ICE
WARNING: Using the retarder on wet or slippery roads may cause
loss of traction on the drive wheels—your vehicle may slide out of
control. To help avoid injury or property damage, turn the retarder
enable to OFF when driving on wet or slippery roads.
21
NOTE: The retarder is disabled automatically whenever the vehicle
ABS is active. However, in the event the ABS malfunctions, it is
recommended that the retarder enable switch, if equipped, be
disabled.
If possible, reduce vehicle speed and select a lower range before losing
traction. Select the range that will not exceed the speed expected to be
maintained.
Accelerate or decelerate very gradually to prevent the loss of traction. It is
very important to decelerate gradually when a lower range is selected. It
is important that you reach the selected lower range before attempting to
accelerate. This avoids an unexpected downshift during acceleration.
3.8 ROCKING OUT
WARNING: To help avoid injury or property damage caused by
sudden movement of the vehicle, do not make shifts from N
(Neutral) to D (Drive) or R (Reverse) when the throttle is open. The
vehicle may lurch forward or rearward and the transmission can be
damaged. Avoid this condition by making shifts from N (Neutral) to a
forward range or R (Reverse) only when the throttle is closed and
the service brakes are applied.
CAUTION: DO NOT make N (Neutral) to D (Drive) or directional
shift changes when the engine rpm is above idle. Also, if the wheels
are stuck and not turning, do not apply full power for more than 10
seconds in either D (Drive) or R (Reverse). Full power for more
than 10 seconds under these conditions causes the transmission
to overheat. If the transmission overheats, shift to N (Neutral) and
operate the engine at 1200–1500 rpm until it cools (2–3 minutes).
If the vehicle is stuck in deep sand, snow, or mud, it may be possible to rock
it out using the following procedure:
1. Shift to D (Drive) and apply a steady, light throttle (never full throttle).
Refer to Figure 4–1 and Table 4–1 for additional information.
2. When the vehicle has rocked forward as far as it will go, apply and
hold the vehicle service brakes.
3. When engine has returned to idle, select R (Reverse).
22
4. Release the vehicle service brakes and apply a steady, light throttle
(never full throttle) allowing the vehicle to rock in R (Reverse) as far
as it will go.
5. Apply and hold the vehicle service brakes and allow the engine to
return to idle.
This procedure may be repeated in D (Drive) and R (Reverse) if each
directional shift continues to move the vehicle a greater distance.
3.9 TOWING OR PUSHING
CAUTION: Failure to lift the drive wheels off the road, disconnect the
driveline, or remove the axle shafts before pushing or towing can
cause serious transmission damage.
When the engine cannot be started, it may become necessary to push or tow
the vehicle. Before pushing or towing a vehicle do one of the following:
• Lift the drive wheels off the road
• Disconnect the driveline
• Remove the axle shafts
NOTE: When the axle shafts are removed, make sure the wheel
openings are covered to prevent loss of lubricant and entry of dust
and dirt.
An auxiliary air supply is usually required to actuate the vehicle brake system.
23
4.0 SELECTING RANGE AND
SHIFT SCHEDULES
4.1 SELECTING RANGE
If your vehicle is equipped with an Allison Transmission 4th Generation
Controls with Prognostics shift selector, a keypad pushbutton shift selector or
a lever shift selector will be used. Examples of these shift selectors are shown
in Figure 4–1. Some vehicle Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) may
choose to use their own shift selector. See the vehicle OEM for information
about their selectors as needed. This Operator’s Manual only provides
information about Allison shift selectors.
NOTE: The transmission starts in 2nd gear if the Transmission Fluid
Temperature (TFT) sensor detects the transmission fluid is below
7°C (20°F).
When a forward range, such as D (Drive), has been selected, the transmission
starts in the lowest forward gear programmed in the Transmission Control
Module (TCM) calibration. Usually that would be 1st range but some vehicles
may be programmed for 2nd gear start instead. Refer to Table 4–1 for more
information and driving tips for each range.
NOTE: Check the digital display window in the shift selector to verify
the selected range whenever a button is pushed or the lever is
moved to be sure the range selected is shown. A flashing or blank
SELECT display indicates the range selected was not obtained due
to an active inhibit or active DTC.
NOTE: If equipped with a HIGH IDLE switch, turn the HIGH IDLE off
before shifting from N (Neutral) to D (Drive) or R (Reverse). The
shift from N (Neutral) to D (Drive) or R (Reverse) is inhibited when
engine speed is above idle.
24
WARNING: To help avoid unexpected vehicle movement that might
cause death, serious injury, or property damage, always have your
foot on the brake, the throttle released, and the engine at idle before
making a N (Neutral) to D (Drive); N (Neutral) to R (Reverse); D
(Drive) to R (Reverse); or R (Reverse) to D (Drive) selection.
NOTE: Before making any direction changes or shifting from N
(Neutral) to any range, make sure the vehicle has come to a complete
stop and the engine has returned to idle. Refer to 3.8 ROCKING
OUT if the vehicle is stuck.
NOTE: Conditions responsible for illuminating the CHECK TRANS
light will not allow any shift selector changes until the DTC related
to the condition goes inactive. The MONITOR display shows the
range the transmission has locked in because of an active DTC. The
SELECT display goes blank when the CHECK TRANS light is on.
Move the vehicle to a safe location before turning off the vehicle and
seek qualified assistance if needed. Even if the transmission is not
in Neutral, the operator is still able to view DTCs by simultaneously
pressing the ↑ (Upshift) and ↓ (Downshift) arrows, if equipped with
the keypad pushbutton shift selector, or by pressing the DISPLAY
MODE/DIAGNOSTIC (DMD) button, if equipped with the lever shift
selector.
Refer to 5.0 CARE AND MAINTENANCE, 6.0 DIAGNOSTICS, and
7.0 PROGNOSTICS SHIFT SELECTORS COMPONENTS AND
FUNCTIONS for additional information about using the shift selectors to
access, read, or clear transmission prognostic information and DTCs.
4.1.1 USING KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR TO SELECT
RANGE. If your vehicle is equipped with the keypad pushbutton shift selector,
ranges are selected by pressing and releasing the button for the desired
range. For example, press and release the N button to select N (Neutral), the
D button to select D (Drive) and the R button to select R (Reverse). You may
also manually select a lower forward gear below the (D) position by pushing
the ↓ (Downshift) arrow after pressing D (Drive).
25
4.1.2 USING LEVER SHIFT SELECTOR TO SELECT RANGE. If your
vehicle is equipped with the lever shift selector, make sure the vehicle is in
N (Neutral) before starting the engine. The neutral start circuit will not allow
the engine to start if the lever is not in N (Neutral). To go to range using a
lever shift selector, press the hold override button to release the lever from its
detent position and move the lever to the range you want. Refer to Figure 4–1.
You may manually select a lower forward gear below the (D) position by
moving the lever to the lower range you would like to “range hold”.
26
Figure 4–1. Typical Allison 4th Generation Prognostics Shift Selectors
27
4.1.3 SELECTOR DISPLAY FLASHING (INHIBITS) . When appropriate, the
transmission control system automatically invokes an inhibit to protect against
certain types of abusive operation, such as:
• Engine speed inhibit: prevents shift from neutral to either a forward
range or reverse if the engine speed is above 900 rpm.
• Direction change inhibit: prevents shifting the transmission from
forwardtoreverse or from reversetoforward if vehicle speed is more
than the allowed speed threshold, or if the engine speed is above
900 rpm. Rocking out by shifting from D (Drive) to R (Reverse) and
R (Reverse) to D (Drive) is still available to the operator provided the
vehicle speed detected is below the limit allowed for rocking out the
vehicle.
When shifts are inhibited, the TCM puts the transmission in N (Neutral) and
the RANGE SELECT character flashes an R for reverse inhibit or the RANGE
SELECT character flashes the highest forward range number for a drive
inhibit. After a range inhibit has occurred the driver must reselect range to
exit the inhibit after bringing the vehicle to stop and/or returning to engine idle.
Shifts from N (Neutral) to D (Drive) or N (Neutral) to R (Reverse) are also
inhibited when the TCM has been programmed (by input/output function)
to detect that auxiliary equipment is in operation and the shift should not
be allowed.
Table 4–1. DESCRIPTION OF AVAILABLE RANGES
Description of Available Ranges (refer to Figure 4–1)
WARNING: If you leave the vehicle and the engine is running,
the vehicle can move unexpectedly and you or others could be
injured. If you must leave the engine running, do not leave the
vehicle until you have completed all of the following procedures:
1. Put the transmission in N (Neutral).
2. Be sure the engine is at low idle (500–800 rpm).
3. Apply the parking brakes and emergency brake and
make sure they are properly engaged.
4. Chock the wheels and take any other steps necessary to
keep the vehicle from moving.
28
Table 4–1. DESCRIPTION OF AVAILABLE RANGES (cont’d)
Description of Available Ranges (refer to Figure 4–1)
WARNING: R (Reverse) may not be attained due to an active
inhibitor. Always apply the service brakes when selecting
R (Reverse) to prevent unexpected vehicle movement and
because a service brake inhibit may be present. When “R”
is flashing, it indicates the shift to R (Reverse) is inhibited.
Determine if diagnostic codes are active if R (Reverse) is not
attained. Refer to 7.6 SELECTOR DISPLAY DESCRIPTIONS
FOR ACTIVE DTCs AND INHIBITS.
CAUTION: Do not idle in R (Reverse) for more than five
minutes. Extended idling in R (Reverse) can cause transmission
overheating and damage. Always select N (Neutral) whenever
time at idle exceeds five minutes.
NOTE: Check the digital display window in the shift selector to
verify the selected range whenever a button is pushed or the
lever is moved to be sure the range selected is shown (i.e., if
the N (Neutral) button is pressed, N should appear in the digital
display). A flashing display indicates the range selected was not
attained due to an active inhibit.
R Completely stop the vehicle and let the engine return to idle
before shifting from a forward range to R (Reverse) or from R
(Reverse) to a forward range. The digital display will display R
when R (Reverse) is selected.
WARNING: When starting the engine, make sure the service
brakes are applied. Failure to apply the service brakes can
result in unexpected vehicle movement.
WARNING: Vehicle service brakes, parking brake, or
emergency brake must be applied whenever N (Neutral) is
selected to prevent unexpected vehicle movement. Selecting
N (Neutral) does not apply vehicle brakes, unless an auxiliary
system to apply the parking brake is installed (refer to the
Operator’s Manual for the vehicle).
WARNING: If you let the vehicle coast in N (Neutral), there is
no engine braking and you could lose control. Coasting can
also cause severe transmission damage. To help avoid injury
and property damage, do not allow the vehicle to coast in N
(Neutral).
29
Table 4–1. DESCRIPTION OF AVAILABLE RANGES (cont’d)
Description of Available Ranges (refer to Figure 4–1)
N Use N (Neutral) when starting the engine to check vehicle
accessories and for extended periods of engine idle operation
(longer than five minutes). For vehicles equipped with the
pushbutton selector, N (Neutral) is selected by the TCM during
startup. For vehicles equipped with the lever selector, the
vehicle will not start unless N (Neutral) has been selected. If the
vehicle starts in any range other than N (Neutral), seek service
immediately. N (Neutral) is also used during stationary operation
of the Power Takeoff (PTO) (if the vehicle is equipped with a
PTO). The digital display shows N when N (Neutral) is selected.
Always select N (Neutral) before turning off the vehicle engine.
WARNING: D (Drive) may not be attained due to an active
inhibitor. Always apply the service brakes when selecting D
(Drive) to prevent unexpected vehicle movement and because
a service inhibit may be present. When “D” is flashing,
it indicates the shift to D (Drive) is inhibited. Determine if
diagnostic codes are active if D (Drive) is not attained. Refer
to 7.6 SELECTOR DISPLAY DESCRIPTIONS FOR ACTIVE
DTCs AND INHIBITS .
CAUTION: Do not idle in D (Drive) for more than five
minutes. Extended idling in D (Drive) may cause transmission
overheating and damage. Always select N (Neutral) if time at
idle exceeds five minutes.
NOTE: If equipped with a HIGH IDLE switch, turn the HIGH
IDLE switch off before shifting from N (Neutral) to D (Drive) or R
(Reverse). D (Drive) or R (Reverse) will not be attained unless
the shift is made with the engine at idle. Also, be aware of other
interlocks that would prevent attaining D (Drive) or R (Reverse).
Example: “service brakes not applied” (service brake interlock
present).
D The transmission initially attains first range when D (Drive)
is selected (except for those units programmed to start in
secondrange). As vehicle speed increases, the transmission
upshifts automatically through each range. As the vehicle
or equipment slows down, the transmission automatically
downshifts to the correct range. The digital display shows the
highest range available in D (Drive).
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Table 4–1. DESCRIPTION OF AVAILABLE RANGES (cont’d)
Description of Available Ranges (refer to Figure 4–1)
WARNING: To avoid loss of control, use a combination of
downshifting, braking, and other retarding devices. Downshifting
to a lower transmission range increases engine braking and
can help you maintain control. The transmission has a feature
to prevent automatic upshifting above the lower range selected.
However, during downhill operation, if engine governed speed
is exceeded in the lower range, the transmission will upshift
to the next higher range to prevent engine damage. This will
reduce engine braking and could cause a loss of control.
Apply the vehicle brakes or other retarding device to prevent
exceeding engine governed speed in the lower range selected.
6* Lower ranges provide greater engine braking for going down
5* grades (the lower the range, the greater the braking effect).
4* Occasionally, it may be desirable to restrict automatic shifting
3 to a lower range because of:
2 • Road conditions
• Load
• Traffic conditions, etc.
The pushbutton shift selector arrow buttons access individual
forward ranges. Push the ↑ (Upshift) or ↓ (Downshift) arrows for
the desired range. The digital display shows the range chosen.
Even though a lower range is selected, the transmission may
not downshift until vehicle speed is reduced (this prevents
excessive engine speed in the lower range).
1 Firstrange provides the vehicle with its maximum driving torque
and engine braking effect. Use firstrange when:
• Pulling through mud and deep snow.
• Maneuvering in tight spaces.
• Driving up or down steep grades.
For vehicles equipped with the pushbutton selector, push the
↓ (Downshift) arrow until firstrange appears in the select
window.
* Actual ranges available depend on programming by vehicle manufacturer.
4.2 SHIFT SCHEDULES AND AUTOMATIC RANGE SHIFTS
The transmission initially attains first range when D (Drive) is selected (except
for those units programmed to start in 2nd range). As vehicle speed increases,
the transmission automatically upshifts through each range. As the vehicle
or equipment slows down, the transmission automatically downshifts to the
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correct range. The SELECT display shows the highest range available in D
(Drive).
The points at which shifts occur depend upon predetermined speeds and
other operating conditions. A transmission shift calibration includes several
sets of shift points which may be used according to current or anticipated
operating conditions for both upshift and downshift points.
NOTE: The vehicle OEM or bodybuilder is responsible for evaluating
the driveability of shift schedules in the intended vehicle and duty
cycle. For additional details regarding these shift schedules and/or
other options for primary and secondary shift schedules, contact a
qualified Allison Transmission service outlet for further information.
4.2.1 UPSHIFTING. As long as the Transmission Control Module (TCM)
calculates there is enough vehicle power and vehicle acceleration available to
grant and keep the next upshift then there are no other limitations imposed
on upshifting until the vehicle attains its top range displayed in the SELECT
display on the selector. Vehicle power and acceleration characteristics are
monitored by the transmission controls to attempt to eliminate shift cycling.
Shift cycling is an upshift followed closely by a downshift which is then
followed by another upshift and so on.
NOTE: If shift cycling is noted use the alternate shift schedule by
pressing the MODE button. The operator can also manually select
the next lower range (using the shift selector) to hold that lower
range until conditions are met to grant the upshift point again without
shift cycling.
4.2.1.1 HOLD SCHEDULE FOR UPSHIFTS
As a standard feature of each shift calibration, the transmission controls
incorporate a "hold upshift" shift schedule, which the operator may select if
the transmission is not operating in its highest range. When this schedule is
active, the shift points for upshifts are raised in order to hold the transmission
in its current gear and inhibit upshifting beyond the current range. Holds are
activated by selecting the current range or a lower range on the shift selector.
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CAUTION: A typical use of the "hold" feature is to maximize engine
braking when operating downhill. However, in order to prevent
overspeeding the engine, the hold function is not infinite. It will
permit shifts from the hold range to the next higher range at some
speed above the shift calibration speed.
4.2.2 DOWNSHIFTING. Downshifts are allowed to occur as long as
transmission output speed is low enough to keep from overspeeding the
engine after completing the downshift. When a range downshift is manually
selected by the operator, but the transmission output speed is determined to
be above the limits, the transmission stays in the range it was in even though
a lower range was requested by the operator. A shift to a lower range can
occur when the operator applies the vehicle service brakes or a retarding
device, such as an exhaust brake, engine brake, or retarder. This action
reduces the transmission output speed which in turn lowers the vehicle speed,
allowing the transmission to shift to the lower range.
4.2.2.1 PRESELECT SCHEDULE FOR DOWNSHIFTS
The preselect downshift schedule is similar to the hold feature. The operator
may initiate the preselect downshift shift schedule by selecting any forward
gear on the shift selector that is lower than the gear currently in use. When a
range has been "preselected" in this manner, shifts to and from gears above
the preselected gear range occur at higher than normal engine speeds. Shifts
below the preselected range are not affected.
Preselect downshifting is beneficial in maintaining higher engine speed,
resulting in increased engine braking or engine brake performance during
downhill operation or vehicle deceleration cycles. However, preselect shifts
are permitted only if an engine overspeed condition will not occur after
completion of the downshift.
NOTE: Preselecting during normal operation may result in reduced
fuel economy.
4.2.2.2 NONENGINE BRAKE OPERATION
Two choices of preselect shift schedules are available for governing
preselected downshifts during normal transmission operation. One of the
following choices is selected when the TCM is programmed by the vehicle
OEM:
• Standard Preselects – downshifts occur so the engine speed after the
shift is approximately 300 rpm above the engine governed speed
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• Low Preselects– downshifts occur so the engine speed after the shift
is approximately 150 rpm above the engine governed speed
4.2.2.3 ENGINE BRAKE OR EXHAUST BRAKE OPERATION
When the TCM detects the engine brake is enabled, it commands use of
a preselect shift schedule in order to enhance engine brake performance.
The default speeds for these shifts are known as the Alternate Engine Brake
Preselects.
• Alternate Engine Brake Preselects – downshifts occur at engine
speeds approximately midway between 1000 rpm and the Standard
Preselects for your transmission model.
As an option, the preselect shift points during engine brake operation can be
specified to be the same schedule selected when the TCM is programmed by
the vehicle OEM for nonengine brake operation:
• Standard Preselects – downshifts occur so the engine speed after the
shift is approximately 300 rpm above the engine governed speed
• Low Preselects– downshifts occur so the engine speed after the shift
is approximately 150 rpm above the engine governed speed
NOTE: Specify Standard or Low Preselects when the TCM is
programmed.
The preselect schedule chosen above will be activated for downshifts that
occur while the engine brake is active and until operation in a specified gear
is reached. This specified gear is the Engine Brake Preselect Range CMC
that is programmable using Allison DOC® For PCService Tool. If this CMC is
set to a value higher than 2nd gear, then downshifts from the Engine Brake
Preselect Range to 2nd gear will be made as standard (nonengine brake)
closed throttle downshifts. Additionally, if the TCM is programmed to make
engine brake preselect downshifts at Standard Preselects or Low Preselects
speeds, downshifts between the Engine Brake Preselected Range to an even
lower gear can be specified to use the Alternate Engine Brake Preselect
downshift speeds. The lowest gear to use this downshift schedule is also a
CMC (Alternate Engine Brake Preselect Range). If this option is specified and
the Alternate Engine Brake Preselect Range CMC is higher than 2nd gear,
downshifts from the Alternate Engine Brake Preselect Range to 2nd gear uses
normal (nonpreselect) closed throttle shift speeds.
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NOTE: If an exhaust brake or engine compression brake is installed
on the engine, then they must be integrated to the transmission
controls. Shift quality issues will arise if not properly integrated to
the transmission controls.
4.2.2.4 RETARDER MODE SHIFT SCHEDULE
The retarder mode shift schedule is automatically activated when the retarder
is switched on in order to raise closed throttle downshifts for additional cooling
during retarder operation. Retarder closed throttle downshifts occur at speeds
approximately halfway between the normal closed throttle downshift and the
preselect downshift for each range. Refer to 4.3 USING THE HYDRAULIC
RETARDER .
4.2.3 ACCELERATOR CONTROL. The position of the accelerator pedal
influences when automatic shifting occurs. An electronic throttle position
signal tells the TCM how much the operator has pressed the pedal. When the
pedal is fully pressed, upshifts occur automatically at higher engine speeds.
A partially pressed position of the pedal causes upshifts to occur at lower
engine speeds.
4.2.3.1 KICKDOWN SHIFT SCHEDULE
Kickdown is an optional shift schedule which is activated when the kickdown
input function is enabled. If shift schedule S2, S3, or S4 is in use and kickdown
is active, all shifts revert to schedule S1, Wide Open Throttle (WOT) shift
points. Similarly, if shift schedule S6, S7, or S8 is in use and kickdown is
active, all shifts revert to schedule S5, WOT shift points.
4.2.4 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SHIFT SCHEDULES. The primary shift
schedule is normally used each time the vehicle is started and is specified in
such a way to accommodate normal vehicle operation.
The secondary shift schedule is an alternate shift schedule the TCM only
uses upon request. The request for this schedule can be a dedicated request
from the operator or can be interlocked with the operation of another vehicle
system.
Primary and secondary shift schedules may be changed using the MODE
button but some applications may use a dashmounted switch. The MODE
indicator LED illuminates while in secondary shift schedule. The vehicle might
also have a dashmounted light that illuminates when the secondary mode
schedule is active.
Frequently, either performance or economy shift points are selected for
the primary shift schedule (reflecting the most commonly used state of the
35
vehicle), and the other set of shift points are selected for the secondary shift
schedule.
The primary and secondary shift schedules must be specified when the TCM
is programmed. The vehicle OEM determines which primary/secondary shift
schedule combination they would like the transmission to have when the
vehicle is built.
4.2.5 PERFORMANCE/ECONOMY SHIFT SCHEDULES. Currently, Allison
Transmission offers the following commonly available shift schedules to the
OEM(s):
• S1 & S5 Performance: WOT upshifts near Full Load Governed Speed
(FLGS)
• S2 & S6 Performance: WOT upshifts at a fixed (less than 100) percent
of Full Load Governed Speed (FLGS)
• S3 & S7 Economy: Upshifts at speeds which pull engine down to
a fixed rpm after the shift
• S4 & S8 Economy: Upshifts at speeds which pull engine down to a
fixed rpm (and less than S3) after the shift
• S9 Economy: Upshifts and downshifts occur at speeds that are even
lower than the S4 shift strategy
Schedules S1 through S4 are typically used with engines using allspeed
governors. Schedules S5 through S8 are designed to provide the same WOT
upshifts as the corresponding S1 through S4 schedules. However, the S5
through S8 part throttle shift schedules have been modified.
4.2.6 LOADBASED SHIFT SCHEDULING (LBSS). The LBSS shifting
strategy option combines the advantages of both performance and economy
shift schedules. LBSS is part of the standard Shift Energy Management
(SEM) calibration for approved engines. The controls automatically select the
economy shift schedule when an unloaded state of the vehicle is detected
(based on capability of the vehicle to accelerate quickly), then automatically
switch to performance shift points when the vehicle is loaded and its ability
to accelerate is reduced. The resulting operation can continuously modify
transmission shifting to keep the engine near its more efficient speeds, which
can produce improved overall vehicle fuel economy while still enabling high
productivity during loaded conditions.
Performance mode is commanded upon each initialization of the TCM. The
switch to economy is commanded by the TCM only when it is determined the
economy mode in LBSS is available based on the evaluation of the vehicle
operating system. The mode is also reset to performance when any of the
following are detected:
36
• Neutral has been commanded for more than 20 seconds
• Transmission has been in first range for more than 120 seconds
• An engine derate condition has been detected
• Loss of torque data from the engine
In addition to providing the capability to automatically switch between
performance and economy schedules, the availability of economy mode in
LBSS is selectable as a CMC, with Allison DOC® For PCService Tool, within
the shift calibration as follows:
Table 4–2. LBSS ECONOMY MODE
CMC Setting Selection Description
1 Reserved 1 Reserved for future use
2 Reserved 2 Reserved for future use
3 Low This setting keeps the vehicle in
economy mode when lightly loaded
or on low upgrades. The vehicle will
always be in performance mode if
carrying a load or when negotiating
moderate grades.
4 Medium This is the default value. This setting
keeps the vehicle in economy
mode more than the default setting.
When the vehicle is empty, even
on moderate grades, economy
mode is normally in use. Likewise,
economy mode also is used on
nearlylevel grades with moderate
loads. Performance mode will be
commanded when heavily loaded
or with moderate loads on larger
grades
5 High Grades This setting keeps the vehicle
in economy mode in most
circumstances. Performance
will typically be commanded only
when negotiating severe when
heavily loaded. This setting permits
higher powered vehicles to be in
economy mode for most operation
except during the most demanding
operating conditions
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4.2.7 OVERTEMPERATURE SHIFT SCHEDULE. Regardless of operator
request, the TCM automatically limits transmission operation to 4th range or
below during oil overtemperature conditions. If the transmission is above 4th
range when overtemperature occurs, the preselect shift schedule is used for
all downshifts until 4th range is reached.
4.2.8 CRUISE MODE SHIFT SCHEDULE. This shift schedule is activated
when a J1587 or J1939 datalink message is received to indicate cruise
control is active. Shift points for this operation are modified in order to reduce
the frequency of upshifts and downshifts during cruise operation. This shift
schedule is a standard feature of each shift calibration.
The vehicle cruise control features interact with retarder activation/deactivation
and are determined by calibration and CMC(s). Refer to 4.3.2 RETARDER/
CRUISE CONTROL INTERACTIONS.
4.3 USING THE HYDRAULIC RETARDER
A hydraulic retarder is optional on all of the models covered in this manual.
The purpose of the retarder is to assist in stopping the vehicle during
stopandgo driving and to control the downhill speed of the vehicle on a
grade. For both of these uses, the retarder extends the life of the service
brakes and enhances vehicle control. The retarder automatically disengages
when the vehicle approaches a stop.
When the retarder enable switch is turned on to enable the retarder system, a
special retarder mode shift schedule is activated. This shift schedule allows
downshifts at higher than the normal road speeds. Increased coolant flow
through the transmission cooler and engine radiator occurs due to the raised
downshift points. Refer to 4.3.1 RETARDER CAPACITY REDUCTION.
NOTE: The transmission retarder is configured as either a low,
medium, or high capacity retarder by TCM calibration. Allison
Transmission requires written vehicle OEM approval before a service
outlet increases the retarder capacity at a customer’s request.
Existing vehicle drivelines, differentials, axles, and the cooling system
must be designed for the additional retarder torque generated if a
higher capacity retarder calibration is installed. The cost to modify
retarder capacity is the responsibility of the customer.
The amount of Retarder Modulation Request (RMR) is controlled by the
operator and depends on the type of retarder control used in the vehicle.
Various hand, foot and automatic control techniques are used. Refer to
Table 4–3. In Allison 4th Generation Controls with Prognostics, the TCM also
activates or limits retarder operation in response to torque speed control
38
or electronic retarder control messages received on the vehicle’s J1939
Datalink. Contact your OEM to understand how the retarder controls have
been integrated into your vehicle.
The presence of a retarder must be autodetected as part of Allison 4th
Generation Controls with Prognostics.
NOTE: The retarder enable switch is used to turn the retarder off for
slippery road conditions.
WARNING: DO NOT USE THE RETARDER DURING INCLEMENT
WEATHER OR WHEN ROAD SURFACES ARE SLIPPERY.
Use of the hydraulic retarder during inclement weather or when
road surfaces are slippery could result in death, serious injury,
or property damage. On vehicles which have a primary retarder
control based upon closed throttle position, brake pedal position, or
brake apply pressure, always manually disable the retarder controls
during inclement weather or slippery road conditions, using the OEM
provided retarder enable switch if present.
If the transmission retarder does not apply, death, serious injury, or
property damage may occur. Operator should be prepared to apply
vehicle brakes or other retarder device if the transmission retarder
does not apply.
If the transmission retarder does not function, death, serious injury,
or property damage may occur. Be sure to test for proper retarder
function periodically. If a retarder is present but is not detected by
“autodetect,” the retarder will not function. Whenever the retarder
does not apply, seek service help immediately.
Regardless of the type of Allison retarder controls on your vehicle (refer to
Table 4–3) the following safety features are common to each configuration:
• The retarder can be disabled when inclement weather or slippery road
conditions are present
• Vehicle brake lights should always be on when the retarder is applied
(periodically verify they are working)
• Antilock Brake System (ABS) sends a signal to the TCM to indicate the
brake system is activated
39
NOTE: The retarder is automatically disabled and the lockup clutch
is disengaged whenever the ABS is active. In the event the ABS
malfunctions, it is recommended the retarder enable switch be
disabled, if equipped.
NOTE: If your transmission has a retarder but it is not functioning,
it may not have been autodetected during vehicle manufacture.
Consult the nearest Allison Transmission service outlet to have
autodetect reset or the retarder enabled using the Allison DOC® For
PC–Service Tool.
NOTE: A common cause for retarder performance complaints is
incorrect transmission fluid level. Fluid level must be set correctly for
highest retarder effectiveness. As little as 2 liters (2 quarts) too high or
too low can reduce retarder effectiveness and increase transmission
temperature. Refer to 5.8 PERIODIC FLUID LEVEL CHECKS.
NOTE: The retarder requires about two seconds to reach full capacity.
Be sure to anticipate this delay when using the retarder to prevent
unnecessary service brake applications during nonemergency stops.
NOTE: When the transmission fluid or engine water temperature
(engine water temperature is an OEM option) exceeds programmed
limits, retarder capacity is automatically gradually reduced to
minimize or avoid possible system overheating.
40
CAUTION: Observe the following cautions when driving a vehicle
equipped with a retarder:
• THE RETARDER WORKS ONLY WHEN THE ENGINE IS AT
CLOSED THROTTLE.
• OBSERVE TRANSMISSION AND ENGINE TEMPERATURE
LIMITS AT ALL TIMES. Select the lowest possible transmission
range to increase the cooling system capacity and total
retardation available.
• In the event of OVERHEATING, DECREASE THE USE OF
THE RETARDER; USE THE SERVICE BRAKES TO SLOW
THE VEHICLE.
• OBSERVE THE RETARDER/SUMP “OVERTEMP” LIGHT to
be sure it responds properly to retarder temperature.
Table 4–3. Types of Retarder Control
Type Description Amount of Application
Manual Separate apply pedal Zero to Full apply
Hand lever* Six levels based on lever position
Automatic Auto “Full On”* “Full On” when closed throttle
sensed
Brake Pressure Apply** Single pressure Off or “Full On” (based on brake
switch pressure)
Three pressure 1/3, 2/3, or “Full On” (based on
switches brake pressure)
Pedal Position** Special brake pedal 1/3, 2/3, or “Full On” (based on
brake pressure)
J1939 Data Link Digital message from Zero to Full Apply
engine controller
41
Table 4–3. Types of Retarder Control (cont’d)
Type Description Amount of Application
Combinations of the Auto “halfon” plus Half capacity at closed throttle or
above systems** pressure switch* “Full On” with brake pressure
Auto “1/3 on” plus two 1/3, capacity at closed throttle
pressure switches* or 2/3 and “Full On” with brake
pressure
Hand lever plus 6 levels of modulation with lever,
pressure switch* or “Full On” with brake pressure
Foot pedal plus Full modulation with separate
pressure switch pedal, or “Full On” with brake
pressure
Hand lever plus 6 levels of modulation with lever,
interface for special or 3 levels of modulation based
pedal* on pedal position
* These control systems may apply the retarder at high speed on grades when the vehicle has
road speed limiting and the retarder is enabled.
** For retarder apply systems integrated with the service brake system, the retarder is most
effective when applied with light brake pedal pressure for 1–2 seconds to allow the retarder to
fully charge. Added pedal pressure can be applied when more aggressive braking is desired.
4.3.1 RETARDER CAPACITY REDUCTION.
NOTE: In the event of excessively high temperatures in the
transmission fluid and/or engine coolant during retarder operation,
the maximum available retarder capacity may be reduced, affecting
vehicle operation.
Retarder capacity is reduced if the transmission retarderout or transmission
sump temperature exceeds specified limits, as detected by temperature
sensors which are integral to the transmission. In addition, retarder capacity is
reduced in the event of elevated engine water temperature based on:
• engine water temperature as communicated to the TCM with an engine
coolant sensor or via an SAE J1939 or J1587 datalink, or
• detection by an engine water temperature sensor which provides an
analog input signal to the TCM. This sensor is supplied and installed by
the vehicle builder.
4.3.1.1 BASED ON RETARDER TEMPERATURE
If the retarder temperature exceeds 143ºC (290ºF), the TCM raises the closed
throttle downshift points by activating the preselect downshift schedule. Use
42
of the preselect downshift schedule forces downshifts to occur at higher than
normal road speeds, increasing coolant flow through the transmission cooler
and engine radiator.
If the retarder temperature exceeds 149ºC (300ºF), retarder capacity begins
to reduce. Capacity reduction continues until it is reduced to approximately
27% of the maximum available retarder capacity.
NOTE: If the output speed increases 300 rpm above the speed at
which capacity reduction starts, full retardation is restored.
If the retarder temperature exceeds 166ºC (330ºF), the retarder temperature
indicator output activates. This illuminates a retarder overtemperature light
that alerts the operator of excessive retarder temperature. The retarder
temperature light deactivates when the retarder temperature drops below
159ºC (318ºF). If the retarder temperature remains above 166ºC (330ºF) for
ten consecutive seconds, an active DTC P2740 (retarder oil temperature
hot) is logged by the TCM. When the temperature drops and remains below
166ºC (330ºF) for ten consecutive seconds, the DTC becomes inactive and
is stored in memory.
4.3.1.2 BASED ON TRANSMISSION SUMP TEMPERATURE
Independent of the retarder temperature, if the transmission sump
temperature exceeds 117ºC (240ºF), retarder capacity will similarly be
reduced as described above. The overtemperature indicator is activated
and the overtemp DTC is logged if the sump temperature exceeds 121ºC
(250ºF) for fifteen minutes, exceeds 128ºC (262ºF) for more than one minute,
or instantaneously reaches 132ºC (270ºF).
4.3.1.3 BASED ON ENGINE WATER TEMPERATURE
If optional engine water capacity reduction and/or preselect downshifts are
used, similar responses occur based on excessive engine water temperature.
The capacity is reduced at the rate/slope programmed into the calibration and
may continue to be reduced at this rate until:
• The retarder is operating at approximately 27.5% of its maximum
capacity
• The retarder is deactivated by the operator or by vehicle operating
conditions which eliminate the need for retardation
• Engine water temperature is returned to a level that does not invoke
the capacity reduction
43
NOTE: Full retardation is restored if the output speed increases 300
rpm above the speed at which water capacity reduction starts.
4.3.2 RETARDER/CRUISE CONTROL INTERACTIONS. Two control
features affect retarder operation when the vehicle is equipped with cruise
control:
• Feature 1: Cruise Control Retarder Auto On Disable
This feature only applies to electronic engines that communicate with the
transmission on either J1587 or J1939. The TCM calibration must specify
this feature to be either on or off. If the feature is on in the calibration, the
TCM prohibits retarder operation when cruise control is active but the throttle
is closed, which implies downhill coasting operation. This feature is highly
recommended if the retarder apply system automatically applies the retarder
at high levels at closed throttle.
If the feature is off in the calibration or the engine is not electronic, the TCM
commands retarder operation whenever the cruise control goes to zero
throttle. This mode of operation is only acceptable if the subsequent level
of retarder apply is less than 25%.
• Feature 2: Retarder Cancel Cruise Control
This feature provides for a short flash of the retarder indicator output whenever
the requested retarder level is increased. The retarder indicator output must
be wired to the engine cruise control to turn off cruise control when the level
of retardation requested is changed. This operation emulates the effect of
applying the service brakes. Feature 2 is an optional feature that must be
specified for the controls calibration.
44
5.0 CARE AND MAINTENANCE
5.1 PERIODIC INSPECTIONS
NOTE: The terms fluid and oil are used interchangeably in this
publication. Both terms refer to the fluid or oil in the transmission
and nowhere else.
It is very important to continually monitor the fluid level and connections for
the electronic and hydraulic circuits. Keep the transmission clean to make
inspection easier. Make regular periodic inspections for:
• Proper transmission fluid fill. Refer to 5.8 PERIODIC FLUID LEVEL
CHECKS.
• Transmission fluid that is discolored, has a strong odor, or exceeded oil
analysis limits.
• Presence of engine coolant in the transmission fluid.
NOTE: Transmission overhaul is required when the transmission
has been contaminated with engine coolant. Allison Transmission
recommends all clutch friction plates, lockup clutch, solenoids, and
rusted/damaged parts be replaced during the rebuild.
• Presence of transmission fluid in the engine cooling system.
• Leaking fluid around fittings or hydraulic lines.
• Dripping oil from the transmission or output seal area (refer to
Figure 5–1 and Figure 5–2).
• Debris that is blocking the breather located on top of the torque
converter housing (refer to Figure 5–1 and Figure 5–2).
• Loose bolts securing transmission to engine or vehicle components
attached to the transmission.
• Loose engine and transmission mounts.
45
• Harnesses interfacing with transmission controls and vehicle function
are still in good condition.
Report any abnormal condition to service management. Immediately correct
any problems found during this inspection to prevent further vehicle and/or
transmission damage.
46
Figure 5–1. 3000 HS (Allison 4th Generation Controls)
47
Figure 5–2. 4000 HS and 4500 HS (Allison 4th Generation Controls)
48
5.2 PREVENT MAJOR PROBLEMS
You can help keep minor problems from becoming major problems by
contacting an Allison Transmission distributor or dealer when one of these
conditions occur:
• A shift quality issue
• A driveability issue such as a vibration
• Transmission, hydraulic line or fitting is leaking fluid
NOTE: Dampness around the breather and output seal is normal. If
there is a drip associated with the dampness at the breather, output
seal, or elsewhere on the transmission then repair the cause of the
leak.
• CHECK TRANS light illuminates
5.3 IMPORTANCE OF TRANSMISSION FLUIDS
Proper transmission fluid selection is important to transmission performance,
reliability, and durability. The fluid used in the transmission does the following:
• Provides the working medium for the torque converter, controls, and
clutch application
• Transfers heat from the transmission to the cooler
• Lubricates gears and bearings
• Carries rust inhibiting chemicals throughout the transmission
• Achieves optimum coefficient of friction for the clutch application
• Maintains clutch engagement
• Carries contaminants to the filters
5.4 RECOMMENDED AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION FLUIDS
Only use fluids meeting Allison Transmission specification TES 295 or TES
389 in your transmission. For a list of currently approved transmission fluids,
go to the Allison Transmission web site at: www.allisontransmission.com,
select SERVICE, Fluids.
Allison Transmission recommends you take the following into consideration
when selecting the appropriate fluid type for your transmission:
• Fluids meeting specification TES 295 are preferred over TES 389 fluids
for use in all 3000 and 4000 Product Families transmission applications.
49
• TranSynd®, a TES 295 fluid, is available through Allison distributors
and dealerships.
• TES 295 fluids are fully qualified for Severe Duty and Extended Drain
intervals.
• A fluid meeting TES 295 specification is required in order to use
Prognostics Features in A51, A52, A53 series TCMs calibrated prior to
October 09, 2009 if Calibration Identification Number (CIN) starts with
4A.
– The Prognostics packages available in A51, A52, A53 TCMs
calibrated after October 09 2009 to a CIN starting with 4C allows a
selectable fluid type between either TES 295 or TES 389 fluid.
• A TES 295 fluid allows you to operate at a lower ambient temperature
than a TES 389 type fluid. Refer to Table 5–1.
• A TES 389 fluid is the minimum fluid requirement approved for use in
3000 and 4000 Product Families transmissions.
• To extend the TES 389 fluid drain intervals beyond the recommended
mileage or hours change interval, use a fluid analysis program. Refer
to 5.6 FLUID ANALYSIS.
• When choosing a fluid type to use, consider what the minimum
fluid operating temperature of the fluid will be based on the ambient
temperatures reached in the geographical location for the vehicle. Refer
to 3.3.1 PREHEATING REQUIREMENT.
Table 5–1. Transmission Fluid Minimum Operating
Temperature Requirements
Minimum Operating Conditions
Fluid Type
Celsius Fahrenheit
TES 295 –35 –31
TES 389 –25 –13
5.5 KEEPING FLUID CLEAN
CAUTION: Containers or fillers that have had antifreeze solution or
engine coolant in them must NEVER be used to hold transmission
fluid. Antifreeze and coolant solutions contain ethylene glycol and
water which, if put into the transmission, can cause damage.
50
Make sure that transmission fluid is clean, free of chemical contaminants, and
within fluid specification limits. Refer to Table 5–2.
Handle transmission fluid in clean, residuefree containers and fillers to
prevent any foreign material or chemical contamination of the transmission
fluid.
5.6 FLUID ANALYSIS
Transmissions used in high cycle rate applications should use fluid analysis
to make sure fluid is changed as soon as needed. Transmission protection
and fluid change intervals may be optimized by monitoring fluid oxidation
according to the tests and limits. Refer to Table 5–2. Consult your local
telephone directory for firms in your area that provide a fluid analysis service.
Use only one fluid analysis firm to ensure consistent and accurate fluid
analysis. Refer to Technician’s Guide for Automatic Transmission Fluid,
GN2055EN, for additional information.
Table 5–2. Fluid Oxidation Measurement Limits
Test Limit
Viscosity ±25 change from new fluid
Total Acid Number (TAN) +3.0*change from new fluid
Solids 2 percent by volume
* mg of potassium hydroxide (KOH) to neutralize a gram of fluid.
5.7 TRANSMISSION FLUID REFILL
The fluid refill volume will be less than the volume listed for the initial fill
due to some fluid remaining in the external circuits as well as in various
transmission component cavities. After refill, verify the fluid level is correct.
Refer to 5.8 PERIODIC FLUID LEVEL CHECKS.
NOTE: Quantities listed in Table 5–3 are approximate and do not
include external lines and cooler hoses.
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Table 5–3. Transmission Fluid Capacity
Initial Refill Refill
Transmission Sump Liters Quarts Liters Quarts
3000 Product Family 4 inch 27 29 18 19
2 inch 25 26 16 17
*
4000 Product Family 4 inch 48 51 40 42
2 inch 41 43 33 35
*
Subtract 2.8 Liters (3 Quarts) for transmissions without PTO.
5.8 PERIODIC FLUID LEVEL CHECKS
Even though transmission fluid is not consumed during transmission operation
as engine oil might be, periodic fluid level checks should be made prior to
placing the vehicle in service or just after returning from service. Periodic
fluid level checks help prevent human error or mechanical failure of a vehicle
or transmission component. Periodic checks also help to detect fluid leaks,
cooler failure (contaminating the transmission fluid), fluid overfill, fluid underfill
or the wrong kind of fluid used the last time the transmission was serviced.
Check the transmission fluid level by one of the following methods:
• Dipstick
• Using Allison 4th Generation shift selector to electronically check the Oil
Level Sensor (OLS) located in the transmission control valve module
• Using Allison DOC® For PCService Tool to check the level with the OLS
The dipstick is marked with temperature bands for a COLD and HOT fluid
level check. The fluid check marked COLD is designed to allow the fluid level
to be checked from 16°C (61°F) to 60°C (140°F).
NOTE: Only use this check to confirm adequate fluid volume for a
cold startup and not to set fluid levels for continued operation.
The OLS is designed to automatically compensate for fluid temperature
fluctuations (thermal expansion) that is, within its operating band parameters
for fluid temperature. Allison Transmission recommends using the Allison 4th
Generation controls shift selector to check the OLS. This method is more
accurate than the dipstick method.
Use the dipstick method if any of the following situations exist:
52
• If transmission fluid temperature is below the allowed temperature to
check it electronically, conduct a COLD CHECK to determine whether
there is enough fluid to start and move the vehicle.
• If the vehicle does not have an Allison 4th Generation shift selector,
or the OEM has not integrated the electronic messages regarding oil
level into their selector.
• If the OLS or vehicle wiring is defective, or the OLS was not auto
detected, preventing electronic access to fluid level.
5.8.1 FLUID CHECK USING DIPSTICK.
There are two temperature bands marked on the dipstick to allow for
transmission fluid expansion when the temperature increases. The lower
band, referred to as COLD CHECK, is used when the transmission fluid is
below operating temperature. The upper band, referred to as HOT CHECK,
is used when the transmission fluid is at normal operating temperature.
The OEM may refer to these as COLD FULL/COLD ADD (COLD CHECK)
and HOT FULL/HOT ADD (HOT CHECK). Refer to Figure 5–3 for further
information on dipstick markings.
53
Figure 5–3. Standard Transmission Dipstick Markings
54
COLD CHECK: The COLD CHECK band verifies the transmission has
adequate fluid for startup and operation until it can be checked at the
operating (hot) temperature. Only use this check to confirm adequate fluid
level for a cold startup and not to set fluid levels for continued operation.
Typically, the check is most accurate with fluid temperatures of 1649°C
(61120°F).
NOTE: With engine off the fluid level should reach the hot run band
or higher on the dipstick even at cold ambient temperatures. The
cold check band is calibrated on the stick for the fluid level attained
while the transmission is running and in N (Neutral). Do not move the
vehicle until the fluid level reaches the cold full mark with engine
running and transmission in N (Neutral).
HOT CHECK: The HOT CHECK band checks the fluid level at the normal
operating temperature, 7193°C (160200°F). Fluid level checks at operating
temperature offer the best assurance of maintaining the correct fluid level.
Typically, the transmission is at operating temperature at the end of the shift
or at the end of the day.
The fluid must be maintained above the COLD CHECK mark to assure the
fluid is above the charging pump suction port inside the transmission. This
prevents charging pump cavitation which causes aeration of the fluid and
erratic operation of the transmission. If the fluid is above the HOT CHECK
mark, it may contact the rotating parts of the transmission causing fluid
aeration which results in erratic transmission operation, and may cause
overheating and power loss.
CAUTION: Transmission damage can result from extended operation
at low fluid level conditions.
NOTE: Do not overfill the transmission. Overheating, oil foaming
out of the breather, and power loss may occur if driven while
transmission is overfilled.
5.8.1.1 COLD CHECK PROCEDURE
NOTE: The correct fluid level cannot be determined unless the
transmission is in a level position.
55
CAUTION: DO NOT start the engine until the presence of sufficient
transmission fluid has been confirmed. Remove the transmission fluid
dipstick and be sure the static fluid level is near the HOT FULL mark.
WARNING: If you leave the vehicle and the engine is running, the
vehicle can move unexpectedly and you or others could be injured. If
you must leave the engine running, do not leave the vehicle until you
have completed all of the following procedures:
1. Put the transmission in N (Neutral).
2. Be sure the engine is at low idle (500–800 rpm).
3. Apply the parking brakes and emergency brake and make sure
they are properly engaged.
4. Chock the wheels and take any other steps necessary to keep
the vehicle from moving.
A COLD CHECK determines if the transmission has enough fluid to be
operated safely until a HOT CHECK can be made. Complete a COLD CHECK
after the presence of transmission fluid has been confirmed with the engine off.
The transmission fluid temperature should be between 1649°C (61120°F).
NOTE: Always check fluid level with the dipstick in the unscrewed or
loose position.
Complete a COLD CHECK procedure using the dipstick as follows:
1. Move the vehicle to a level surface, put the transmission in N (Neutral)
and set the parking brake.
2. With the engine idling (500–800 rpm), shift to D (Drive) and then to R
(Reverse) to clear air from the hydraulic circuits.
3. Run the engine at idle (500–800 rpm) in N (Neutral) for about one
minute.
4. Clean debris from around the end of the fill tube before removing the
dipstick.
5. Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean.
6. Insert the dipstick into the fill tube, pushing down until it stops, but still in
its loose or unscrewed position.
7. Remove the dipstick and observe the fluid level. If the fluid on the
dipstick is within the COLD CHECK band (refer to Figure 5–3), the fluid
56
level is satisfactory. If the fluid level is not within this band, add or drain
(refer to 5.7 TRANSMISSION FLUID REFILL as necessary to bring the
level within the COLD CHECK band.
8. Perform a HOT CHECK at the first opportunity after normal operating
temperature (7193°C (160199°F)) is reached.
CAUTION: DO NOT operate the transmission for extended periods of
time until a HOT CHECK has verified proper fluid level. Transmission
damage can result from extended operation at improper fluid level
conditions.
CAUTION: The fluid level rises as fluid temperature rises. DO
NOT fill the transmission above the COLD CHECK band if the
transmission fluid is below normal operating temperatures. During
operation, an overfull transmission can become overheated, leading
to transmission damage.
CAUTION: Obtain an accurate fluid level by imposing the following
conditions:
• Engine is idling (500–800 rpm) in N (Neutral)
• Transmission fluid is at the normal operating temperature
• The vehicle is on a level surface
• Apply the parking brake and chock the wheels
5.8.1.2 HOT CHECK PROCEDURE
NOTE: Always check fluid level with the dipstick in the unscrewed or
loose position.
To complete a HOT CHECK procedure using the dipstick do the following:
1. Be sure fluid has reached normal operating temperature of 7193°C
(160200°F). If a transmission temperature gauge is not present,
measure fluid level when the engine water temperature gauge has
stabilized.
2. Park the vehicle on a level surface and shift to N (Neutral).
3. Apply the parking brake and allow the engine to idle (500–800 rpm).
4. Clean debris from around the end of the fill tube before removing the
dipstick.
57
5. Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean.
6. Insert the dipstick into the fill tube, pushing down until it stops, but still in
its loose or unscrewed position.
7. Remove the dipstick and observe the fluid level. The safe operating
level is anywhere within the HOT RUN band on the dipstick. Refer to
Figure 5–3.
8. If the level is not within the HOT RUN band, add or drain fluid as
necessary to bring the level within the HOT RUN band. Refer to
5.7 TRANSMISSION FLUID REFILL.
9. Measure fluid level more than once. Be sure fluid level measurements
are consistent. If readings are not consistent, be sure the transmission
breather is clean and not clogged. Refer to Figure 2–1 and
Figure 2–2 for the location of the fill tube and dipstick.
10. If readings are still not consistent, contact your nearest Allison
distributor or dealer.
5.8.1.3 TRANSMISSION DIPSTICK MARKINGS ILLUSTRATION
Refer to Figure 5–3.
5.8.2 FLUID LEVEL CHECKS USING ALLISON 4TH GENERATION SHIFT
SELECTORS.
The OLS is standard in your transmission. With the OLS and an Allison 4th
Generation shift selector, you can get a more accurate electronic fluid level
check than with a dipstick.
5.8.2.1 ELECTRONIC FLUID LEVEL CHECK PREREQUISITES
• OLS is functional and is autodetected by the Transmission Control
Module (TCM).
• Vehicle has an Allison 4th Generation shift selector.
5.8.2.2 ELECTRONIC FLUID LEVEL CHECK PROCEDURE
The OLS is designed to measure transmission fluid level. To check the fluid
level electronically from the shift selector, do the following:
1. Be sure transmission fluid has reached the correct operating
temperature band for the OLS:
– A52, A53 TCMs calibrated after October 09 2009 to a CIN starting
with 4C can be checked from 40104°C (104 219º F).
– Any other TCM model or previous calibrations prior to October 09
2009 can be checked from 60104° C (140 219º F).
58
– If a transmission temperature gauge is not present, measure fluid
level when the engine water temperature gauge has stabilized.
2. Park the vehicle on a level surface and shift to N (Neutral)
3. Apply the parking brake and allow the engine to idle (500–800 rpm).
4. Make sure vehicle is stopped with transmission output at 0 rpm.
5. Allow a settling period of two minutes to facilitate oil drain back time.
The TCM communicates status once fluid level request is initiated.
6. Fluid level measurement and readout may be initiated by pressing
once on:
• DISPLAY MODE/DIAGNOSTIC (DMD) button on the lever
selector. Refer to Figure 5–4.
• ↑ (Upshift) and ↓ (Downshift) arrows simultaneously on the
keypad of the pushbutton selector. Refer to Figure 5–4.
7. To exit the fluid level display mode, press any range button on the
pushbutton shift selector or press the DISPLAY MODE/DIAGNOSTIC
(DMD) button on the lever shift selector
59
Figure 5–4. TYPICAL ALLISON 4TH GENERATION SHIFT SELECTOR
60
5.8.2.3 FLUID RANGE DETECTED FOR OIL LEVEL SENSOR (OLS)
The OLS has a detection range of up to LO 4 to HI 3 that can display on the
selectors. The actual oil level to add may be greater than 4 liters (4.22 quarts)
if the transmission is more than 4 liters (4.22 quarts) low from the full mark.
The actual fluid volume to drain may be more than 3 liters (3.17 quarts) if the
transmission is overfull by more than 3 liters (3.17 quarts).
5.8.2.4 DISPLAY OF FLUID LEVEL AND FLUID LEVEL CODES
After obtaining the fluid level reading mode, the display provision of the
transmission shifter indicates fluid level status to the operator by sequentially
flashing the fluid level information two characters at a time to the SELECT
and MONITOR digital displays. Refer to Figure 5–4.
A delayed fluid level check is indicated by a “—” in each of the digital
displays (SELECT and MONITOR) followed by a numerical countdown. The
countdown, from 8 to 1, indicates the time remaining in the two minute waiting
(settling) period.
An alphanumeric code (other then “o, L”) indicates either a fault code,
unacceptable conditions to receive the fluid level information, or there is a
system malfunction.
The following is an explanation of what will appear in the single digital display.
• Correct Fluid Level—“o, L” is displayed (represents Fluid (Oil) Level
Check Mode), followed by “o, K”. The “o, K” display indicates the
fluid is within the correct fluid level zone. The sensor display and
the transmission dipstick may not agree exactly because the OLS
compensates for fluid temperature.
• Low Fluid Level—“o, L” is displayed (represents Fluid (Oil) Level Check
Mode), followed by “Lo” (represents low fluid level) and the number of
quarts the transmission is low. For example: “2” indicates 2 additional
quarts will bring the fluid level within the middle of the “o, K” zone.
• High Fluid Level—“o, L” is displayed (represents Fluid (Oil) Level
Check Mode), followed by “HI” (represents High Oil Level) and the
number of quarts the transmission is overfilled. For example: “1”
indicates 1 quart of fluid above the full transmission level.
• Invalid For Display—“o, L” (represents Fluid (Oil) Level Check Mode),
followed by “—” and an alphanumeric which is a fault code and indicates
conditions are not acceptable to receive the fluid level information, or
there is a system malfunction.
The following is an explanation of what appears in the SELECT and
MONITOR digital displays.
61
• Correct Fluid Level
SELECT MONITOR Description
“o” “L” Represents Fluid (oil)
Level Check Mode
“o” “K” Fluid (oil) level is within
the correct fluid level zone
• Low Fluid Level
SELECT MONITOR Description
“o” “L” Represents Fluid (oil)
Level Check Mode
“L” “o” Represents Low Fluid
(oil) Level
“0” “2” The number of quarts the
transmission is low
• High Fluid Level
SELECT MONITOR Description
“o” “L” Represents Fluid (oil)
Level Check Mode
“H” “I” Represents High Fluid
(oil) Level
“0” “1” The number 1 indicates
1 quart of fluid above the
full transmission level
• Invalid for Display
SELECT MONITOR Description
“o” “L” Represents Fluid (oil)
Level Check Mode
“—” “—” The dashes are followed
by a numerical display
which is a fault code that
indicates conditions are
not proper to receive the
fluid level information
or there is a system
malfunction.
62
The shift selector shows invalid for display codes two characters at a time. An
invalid for display code is returned when the fluid level data is requested, but
an operational condition has not been met. The invalid for display codes and
their meaning are shown in Table 5–4.
Table 5–4. Invalid for Display Codes
Display Display (MY08, Cal/Sfw
Interpretation of Display
(Former) or newer)
oL — OX oL — OX Settling time too short*
oL — 50 oL — EL Engine rpm too low
oL — 59 oL — EH Engine rpm too high
oL — 65 oL — SN N (Neutral) must be
selected
oL — 70 oL — TL Sump fluid temperature
too low
oL — 79 oL — TH Sump fluid temperature
too high
oL — 89 oL — SH Output shaft rotation
oL — 95 oL — FL Sensor failure
*A number between 8 and 1 that flashes during the countdown period.
NOTE: A51, A52, A53 TCMs calibrated after October 09 2009 to a
CIN starting with 4C may be electronically checked for oil level from
40104°C (104 219º F). Otherwise, perform the electronic oil level
check from 60104°C (140 219º F) .
5.9 PROGNOSTICS FEATURES
The Prognostics package contains functions that maximize fluid and filter use,
as well as a feature which provides an indication of when the clutch system
wear is significant enough to warrant transmission repair. You can then
schedule the repair at your convenience. Refer to Table 5–5 for Prognostics
Function Description.
Table 5–5. Prognostics Function Description
Prognostics Function Name Description
Oil Life Monitor (OM) Displays the percentage of fluid life
remaining
63
Table 5–5. Prognostics Function Description (cont’d)
Prognostics Function Name Description
Filter Life Monitor (FM) Notifies that main and lube filters need
changed
Transmission Health Monitor (TM) Notifies that one or more clutches,
C1C5, needs replaced
NOTE: The term TRANS SERVICE indicator refers to the lighted
wrench icon in the shift selector.
Allison Transmission 4th Generation Controls with Prognostics has a TRANS
SERVICE indicator, between the SELECT and MONITOR display window
on all Allison 4th Generation Controls with Prognostics lever and keypad
pushbutton shift selectors. Refer to Figure 4–1. The OEM may choose to use
their own selector but provide the TRANS SERVICE indicator for Prognostics
as a lamp or via a message on a display unit.
When a specified threshold is detected for any of the serviceable conditions,
the TRANS SERVICE indicator is illuminated to alert the operator. Failure
to attend to the service condition and reset the TRANS SERVICE indicator
within a defined operating period results in illumination of the CHECK TRANS
light, indicating the increased probability that the service condition will develop
into a more serious condition. Refer to 6.2.1 CHECK TRANS LIGHT.
5.9.1 PROGNOSTICS PREREQUISITES. The following requirements must
be met to use the Prognostics features and functions:
• Vehicle harness has a wire for the filter life indicator switch (wire 118).
• The OEM has ordered your calibration from Allison Transmission with
Prognostics enabled.
NOTE: It is important to note that if Prognostics is disabled, it is
not available at all in the calibration. This is different than the OEM
ordering your calibration with Prognostics off. Defaulting Prognostics
off means it could be enabled in the future without recalibrating to
a different calibration provided the other conditions are met to use
Prognostics.
• If the CIN starts with 4A, use TES 295 transmission fluid. If the CIN
starts with 4C, TES 295 or TES 389 transmission fluid may be used
• Using Allison Transmission High Capacity Main and Lube Filters
64
• Using Allison 4th Generation Controls with Prognostics keypad
pushbutton or lever shift selector. Refer to Figure 4–1.
NOTE: Allison Transmission may approve some OEM selectors for
Prognostics, provided the TRANS SERVICE indicator or message
display is integrated by the OEM. At the time of this publication there
are no capable OEM selectors for Prognostics.
5.9.2 PROGNOSTICS FEATURES AVAILABILITY. The vehicle manufacturer
specifies whether they want Allison Prognostics Feature Package to be made
available in the calibration and in what configuration, for example defaulted on
or off. The Oil Life Monitor (OM), Filter Life Monitor (FM), and Transmission
Health Monitor (TM) are the individual functions included in the Allison
Prognostics Feature Package. These individual functions cannot be turned on
or off separately within the Allison Prognostics Feature Package.
The transmission calibration can be made for the vehicle manufacturer (or the
customer) so the Prognostics Feature is in one of the following states:
• Available and the Prognostics Features are defaulted on and therefore
monitoring Oil Life Monitor (OM), Filter Life Monitor (FM), and
Transmission Health Monitor (TM) presently.
• Available and the function is defaulted off and therefore available but
not monitoring Oil Life Monitor (OM), Filter Life Monitor (FM), and
Transmission Health Monitor (TM) presently.
• Disabled and therefore not available within this Transmission Control
Module (TCM) calibration.
Methods to turn the Prognostics Package Features on or off (provided all
other requirements are met), include the following:
• Through the shift selector (if allowed by TCM programming). Refer to
5.9.3 PROCEDURE TO TURN PROGNOSTICS ON AND OFF.
• Using the Allison DOC® For PCService Tool, Customer Modifiable
Constant (CMC) can be toggled to enabled or disabled for the Allison
Prognostics Feature Package provided the OEM ordered a calibration
that has the Allison Prognostics Feature Package as a programmable
feature.
• Recalibrate the TCM provided wire 118 is in the harness. This can be
done at an authorized Allison distributor or dealer.
65
NOTE: Prognostics should not be turned on after recalibration of
the TCM until all other requirements for the fluid filters, selector,
and harness are met. If wire 118 is not in the vehicle harness, DTC
P0848, Pressure Switch 2 (PS2) Circuit High, will be active. If the
selector is not a Prognostics capable selector (there is no wrench
icon in the selector) then DTC U0304, Software Incompatible with
Gear Shift Control Module 1, is active.
The OEM initially specifies how they want the calibration configured for
operator access regarding reset for Prognostics functions through the
selector. The vehicle owner may then have the CMC toggled to either enabled
or disabled to allow or disallow the Prognostics Package reset from the shift
selector via programming features in Allison DOC® For PCService Tool.
Reset methods for the Prognostics Package and reset of individual features in
the package include the following: (Refer to 5.9.3 PROCEDURE TO TURN
PROGNOSTICS ON AND OFF).
• Oil Life Monitor (OM) and Filter Life Monitor (FM) may be reset through
the selector by different shift pattern sequences.
• Oil Life Monitor (OM) and Filter Life Monitor (FM) may be reset by SAE
J1939 datalink messages.
• Oil Life Monitor (OM), Filter Life Monitor (FM), and Transmission
Health Monitor (TM) may be reset individually with Allison DOC® For
PCService Tool.
• Transmission Health Monitor (TM) is always manually reset with Allison
DOC® For PCService Tool and cannot be manually reset through
the selector. Individual clutch reset is allowed with Allison DOC® For
PC–Service Tool.
• The Prognostics CMC can be set to restrict Prognostic Package resets
to the Allison DOC® For PCService Tool only. Individual functions, such
as the Oil Life Monitor (OM), Filter Life Monitor (FM), and Transmission
Health Monitor (TM) may not be restricted individually for reset by the
service tool. Restriction to reset by the service tool only affects the whole
Prognostics Package, which is handled by a single Prognostics CMC.
• Filter Life Monitor (FM) and Transmission Health Monitor (TM)
automatically reset themselves if monitored conditions allow.
66
NOTE: An Allison service outlet can assist with programming and
recalibration to enable Prognostics, at customer expense, as long as
all Allison Transmission requirements are met prior to the enabled
feature being turned on.
NOTE: The three Prognostics functions, Oil Life Monitor (OM),
Filter Life Monitor (FM), and Transmission Health Monitor (TM), are
enabled or disabled as a group and cannot be enabled or disabled
individually.
CAUTION: Prognostics requires the use of Allison approved
TES 295 or TES 389 fluids and Allison High Capacity Filters if
turned ON. If any other fluids or filters are used, the Prognostics
feature MUST BE turned OFF. Prognostics information will not
be accurate with any other transmission fluids and could result in
missed maintenance activities resulting in transmission damage.
If Prognostics functions are not programmed or are turned
OFF, refer to 5.0 CARE AND MAINTENANCE and review the
miles/hours/months fluid and filter change interval charts or visit
www.allisontransmission.com, click Service, Fluid/Filter Change
Interval, then Fluids, and read the current revision of Service Tips
1099 for details.
5.9.3 PROCEDURE TO TURN PROGNOSTICS ON AND OFF.
WARNING: To help avoid unexpected vehicle movement that might
cause death, serious injury, or property damage, always have your
foot on the brake, the throttle released, and the engine at idle before
making a N (Neutral) to D (Drive); N (Neutral) to R (Reverse); D
(Drive) to R (Reverse); or R (Reverse) to D (Drive) selection.
The Prognostics feature can be turned on with the Allison DOC® For
PCService Tool or, if the specific calibration allows it, the operator can do
the following:
1. Set the vehicle brakes to prevent movement of the vehicle.
2. With engine off, turn the ignition on (do not start the engine). Wait for
initialization to complete (wait for N N to display in the selector).
3. Move the shift selector (for a lever) or press the keypad (for a
pushbutton) through the following sequence of range positions,
67
pausing no more than three (3) seconds between consecutive shifts:
NDNRNDNRNDNRN.
4. Watch for the wrench icon between the SELECT and MONITOR
display to illuminate and then turn off. That tells the operator they
have successfully enabled the Allison Prognostics Feature Package,
consisting of the Oil Life Monitor (OM), Filter Life Monitor (FM), and
Transmission Health Monitor (TM).
If another TRANS SERVICE indicator is installed in the dash or incorporated
in an OEM message display, it too should also briefly illuminate in similar
fashion as the wrench icon.
Disabling the Prognostics feature can be done with Allison DOC® For
PCService Tool or, if the specific calibration allows it, the operator can do
the following:
1. Set the vehicle brakes to prevent movement of the vehicle.
2. With engine off, turn the ignition on (do not start the engine). Wait for
initialization to complete (wait for N N to display in the selector).
3. Move the shift selector (for a lever) or press the keypad (for a
pushbutton) through the following sequence of range positions,
pausing no more than three (3) seconds between consecutive shifts:
NDNRNDNRNDNRN.
4. Watch for the wrench icon to illuminate and then turn off. That tells
the operator they have successfully disabled the Allison Prognostics
Feature Package, consisting of the Oil Life Monitor (OM), Filter Life
Monitor (FM), and Transmission Health Monitor (TM).
If another TRANS SERVICE indicator is installed in the dash or incorporated
in an OEM message display, it too should also briefly illuminate in similar
fashion as the wrench icon.
5.9.4 NORMAL PROGNOSTICS INDICATION AT ENGINE START. Once
Prognostics is monitoring the system, normal operation at engine start is as
follows:
1. A system bulb check illuminates the wrench icon between the SELECT
and MONITOR display of the selector for approximately 0.5 seconds.
2. If Prognostics features are enabled, the wrench icon illuminates again
for 3 seconds after the bulb check.
– If Prognostics features are disabled, the wrench icon does not
illuminate again after the bulb check.
– The TRANS SERVICE indicator, if installed, should behave the
same way as described for the wrench icon in Step 2.
68
NOTE: If the shift calibration permits a maximum allowable gear in
primary mode that is different than the maximum allowable gear in
secondary mode, Prognostics enabling/disabling is only permitted
in the shift mode with the highest maximum allowable range. If you
have a higher range set of gears in secondary mode than in primary
mode to enable Prognostics, push the MODE button so the mode
light is illuminated first.
NOTE: The three Prognostics functions, Oil Life Monitor (OM),
Filter Life Monitor (FM), and Transmission Health Monitor (TM), are
enabled or disabled as a package and cannot be enabled or disabled
individually.
5.9.5 SETTING FLUID TYPE FOR PROGNOSTICS. To select transmission
fluid type do the following:
• With the engine off and the ignition on, perform the following sequence
on the selector, NRNDNRNDNRNDN.
The wrench icon flashes if TES 389 is the current setting and illuminates
solidly if TES 295 is the current setting. To change the transmission fluid type,
wait 5 seconds after entering transmission fluid type mode and perform one of
the following sequences to select the proper transmission fluid type:
• N (Neutral) R (Reverse) N (Neutral) to select TES 295 (the wrench icon
illuminates solidly showing TES 295 has been selected).
• N (Neutral) D (Drive) N (Neutral) to select TES 389 (the wrench icon
begins to flash showing TES 389 has been selected).
The selector exits 30 seconds after entering transmission fluid type mode or
the ignition may be turned off to exit earlier. Only one transmission fluid type
selection may be made after entering transmission fluid type mode. All other
attempts will be ignored. Transmission fluid type mode needs to be entered
again if the wrong type of transmission fluid is selected.
5.9.6 OIL LIFE MONITOR (OM). Based on the vehicle’s duty cycle, this
feature determines fluid life and alerts you when a fluid change is required.
Not only does it help you get maximum fluid life while providing the maximum
protection for the transmission, the OM also saves you money by preventing
unnecessary fluid changes.
Oil life is calculated based on hours of engine and transmission operation.
Miles are approximated from the hours and calibrated information. The
number of shifts per mile (shift density) determines the duty cycle of the
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transmission and the oil life limits are based on the observed duty cycle. Hours
are accumulated when the engine is running, including when the vehicle is
stationary for Power Takeoff (PTO) operation, or for extended idle time.
NOTE: Oil life is continuously calculated on the following cumulative
effects:
• Operating hours
• Output revolutions
• Shift density (shifts per mile)
• Retarder accumulator applies (if equipped)
5.9.6.1 FLUID CHANGE NOTIFICATION
The wrench icon illuminates when remaining fluid life reaches 1%. Afterwards,
every time the vehicle is started and D (Drive) is selected the wrench icon
illuminates again and stays on for two minutes to remind the operator a fluid
change is needed. This occurs until service is performed and the OM is reset.
NOTE: If the OM mode has been accessed via the shift selector, a
number between 0 and 99 is displayed indicating the percentage of
fluid life remaining before a change is required.
Calendar based fluid requirements still apply with OM (refer to 5.0 CARE
AND MAINTENANCE). If the OM has not indicated the need for a fluid
change before 60 months for TES 295 fluid, or 24 months for TES 389 fluid,
it is necessary to change the fluid and filters per calendar requirements and
then reset the OM. Calendar requirements are not required if a fluid analysis
program is in place. Refer to 5.6 FLUID ANALYSIS.
5.9.6.2 READ AND RESET OIL LIFE MONITOR (OM) FROM SELECTOR
READ OM. With engine off and ignition on, push the DISPLAY
MODE/DIAGNOSTIC (DMD) button twice on the lever selector to enter OM
mode. With engine off and ignition on, push the ↑ (Upshift) and ↓ (Downshift)
arrows simultaneously twice on the keypad pushbutton selector to enter OM
mode. The oil life left is displayed as a percentage between 0 and 99 in the
shift selector display window.
RESET OM. The OM may be reset back to 99% by either of these methods:
• Display the OM information and press and hold the DISPLAY
MODE/DIAGNOSTIC (DMD) button for 10 seconds.
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• With the ignition on and the engine off, shift between NDNDNRN
to reset the value displayed to 99 pausing no more than 3 seconds
between consecutive shifts.
The wrench icon illuminates briefly following a reset to acknowledge the reset
was successful.
RESET with Allison DOC® For PCService Tool. If the value displayed remains
unchanged, then it is possible the reset may be restricted to Allison DOC® For
PCService Tool only.
HISTORY. Allison DOC® For PC–Service Tool may also be used to review
reset history and the mileage recorded at the time of reset. Fluid life remaining
will be displayed from 100% down to –100% when viewing records in the
service tool. A negative % indicates how far past due it is on the oil change.
A historical record of the last six resets, including mileage at the time of
each reset, may also be viewed using the Allison DOC® For PCService Tool
Diagnostics Program.
DTC P0897 . If transmission maintenance continues to be unattended, the
CHECK TRANS light illuminates and DTC P0897, Transmission Fluid at
Limit, sets.
CAUTION: Transmission fluid and filter change frequency is
determined by the severity of transmission service. To help avoid
transmission damage, more frequent changes may be necessary
than recommended in the general guidelines due to operating
conditions and duty cycle.
For the appropriate recommended change interval guidelines for your specific
transmission configuration, refer to Table 5–6, Table 5–7 or Table 5–8.
5.9.7 FILTER LIFE MONITOR (FM). This feature provides an alert when the
transmission’s fluid filters need to be replaced. It helps extend filter change
intervals to reduce routine maintenance downtime and saves you money in
the long run, all while providing maximum protection for the transmission. The
Filter Life Indicator (FLI) pressure switch signals the TCM when fluid exiting
the main filter drops below a predetermined pressure. Both the main and
lube filters must be changed when the wrench icon in the selector display
indicates the main filter should be changed. The differential pressure limit is
verified for a period of time to be sure there is no false indication of the need
to change filters.
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5.9.7.1 FILTER CHANGE NOTIFICATION
The wrench icon flashes on and off for 2 minutes after D (Drive) is selected.
Once the Filter Life Monitor (FM) mode has been accessed via the shift
selector, The “oK” or “Lo” message is displayed in the selector display window.
“oK” means the filters do not need to be changed, and “Lo” means the filters
need to be changed.
DTC P088A, Deteriorated Filter, sets along with the wrench icon illuminating
for filter restriction but this DTC does not illuminate the CHECK TRANS light.
DTC P088B, Very Deteriorated Filter, illuminates the CHECK TRANS light
if filter service is not performed within a certain period of time of the wrench
icon illuminating.
5.9.7.2 READ AND RESET FILTER LIFE MONITOR (FM ) FROM
SELECTOR
Read FM. With engine off and ignition on, push the DISPLAY
MODE/DIAGNOSTIC (DMD) button three times on the lever selector to
enter FM mode. With engine off and ignition on, push the ↑ (Upshift) and
↓ (Downshift) arrows simultaneously three times on the keypad pushbutton
selector to enter FM mode.
The message “oK” or “Lo” is displayed in the selector display window. The
message “oK” means the filters do not need to be changed, and “Lo” means
the filters need to be changed.
Reset FM. The FM automatically resets once the new filters have been
installed and the Filter Life Indicator (FLI) pressure switch no longer detects
low pressure at the filter.
The FM can also be reset manually by either of these methods:
• Press and hold the MODE button for 10 seconds while in FM mode.
• With ignition on and engine off, shift between NRNRNDN to reset
the FM, pausing no more than 3 seconds between consecutive shifts.
The wrench icon illuminates briefly following a reset to acknowledge the reset
was successful.
If the value displayed remains unchanged, it is possible the reset may be
restricted to Allison DOC® For PCService Tool only. The FM still resets
automatically even if restricted from manual reset through the selector.
History. Allison DOC® For PCService Tool Diagnostics Program may be
used to display the amount of transmission operation from the initial service
indication until the filter reset occurred. Allison DOC® For PCService Tool
indicates the FM as Expired “YES“ or “NO”.
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CAUTION: Transmission fluid and filter change frequency is
determined by the severity of transmission service. To help avoid
transmission damage, more frequent changes may be necessary
than recommended in the general guidelines due to operating
conditions and duty cycle.
For the appropriate recommended change interval guidelines for your specific
transmission configuration, refer to Table 5–6, Table 5–7 or Table 5–8.
5.9.8 TRANSMISSION HEALTH MONITOR (TM). This prognostic feature
determines clutch life status of the transmission’s clutches and alerts you when
clutch maintenance is required. It helps avoid costly repairs and downtime by
taking the guesswork out of scheduling routine transmission maintenance,
and it ensures your transmission is operating at its maximum performance
level. The clutch life status is determined by monitoring the cumulative
changes and the calculated running clearance of the transmission clutches.
5.9.8.1 CLUTCH MAINTENANCE NOTIFICATION
The TM feature determines when clutch maintenance is needed. If any of the
clutches (except lockup) reaches a remaining life of approximately 10% or
if any of the clutch running clearances (except lockup) exceeds a maximum
value, then the wrench icon in the selector is steadily illuminated from just
after ignition on until ignition is turned off. If TM mode has been accessed via
the shift selector, an “oK” or “Lo” is displayed. The “oK” message means no
clutch maintenance is needed, and the “Lo” message means an unacceptable
clutch life status exists and clutch maintenance is required.
DTC P2789, Clutch Adaptive Learning at Limit, sets if multiple warnings have
occurred due to the TM actively detecting issues with the clutch system and
illuminating the CHECK TRANS light.
5.9.8.2 READ AND RESET TM FROM SELECTOR
Read TM. With engine off and ignition on, push the DISPLAY
MODE/DIAGNOSTIC (DMD) button four times on the lever selector to
enter TM mode. With engine off and ignition on, push the ↑ (Upshift) and
↓ (Downshift) arrows simultaneously four times on the keypad pushbutton
selector to enter TM mode.
The message “oK” or “Lo” is displayed in the selector display window. The
message “oK” means clutch system maintenance is not required at this time.
The message of “Lo” means clutch system maintenance is required.
Reset. The TM feature automatically resets when appropriate conditions are
detected. TM can only be manually reset using Allison DOC® For PCService
73
Tool. When resetting TM with the service tool, individual clutches or all
clutches can be reset. Operator reset through the shift selector is not allowed.
History. The Allison DOC® For PC–Service Tool may be used to display
the amount of transmission operation from the initial service indication until
the service reset. The Allison DOC® For PCService Tool also displays “OK”
or “Not OK” for each clutch.
5.9.9 FLUID AND FILTER CHANGE INTERVAL RECOMMENDATIONS .
CAUTION: Transmission fluid and filter change frequency is
determined by the severity of transmission service. To help avoid
transmission damage, more frequent changes may be necessary
than recommended in the general guidelines due to operating
conditions and duty cycle.
For the appropriate recommended change interval guidelines for your specific
transmission configuration, refer to Table 5–6, Table 5–7 or Table 5–8.
CAUTION: Transmission fluid and filters must be changed
whenever there is evidence of dirt or high temperature conditions. A
high temperature condition is indicated when the transmission fluid is
discolored, has a strong odor, or has exceeded oil analysis limits.
There are three methods recommended by Allison Transmission to help you
determine when to change the fluid and filters in your Allison transmission.
The methods are as follows:
• When a Prognostics indicator becomes active (shown by illuminating
the wrench icon between the SELECT and MONITOR display in
all Allison Transmission 4th Generation with Prognostics keypad
pushbutton and lever selectors).
• When recommendations listed in the Fluid and Filter Change Interval
Tables are met. Refer to Table 5–6, Table 5–7, or Table 5–8.
• When a fluid analysis program indicates a fluid change is necessary.
Filter changes must still occur based on either of the events occurring
above.
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5.9.9.1 FLUID AND FILTER CHANGE INTERVAL SCHEDULES WITH
PROGNOSTICS TURNED ON
NOTE: Calendar based change intervals must still be adhered to for
both fluid and filter changes even if Prognostics has not indicated to
the operator for either fluid or filter maintenance yet, unless fluid
analysis is used. If maintenance is done because the fluid or filters
reached the calendar based change interval, the OM and FM should
be manually reset at that time. Refer to 5.9.6 OIL LIFE MONITOR
(OM) and 5.9.7 FILTER LIFE MONITOR (FM).
NOTE: Allison Transmission High Capacity filters are required in
order to use Filter Life Monitor (FM) feature with Prognostics on
maintenance schedule as shown in Table 5–6.
NOTE: Either TES 295 or TES 389 fluid types are required to use the
OM feature with Prognostics on. A mixture of TES 389 and TES 295
fluid must continue to use the TES 389 fluid change intervals until
two fluid changes with only TES 295 fluid have occurred, at which
time the TES 295 schedule may be used.
NOTE: Look at OM % left and/or fluid condition at the time of filter
change to determine if it is in the best interest of the customer to
change the fluid.
75
Table 5–6. Prognostics On Fluid and Filter Change Intervals
Fluid Change Intervals High Capacity** Main Suction
and Lube Filter Filter
Change Intervals Assembly
Change
Interval
Whichever is first of the Whichever is first of
following: the following:
• If the wrench icon • If the wrench
in the selector icon in the
is illuminated selector is
TES 295 steady for 2 flashing on and At time of
Fluids* (includes minutes after D off for 2 minutes transmission
TranSynd®) (Drive) is selected after D (Drive) overhaul
• 60 calendar selected
months** • Any time the
fluid is changed
NOTE: Always replace
main and lube filters with • 60 calendar
the fluid change**. months**
Whichever is first of the Whichever is first of
following: the following:
• If the wrench icon • If the wrench
in the selector icon in the
is illuminated selector is
steady for 2 flashing on and At time of
TES 389 Fluids* minutes after D off for 2 minutes transmission
(Drive) is selected after D (Drive) overhaul
• 24 calendar selected
months** • Any time the
fluid is changed
NOTE: Always replace
main and lube filters with • 24 calendar
the fluid change**. months**
NOTE: TES 389 fluid type choice for prognostics is available only if TCM has a 4C or
later CIN; all 4A CINs must use TES 295 fluid only if prognostics is enabled and ON.
* Either TES 295 or TES 389 fluid types are required to use the Oil Life Monitor (OM) feature
with Prognostics on as shown in this table. A mixture of TES 389 and TES 295 fluid must
continue to use the TES 389 schedule shown in this table until two fluid changes with only
TES 295 fluid have occurred, at which time the TES 295 schedule may be used.
**
Allison Transmission High Capacity filters are required in order to use the Filter Life Monitor
(FM) feature with Prognostics as shown in this table.
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5.9.9.2 FLUID AND FILTER CHANGE INTERVAL SCHEDULES WITH
PROGNOSTICS DISABLED OR TURNED OFF
NOTE: A mixture of TES 389 and TES 295 fluid must continue to use
the TES 389 fluid change intervals until two fluid changes with only
TES 295 fluid have occurred, at which time the TES 295 schedule
may be used.
CAUTION: Transmission fluid and filter change frequency is
determined by the severity of transmission service. To help avoid
transmission damage, more frequent changes may be necessary
than recommended in the general guidelines due to operating
conditions and duty cycle.
For the appropriate recommended change interval guidelines for your specific
transmission configuration, refer to Table 5–6, Table 5–7 or Table 5–8.
NOTE: Change fluid/filters at or before recommended mileage,
months, or hours have elapsed, whichever occurs first. For vehicles
that average less than 40 km/h (25 mph), operating hours represent
a more reliable measure of fluid life; therefore, fluid change intervals
should not be based on mileage only.
77
Table 5–7. Prognostics Disabled or Turned Off Fluid and
Filter Change Intervals
General Vocation* Refer to Table 5–8 for additional information
on severe vocations.
Fluid Change Intervals High Capacity Suction
Main*** and Lube Filter
Filter Change Assembly
Intervals Change
Interval
Whichever is first of the Whichever is first of
following: the following:
• 480 000 km • Any time the
(300,000 miles) fluid is changed
TES 295 • 6000 hours of • 120 000 km At time of
Fluids** (includes operation (75,000 miles) transmission
TranSynd®) • 48 calendar • 3000 hours of overhaul
months operation
NOTE: Always replace • 36 calendar
main and lube filters with months
the fluid change***.
Whichever is first of Whichever is first of
following: the following:
• 40 000 km • Any time the
(25,000 miles) fluid is changed
• 1000 hours of • 40 000 km At time of
TES 389
operation (25,000 miles) transmission
Fluids**
• 12 calendar • 1000 hours of overhaul
months operation
NOTE: Always replace • 12 calendar
main and lube filters with months
the fluid change***.
* General Vocation includes all nonretarder transmissions not identified as severe, and
intercity coaches with duty cycles of less than one stop per mile.
**A mixture of TES 389 and TES 295 fluid must continue to use the TES 389 schedule shown
in this table until two fluid changes with only TES 295 fluid have occurred, at which time the
TES 295 schedule may be used.
***This information is based on using Allison Transmission High Capacity filters and a TES
389 or TES 295 fluid type with Prognostics Features not available or turned off.
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Table 5–8. Prognostics Disabled or Turned Off Fluid and
Filter Change Intervals
Severe Vocation*
Fluid Change Intervals High Capacity **Main Suction
and Lube Filter Filter
Change Intervals Assembly
Change
Interval
Whichever is first of the Whichever is first of
following: the following:
• 240 000 km • Any time the
(150,00 miles) fluid is changed
TES 295 • 6000 hours of • 120 000 km At time of
Fluids*** (includes operation (75,000 miles) transmission
TranSynd®) • 48 calendar • 3000 hours of overhaul
months operation
NOTE: Always replace • 36 calendar
main and lube filters with months
the fluid change**.
Whichever is first of the Whichever is first of
following: the following:
• 20 000 km • Any time the
(12,000 miles) fluid is changed
• 500 hours of • 20 000 km At time of
TES 389
operation (12,000 miles) transmission
Fluids***
• 6 calendar • 500 hours of overhaul
months operation
NOTE: Always replace • 6 calendar
main and lube filters with months
the fluid change **.
* Severe Vocation includes all retarder equipped transmissions, or vocations for On/Off
Highway, Refuse, Transit, and Intercity Coach with duty cycle greater than one (1) stop per
mile.
** This information is based on using Allison Transmission High Capacity filters and a TES 389
or TES 295 fluid type with Prognostics Features not available or turned off.
*** A mixture of TES 389 and TES 295 fluid must continue to use the TES 389 schedule
shown in this table until two fluid changes with only TES 295 fluid have occurred, at which
time the TES 295 schedule may be used.
79
5.9.9.3 FLUID AND FILTER CHANGE PROCEDURE
NOTE: Do not drain the transmission fluid if only filters are being
replaced.
WARNING: Avoid contact with the hot fluid or the sump when
draining transmission fluid. Direct contact with the hot fluid or the hot
sump may result in bodily injury.
Drain Fluid
1. Drain the fluid when the transmission is at operating temperature
of 71–93°C (160–200°F). Hot fluid flows quicker and drains more
completely.
2. Remove the drain plug from the control module and allow the fluid to
drain into a suitable container.
3. Examine the fluid for contamination.
NOTE: At each fluid change, examine the drained fluid for evidence
of dirt or water. A normal amount of condensation appears in the
fluid during operation.
Replace Filters (Refer to Figure 5–5).
1. Remove 12 bolts (1), two filter covers (2), two gaskets (3), two Orings
(4), two Orings (5), and two filters (6) from the bottom of the control
module.
2. When reinstalling parts, lubricate and install new Orings (4) and (5) on
each cover (2). Lubricate Oring inside filter (6) and push filter onto
cover (2). Install new gaskets (3) on cover (2) and align holes in gaskets
with holes in cover.
CAUTION: Do not use the bolts to draw the filter covers to the control
module. Do not use an impact wrench to tighten the bolts. Using an
impact wrench to tighten the bolts may cause stripped threads and
expensive parts replacement. Use a torque wrench to tighten the
bolts.
80
Figure 5–5. Location of Filters for Service
3. Install filter and cover assemblies into the filter compartment. Align each
filter/cover assembly with the holes in the channel plate/sump. Push the
cover assemblies in by hand to seat the seals.
4. Install 12 bolts into cover and tighten to 51–61 N•m (38–45 lb ft).
5. Replace the drain plug Oring. Install the plug and tighten to 25–32
N•m (18–24 lb ft).
5.9.9.4 REFILL TRANSMISSION
Refer to 5.7 TRANSMISSION FLUID REFILL.
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6.0 DIAGNOSTICS
6.1 OVERVIEW
Diagnostic features are provided with the transmission control system to
assist in troubleshooting of malfunctions and/or the monitoring of specific
operating parameters. When a control system malfunction is detected, a
series of Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) are used to identify and clarify the
nature of the malfunction. These DTCs are each named by a 5 character
alphanumeric string that refers to a diagnostic algorithm running pass/fail
tests to help identify a malfunction in the transmission or vehicle operation.
Most DTCs have some kind of diagnostic response that the operator notices,
such as an illuminated CHECK TRANS light, selector display change, lock
in range, or inhibit shifts condition.
DTCs are logged in the Transmission Control Module (TCM) memory by
severity and by their active/inactive status with the most severe and active
codes listed first. A maximum of five DTCs (numbered d1–d5) from most
recent to oldest may be read from the shift selector. As DTCs are added, the
oldest inactive DTC (historic) is dropped from the list. If all DTCs are active,
the DTC with the lowest priority is dropped from the list.
An active code is any code that is current in the TCM decisionmaking
process and has failed the DTC test(s) associated with that specific diagnostic
algorithm. Historical codes, which are by definition inactive, are codes that
are no longer failing their algorithm but are retained in the TCM in order to
help the technician analyze possible causes and provide them direction if the
vehicle is brought in before they are cleared from the queue.
DTCs can be cleared manually by the operator or they clear automatically
from last (d5) to first (d1) in the queue after a number of engine starts, without
becoming active again.
6.2 DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE RESPONSE
The electronic control system is programmed to inform the operator of a
problem with the transmission system via the CHECK TRANS light and shift
82
selector display while it automatically takes action to protect the operator,
vehicle, and transmission. When the Transmission Control Module (TCM)
flags a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) as active, the TCM may take a
combination of diagnostic responses as listed in the table below. Refer to
Table 6–1.
Table 6–1. Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Response
Category of Actions Taken
Response
Release lockup (LU) clutch and inhibit LU operation
Inhibit shifts from the current attained range
Turn on the CHECK TRANS light
Do Not Shift Display the current attained range in the MONITOR window of
(DNS) the shift selector
Blank the SELECT window of the shift selector
Disable ability for shift selectors to respond to any range
change request from the operator using the shift selector(s).
All solenoids are commanded off resulting in hydraulic default
Solenoids OFF
operation of the transmission PCS1 and PCS2 are on
(SOL OFF)
hydraulically when off electrically.
Return to When speed sensor ratio or PS1 tests do not pass, the TCM
Previous Range commands the same range as commanded before the shift.
(RPR)
Neutral No When certain speed sensor ratio or PS1 tests do not pass, the
Clutches (NNC) TCM commands a neutral condition with no clutches applied.
Do Not Adapt The TCM stops adaptive shift control while the code is active.
(DNA)
6.2.1 CHECK TRANS LIGHT. Each time the engine is started, the CHECK
TRANS light illuminates briefly for a bulb check. After a few seconds it should
turn off. If the CHECK TRANS light does not illuminate briefly after the ignition
is turned on, or if the CHECK TRANS light remains steadily on after ignition
and engine start, have the vehicle and transmission system checked by a
qualified Allison Transmission technician.
If the CHECK TRANS light is steadily illuminated due to an active DTC, the
shift selector blanks the SELECT and only shows a range the transmission
has locked into in the MONITOR window of the selector, seek immediate
attention from a qualified Allison Transmission technician. Perform service
as soon as possible in order to minimize the potential for damage to the
83
transmission or vehicle. The transmission can be operated for a short time
in the current attained range in order to get the vehicle to a safe location
for service assistance. If the vehicle engine is turned off, prepare for the
possibility that at engine restart the transmission may be locked in N (Neutral)
and will not accept operator requests to change range if a DTC that causes a
CHECK TRANS light is active at time of engine restart.
NOTE: Some DTCs may be logged without the TCM activating the
CHECK TRANS light. Contact your Allison Transmission authorized
service outlet whenever there is a transmissionrelated concern.
They have the equipment to access and troubleshoot DTCs.
6.3 USING SHIFT SELECTOR FOR ACCESSING
DIAGNOSTICS INFORMATION
6.3.1 INTERPRETING DTC MESSAGE SEQUENCE ACROSS SELECTOR
DISPLAYS. Up to five DTCs may be displayed from the selector once
the diagnostic display mode has been initiated by the operator (refer to
6.3.3 READ/CLEAR DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) USING LEVER
SHIFT SELECTOR, and 6.3.4 READ/CLEAR DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE
CODES (DTCs) USING KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR).
DTCs are seven characters in length and are displayed in four character
strings. Three of the four character strings consist of two characters. The first
position in the character string is one character in length and it is the code
type, designated by a P or U.
Each character string displays for 12 seconds in a sequential pattern in the
selector display until the DTC completes the message cycle. The message
continues to repeat itself until the operator presses the MODE button to
read the next DTC in the queue (if any) or requests to exit diagnostics mode
(refer to 6.3.3.4 EXITING DIAGNOSTIC MODE USING LEVER SHIFT
SELECTOR and 6.3.4.4 EXITING DIAGNOSTIC MODE USING KEYPAD
PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR). The diagnostics mode times out and
returns the selector to normal operating mode after approximately 10 minutes
of operator inactivity.
The first two characters in the first string displays the position of the DTC in
the queue, d1 (newest) through d5 (oldest). The next five characters that
display in the selector define the DTC.
The following example illustrates the method for displaying any DTC stored in
the queue. In this example we have the newest code, d1, as it would appear
in the selector display for DTC P2534:
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Table 6–2. Displaying DTC P2534 Stored in the Queue
RANGE SELECT WINDOW RANGE MONITOR WINDOW
d* 1*
(blank display) P**
2*** 5***
3**** 4****
*
d1 Code list position (Note: d1=newest code, d5=oldest code in memory)
** Code type
***
Main code
****
Sub code
• d1; P; 25; 34 repeats until the next DTC (d2) is accessed by pressing
the MODE button or when the operator exits diagnostic display mode.
NOTE: The MODE indicator on the selector, (refer to Figure 4–1),
will be illuminated simultaneously with the display of the DTC. If
the DTC is currently active, the MODE indicator is not illuminated
then the DTC is inactive (historic). Inactive DTCs will not inhibit or
limit transmission performance. Only active DTCs limit transmission
performance. The inactive codes kept in the queue for reference to
assist with troubleshooting an intermittent problem.
The next example shows the display of DTC U0115 which is next in the queue
(d2), after the operator pressed the MODE button.
Table 6–3. Displaying DTC U0115 Stored in the Queue
RANGE SELECT WINDOW RANGE MONITOR WINDOW
d* 2*
(blank display) U**
0*** 1***
1**** 5****
* d2 Code list position (Note: d1=newest code, d5=oldest code in memory)
** Code type
*** Main code
**** Sub code
• d2; U; 01; 15 repeats until the next DTC (d3) is accessed by pressing
the MODE button or when the operator exits diagnostic display mode.
Refer to 6.3.4.4 EXITING DIAGNOSTIC MODE USING KEYPAD
PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR.
85
6.3.2 MEANING OF MODE INDICATOR IN DIAGNOSTIC MODE. If the
MODE indicator is illuminated (refer to Figure 4–1), while reading DTCs out of
the selector display, the displayed DTC is active. If the MODE indicator is not
illuminated, the displayed DTC is inactive (historic).
NOTE: An illuminated MODE indicator while driving the vehicle does
not mean there is an active DTC, this means a secondary shift
schedule, typically an economy shift schedule, is active.
6.3.3 READ/CLEAR DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) USING
LEVER SHIFT SELECTOR.
6.3.3.1 READING DTCs WITH PROGNOSTICS ON USING LEVER SHIFT
SELECTOR
• To read DTCs with prognostics on using the lever shift selector, press
the DISPLAY MODE/DIAGNOSTIC (DMD) button five times to enter
diagnostic mode.
• Press the MODE button to read the next DTC in the queue, if any.
6.3.3.2 READING DTCs WITH PROGNOSTICS OFF USING LEVER SHIFT
SELECTOR
• To read DTCs with prognostics off using the lever shift selector, press
the DISPLAY MODE/DIAGNOSTIC (DMD) button two times to enter
diagnostic mode.
• Press the MODE button to read the next DTC in the queue, if any.
NOTE: Be sure to record all displayed DTCs before they are cleared.
This is essential for troubleshooting.
6.3.3.3 CLEARING DTCs USING LEVER SHIFT SELECTOR
While in diagnostic mode, clear all active DTCs by pressing and holding the
MODE button for approximately three seconds until the MODE indicator
flashes. Release the MODE button. The MODE indicator should not remain
illuminated if the active DTC shown in the display has cleared.
To clear all stored DTCs that are stored in TCM history, press and hold the
MODE button for ten seconds. The MODE indicator flashes a second time
indicating all codes are cleared from the queue.
86
NOTE: Any codes that cause the CHECK TRANS light to illuminate
are considered severe enough to warrant immediate attention from a
qualified repair facility. Schedule repair as soon as possible.
NOTE: If an active DTC is cleared while the transmission is locked
in range because of the diagnostic response to an active DTC, the
transmission remains in that locked range even after clearing the
active DTC. N (Neutral) must be manually selected or the ignition
must be cycled.
NOTE: Some codes will selfclear once the conditions that caused
the active code are not present, they will still be stored as inactive
in the DTC queue. Some DTCs require an ignition cycle before they
can be cleared from active status.
NOTE: If the condition(s) that caused the active code are still present,
the code becomes active again.
6.3.3.4 EXITING DIAGNOSTIC MODE USING LEVER SHIFT SELECTOR
The operator can request to exit the diagnostic mode by one of the following
methods:
• Momentarily press the MODE button once
• Moving the lever shift selector to any range
• Automatically leaves diagnostic mode after approximately ten minutes
of operator inactivity at the lever shift selector, returning the lever shift
selector back to a normal operating mode
6.3.4 READ/CLEAR DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) USING
KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR.
6.3.4.1 READING DTCs WITH PROGNOSTICS ON USING KEYPAD
PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR
• To read DTCs with prognostics on using the keypad pushbutton shift
selector, simultaneously press the ↑ (Upshift) and ↓ (Downshift) arrows
five times to enter diagnostic mode.
• Press the MODE button to read the next code in the queue, if any.
87
6.3.4.2 READING DTCs WITH PROGNOSTICS OFF USING KEYPAD
PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR
• To read DTCs with prognostics off using the keypad pushbutton shift
selector, simultaneously press the ↑ (Upshift) and ↓ (Downshift) arrows
two times to enter diagnostic mode.
• Press the MODE button to read the next code in the queue, if any.
NOTE: Be sure to record all DTCs displayed before they are cleared.
This is essential for troubleshooting.
6.3.4.3 CLEARING DTCs USING KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON SHIFT
SELECTOR
While in diagnostic mode, clear all active codes by pressing and holding the
MODE button for approximately three seconds until the MODE indicator
flashes. Release the MODE button. The MODE indicator should not remain
illuminated if the active DTC shown in the display has cleared.
To clear all stored DTCs press and hold the MODE button for ten seconds.
The MODE indicator flashes a second time indicating all codes are cleared
from the queue.
NOTE: Any codes that cause the CHECK TRANS light are
considered severe enough to warrant immediate attention from a
qualified repair facility. Schedule repair as soon as possible.
NOTE: If an active indicator is cleared while the transmission is
locked in range because of the diagnostic response to an active
DTC, the transmission remains in that locked range even after
clearing the active indicator. N (Neutral) must be manually selected
or the ignition must be cycled.
NOTE: Some codes will selfclear once the conditions that caused
the active code are not present, they will still be stored as inactive
in the DTC queue. Some DTCs require an ignition cycle before they
can be cleared from active status.
NOTE: If the condition(s) that caused the active code are still present,
the code becomes active again.
88
6.3.4.4 EXITING DIAGNOSTIC MODE USING KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON
SHIFT SELECTOR
The operator can request to exit the diagnostic mode by one of the following
methods:
• Momentarily press the ↑ (Upshift) and ↓ (Downshift) arrows once
• Press any range button, D (Drive), N (Neutral), R (Reverse)
• Automatically exits diagnostic mode and returns to normal operating
mode after approximately 10 minutes of operator inactivity at the
pushbutton shift selector.
6.3.4.5 DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE (DTC) LIST AND DESCRIPTION
Table 6–4. Diagnostic Troubleshooting Codes (DTC) and Descriptions
DTC Description CHECK Inhibited Operation
TRANS Description
Light
C1312 Retarder Request Sensor No May inhibit retarder
Failed Low operation if not using
J1939 datalink
C1313 Retarder Request Sensor No May inhibit retarder
Failed High operation if not using
J1939 datalink
P0122 Pedal Position Sensor No Use default throttle values.
Low Voltage Freezes shift adapts.
P0123 Pedal Position Sensor No Use default throttle values.
High Voltage Freezes shift adapts.
P0128 Transmission Fluid Over No Use hot mode shift
Temperature schedule. Holds fourth
range. TCM is inhibited.
Freezes shift adapts.
P0602 TCMNot Programmed Yes Lock in Neutral
P0610 TCM Vehicle Options Yes Use TID A calibration
(TransID) Error
P0613 TCM Processor No All solenoids off
P0614 Torque Control Data Yes Allows operation only in
Mismatch—ECM/TCM reverse and second range
P0634 TCM Internal Yes SOL OFF (hydraulic default)
Temperature Too High
89
Table 6–4. Diagnostic Troubleshooting Codes (DTC) and
Descriptions (cont’d)
DTC Description CHECK Inhibited Operation
TRANS Description
Light
P063E Auto Configuration Yes Use default throttle values
Throttle Input Not Present
P063F Auto Configuration No None
Engine Coolant Temp
Input Not Present
P0658 Actuator Supply Voltage 1 Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
(HSD1) Low default)
P0659 Actuator Supply Voltage 1 Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
(HSD1) High default)
P0702 Transmission Control Yes Uses TID A calibration
System Electrical
(TransID)
P0703 Brake Switch Circuit No No Neutral to Drive shifts
Malfunction for refuse packer. TCM
inhibits retarder operation if
a TPS code is also active.
P0708 Transmission Range Yes Ignore defective strip
Sensor Circuit High Input selector inputs
P070C Transmission Fluid Level No None
Sensor Circuit—Low Input
P070D Transmission Fluid Level No None
Sensor Circuit—High
Input
P0711 Transmission Fluid Yes Use default sump temp
Temperature Sensor
Circuit Performance
P0712 Transmission Fluid Yes Use default sump temp
Temperature Sensor
Circuit Low Input
P0713 Transmission Fluid Yes Use default sump temp
Temperature Sensor
Circuit High Input
P0716 Turbine Speed Sensor Yes DNS, Lock in current range
Circuit Performance
90
Table 6–4. Diagnostic Troubleshooting Codes (DTC) and
Descriptions (cont’d)
DTC Description CHECK Inhibited Operation
TRANS Description
Light
P0717 Turbine Speed Sensor Yes DNS, Lock in current range
Circuit No Signal
P0719 Brake Switch ABS Input No TCM assumes ABS is OFF
Low
P071A RELS Input Failed On Yes Inhibit RELS operation
P071D General Purpose Input Yes None
Fault
P0721 Output Speed Sensor Yes DNS, Lock in current range
Circuit Performance
P0722 Output Speed Sensor Yes DNS, Lock in current range
Circuit No Signal
P0726 Engine Speed Sensor No Default to turbine speed
Circuit Performance
P0727 Engine Speed Sensor No Default to turbine speed
Circuit No Signal
P0729 Incorrect 6th Gear Ratio Yes DNS, Attempt 5th, then 3rd
P0731 Incorrect 1st Gear Ratio Yes DNS, Attempt 2nd, then 5th
P0732 Incorrect 2nd Gear Ratio Yes DNS, Attempt 3rd, then 5th
P0733 Incorrect 3rd Gear Ratio Yes DNS, Attempt 4th, then 6th
P0734 Incorrect 4th Gear Ratio Yes DNS, Attempt 5th, then 3rd
P0735 Incorrect 5th Gear Ratio Yes DNS, Attempt 6th, then 3rd,
then 2nd
P0736 Incorrect Reverse Gear Yes DNS, Lock in Neutral
Ratio
P0741 Torque Converter Clutch Yes None
System Stuck Off
P0776 Pressure Control Yes DNS, RPR
Solenoid 2 Stuck Off
P0777 Pressure Control Yes DNS, RPR
Solenoid 2 Stuck On
91
Table 6–4. Diagnostic Troubleshooting Codes (DTC) and
Descriptions (cont’d)
DTC Description CHECK Inhibited Operation
TRANS Description
Light
P0796 Pressure Control Yes DNS, RPR
Solenoid 3 Stuck Off
P0797 Pressure Control Yes DNS, RPR
Solenoid 3 Stuck On
P0842 Transmission Pressure Yes DNS, Lock in current range
Switch 1 Circuit Low
P0843 Transmission Pressure Yes DNS, Lock in current range
Switch 1 Circuit High
P0880 TCM Power Input Signal No None
P0881 TCM Power Input Signal No None
Performance
P0882 TCM Power Input Signal Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Low default)
P0883 TCM Power Input Signal No None
High
P0894 Transmission Component Yes DNS, Lock in first
Slipping
P0960 Pressure Control Yes None
Solenoid Main Mod
Control Circuit Open
P0962 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid Main Mod default)
Control Circuit Low
P0963 Pressure Control Yes None
Solenoid Main Mod
Control Circuit High
P0964 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 2 (PCS2) default)
Control Circuit Open
P0966 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 2 (PCS2) default)
Control Circuit Low
92
Table 6–4. Diagnostic Troubleshooting Codes (DTC) and
Descriptions (cont’d)
DTC Description CHECK Inhibited Operation
TRANS Description
Light
P0967 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 2 (PCS2) default)
Control Circuit High
P0968 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 3 (PCS3) default)
Control Circuit Open
P0970 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 3 (PCS3) default)
Control Circuit Low
P0971 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 3 (PCS3) default)
Control Circuit High
P0973 Shift Solenoid 1 (SS1) Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Control Circuit Low default)
P0974 Shift Solenoid 1 (SS1) Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Control Circuit High default)
P0975 Shift Solenoid 2 (SS2) Yes 7speed: Allow 2 through 6,
Control Circuit Open N, R
P0976 Shift Solenoid 2 (SS2) Yes 7speed: Allow 2 through 6,
Control Circuit Low N, R. Inhibit TCM operation
P0977 Shift Solenoid 2 (SS2) Yes 7speed: Allow 2 through 6,
Control Circuit High N, R
P0989 Retarder Pressure Sensor No None
Failed Low
P0990 Retarder Pressure Sensor No None
Failed High
P1739 Incorrect Low Gear Ratio Yes Command 2nd and allow
shifts 2 through 6, N, R
P1891 Throttle Position Sensor No Use default throttle values
PWM Signal Low Input
P1892 Throttle Position Sensor No Use default throttle values
PWM Signal High Input
93
Table 6–4. Diagnostic Troubleshooting Codes (DTC) and
Descriptions (cont’d)
DTC Description CHECK Inhibited Operation
TRANS Description
Light
P2814 Engine Coolant No Use default engine coolant
Temperature Sensor values
Circuit Low Input
P2815 Engine Coolant No Use default engine coolant
Temperature Sensor values
Circuit High Input
P2637 Torque Management Yes Inhibit SEM
Feedback Signal (SEM)
P2641 Torque Management Yes Inhibit LRTP
Feedback Signal (LRTP)
P2670 Actuator Supply Voltage 2 Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
(HSD2) Low default)
P2671 Actuator Supply Voltage 2 Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
(HSD2) High default)
P2685 Actuator Supply Voltage 3 Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
(HSD3) Low default)
P2686 Actuator Supply Voltage 3 Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
(HSD3) High default)
P2714 Pressure Control Yes DNS, RPR
Solenoid 4 (PCS4) Stuck
Off
P2715 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 4 (PCS4) Stuck default)
On
P2718 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 4 (PCS4) default)
Control Circuit Open
P2720 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 4 (PCS4) default)
Control Circuit Low
P2721 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 4 (PCS4) default)
Control Circuit High
94
Table 6–4. Diagnostic Troubleshooting Codes (DTC) and
Descriptions (cont’d)
DTC Description CHECK Inhibited Operation
TRANS Description
Light
P2723 Pressure Control Yes DNS, RPR
Solenoid 1 (PCS1) Stuck
Off
P2724 Pressure Control Yes DNS, RPR
Solenoid 1 (PCS1) Stuck
On
P2727 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 1 (PCS1) default)
Control Circuit Open
P2729 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 1 (PCS1) default)
Control Circuit Low
P2730 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 1 (PCS1) default)
Control Circuit High
P2736 Pressure Control Yes Inhibit retarder operation
Solenoid 5 (PCS5)
Control Circuit Open
P2738 Pressure Control Yes Allow 2 through 6, N, R.
Solenoid 5 (PCS5) Inhibit retarder and TCM
Control Circuit Low operation
P2739 Pressure Control Yes Inhibit retarder operation
Solenoid 5 (PCS5)
Control Circuit High
P2740 Retarder Oil Temperature No None
Hot
P2742 Retarder Oil Temperature No Use default retarder temp
Sensor Circuit—Low Input values
P2743 Retarder Oil Temperature No Use default retarder temp
Sensor Circuit—High values
Input
P2761 TCC PCS Control Circuit Yes Inhibit TCM operation
Open
95
Table 6–4. Diagnostic Troubleshooting Codes (DTC) and
Descriptions (cont’d)
DTC Description CHECK Inhibited Operation
TRANS Description
Light
P2763 TCM PCS Control Circuit Yes Inhibit TCM operation
High
P2764 TCM PCS Control Circuit Yes 7speed: allow 2 through 6,
Low N, R. Inhibit TCM operation
P278A Kickdown Input Failed ON No Inhibit kickdown operation
P2793 Gear Shift Direction Yes Ignores PWM input from
Circuit shift selector
P2808 Pressure Control Yes DNS, RPR
Solenoid 6 (PCS6) Stuck
Off
P2809 Pressure Control Yes DNS, RPR
Solenoid 6 (PCS6) Stuck
On
P2812 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 6 (PCS6) default)
Control Circuit Open
P2814 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 6 (PCS6) default)
Control Circuit Low
P2815 Pressure Control Yes DNS, SOL OFF (hydraulic
Solenoid 6 (PCS6) default)
Control Circuit High
U0001 Hi Speed CAN Bus No Use default values, inhibit
Reset Counter Overrun SEM
(IESCAN)
U0010 CAN BUS Reset Counter No Use default values, inhibit
Overrun SEM
U0100 Lost Communications Yes Use default values
with ECM/PCM (J1587)
U0103 Lost Communication With Yes Maintain range selected,
Gear Shift Module (Shift observe gear shift direction
Selector) 1 circuit
U0115 Lost Communication With Yes Use default values
ECM
96
Table 6–4. Diagnostic Troubleshooting Codes (DTC) and
Descriptions (cont’d)
DTC Description CHECK Inhibited Operation
TRANS Description
Light
U0291 Lost Communication With Yes Maintain range selected,
Gear Shift Module (Shift observe gear shift direction
Selector) 2 circuit
U0304 Incompatible Gear Shift Yes Ignore shift selector inputs
Module 1 (Shift Selector)
ID
U0333 Incompatible Gear Shift Yes Ignore shift selector inputs
Module 2 (Shift Selector)
ID
U0404 Invalid Data Received Yes Maintain range selected,
From Gear Shift Module observe gear shift direction
(Shift Selector) 1 circuit
U0592 Invalid Data Received Yes Maintain range selected,
From Gear Shift Module observe gear shift direction
(Shift Selector) 2 circuit
97
7.0 PROGNOSTICS SHIFT SELECTORS
COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS
7.1 SELECT/MONITOR DISPLAY
A twocharacter vacuum fluorescent bluegreen display is included on the face
of each lever and keypad pushbutton shift selector. The left character, called
the SELECT display appropriately designates N (Neutral), R (Reverse), or the
highest gear available of the selected forward range. The right character of
the display, called the MONITOR display, designates the actual gear being
commanded by the TCM. The display of any other character in the SELECT
or MONITOR display denotes a nonstandard operating condition.
7.2 BACKLIGHTING
During normal vehicle operation, backlighting is provided for the range legend
strip on the lever shift selector and for all six keypad buttons of the pushbutton
shift selector.
The digital (range) display, the MODE and RANGE buttons are illuminated
on the keypad pushbutton and lever shift selectors. The brightness of both
is adjusted automatically, depending upon the brightness setting of the dash
dimmer switch.
NOTE: The shift selector microprocessor, which controls the selector
backlighting, is initialized by an ignition signal and not by power in
the headlight circuit. Therefore, the shift selector backlighting and
dimmer are functional only when both the headlights and the ignition
are turned on.
When the headlights and dimmer are turned off, daylight conditions are
assumed and the selector lighting is restored to full brightness.
If the selector is not wired into the dimmer circuit, the Digital Range Display
is always at full brightness (as if the dash lights are off), but there is no
backlighting for the MODE and RANGE buttons. When illuminated, the
98
TRANS SERVICE (shown as a wrench icon) indicator on the shift selector is
at full brightness.
7.3 MODE BUTTON
The MODE button is located on the bezel face of the lever or keypad
pushbutton shift selector. The button can be pressed anytime after engine
start to activate the alternate shift schedule or special function.
The MODE button preforms the following functions:
• Activates a special function programmed into the TCM, which is typically
an alternate ECONOMY or PERFORMANCE shift schedule
• Toggles to the next DTC while in DTC display mode
• Clears (erases) active and inactive DTCs from TCM memory.
NOTE: DTCs cannot be cleared individually. All active DTCs clear
first, followed by the inactive (historic) DTCs, provided the MODE
button is pressed long enough while in the DTC display mode. Refer
to 6.0 DIAGNOSTICS for information and the procedure on reading
and clearing (erasing) DTCs.
A MODE ID is located near the MODE button to identify the purpose
associated with the MODE button selection. Refer to Figure 7–1 for the
location of the MODE button and MODE ID on a lever shift selector. These
items are located in similar positions on all keypad pushbutton shift selectors.
99
Figure 7–1. Typical Allison 4th Generation Prognostics Shift Selectors
100
7.4 MODE INDICATOR (LED)
A small red Light Emitting Diode (LED) located near the MODE button
illuminates when an alternate shift schedule, such as ECONOMY or other
programmed function, is activated.
This LED also illuminates while reading all active DTCs. Inactive (historic)
DTCs do not light the MODE indicator when they are shown in the selector
display window.
NOTE: Do not confuse the mode indicator lamp (red LED) with the
MODE button. The MODE indicator displays mode function, active
shift schedules or active, stored DTCs. Pushing on the indicator lamp
thinking it is the MODE button may damage the LED.
7.5 TRANS SERVICE INDICATOR (WRENCH ICON)
The TRANS SERVICE (wrench icon) indicator illuminates in the event a
service condition relating to a transmission clutch, fluid or filter life occurs. The
TRANS SERVICE indicator is located between the SELECT and MONITOR
displays on the shift selector display. Refer to Figure 7–2.
Figure 7–2. Typical Allison 4th Generation Prognostics
Controls Shift Selectors with SELECT, MONITOR Digital
Displays and Trans Service Indicator
101
For additional information regarding these conditions, refer to 5.9.6 OIL
LIFE MONITOR (OM), or 5.9.7 FILTER LIFE MONITOR (FM), or
5.9.8 TRANSMISSION HEALTH MONITOR (TM).
7.6 SELECTOR DISPLAY DESCRIPTIONS FOR ACTIVE
DTCs AND INHIBITS
RANGE SELECT Blank: With an active DTC, the SELECT display on the
shift selector is blank. The MONITOR display indicates the range in which the
transmission is locked. The CHECK TRANS light is also activated. Refer to
6.0 DIAGNOSTICS.
RANGE SELECT Flashing: The flashing display indicates a requested shift
is either temporarily or permanently inhibited. The inhibit may clear if the
cause of the inhibit clears within 3 seconds of the shift request. Otherwise, the
operator must reselect the desired range. Refer to 7.6 SELECTOR DISPLAY
DESCRIPTIONS FOR ACTIVE DTCs AND INHIBITS.
Wrench Icon Illuminated: This indicator is only functional if prognostics
are enabled in the TCM controls calibration. This indicator is illuminated
upon the detection of a service issue relating to clutch, filter, or fluid life.
The appearance of the indicator (lit steadily or flashing) varies for each of
the conditions monitored by the system. Refer to 7.5 TRANS SERVICE
INDICATOR (WRENCH ICON).
All Segments Illuminated: If all segments of the display are on for more than
12 seconds, the TCM has not completed initialization. A DTC is associated
with this condition. It is normal for all segments to illuminate for a brief time
during initialization of the selector and controls.
SELECT/MONITOR BOTH BLANK: This condition indicates either a lack
of power to the selector or the J1939 communication datalink has failed.
Continuous blank indicates loss of power to the selector. If the blank display
changes to a single or double cateye display, other conditions exist. Refer to
cateye discussions below.
(|) Single CatEye: This display indicates a selector fault other than loss of
power and is always accompanied by a selectorrelated DTC. The single
cateye is displayed in the SELECT location immediately after the fault is
detected.
( | ) ( | ) Double CatEyes: This display indicates a failure of the J1939
communication link and is always accompanied by a DTC. The cateyes are
illuminated in both the SELECT and MONITOR locations after approximately
12 seconds of blank display.
102
WARNING: Without the J1939 communication datalink, the shift
selector cannot display the selected transmission range. Vehicle
operation will be affected.
7.7 SELECTOR DISPLAY IS INOPERATIVE
In the event communication with the J1939 datalink is lost, limited
communication between the TCM and the Allison keypad pushbutton and
lever shift selectors continues through direction signal wire 134. This limited
communication allows the operator to select D (Drive), N (Neutral), or R
(Reverse) in order to get the vehicle to a service location. Operator requests
for range upshifts and downshifts will not be recognized, and the shift selector
display will not display the selected transmission range due to the lack of a
J1939 datalink signal.
WARNING: Assuming proper installation of direction signal wire
134, most Allison shift selectors may still be used to command
transmission direction changes in these circumstances. Due to the
failure of the J1939 datalink communication, however, the shift
selector cannot display the selected range. When this condition
exists, it is advisable to slowly and carefully apply the throttle each
time a change of direction has been selected in order to verify the
direction of operation before accelerating the vehicle. This feature is
not available with "strip pushbutton" shift selector models.
7.8 LEVER SHIFT SELECTOR
The Allison lever shift selector (refer to Figure 4–1) is an electromechanical
control that has three locked positions to prevent accidentally selecting R
(Reverse), N (Neutral), or D (Drive).
Lever shift selector positions are:
• R (Reverse)
• N (Neutral)
• D (Drive)
• Some number of lower forward range positions
The lever shift selector positions should agree with the number of ranges
programmed in the Transmission Control Module (TCM).
103
In addition to the features listed in 7.0 PROGNOSTICS SHIFT SELECTORS
COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS, the lever shift selector also includes
the following features:
• HOLD OVERRIDE: The HOLD OVERRIDE button is a fingercontrolled
button integrated into the top and front side of the lever shift selector
knob. This button uses a detent feature with three locked positions to
prevent accidental range selection. Press the HOLD OVERRIDE button
to release the detent and move the lever from the locked position. Once
D (Drive) is selected, lower forward range positions may be selected
without pressing the HOLD OVERRIDE button.
• DISPLAY MODE/DIAGNOSTIC (DMD): The DMD button, when
pressed, allows access to fluid level information, prognostics
information, and DTC information, depending on how many times it was
pressed. Refer to Figure 4–1 and Table 4–1.
7.9 KEYPAD PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR
The Allison keypad pushbutton shift selector (refer to Figure 4–1 and
Table 4–1) has six buttons on the keypad that cause the following transmission
operations to occur:
• R: Press to select reverse
• N: Press to select neutral
• D: Press to select drive
• ↑ (Upshift) arrow: Press to select the next higher forward range
• ↓ (Downshift) arrow: Press to select the next lower forward range
• MODE: Multifunctional use. Refer to 7.3 MODE BUTTON
The ↑ (Upshift) and ↓ (Downshift) arrows are only functional while in a forward
range, and not in N (Neutral) or R (Reverse).
Pressing both the ↑ (Upshift) and ↓ (Downshift) arrows simultaneously
when the transmission is in Neutral invokes requests for reading oil level,
prognostics information or DTCs. Refer to 7.0 PROGNOSTICS SHIFT
SELECTORS COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS and 7.9 KEYPAD
PUSHBUTTON SHIFT SELECTOR . If the transmission is locked in range due
to an active DTC, the system still allows the operator to review the DTC in the
selector with simultaneous button presses on the ↑ (Upshift) and ↓ (Downshift)
arrows even though the transmission is not in N (Neutral).
Conditions which illuminate the CHECK TRANS light disable the shift
selector. The SELECT display is blank and the MONITOR display shows the
104
range actually attained. For a detailed explanation, refer to 6.2.1 CHECK
TRANS LIGHT.
105
8.0 CUSTOMIZING CONTROLS AND
TCM PROGRAMMING
8.1 VEHICLE AND TRANSMISSION SIGNAL INTERFACE
OVERVIEW
This section describes the vehicle interface connections to the transmission
controls and transmission signals. The vehicle interfaces discussed in this
section may be provided through a SAE J1939 vehicle communications
interface and include:
• CHECK TRANS indicator
• Wrench Icon. Used for Prognostics features for needed scheduled
transmission maintenance
• RANGE INHIBITED or RANGE INHIBIT indicator
• Neutral Start
• Speedometer signal
• Reverse Warning
• AntiLock Brake System (ABS) status
• Service Brake status
• Retarder Modulation signals (if equipped)
• Engine Water Temperature signal
• Range Request signals
• Other miscellaneous Transmission Input/Output (I/O) signals that
control Auxiliary Vehicle functions by using either discrete electrical
signals, J1939 messages, or a combination of both
8.2 INPUT AND OUTPUT FUNCTIONS OVERVIEW
Input and Output (I/O) functions are built into each transmission control
system to allow additional functional controls of specialized transmissions
106
and/or auxiliary vehicle operations that are tailored for the expected vocation
of the vehicle.
Control signals are generally needed by each I/O function to work. These
control signals, known as inputs, may be a combination of the following:
• Discrete analog switched signal voltages or switchedtoground signals
that control the on/off state of the needed input(s) that in turn allow
the enabled I/O function to switch to on or off. Each input(s) must be
wired to the correct vehicle circuits and the correct TCM pins through
the correct OEM supplied switches, relays, connectors, and other
components as needed.
• Various vehicle controller datalink messages from various controllers
on the vehicle communications datalink such as, SAE J1939, and/or
SAE J1708/J1587.
• Use of monitored vehicle and/or transmission data such as,
temperatures, various speeds, and specific range attained that are then
compared with program limits and CMC parameters within the TCM to
turn the I/O function on and off.
Various combinations of these I/O functions are assembled into I/O packages.
One or many I/O packages may exist in any specific I/O group. The I/O group
is contained in your TCM as part of its calibration and software for the exact
vocation of your vehicle. This strategy allows the vehicle OEM(s) maximum
flexibility for choosing which I/O functions and discrete input circuits, labeled
by wire number and TCM pin assignments, they want to control the I/O
functions on your vehicle. To provide flexibility to the OEM(s) and customer,
specific discrete input circuits to specific TCM pins vary between vocations
and I/O packages and groups, even when the packages are contained within
the same I/O group.
The calibration of each TCM, which also contains the programming of how
your I/O is configured by the group and package, was selected for your
vehicle by your vehicle OEM. To fit a customers exact I/O requirement for their
vehicle it may be necessary for the TCM to have individual I/O functions or
packages reprogrammed, or possibly recalibrate theTCM, for a different I/O
group. Most often reprogramming I/O with the Allison DOC® For PC–Service
Tool is all that is needed. However, you will have to take your vehicle to a
qualified technician if you need to determine what I/O has been enabled or
disabled by your OEM, body builder, or service location. A qualified Allison or
OEM technician can download and review your calibration information within
the “I/O Wires Report” Section that is part of “Diagnostic Reports” contained in
the Allison DOC® For PCService Tool. Your vehicle I/O or body builder should
be consulted as well for information such as wiring diagrams, regarding how
individual I/O functions were integrated in your vehicle.
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Allison Transmission I/O information is also available as a separate publication
in Fourth Generation Electronic Controls I/O Group and Package Info Sheets,
The publication number is IO4105EN. This publication discusses various
groups, packages, and wire numbers associated with specific vocations
and related I/O functions. Purchase information is included for you at the
Publications menu of www.allisontransmission.com. Browse by keyword or
publication number or it may be ordered from an Allison service outlet.
Additionally, you may consult the Vocational Model Guide, SA3748, for
more I/O information. This publication is available for free download from
the Publications menu of www.allisontransmission.com. Browse by keyword
or publication number.
NOTE: At the customer’s request, and usually at the customer’s
expense, an Allison Service Outlet can:
• Run a report showing the present vehicle I/O configuration
• Enable/disable different I/O features and set the related
CMC(s)
• Calibrate the TCM in order to get a new group with different
I/O packages
Proper chassis wiring and connectors, switches, relays, lamps,
indicators, datalink messages, and CMC(s) must all be integrated
into the vehicle and verified to be working properly before a newly
programmed I/O feature or function works. If components for I/O
functions are not integrated correctly in the vehicle, some of the
enabled I/O features can inhibit the transmission from going to range
or cause active DTCs.
NOTE: All featurerelated components must be integrated in the
vehicle build prior to enabling the I/O feature. Features listed as
“Not Enabled” must be enabled by Allison reprogrammingcertified
personnel.
8.3 CONTROLS SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The Allison 4th Generation Controls system provides the functional control
for Allison transmissions. The transmission control system consists of the
components shown in Figure 8–1 for the 3000 and 4000 Product Families.
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Figure 8–1. Typical Allison 4th Generation Controls Components
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8.4 TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE (TCM) HARDWARE
DESCRIPTION
Harness Connector the TCM interfaces to your vehicle harness with one
connector and uses an 80–pin connector interfaced to the vehicle harness.
Refer to Figure 8–1.
TCM Power Requirements TCM models A51, A52 and A53 are offered to
the OEM(s) for the 3000 and 4000 Product Families transmissions. All A51
and A52 TCM configurations are compatible with 12volt vehicle electrical
systems. However, the A53 MaxFeature TCM is also compatible with a
24volt vehicle electrical systems. See your vehicle dealer if you need
assistance in determining which TCM is installed in your vehicle.
NOTE: Allison electronic controls are designed and manufactured
to comply with all FCC and other guidelines regarding radio
frequency interference/electromagnetic interference (RFI/EMI) for
transportation electronics. Manufacturers, assemblers, and installers
of radiotelephone or twoway communication radios have the sole
responsibility to correctly install and integrate those devices into
Allison transmissionequipped vehicles to the customer’s satisfaction.
8.5 TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE (TCM) PROGRAM
AND CALIBRATION OVERVIEW
The TCM program includes the basic logic and algorithms which command
all of the various elements of transmission operation. The program is an
integral element of the TCM structure and is defined as having a specific
software level.
The TCM calibration includes all of the variables pertaining to the specific
vehicle in which the TCM will be installed. Each calibration is based on input
from the vehicle manufacturer and, once compiled, must be downloaded
into the TCM to make it operational. Refer to 4.2 SHIFT SCHEDULES AND
AUTOMATIC RANGE SHIFTS , for additional information regarding the shift
calibration.
Functional control of the transmission results from the integration of the
calibration data sets with the elements of the software program, in conjunction
with the following:
• Matching TCM software to transmission hardware (Trans ID). Refer to
8.6 TRANSMISSION IDENTIFICATION (TID) WIRE.
• Automatic detection of other features (Autodetect). Refer to
8.7 AUTODETECT .
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• Adaptive shifting. Refer to 8.8 ADAPTIVE SHIFTING.
• Transmission and controls diagnostics. Refer to 6.0 DIAGNOSTICS.
• Transmission prognostics. Refer to 7.0 PROGNOSTICS SHIFT
SELECTORS COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS.
• Communication via vehicle datalinks. Refer to 7.6 SELECTOR DISPLAY
DESCRIPTIONS FOR ACTIVE DTCs AND INHIBITS.
• Shift inhibits. Refer to 4.1.3 SELECTOR DISPLAY FLASHING
(INHIBITS) .
• Control of the retarder. Refer to 4.3 USING THE HYDRAULIC
RETARDER .
8.6 TRANSMISSION IDENTIFICATION (TID) WIRE
Using data transmitted over wire 176, the Trans ID feature assists the
Transmission Control Module (TCM) in identifying the build generation of the
transmission and subsequent selection of a shift calibration appropriate for
that level of transmission hardware. Generally, TCM(s) with newer versions of
the software may be matched with transmission hardware originally released
with an earlier version of the software, as long as both are in the Allison 4th
Generation Controls family. Trans ID will not permit an Allison 4th Generation
TCM to control a transmission configured for an earliergeneration control
system; nor will a controller from an earliergeneration control system function
with transmission hardware configured for Allison 4th Generation Controls. If
a calibration for the identified level of transmission hardware does not exist
in the TCM, a DTC is set.
8.7 AUTODETECT
The Autodetect software feature automatically detects the presence of
transmission components or input signals, thus permitting the use of different
features or input signals with a common TCM. Autodetect checks for the
presence of a valid input signal denoting the presence of each of the features
listed. Diagnostic functions relating to each of these items are executed if
the feature is detected and used. Refer to Table 8–1 for the presence of the
following transmission components or data inputs.
Table 8–1. Transmission Components or Data Inputs.
Retarder Present, Not Present
Oil Level Sensor (OLS) Present, Not Present
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Table 8–1. Transmission Components or Data Inputs. (cont’d)
Throttlea Analog, J1587, J1939
Engine Coolant Temperature Analog, J1587, J1939
a
A pulse width modulated (PWM) throttle source is not “autodetected.” This source requires a
unique calibration or can be manually selected using Allison DOC® For PC–Service Tool.
8.8 ADAPTIVE SHIFTING
Adaptive shifting is a basic design feature of the shift controls which
optimizes shift quality. This is accomplished by frequent monitoring of critical
characteristics in the clutch engagement process and making continuous
adjustments to certain characteristics which improve subsequent shifts.
The transmission shift calibration is based on several different types of shifts,
such as full throttle, part throttle, closed throttle, upshifts, and downshifts.
Each shift is associated with specific speed and throttle position parameters.
To optimize each type of shift for normal driving, it is necessary for the shift
controls to have experienced operation and shifting in a wide variety of
operating conditions. A drivein period under various driving conditions is
required before the adaptive controls can be expected to optimize each and
every shift. You should begin to see shift quality converge to the adapted level
after five shifts of a particular shift type.
8.9 COMMUNICATION THROUGH VEHICLE DATALINKS
All Transmission Control Modules (TCMs) are capable of communicating
with other vehicle systems over an SAE J1939 datalink. Some TCM models
are also capable of communication using an SAE J1587 datalink or an
International Standard Organization (ISO) 9141 communication link protocol.
If the engine is electronically controlled, throttle position data may be
communicated from the engine controls to all TCM models over the SAE
J1939 datalink. TCM models A52 and A53 are also capable of communication
using the SAE J1587 protocol.
SAE J1587 capability is only available with 3000 and 4000 Product Families
transmission using TCM models A52 and A53. SAE J1587 does not support
the display of prognostics information. Check with your vehicle OEM or Allison
Transmission distributor or dealer for the capabilities of the TCM in your
vehicle or if you need assistance in determining the datalink types available
for your vehicle.
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8.10 INFORMATION DISPLAYS
The OEM may supply and install a remote display for use in displaying
transmission status and service information broadcast over the vehicle
datalink. Such information may include the transmission range selected,
transmission range attained, sump temperature indicator, prognostic
information, and DTCs. If the display is reading on the J1587 datalink,
the display of transmission prognostics information is not supported. Refer
to 7.6 SELECTOR DISPLAY DESCRIPTIONS FOR ACTIVE DTCs AND
INHIBITS.
8.11 SHIFT INHIBITS
When necessary, the transmission control system automatically activates an
inhibit to protect against certain types of abusive operation. For example:
• Engine speed inhibit: prevents an attempt to shift the transmission
from N (Neutral) to either a forward range or reverse if the engine speed
is above 1260 rpm.
NOTE: There is no shift inhibit detection of high output speed/high
throttle position for EVS calibrations.
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9.0 EXTERNAL WIRE HARNESSES,
VEHICLE INTERFACE MODULE, AND
RETARDER CONTROLS
9.1 WIRE HARNESSES
NOTE: The external harness connecting transmission controls is
part of the vehicle chassis harness and typically will not have an
Allison Transmission part number. The harness parts are usually
only available through the vehicle manufacturer and their vendors.
Check with the OEM or dealer first to determine their wire harness
service parts availability. Any Allison distributor or dealer can assist
with determining serviceability of the external harness as well. The
internal transmission harness inside the transmission is an Allison
part and only available from an Allison distributor or dealer.
The transmission controls require the use of wiring harnesses to connect the
various system components, including:
• Transmission Control Module (TCM)
• Main connector on the transmission
• Engine speed sensor on the transmission
• Turbine speed sensor on the transmission (4000 Product Families)
• Transmission output speed sensor on the transmission
• Serial communication datalink
• Shift selector
• Diagnostic connector
• Retarder controls (if equipped)
• Vehicle interface wiring
• Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) (only with mechanically controlled
engines)
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• Optional Vehicle Interface Module (VIM)
All wiring harnesses and connectors which mate to Allison
connectors/components are typically supplied and installed by the vehicle
manufacturer. Harnesses may consist of a single piece, or may be divided
into multiple segments joined by bulkhead connectors.
9.2 VEHICLE INTERFACE MODULE (VIM)
The VIM contains relays and fuses necessary to interface the transmission
controls with the vehicle wiring system. When ordering the VIM, specify 12 or
24 volts to properly match the vehicle electrical system.
In some cases, the OEM or body builder may choose not to use the Allison
VIM. In these cases, the OEM must specify and install components which
provide a proper interface between vehicle wiring and the transmission
control system.
9.3 RETARDER CONTROLS
In order to meet the needs of operators in a wide variety of applications,
vocations, and vehicle configurations, several retarder apply systems are
offered for transmission models in the Allison 3000 and 4000 Product Families.
Certain types of apply systems may not be recommended for specific
vocations. For example, factors such as retarder performance that may not be
appropriate for the class or vehicle type or difficulty in installation. However,
there are typically two or more apply types available for most vehicles.
In addition to the standard analog controls approach, the possible integration
of the retarder with numerous other vehicle systems through a common SAE
J1939based vehicle controller creates additional design flexibility when
determining methods of potential operator control of the transmission retarder.
The Transmission Control Module (TCM) must be calibrated to the proper
method to ensure desired retarder operation. Operator controls of the retarder
can be accomplished by either of the following methods:
• Both Analog and J1939. Input is based on a Retarder Enable switch
for activation, plus one or more Allison Retarder Modulation Request
(RMR) components to select the desired level of retardation. In addition,
retardation is requested or limited based on messages from an SAE
J1939based vehicle controller.
• J1939 Only. Retardation is requested or limited based on messages
from an SAE J1939based vehicle controller.
115
The analog components that can be used with the 3000 and 4000 Product
Families retarder are available from Allison Transmission. These components
provide control over retarder operation and include various types of retarder
operator and vehicle interface controls. Some of the available operator
controls, known also as Retarder Modulation Request (RMR) devices include:
• Foot pedal
• Hand lever
• Automatic apply at closed throttle
• Apply integrated with service brakes
• Onestep, twostep or threestep applies
Refer to Table 4–3 for the various types of retarder controls available.
The retarder apply system does not actuate the retarder directly. The
driver uses the retarder operator controls to request a desired level of
retardation, ranging from none, up to the maximum available from the specific
retarder/transmission configuration in use. The TCM processes the request in
conjunction with other input data which defines the current operating status of
the transmission and vehicle. The TCM turns the retarder on at the requested
level when conditions are appropriate for retarder operation.
Refer to 4.3 USING THE HYDRAULIC RETARDER for additional information
about the retarder controls, retarder performance, and retarder usage.
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10.0 TRANSMISSION COMPONENTS
10.1 TORQUE CONVERTER
The torque converter multiplies engine torque and transfers smooth,
uninterrupted power to the wheels quickly. The torque converter consists of
these four components:
• Pump–input element driven directly by the engine
• Turbine–output element hydraulically driven by the pump
• Stator–reaction (torque multiplying) element
• Lockup Clutch–mechanically couples the pump and turbine when
commanded by the Transmission Control Module (TCM).
When the pump turns faster than the turbine and the stator is stationary, the
torque converter is multiplying torque. When the turbine approaches the
speed of the pump, the stator starts to rotate with the pump and turbine. When
this occurs, torque multiplication stops and the torque converter functions as a
fluid coupling. The lockup clutch is located inside the torque converter and
consists of the following components:
• Piston and backplate–driven by the engine
• Clutch plate/damper (located between the piston and the
backplate)–splined to the converter turbine
The lockup clutch/torsional damper is engaged and released in response to
electronic signals from the TCM. Lockup clutch engagement provides a direct
drive from the engine to the transmission input. This eliminates converter
slippage and maximizes fuel economy and vehicle speed. The lockup clutch
releases at lower speeds or when the TCM detects conditions requiring it to
be released.
The torsional damper tries to absorb engine torsional vibration in an attempt
to prevent transmitting engine torsional vibration on through to transmission
components (clutches, etc), or items bolted to the transmission.
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10.2 PLANETARY GEARS AND CLUTCHES
A series of three helical, constant mesh planetary gear sets and shafts
provides the mechanical gear ratios and direction of travel for the vehicle. The
planetary gear sets are controlled by five multiplate clutches that work in pairs
to produce up to six forward speeds and one reverse speed. The clutches are
applied and released hydraulically in response to electronic signals from the
Transmission Control Module (TCM) to the appropriate solenoids.
10.3 COOLER CIRCUIT
The transmission fluid is cooled by an integral (transmissionmounted) or
remotemounted oil cooler. Connections to the cooling circuit are located at
the front or rear of the transmission to facilitate installation of remote cooler
lines. On retarder models, only the rear cooler ports may be used. The integral
cooler is mounted on the lower rear portion of the transmission, replacing the
remote cooler manifold. Integral cooler oil ports are internal requiring coolant
to be routed to and from the cooler.
10.4 RETARDER
The selfcontained retarder is at the output of the transmission and consists
of a vaned rotor which rotates in a vaned cavity. The rotor is splined to and
driven by the output shaft. When the retarder is activated, the fluid in the
accumulator is displaced into the retarder cavity. The pressurized fluid in the
cavity acting against the rotating and stationary vanes causes the retarder
rotor and output shaft to reduce speed, slowing the vehicle or limiting speed
on a downhill grade. Refer to 4.3 USING THE HYDRAULIC RETARDER for
additional information. When the retarder is deactivated, the retarder cavity is
evacuated and the accumulator is recharged with fluid.
The retarder housing also allows the addition of either a remote or integral
cooler for transmission sump fluid in addition to retarder out fluid. A bypass
cover is placed over the sump cooling ports when the provision is not used.
The sump cooler ports are located on the lower right rear face of the retarder
housing. Refer to Figure 2–1 and Figure 2–2.
10.5 CONTROL VALVE MODULE
The 3000 and 4000 Product Family Transmission control valve module is
bolted to the transmission main housing, and contain the main and lube
filters. The control valve module also contains a main valve body assembly
and solenoid valve body assembly. The Transmission Control Module (TCM)
issues commands that actuate the range clutch solenoids to govern fluid
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flow to the commanded range clutches and lockup clutch contained in the
torque converter.
The control valve module contains the following components:
• Various valves and valve bodies controlling and routing hydraulic
pressure to the rest of the transmission
• Range clutch and lockup clutch solenoids
• Diagnostic valve, valve body, and diagnostic pressure switch
• Main filter life indicator valve, valve body, and filter life pressure switch
• Turbine speed sensor (3000 Product Family only)
• Sump temperature sensor
10.6 TRANSMISSION SPEED SENSORS
Three speed sensors are integral to the transmission assembly. The speed
sensors provide the transmission input speed, converter turbine speed,
and transmission output speed signals to the Transmission Control Module
(TCM). For the specific location of the speed sensors, refer to Figure 2–1 and
Figure 2–2.
The transmission input speed sensor is located on the converter housing and
the transmission output speed sensor is located on the output housing. Both
speed sensors require connection to the wiring harness.
The mounting provision for the turbine speed sensor differs between the
transmission model families:
• For transmission models in the 3000 Product Families, the turbine
speed sensor is internal to the transmission and does not require an
external connection
• For transmission models in the 4000 Product Families, the turbine
speed sensor is external to the transmission and requires connection to
the wiring harness
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11.0 GENERAL GUIDELINES
11.1 WELDING ON VEHICLE
Observe the following precautions when welding on the vehicle:
• Disconnect the wiring harnesses from the Transmission Control Module
(TCM).
• Disconnect the TCM power and ground circuits from the battery, and
any electronic control ground wires connected to the frame or chassis.
• Do not connect welding cables to electronic control components.
• Do not weld on electronic control components.
• Cover electronic control components and wiring to protect them from
hot sparks, heat, etc.
11.2 PAINTING ON VEHICLE
11.2.1 ELECTROSTATIC PAINTING. If the vehicle chassis or body is
painted using an electrostatic painting process, electrical voltage must not be
discharged through the Transmission Control Module (TCM). To prevent this
possibility, Allison recommends installing the TCM after the electrostatic paint
process is complete. If the TCM is installed prior to electrostatic painting,
make sure:
• the TCM is not painted.
• the elements being painted are properly and continuously grounded
during the entire painting process.
NOTE: Allison Transmission is not responsible for TCM damage
resulting from improper grounding during electrostatic painting of
the vehicle.
During electrostatic painting, the paint droplets receive an electrostatic charge
attracting them to be grounded surfaces. Voltages at the spray gun can
exceed several thousand volts. The charge which builds up on an improperly
120
grounded chassis or body can be discharged through the TCM, resulting in
damage to the TCM.
11.2.2 PAINTING OF TRANSMISSION CONTROL COMPONENTS. While it
may be desirable to paint chassismounted components in order to enhance
the overall vehicle appearance and/or provide corrosion protection, the
transmission control components must not be painted. Painting transmission
control components can:
• compromise the integrity of connectors and connector seals.
• reduce thermal conductivity from inside the TCM to ambient air.
• cover labels or other identification, hindering the process to service
these components.
11.3 ENVIRONMENT
Allison Transmission designed the Allison controls and components to
operate in normal vehicle cab and chassis environments. The Allison controls
and components can withstand moisture, direct light, heat, and shock loads.
The Transmission Control Module (TCM), Allison shift selectors and their
connectors are sealed, but are not considered immersible. Installation of the
Allison controls and components must meet the environmental requirements
in Allison 4th Generation Controls Data. In addition, mount the Allison controls
and components away from direct exposure to road hazards and weather. In
order to meet the temperature limits listed in Allison 4th Generation Controls
Data, allow for free air movement around each component. The air movement
dissipates heat away from the components. Exceeding the temperature limits
reduces the life of the components.
11.4 COMPONENT ACCESS REQUIREMENTS
Access to service the controls and components is necessary throughout the
life of the vehicle. Consider service access to transmission components
when installing auxiliary vehicle controls and components, including the effort
required to remove covers, body parts, or chassis members to gain access
to the transmission component(s) being serviced.
121
12.0 CUSTOMER SERVICE
12.1 ORDERING PARTS
12.1.1 TRANSMISSION NAMEPLATE. The nameplate (refer to Figure 12–1)
is located on the right side of the transmission and is imprinted with the
following:
• Transmission model (for Specialty Series vocation models)
• Serial number
• Date code
• TransID number
• Engineering groups (for Specialty Series vocation models)
Use all of these numbers when ordering replacement parts or requesting
service information.
Figure 12–1. Transmission Nameplate
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12.1.2 GENUINE PARTS. Allison Transmission recommends that only Allison
genuine parts be used in an Allison transmission. Order all replacement parts
from an authorized distributor or dealer. Service outlets can be located on the
Allison Transmission web site at www.allisontransmission.com. Additionally,
distributors and dealers are listed in the yellow pages under Transmission
Truck, Tractor, Etc.".
12.2 OWNER ASSISTANCE
The satisfaction and goodwill of the owners of Allison transmissions are of
primary concern to Allison Transmission, its distributors, and their dealers.
As an owner of an Allison transmission, you have service locations throughout
the world that are eager to meet your parts and service needs with:
• Expert service by trained personnel.
• Emergency service 24 hours a day in many areas.
• Complete parts support.
• Sales teams to help determine your transmission requirements.
• Product information and literature.
Normally, any situation that arises in connection with the sale, operation, or
service of your transmission will be handled by the distributor or dealer in
your area. Check the telephone directory for the Allison Transmission service
outlet nearest you or use Allison Transmission’s Sales and Service Locator
tool on the Allison Transmission web site at www.allisontransmission.com.
You may also refer to Allison Transmission’s Worldwide Sales and Service
Directory (SA2229EN).
We recognize, however, that despite the best intentions of everyone
concerned, misunderstandings may occur. To further assure your complete
satisfaction, we have developed the following threestep procedure to be
followed in the event a problem has not been handled satisfactorily.
Step One—Discuss your problem with a member of management from
the distributorship or dealership. Frequently, complaints are the result of a
breakdown in communication and can be resolved quickly by a member of
management. If you have already discussed the problem with the Sales or
Service Manager, contact the General Manager. All Allison Transmission
dealers are associated with an Allison Transmission distributor. If the problem
originates with a dealer, explain the matter to a management member of
the distributorship with whom the dealer has his service agreement. The
dealer will provide his Allison Transmission distributor’s name, address, and
telephone number on request.
123
Step Two—When it appears the problem cannot be readily resolved at the
distributor level without additional assistance, contact the Allison Technical
Assistance Center at 8002525283. They will place you in contact with the
Regional Customer Support Manager for your area.
For prompt assistance, please have the following information available:
• Name and location of authorized distributor or dealer.
• Type and make of vehicle/equipment.
• Transmission model number, serial number, and assembly number (if
equipped with electronic controls, also provide the Transmission Control
Module (TCM) assembly number).
• Transmission delivery date and accumulated miles and/or hours of
operation.
• Nature of problem.
• Chronological summary of your transmission’s history.
Step Three—If you are still not satisfied after contacting the Regional
Customer Support Manager, present the entire matter to the Home Office
by writing to the following address:
Allison Transmission
Manager, Warranty Administration
PO Box 894, Mail Code PF9
Indianapolis, IN 462060894
The inclusion of all pertinent information will assist the Home Office in
expediting the matter.
When contacting the Home Office, please keep in mind that ultimately the
problem will likely be resolved at the distributorship or dealership using their
facilities, equipment, and personnel. Therefore, it is suggested that Step One
be followed when experiencing a problem.
Your purchase of an Allison Transmission product is greatly appreciated, and
it is our sincere desire to assure complete satisfaction.
12.3 SERVICE LITERATURE
Additional service literature is available. Allison service literature provides
fully illustrated instructions for the operation, maintenance, service, overhaul,
and parts support of your transmission. To be sure that you get maximum
performance and service life from your unit, you may order publications from an
Allison Transmission distributor or www.allisontransmission.com/publications/
.
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12.4 ALLISON TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTORS
NOTE: For a complete and uptodate listing of Allison Transmission
Service Centers, go to www.allisontransmission.com/locator/
EASTERN REGION
Atlantic Detroit DieselAllison, LLC Johnson & Towers, Inc.
19 C Chapin Road 2021 Briggs Road
Pine Brook, NJ 07058 Mount Laurel, NJ 08054
9735750309 8562346990
Covington Power Services New England Detroit DieselAllison,
8015 Piedmont Triad Parkway Inc.
Greensboro, NC 27409 90 Bay State Road
3362929240 Wakefield, MA 018801095
7812461810
Detroit DieselAllison Canada East
Attn: Div. of Integrated Power Penn Detroit DieselAllison, LLC
Systems Corp. 8330 State Road
2997 Avenue (rue) Watt Philadelphia, PA 191362986
Quebec, Quebec G1X 3W1 2153350500
4186515371
Western Branch Diesel, Inc.
Florida Detroit DieselAllison, Inc. 3504 Shipwright Street
2277 N.W. 14th Street Portsmouth, VA 23703
Miami, FL 331250068 7576737000
3056385300
W.W. Williams S.E., Inc.
Harper Power Products, Inc 3077 Moreland Avenue
10 Diesel Drive Conley, GA 30288
Toronto, Ontario M8W 2T8 4043661070
4162593281
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CENTRAL REGION
Central Power Systems & Services, Stewart & Stevenson Power
Inc. Products, LLC
9200 Liberty Drive 1000 Louisiana, Suite 5900
Liberty, MO 64068 Houston, TX 77002
8167818070 713751–2600
Clarke Power Services, Inc. United Engines, LLC
3133 East Kemper Road 5555 West Reno Street
Cincinnati, OH 45241 Oklahoma City, OK 73127
5137712200 4059473321
Inland Power Group, Inc. Waterous Power Systems (A Division
13015 West Custer Avenue of Integrated Power Systems Corp.)
Butler, WI 530070916 10025 – 51 Avenue
2627817100 Edmonton, Alberta T6E OA8
7804378200
Interstate PowerSystems, Inc.
2501 American Boulevard, East W.W. Williams M.W., Inc.
Minneapolis, MN 55425 1176 Industrial Parkway, North
9528545511 Brunswick, OH 442122342
3302257751
MEXICO REGION
Detroit DieselAllison de Mexico
S.A.de C.V.
Av. Santa Rosa No. 58 Col.
Ampliacion Norte
San Juan Ixtacala, Tlalnepantla C.P.
54160, Estado de Mexico
525553331800
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WESTERN REGION
ABC Transmissions, Ltd Stewart & Stevenson Power
9357 – 193rd Street Products, LLC
Surrey, British Columbia V4N 4E7 5170 E 58th Place
6048881211 Commerce City, CO 80022
3032877441
Allison West
14775 Wicks Boulevard Valley Power Systems, Inc
San Leandro, CA 94577–6779 425 South Hacienda Boulevard
510–351–6101 City of Industry, CA 917451123
6263331243
Pacific Power Products Company
7215 South 228th Street W.W. Williams S.W., Inc.
Kent, WA 98032 2602 S. 19th Avenue
2538540505 Phoenix, AZ 85009
6022570561
Smith Power Products, Inc.
3065 West California Avenue
Salt Lake City, UT 84104
8014155000
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Service Manual
R. Cushman & Associates Inc.
Power Train Engineers
32840 West 8 Mile Road, Farmington, Michigan 48336
Phone (248) 477-9900 FAX (248) 477-7883
ISO 9001:2008 Cert - 0033879
www.rcushman.com
Specifications
Model 479A-1
Drawing Number 11035
Transfer Case
Creeper Drive
Gradall Industries, Inc. P.N. 80783073
Description: Model 479A is a combination transfer case and creeper drive.
In road mode, power into the front top shaft, out of the bottom shaft to the rear axle with
an air engaged front axle disconnect. In creep mode, a hydraulic motor drives an air
engaged planetary reduction opposite the input shaft.
Input: Road – – 2.75-10 splined shaft with a 3.75 inch seal diameter. Shipped with 1760 HR yoke
# 6.3-4-711-1
Creep – SAE-D 4 bolt hydraulic motor pad through an air engaged 15.39:1 planetary
drive. Switch is made when creep drive is engaged. Packard Weather Pack connector
12015792.
Output: Rear - 2.75-10 splined shaft with a 3.75 inch seal diameter. Shipped with 1760 HR yoke #
6.3-4-711-1.
Front - Air engaged front axle disconnect, 2.75-10 splined shaft with a 3.75 inch seal
diameter. Shipped with 1760 HR yoke # 6.3-4-711-1. Switch is made when front axle is
engaged. Packard Weather Pack connector 12015792.
Center distance: 16.92 inch center distance.
Gear ratio: 1.000:1 Road mode, 15.39:1 creep mode.
Housing: High tensile Aluminum
Lube: 14 quarts initial fill, 11 quarts top off level, 75W-90 GL-5 synthetic gear lube, Optional
Mobile 424
Mounting: (6) 3/4-10 tapped x 1.50 deep mounting holes each side.
Size: 31.75 high, 16.25 inches wide, by 29.03 long from hydraulic motor face to
input U-joint.
Weight: Estimated 475 pounds
Vehicle: Highway Speed Excavator
Engine: largest engine - Detroit / Mercedes 322 hp @ 2200 rpm, 959 lb-ft @ 1400 rpm.
Transmission: Allison 3500 RDS, 4.59:1, 2.25:1, 1.54:1, 1.00:1, 0.75:1, .64:1 or optional
Allison 3000 3.49:1, 1.86, 1.00:1, 0.75:1, .64:1 for largest engine
Axles: (3), drivers (2) Ratio 7.17:1
Tires: 11R24.5, 20.6 slr, 475 rpm
GVW: 59,500 lb
Creep: 6,400 lb-ft @ 90 rpm output.
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 1
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 2
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 3
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 4
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 5
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R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 7
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 8
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 9
479 Bill of Material
Item Number Part Number Description QTY
001 Housing - Front 1
002 Housing - Rear 1
003 Retainer - Seal 1
004 Cover - Bearing 1
005 Cover - Access 1
008 Collar - Shift 1
010 Gear and Shaft - Input 1
011 Gear and Shaft 1
012 Gear and Shaft - Output 1
013 Shaft - Planetary Input 1
014 Shaft - Shift 1
015 Spacer - Yoke 2
016 Fork - Shift 1
020 Cylinder - Shift (Short) 1
022 Piston - Shift 1
024 Adapter - Shift 1
025 Plate - Oil Passage 1
026 Dipstick 1
027 Tube - Dipstick 1
031 Washer - Yoke 2
035 Cover - Tophat 1
036 Planetary MDL 8 - 15.39:1 D Pad 1
046 Ball Bearing 1
047 Cup - Beraing 6
048 Cone - Bearing 6
049 Bushing - Disconnect 1
050 Bearing - Inner Race 1
051 Bearing - Heavy Duty Caged Roller 1
052 Snap Ring - Internal 1
054 O'ring 1
056 Locknut - 1 1/4-12 2
057 Magnetic Plug - #12 O'ring 1
058 Snap Ring 1
060 Spring - Return 1
061 Hardened Pull Dowel 2
063 Yellow Coated HFS-3/8-16x1.00LG. 6
064 Yellow Coated HFS-3/8-16x1.25LG. 19
065 Yellow Coated HFS-3/8-16x1.50LG. 10
066 H.H.C.S 1
067 Yellow Coated HFS-3/8-16x2.00LG. 18
068 Yellow Coated HHCS-3/8-16x5.50LG. 12
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 10
069 Yellow Coated SHCS-1/4-20x2.75LG. 3
070 Antivibration Washer - 5/16 1
071 Antivibration Washer - Preglued 12
073 S.H.C.S 1
075 Hollow Hex Pipe Plug - 3/4 N.P.T 1
076 Breather - 3/8 N.P.T 1
078 Yellow Coated FW-.375 DIA. 12
079 Yellow Coated FLN-3/8-16 18
080 Snap Ring - External 1
081 Snap Ring - External Light Series 3
082 Short Body Street Elbow 1
083 Hex Flange Screw 11
095 #12 O'ring Plug 2
096 #6 ORFS to #6 O'ring Run Tee 1
097 #4 Lube Line STR-STR (33.00" Long) 1
098 1/4 NPTP to #4 JIC Tee - .093 1
099 Reducer Bushing 1
100 #4 Lube Line STR-STR (26.50" Long) 1
101 #4 O'ring to #4 JIC STR - .062 1
102 #6 O'ring Hollow Hex Plug 3
103 o-ring 1
104 Strainer - #12 O'ring 1
105 #8 O'ring to #8 ORFS Elbow 1
106 #12 O'ring to #12 JIC Elbow 1
107 Hose Clamp 1
108 Hose Clamp - 9/16 ID. 1
109 Flat Washer - 1/4 Diameter 1
110 H.H.C.S 1
119 Snap Ring 1
018A Shim - .005 Thick 9
018B Shim - .007 Thick 9
018C Shim - .020 Thick 9
Customer Specific Bill of Material (479-001)
Item Number Part Number Description QTY
C-002 Seal 1
C-003 Oil Seal 1
C-004 Sleeve - Oil Seal 1
C-005 Ball - Switch 1
C-006 Switch - (N/C) 1
C-007 Yoke - 1710 HR (Painted Black) 2
C-008 Name Plate - Gradall 1
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 11
C-009 Drive Screw 4
C-010 Washer - Switch Gasket 2
C-011 Switch - (N/O) 1
479A Disconnect Assembly (397F Disconnect)
Item Number Part Number Description QTY
001 Shaft - Disconnect 1
002 Fork and Shaft Assembly 1
003 Housing - Disconnect 1
005 Collar - Disconnect 1
008 Cylinder - Shift 1
009 Cap - Air Inlet 1
010 Piston - Shift 1
016 Ball Bearing 1
018 Block Vee Seal 1
019 O'ring 2
023 Spring - Return 1
024 Snap Ring - Internal 1
026 H.H.C.S. - GRADE 8 3
027 S.H.C.S. 1
030 Antivibration Washer - 5/16 1
Customer Specific Bill of Material (479A-001)
Item Number Part Number Description QTY
C-002 Seal 1
C-003 Oil Seal 2
C-004 Sleeve - Oil Seal 2
C-005 Ball - Switch 3
C-006 Switch - (N/C) 1
C-007 Yoke - 1710 HR (Painted Black) 3
C-008 Name Plate - Gradall 1
C-009 Drive Screw 4
C-010 Washer - Switch Gasket 3
C-011 Switch - (N/O) 2
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 12
R. Cushman & Associates Inc.
Power Train Engineers
32840 West 8 Mile Road, Farmington, Michigan 48336
Phone (248) 477-9900 FAX (248) 477-7883
ISO 9001:2008 Cert - 0033879
www.rcushman.com
LUBRICATION SPECIFICATION
NOTE: This is a general lubrication specification. Please refer to the lubrication
recommendation for your specific model. All gearboxes will be tested with 75W-90
Synthetic lube. Units shipped factory filled will use 75W-90 Synthetic oil.
ON HIGHWAY SERVICE: Mineral Oil Synthetic Oil
Check oil level 2,000 miles 2,000 miles
Initial flush and oil change 3,000 miles 3,000 miles
Scheduled flush and oil change 25,000 miles 50,000 miles
OFF HIGHWAY SERVICE:
Check oil level 24 hours 24 hours
Initial flush and oil change 50 hours 50 hours
Scheduled flush and oil change 500 hours 1000 hours
INDUSTRIAL / STATIONARY SERVICE:
Check oil level 50 hours 50 hours
Initial flush and oil change 100 hours 100 hours
Scheduled flush and oil change 500 hours 1000 hours
NOTE: If the lube system incorporates a lubricating oil pump:
1. Remove and clean suction oil screen and change filter if supplied at each oil change.
2. After oil change, or after a period of inactivity, check lube pump for proper operation.
REFILL: Remove all dirt around the drain and filler plugs. Drain oil in a suitable container and
dispose of properly. Refill with new oil of the grade recommended to either the bottom of the
filler hole or full level indication. Run unit for several minutes and recheck oil level.
OPERATING TEMPERATURE:
Normal operating temperature 100F TO 190F
Maximum continuous operating temperature 225° F.
Maximum short duration operating temperature 250°F
NOTE: Operation at temperatures exceeding 250F will result in rapid breakdown of oil,
premature seal failure, and will shorten the life of the gearbox.
RECOMMENDED OIL:
75W-90 Synthetic, MIL-L 2105E, API Service MT-1 and GL-5 above -40°F.
Optional oil: Multipurpose gear Lube, GL-5 per MIL-L-2105E
75W below -30° F. 75W-90 above -30° F or 80W-90 above 0° F
NOTE: Do not mix synthetic lubricants and mineral oil, foaming and other problems may
occur. If changing from a mineral oil or synthetic, flush system thoroughly before installing
oil. 02/26/10
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 13
R. Cushman & Associates Inc.
Power Train Engineers
32840 West 8 Mile Road, Farmington, Michigan 48336
Phone (248) 477-9900 FAX (248) 477-7883
Model 479 Seal Replacement Installation Instructions:
Prepared 8-01-2011 MB
Models covered:
Location Seal Part Inner Sleeve Seal Driver Inner Sleeve
Number Part Number Driver
Input (Upper) 34889 N/A TBD N/A
Output (Rear) DOS908-1 DOS908-2 TBD TBD
Output (Front Disconnect) DOS908-1 DOS908-2 TBD TBD
Tools and supplies required:
Seals and drivers
Heavy hammer or beater bar
1 ¼-12 nylon lock nut
1 13/16 socket with ¾” Drive
Impact Gun with ¾” that can produce 300 lbft of torque
Torque wrench that can produce 300 lbft of torque
Seal puller
Denatured Alcohol or Mineral Spirits
Scraper
Standard Automotive Grease
RTV (Silicone) Sealant
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 14
Instructions:
1. Identify seal location and select appropriate seal and inner sleeve. The seals are designed to fit the standard yokes. The
6-4-4551-1 yoke on the input does not have a seal sleeve.
2. Remove yoke nut with impact gun and socket. Discard used yoke nut. A new yoke nut should be installed whenever the
yoke nut is removed.
3. Remove yoke washer and yoke. Using scraper remove the RTV on the yoke face, yoke washer, and end of shaft.
4. Remove the existing seal with a seal puller, taking care not to
damage the seal bore
5. Remove the seal sleeve from the yoke (if applicable), taking care not to damage the yoke OD where the
sleeve rides.
6. Using denatured alcohol or mineral spirits, clean the seal bore so that it is free of dirt, oil, and debris.
Similarly, clean the surface of the yoke on which the inner sleeve will ride.
7. Using the appropriate driver and hammer or beater, drive seal in location until driver hits hard, indicating that
the seal is flush against its seating surface.
8. Inspect the seal to ensure that it is flush and square to
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 15
the seating surface
If an inner sleeve is required and the 6-4-4551-1 yoke has a sleeve installed skip step 9.
9. If an inner sleeve is required, install the inner sleeve on the yoke using the appropriate driver and hammer or
beater. Gentle drive the seal until the driver bottoms on the yoke and locate the inner sleeve in the correct
location. BE CAREFUL NOT TO STRIKE THE DRIVER WITH TOO MUCH FORCE OR THE SLEEVE WILL OVER
TRAVEL.
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 16
10. Install the yokes and/or seal sleeve onto the shaft.
11. Apply a generous bead of RTV to the outer surface of the yoke at the spline.
12. Install the yoke washer and yoke nut
13. Tighten the yoke nut to 300 lbft .
R. Cushman & Associates Model 479 service manual Rev0212 Page 17
Maintenance Manual 2
Front Non-Drive Steer Axles
All Meritor Conventional, Easy Steer Plus™
and MFS Series
Revised 10-06
Service Notes
About This Manual ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center
This manual provides maintenance and service information for the Call ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center at 800-535-5560.
Meritor conventional, Easy Steer Plus™ and MFS Series front
non-drive steer axles. Technical Electronic Library DVD
The DriveTrain Plus™ by ArvinMeritor Technical Electronic Library
Before You Begin DVD contains product and service information for most Meritor and
1. Read and understand all instructions and procedures before Meritor WABCO products. Specify TP-9853.
you begin to service components.
How to Obtain Tools and Supplies Specified
2. Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert
in This Manual
messages in this publication. They provide information that can
help prevent serious personal injury, damage to components, Call ArvinMeritor’s Commercial Vehicle Aftermarket at
or both. 888-725-9355 to obtain Meritor tools and supplies.
3. Follow your company’s maintenance and service, installation, SPX Kent-Moore, 28635 Mound Road, Warren, Michigan, 48092.
and diagnostics guidelines. Call the company’s customer service center at 800-345-2233, or
visit their website at spxkentmoore.com.
4. Use special tools when required to help avoid serious personal
injury and damage to components. Tiger Tools. Call the company’s customer service center at
800-661-4661, or visit their website at tigertool.com.
Hazard Alert Messages and Torque Symbols For Owatonna Tools, contact OTC Tool and Equipment Division,
655 Eisenhower Drive, Owatonna, Minnesota, 55060.
WARNING
Great Lakes Tool Specialties, 8530 M-89, Richland, Michigan,
A Warning alerts you to an instruction or procedure that you
49083. Call the company’s customer service center at
must follow exactly to avoid serious personal injury and
800-877-9618 or 616-629-9628.
damage to components.
For Snap-On® tools, contact your local Snap-On® dealer.
CAUTION
A Caution alerts you to an instruction or procedure that you The Technology Maintenance Council (TMC)
must follow exactly to avoid damage to components. of the American Trucking Associations
@ This symbol alerts you to tighten fasteners to a specified torque For more information on total vehicle alignment, refer to
value. Recommended Practice RP 642 included in the Recommended
Practices Manual published by The Technology Maintenance Council
(TMC) of the American Trucking Associations, Inc., 2200 Mill Road,
How to Obtain Additional Maintenance and
Alexandria, Virginia, 22314. You can contact TMC at
Service Information 800-838-1763 or visit their website at www.trucking.org.
On the Web
Visit Literature on Demand at meritorhvs.com to access product,
service, aftermarket, and warranty literature for ArvinMeritor’s truck,
trailer and specialty vehicle components.
Information contained in this publication was in effect at the time the publication was
approved for printing and is subject to change without notice or liability. Meritor Heavy
Vehicle Systems, LLC, reserves the right to revise the information presented or to
discontinue the production of parts described at any time.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
Contents
pg. 1 Section 1: Exploded Views pg. 31 Section 5: Prepare Parts for Assembly
Axle with a Conventional Wheel End Hazard Alert Messages
2 Axle with a Unitized Wheel End Replace
Worn or Damaged Parts
4 Section 2: Introduction
Clean, Dry and Inspect Parts
Hazard Alert Messages
Ground or Polished Parts
Description
Rough Parts
Tie Rod Arm, Knuckle and King Pin
Dry Cleaned Parts
Steering Knuckle
32 Prevent Corrosion on Cleaned Parts
Steering Arms
Installation
5 Pitman Arm
New Fasteners with Pre-Applied Adhesive Patches
Unitized Wheel End
Original or Used Fasteners Using Meritor Specification
Tie Rod Assembly
2297-C-7049 Liquid Adhesive, Loctite 680 Adhesive
®
Cross Tube and Clamp Assembly
or Equivalent
Tie Rod Ends
33 Check the Torque Values of Dri-Loc Fasteners Not
®
6 Identification
Requiring Removal
8 Section 3: Inspection Inspection
Hazard Alert Messages Parts
Inspection 36 Wheel Bearings
Incompatibility of Wheel Separator Plates and Unitized 37 Tie Rod Grease Fittings
Wheel Ends
9 Inspect Parts
38 Section 6: Assembly
Hazard Alert Messages
Steering Knuckle Vertical End Play
Installation
11 Upper and Lower King Pin Bushings
King Pin Bushings
12 Unitized Wheel Ends
40 Ream the King Pin Bushings
18 Tie Rod and Cross Tube Assembly
Inner Knuckle Bore King Pin Seals
20 Department of Transportation Roadside Tie Rod Assembly
42 Knuckle to the Axle Beam
Replacement Criteria
45 Check Steer Knuckle Vertical End Play
21 Section 4: Disassembly 47 Draw Key Lock Nuts
Hazard Alert Messages King Pin Caps
Removal 48 Steering Arm
Wheel Ends 49 Install the Tie Rod Ends Into the Cross Tube
23 Drag Link Tie Rod Arms, Tie Rod Ends and Cross Tube Assembly
Steering Arm 50 Cross Tube and Tie Rod Ends
24 Tie Rod Arms, Tie Rod Ends and Cross Tube 51 Replace the Studs on a Unitized Wheel End
25 Draw Keys, King Pin Caps, King Pins and Steering Knuckle 54 Unitized Wheel End
28 King Pin Bushings 55 Hubcaps
57 Drag Link
Brake Components and Wheel Ends
Contents
pg. 58 Section 7: Adjustment
Hazard Alert Messages
Inspection
Inspection Before Alignment
Alignment
Front Wheel Alignment
59 Check and Adjust
Wheel Bearings
61 Adjustment
Maximum Turn Angle
62 Adjust the Pressure Relief in the Power Steering System,
Set the Maximum Turn Angle
64 Turning Radius Angle
King Pin Inclination
Recommended Camber, Caster and Toe Specifications
65 Camber Angle
Caster Angle
66 Measure and Adjust the Toe
67 Section 8: Troubleshooting
Hazard Alert Messages
Troubleshooting
Front Non-Drive Steer Axle Diagnostic Table
69 Section 9: Lubrication and Maintenance
Hazard Alert Messages
Maintenance
71 Lubrication
Lubricant Specifications
72 Hazard Alert Messages
Lubrication
Tie Rod End
73 King Pins
74 Ball Studs on the Steering Arm and the Tie Rod Arm Ends
Grease-Lubricated Wheel Bearings
75 Oil-Lubricated Wheel Bearings
Maintenance
Tighten Draw Key Nuts
76 Check the Steering Arm Bolts
78 Section 10: Specifications
Torque Specifications
Front Non-Drive Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends
80 Front Non-Drive Axles with Unitized Wheel Ends
82 Section 11: Special Tools
Special Tools
1 Exploded Views
Axle with a Conventional Wheel End
1 Exploded Views
Figure 1.1
40
37
39 36
51
38
6 7
44a
38
46 45 40 1 2
44b 39
42 8 9
47 3 12 10
48 41
49 43
50 13
56
11
55
53 61 4
5 14
54 58
52
17
16 15
60
59
57 19
A 20
21
27 45
29 22 18
25 24 23
26
28 12
31
33 13
11
35 34
30
10
32
B 8 9
63a 6 7
65
63b
63c
62
64
66
1003427f
1 Exploded Views
Item Description Item Description
A Double Nut 35 Capscrew and Washer
B Single Nut 36 Axle Beam
1 Cotter Pin 37 Shims
2 Drag Link-to-Steering Arm Castle Nut 38 Tapered Draw Key
3 Steering Arm 39 Threaded Draw Key
4 Key 40 Threaded Draw Key Nut
5 Ball Stud 41 Thrust Bearing and Flat-Type Bearing Seal
6 Capscrew and Washer 42 Thrust Bearing and Cover-Type Bearing Seal
7 Grease Fitting 43 Integral Thrust Bearing and Oil Seal
8 Greaseable Knuckle Cap 44a Steering Arm-to-Knuckle Castle Nut
9 Sealed Knuckle Cap 44b Steering Arm-to-Knuckle Castle Nut, Flared Base
10 Gasket 45 3/4-Inch Stop Bolt
11 Easy Steer™ King Pin Bushing 46 3/4-Inch Jam Nut
12 Bronze King Pin Bushing 47 1/2-Inch Stop Bolt
13 Nylon King Pin Bushing 48 1/2-Inch Jam Nut
14 Knuckle 49 3/4-Inch Adapter
15 King Pin Bushing Seal 50 Washer
16 Tie Rod Arm-to-Knuckle Castle Nut 51 Cotter Pin
17 Cotter Pin 52 Square Key
18 King Pin 53 Woodruff Key
19 Hub Grease Seal 54 Knuckle Tie Rod Arm
20 Inner Wheel Bearing Cone 55 Cotter Pin
21 Inner Wheel Bearing Cup 56 Tie Rod Arm-to-Tie Rod End Castle Nut
22 Stud 57 Tie Rod End
23 Hub 58 Clamp Bolt
24 Outer Wheel Bearing Cup 59 Clamp Lock Nut
25 Outer Wheel Bearing Cone 60 Cross Tube Clamp
26 Adjusting Nut 61 Cross Tube
27 Pierced Lock Ring 62 Knuckle with Integral Tie Rod Arm and Torque Plate
28 Lock Washer 63a Old Style Threaded Knuckle Cap
29 Wheel Bearing Nut 63b New Style Threaded Knuckle Cap
30 “D” Washer 63c Round Threaded Knuckle Cap
31 Adjusting Nut 64 Bolt-On Steering Arm
32 Cotter Pin 65 Steering Arm Capscrew
33 Gasket 66 Knuckle with Integral Tie Rod Arm
34 Hubcap
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 1
1 Exploded Views
Axle with a Unitized Wheel End
Figure 1.2
16 23
17
22
2b 2a
1
9
21 20
6 R 24
19 7 L 25 26
18 3
4
27
17 28
8 15
11 37
10
R 13
L 14 12 5
30
29
4
32 31
33
34 3
35
36 2
1
1003369i
2 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
1 Exploded Views
Item Description Item Description
1 Grease Fitting 34 Star/Lock Washer
2a New, Round King Pin Cap 35 Wheel Bearing Nut
2b Old, Hexagon King Pin Cap 36a Threaded Hubcap
3 King Pin Bushing 36b Snap-Ring Hubcap
4 King Pin Seal 37 Spindle O-Ring
5 King Pin
6 0.10-Inch Shim
7 0.05-Inch Shim
8 Thrust Bearing and Seal Assembly
9 Axle Center Beam
10 Cross Tube Assembly
11 Cross Tube Clamp Bolt
12 Cross Tube Nut, Right-Hand
13 Cross Tube End, Right-Hand
14 Cross Tube End, Left-Hand
15 Lower Draw Key
16 Upper Draw Key
17 Draw Key Nut
18 Tie Rod End Nut Cotter Pin
19 Cross Tube End Nut
20 Stop Screw
21 Stop Nut
22 Steering Arm
23 Steering Arm Capscrew
24 Knuckle and Tie Rod Assembly, Right-Hand
25 Knuckle and Tie Rod Assembly, Left-Hand
26 O-Ring
27 Bushing
28 Grease Seal Assembly
29 Bushing
30 Wheel Stud
31 Unitized Wheel End
32 Flat Thick Washer
33 Wheel Bearing Nut
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 3
2 Introduction
Hazard Alert Messages
2 Introduction
Figure 2.2
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in DRIVER SIDE
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
WARNING STEERING
ARM
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection CURBSIDE
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
KNUCKLE
Description
TIE
The descriptions and procedures contained in this maintenance ROD
TIE ARM
manual are applicable to all Meritor front non-drive steer axles.
ROD
END TIE
Meritor front non-drive steer axles in this manual feature the
ROD
following components. Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2.
EASY STEER PLUSTM MFS WITH UNITIZED WHEEL END
Figure 2.1
1000001e
DRIVER SIDE
Figure 2.2
STEERING
Tie Rod Arm, Knuckle and King Pin
ARM CURBSIDE The right tie rod arm is a mirror image of the left, and they are linked
by the cross tube assembly. An integral tie rod design is used on
Easy Steer Plus™ and MFS axles.
KNUCKLE
The right knuckle and king pin assembly is similar to the left, except
TIE that it does not have a steering arm attached to it as in a manual
ROD steering system.
TIE ARM
ROD A power steering system requires a steering arm in various
END TIE ROD CROSS
TUBE ASSEMBLY applications for attachment of the auxiliary assist cylinder to the
CONVENTIONAL NON-DRIVE STEER AXLE 1000318c right knuckle.
Figure 2.1 Steering Knuckle
Steering knuckles are rated according to the capacity of the front
axle. All models use straight king pins. Three types of king pin
bushings are used: nylon, bronze and Easy Steer™.
The brake spider has been combined into the knuckle of the Easy
Steer Plus™ axle.
Steering Arms
The steering arm, usually a forged component, converts the drag
link force into a turning movement through the left king pin and the
knuckle. Bolt-on steering arms are used on Easy Steer Plus™ and
MFS axles.
4 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
2 Introduction
Pitman Arm If the hubcaps are missing, you can use the axle model number to
determine if the axle is equipped with unitized wheel ends. To
The Pitman arm converts the output torque from the steering
identify the model number, refer to the axle identification plate on
gear into the control force applied to the drag link. This linkage
the front of the beam. Figure 2.5.
component connects the steering gear to the linkage at the center
link end. A unitized wheel end also has been referred to as a truck hub unit,
Easy Steer Plus™ and a unitized hub.
Unitized Wheel End
Tie Rod Assembly
NOTE: A unitized wheel end has no user-serviceable parts.
Forged or cast tie rod assemblies are used on Meritor front
Figure 2.2.
non-drive steer axles. The tie rod assembly links both steering
knuckles for uniform movement and maintains steering control.
Unitized wheel ends are enclosed units with bearings lubricated
for the life of the entire component. This is an alternative to
conventional wheel ends. Refer to Table A for a list of Meritor axle
Cross Tube and Clamp Assembly
models equipped with unitized wheel ends. The cross tube and clamp assembly runs approximately parallel to
the front axle. The cross tube has right-hand and left-hand threads
Table A: Meritor Axle Models Equipped with Unitized on the appropriate side of the vehicle. Tie rod clamps secure the
Wheel Ends tie rod ends into the cross tube.
MFS-10-143D-N MFS-13-153D-N FF-983
Tie Rod Ends
MFS-10-144D-N MFS-13-144D-N FF-984
The tie rod ends include a ball joint and boot which thread into the
MFS-12-122D-N FF-981 FF-986 cross tube. Depending on the manufacturer’s design, tie rod ends
MFS-12-143D-N FF-982 FF-987 can be greaseable or non-greaseable.
MFS-12-144D-N Tie rod ends are either right-hand or left-hand threaded and
correspond to the inside threads at each end of the cross tube.
A unitized wheel end has “half moons” embossed on the center of Figure 2.4.
the hubcap. Figure 2.3.
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.3
CLAMP CROSS TUBE
TIE ROD
HALF MOONS END
BOLT
AND NUT 1003283b
Figure 2.4
4001199a
Figure 2.3
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 5
2 Introduction
Identification
The axle build information and assembly date for Meritor front
non-drive steer axles is on the axle identification tag. Figure 2.5.
The identification tag is fastened to the center of the beam at the
front surface. The axle assembly date is located in either the lower
right-hand or left-hand corner of the tag.
The Julian method is used to indicate the axle assembly date and is
shown in Figure 2.5. The first two digits indicate the year, and the
last three digits indicate the day of the year.
In the following example, 01 is the year 2001 and 327 refers to
November 22.
To identify the model number, refer to the identification plate on the
front of the beam. Use the complete model number to obtain parts.
Refer to Figure 2.6 for an explanation of non-MFS model numbers.
Refer to Figure 2.7 for an explanation of MFS model numbers.
Figure 2.5
VIEW OF AXLE BEAM
FACING VEHICLE
MODEL AND CUSTOMER
SPECIFICATION NUMBER
NUMBER
MODEL MFS-12-143A-N
CUSTOMER NO 01X21A62
ASSY PLANT & SERIAL NO AVF 9521109
DATE 01327
AXLE ASSEMBLY
AXLE PLANT AND
ASSEMBLY TAG SERIAL NUMBER
DATE EXAMPLE
1000319d
Figure 2.5
6 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
2 Introduction
Figure 2.6
Meritor Identification
Basic Capacity
A 5,000 lbs
B 6,000 lbs
C 7,000-8,000 lbs
D 9,000 lbs Basic Series
E 10,000 lbs.
F 12,000-13,200 lbs Brake Usage
Front Axle G 14,600 lbs
L 16,000-20,000 lbs
LX 30,000 lbs Specification Number
U 28,000-30,000 lbs
F F - 9 8 1 - L X - 122
Major Variation Number Design Variation
0 Pre-FMVSS-121 Design 0 Tapered King Pin
1 Straight Sealed King Pin and New Tie 1 Straight King Pin
Rod Assembly 2 Special Tie Rods
2 Sealed King Pin Construction 3 5" Drop from Center of Spindle to Pad
3 Larger Axle Beam and Knuckles 4 5" Drop from Center of Spindle
4 Easy Steer™ Design to Pad and Special Tie Rods
5 Tubular Axle Beam 5 Special Wheel Ends
6 Lightweight Axle Beam 6 Double Drop Beam
7 Center-Point™ Design
8 Easy Steer Plus™
1000003d
Figure 2.6
Figure 2.7
KPI Drop KPI Drop Hub, Tie Rod Arm, Brake Attachment Variation
(inches) (inches) (inches) (inches) A = Conventional, Non-Integral Tie Rod Arm, Non-Integral Brake
13 = 68.0 3.74 53 = 72.0 3.74 B = Conventional, Integral Tie Rod Arm, Non-Integral Brake
16 = 68.0 3.60 55 = 75.75 6.5 C = Conventional, Integral Tie Rod Arm, Integral Disc Brake
21 = 69.0 3.30 62 = 65.24 3.74 D = Unitized 65 mm, Integral Tie Rod Arm, Integral Drum Brake
22 = 69.0 3.50 63 = 65.25 3.74 E = Conventional, Integral Tie Rod Arm, Integral Drum Brake
23 = 69.0 3.5/2.0 75 = 60.0 2.50 F = Unitized 60 mm, Non-Integral Tie Rod Arm, Non-Integral Brake
24 = 69.0 5.00 85 = 67.5 2.50
33 = 71.0 3.74 G = Unitized 60 mm, Integral Tie Rod Arm, Integral Drum Brake
86 = 67.5 3.60
40 = 71.5 4.65 92 = 68.5 3.50 H = Unitized 60 mm, Integral Tie Rod Arm, Integral Disc Brake
43 = 71.5 3.74 94 = 68.5 5.00
44 = 71.5 5.00
51 = 72.0 3.30 Manufacturing
Location
N = N.A.
S = S.A.
M = Meritor M F S - XX - 0 0 0 X - N X XXX E = Europe
A = Australia/Asia
F = Front
Axle Spec. Number
S = Non-Drive Steer Axle
Brake Type
B = “B” Frame Brake L =
Q Plus™ Cam Brake
GAWR Pounds Beam, King Pin, Bushing Variation C = Air Disc Brake N =
None
or Tonnes 1 = Forged I-Beam, Straight King Pins — D = Wedge Brake (Dual P =
“P” Series Cam Brake
Ref: Target Market Non-Metallic Bushings Air Chambers) Q =
“Q” Series Cam Brake
2 = Forged I-Beam, Tapered King Pins — E = Wedge Brake (Dual R =
Cast Plus™ Brake
Needle Bearings Hydraulic Cylinders) S =
Wedge Brake (Single
4 = Forged I-Beam, Straight King Pins — F = Wedge Brake (Single Air Chamber)
Bronze Bushings Hydraulic Cylinder) T = “T” Series Cam Brake
5 = Forged I-Beam, Straight King Pins — G = DuraPark® Hydraulic W = “W” Series Cam
Needle Bearings Drum Brake
6 = Formed Beam, Straight King Pins — H = Quadraulic™ Disc Z = Non-Meritor Brake
Non-Metallic Bushings K = DiscPlus™ Air Disc
1003426g
Figure 2.7
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 7
3 Inspection
Hazard Alert Messages Meritor has determined that the use of plates in the above
3 Inspection
combination, and time frame, potentially reduces the service life of
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
the hub, which could result in an SKF hub flange fracture. If a hub
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
flange fractures, vehicle control, braking and stability are affected,
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
and the wheel may separate from the vehicle.
WARNING Meritor has further determined that vehicles equipped with other
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection wheel-end configurations not defined above, are not affected by the
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. use of wheel separator plates if correctly installed and maintained.
Also, Meritor has determined that FF-980 Series front axle
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to assemblies installed into vehicles after April 1998 can be used with
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with any wheel-end configuration and wheel separator plates, when
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by correctly installed and maintained.
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and A wheel separator plate is a 0.040-inch (1.016 mm) plastic spacer,
damage to components can result. which some vehicle users install between the wheel and the brake
drum onto front axle assemblies.
Replace damaged or out-of-specification axle components.
Do not bend, repair or recondition axle components by welding Wheel separator plates are intended to protect the wheels from
or heat-treating. A bent axle beam reduces axle strength, corrosion and fretting fatigue.
affects vehicle operation and voids Meritor’s warranty. Serious
Recommendation
personal injury and damage to components can result.
Meritor believes that the wheel attachment clamp joint must be
Before inspecting axle components, verify that the correct tools are carefully maintained with:
available. Using the correct tools will ensure safety and provide the
앫 Correct hardware.
most accurate results.
앫 Clean, flat, uncontaminated mounting surfaces.
앫 Dial indicator
앫 Correct nut torquing and retorquing practices.
앫 Tire blocks
Meritor believes that installing a wheel separator plate may make it
앫 Jack
more difficult to ensure correct wheel clamp with use over time.
앫 Safety stands Refer to the wheel separator plate manufacturer’s recommended
앫 Pry bar wheel stud nut torque maintenance practices.
앫 Torque wrench Meritor further believes that the use of more than one wheel
separator plate in a wheel end is inappropriate and that a wheel
separator plate should never be installed between the hub and the
Inspection
drum. This practice is expressly prohibited with Meritor axle models
MFS-12, FF-981, FF-982, FF-983, FF-984, FF-986 and FF-987.
Incompatibility of Wheel Separator Plates and
Unitized Wheel Ends Therefore, Meritor recommends that vehicle owners who install and
Meritor has determined that wheel separator plates are use wheel separator plates should also increase the frequency of
incompatible with the SKF Phase IV unitized wheel end on some their wheel-end maintenance, consistent with wheel separator plate
front axle assemblies. Vehicles with wheel mounting flanges of manufacturer’s recommended practices, so they are confident that
0.437-inch (11.1 mm) or less and brake drum mounting flanges of the intended wheel attachment clamp integrity is maintained.
0.25-inch (6.4 mm) or less assembled between September 1996
and March 1998 are affected.
8 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
3 Inspection
In addition, Meritor recommends that the users of wheel separator Figure 3.1
plates should contact the wheel separator plate manufacturers to DRAW KEY NUT
obtain recommendations and approval for any special application or 30-45 LB-FT (41-61 N•m)
more demanding environments (i.e., use at elevated temperature
ranges or frequent stop-start cycling) which may also potentially
affect the integrity of the wheel attachment system.
Inspect Parts
Fasteners
1. Verify that all fasteners are tightened to the specified torque.
1000004b
2. Use a torque wrench to check the torque. As soon as the
fastener starts to move, record the torque. Correct if Figure 3.1
necessary.
3. Replace any worn or damaged fasteners. Steering Knuckle Vertical End Play
Wear and Damage Table B: End Play Specifications
Inspect the parts of the axle for wear and damage. Look for bent or New or Rebuilt Axles 0.001-0.010-inch (0.025-0.254 mm)
cracked parts. Replace all worn or damaged parts. In-Service Axles 0.001-0.030-inch (0.025-0.762 mm)
Pivot Points
Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends
Verify that pivot points are not loose. Verify that the pivot points are
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
lubricated.
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake.
Operation 2. Use a jack to raise the vehicle until the front wheels are off the
Verify that all the parts move smoothly through the complete turning ground. Support the front axle with safety stands.
radius. 3. Install a dial indicator with the base on the I-beam and the tip
on the top knuckle cap. Figure 3.2.
Tire Wear
Inspect the tires for wear patterns that indicate suspension damage Figure 3.2
or misalignment. Correct if necessary.
Steering Arm Bolts
Check the torque on all bolt-on steering arm bolts every
200,000 miles (320 000 km). Refer to Section 9.
Draw Key Nuts
On axles with either conventional or unitized wheel ends, tighten the
draw key nuts to 30-45 lb-ft (41-61 N폷m) at the following intervals.
Figure 3.1. @
1000321c
앫 After the first 6,000 miles (10 000 km) of new vehicle operation
Figure 3.2
앫 Every 36,000 miles (58 000 km) of operation
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 9
3 Inspection
4. Place a pry bar between the boss for the tie rod arm and the 5. Set the dial indicator to ZERO.
I-beam. Push the knuckle to the BOTTOM of vertical travel.
6. Raise the jack until you start to lift the axle beam off the safety
Figure 3.3.
stands. Measure and record the dial indicator reading.
Figure 3.3
7. Lower the jack.
8. Place a jack and a wood block, with a hole that allows
clearance for the lower king pin grease fitting, under the lower
king pin cap area. Figure 3.4.
Figure 3.4
PRY BAR
CURBSIDE
1000004c
Figure 3.3
5. Set the dial indicator on ZERO. WOOD
BLOCK 1000005c
6. Use the pry bar to push the knuckle UPWARD. Record the
reading on the dial indicator. Figure 3.4
앫 If the reading is ZERO: Remove the knuckle. Refer to
9. Compare the reading you obtained with the correct end play
Section 4. Remove the shims from the shim pack. Refer to
Section 6. specifications in Table B.
앫 If the reading is ZERO: Remove the knuckle. Refer to
앫 If the reading is more than the correct end play
Section 4. Remove shims from the shim pack. Refer to
specifications in Table B: Remove the knuckle. Refer to
Section 4. Add shims to the shim pack. Refer to Section 6. Section 6.
앫 If the reading is more than the correct end play
Axles with Unitized Wheel Ends specifications: Remove the knuckle. Refer to Section 4.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent Add shims to the shim pack. Refer to Section 6.
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake.
Alternate Method to Measure End Play on Axles with Unitized
2. Use a jack to raise the vehicle until the front wheels are off the Wheel Ends
ground. Support the front axle with safety stands.
1. Turn the wheels to the RIGHT for a curbside knuckle or LEFT for
3. Turn the wheels STRAIGHT ahead. a driver-side knuckle measurement.
4. Install a dial indicator for each side of the axle beam. 2. Place a pry bar between the tie rod arm and the axle beam.
앫 For a curbside knuckle: Install a dial indicator with the Figure 3.5.
base on the axle beam. Place the dial indicator tip onto the
upper king pin cap.
앫 For a driver side knuckle: Remove the king pin cap. Install
a dial indicator with the base on the steering arm. Place the
dial indicator tip onto the exposed king pin top.
10 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
3 Inspection
Figure 3.5 Axles with Conventional and Unitized Wheel Ends
KING PIN
TOP
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake.
2. Use a jack to raise the vehicle until the wheels are off the
ground. Support the vehicle with safety stands.
3. Check the upper king pin bushing for wear. Install a dial
indicator with the base on the I-beam and the tip against the
side of the top of the knuckle. Figure 3.6 and Figure 3.7.
Figure 3.6
TIE ROD
ARM 1000006c
Figure 3.5
3. Set the dial indicator to ZERO.
4. Lift the knuckle UPWARD using a pry bar. Record the reading
on the dial indicator.
5. Compare the reading you obtained with the correct end play CONVENTIONAL WHEEL END — DRIVER SIDE
specifications in Table B. 1000323d
앫 If the reading is ZERO: Remove the knuckle. Refer to Figure 3.6
Section 4. Remove shims from the shim pack. Refer to
Section 6. Figure 3.7
앫 If the reading is more than the correct end play
specifications: Remove the knuckle. Refer to Section 4.
Add shims to the shim pack. Refer to Section 6.
Upper and Lower King Pin Bushings
Wheel-to-Hub Mounting
UNITIZED WHEEL END — DRIVER SIDE
To help determine the cause of movement and looseness, first
1000007e
check the wheel-to-hub mounting.
Figure 3.7
1. Verify that the wheel is mounted correctly and all wheel-end
fasteners and hardware are tightened to the correct
4. Set the dial indicator to ZERO.
specification.
5. Move the top of the tire side-to-side TOWARD and AWAY from
2. Apply the service brake to lock the hub and spindle together.
the vehicle.
앫 If movement is detected: The king pin or king pin
앫 If the dial indicator moves a total of 0.010-inch
bushings should be inspected. Refer to the procedure
(0.254 mm): The upper bushing is worn or damaged.
below.
Replace both bushings in the knuckle. Refer to Section 4,
앫 If applying the service brake eliminates the movement: Section 5 and Section 6. Figure 3.6 and Figure 3.7.
Proceed to Unitized Wheel Ends, Detailed Inspection in this
section to determine the unitized wheel-end hub end play.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 11
3 Inspection
6. Check the lower king pin bushing. Install a dial indicator so that Unitized Wheel Ends
the base is on the I-beam and that the tip is against the side of
the bottom of the knuckle. Figure 3.8 and Figure 3.9. WARNING
You must follow the unitized wheel-end maintenance and
Figure 3.8
inspection procedures provided in this manual to prevent
serious personal injury and damage to components.
The unitized wheel end is sealed and greased for life and does not
require lubrication. If you disassemble, or attempt to repair or
lubricate a unitized wheel-end assembly, you will void the Meritor
warranty. The inspection procedures provided in this manual do not
instruct you to disassemble the unitized wheel end.
앫 Unitized wheel ends are not adjustable.
CONVENTIONAL WHEEL END — FRONT VIEW CURBSIDE
1000324d 앫 Do not attempt to set or adjust end play.
Figure 3.8 Axles with Unitized Wheel-End Hubs and Assembly Dates of
July 1, 2000 to May 8, 2002
Figure 3.9
Vehicles built between July 1, 2000, and May 8, 2002 may be
equipped with wheel-end seals that allow contaminants to enter the
hub and wheel bearings. Contaminated wheel bearings will damage
the hub and spindle.
Check the vehicle’s identification decal located on the driver-side
door jamb to determine if the vehicle was built between 7-1-00 and
5-8-02. If the vehicle was built during this time period, also check
the axle identification plate on the front of the beam to determine
the axle model and axle assembly date, which is shown as a Julian
UNITIZED WHEEL END — FRONT VIEW CURBSIDE
date. Refer to Section 2.
1000008e
You must increase the frequency of inspection intervals on unitized
Figure 3.9 wheel ends with assembly dates of 00182 to 02098 to identify
contaminated hubs. Refer to the inspection procedures in this
section. The inspection frequency for axles with assembly dates of
7. Set the dial indicator to ZERO.
00182 to 02098 has been increased to include a Basic Inspection
8. Move the bottom of the tire side-to-side TOWARD and AWAY performed as part of the fleet’s normal preventive maintenance
from the vehicle. schedule, or not to exceed 50,000 miles (80 467 km). Disregard
original inspection intervals specified in this manual and begin with
앫 If the dial indicator moves a total of 0.010-inch
this more frequent schedule for vehicles assembled within the
(0.254 mm): The lower bushing is worn or damaged.
above time period.
Replace both bushings in the knuckle. Refer to Section 4,
Section 5 and Section 6. Figure 3.8 and Figure 3.9.
NOTE: This more frequent inspection schedule differs from the
usual recommendation, which begins Basic Inspections at
maximum 50,000-mile (80 467 km) intervals only after the initial
Detailed Inspection has been performed at 200,000 miles
(321 800 km).
12 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
3 Inspection
Wheel-to-Hub Mounting 4. Grasp the tire and wheel-end assembly at the nine and three
o’clock positions. Check for vertical and horizontal movement.
To help determine the cause of movement and looseness, first
With your hands, apply approximately 50 lb (23 kg) of force to
check the wheel-to-hub mounting.
the assembly. You should not feel or see any looseness or
1. Verify that the wheel is mounted correctly and all wheel-end movement.
fasteners and hardware are tightened to the correct
앫 If you feel or see any movement or looseness in the
specification.
tire and wheel-end assembly: Perform a detailed
2. Apply the service brake to lock the hub and spindle together. inspection to determine the cause of the movement, such
as worn king pin bushings or pins; wheel-to-hub-mounting
앫 If you detect movement or looseness: The king pin or
end play; unitized wheel-end hub end play; or a
king pin bushings should be inspected. Refer to procedure
combination of them all. To determine unitized wheel-end
in this section.
hub end play, refer to Detailed Inspection in this section.
앫 If applying the service brake eliminates movement or
looseness: Proceed to Detailed Inspection to determine the If other front axle components, such as king pin bushings,
require inspection or service, refer to the appropriate
unitized wheel-end hub end play.
procedures in this manual.
If the Vehicle is Equipped with ABS on the Steer Axle
Detailed Inspection
In addition to scheduled preventive maintenance, if driver reports
Perform detailed inspections after the initial 200,000 miles
indicate the ABS light has been coming ON, and ABS diagnostics
(321 800 km) of operation and after every additional 200,000 miles
indicate the sensor gap is out-of-adjustment, check for possible
wheel-end looseness as the cause. (321 800 km) of operation thereafter.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the rear wheels to
Basic Inspection prevent the vehicle from moving.
After the initial 200,000-mile (321 800 km) detailed inspection,
2. Remove the hubcap.
perform a basic inspection at each scheduled preventive
maintenance interval, not to exceed 50,000-mile (80 467 km) 3. Raise the vehicle so that the front wheels are off the ground.
intervals. Support the vehicle with safety stands. Do not use a jack to
support the vehicle.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the rear wheels to
prevent the vehicle from moving. NOTE: The outboard and inboard seals may purge small
2. Raise the vehicle so that the front wheels are off the ground. amounts of grease that are visible during inspection.
Support the vehicle with safety stands. Do not use a jack to Figure 3.10. This is a normal occurrence.
support the vehicle.
Figure 3.10
NOTE: If a ticking sound is detected during rotation, this does
not indicate a hub problem. It is a normal occurrence. GREASE
3. Visually inspect the unitized wheel end as you rotate the
tire and unitized wheel-end assembly. Verify that it rotates
smoothly and without noise. While rotating the wheel, grasp
the brake chamber to feel for unitized wheel-end hub vibration.
앫 If the tire and unitized wheel end assembly does not
rotate smoothly, or you hear noise (such as wheel
bearing grind) or feel wheel-end hub vibration during
rotation: Perform a detailed inspection. Refer to Detailed
Inspection in this section. 4000299b
Figure 3.10
앫 If the wheel end rotates smoothly: Proceed to Step 4.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 13
3 Inspection
4. Remove the wheel and drum. Attach the magnetic base of a 7. Install the tabbed washer and outer wheel bearing nut onto the
dial indicator onto the end of the spindle. Figure 3.11. Touch spindle. Tighten the outer wheel bearing nut to 200-300 lb-ft
the indicator stem perpendicular against the unitized (271-476 N폷m). @
wheel-end mounting face.
NOTE: The inner wheel bearing nut and the outer wheel
Figure 3.11
bearing nut are identical, but the torque values are different.
8. Reattach the dial indicator. Set the dial indicator to ZERO.
Do not rotate the wheel end. Place your hands at the nine and
three o’clock positions.
9. Push the unitized wheel end straight IN. Note the reading.
DIAL Pull the unitized wheel end straight OUT. Note the reading.
INDICATOR
앫 If the total movement of the dial indicator is greater
than 0.003-inch (0.08 mm) but less than 0.006-inch
(0.15 mm): Record the measurement in a maintenance
4000308a log, and perform a basic inspection at the next
Figure 3.11 regularly-scheduled maintenance interval, or not to exceed
50,000 miles (80 467 km), whichever comes first.
5. Set the dial indicator to ZERO. Do not rotate the wheel end.
앫 If the total movement of the dial indicator is 0.006-inch
Place your hands at the nine and three o’clock positions.
(0.15 mm) or greater: Replace the unitized wheel-end
6. Push the unitized wheel end straight IN. Note the reading. Pull hub. You must inspect a replacement hub before you install
the unitized wheel end straight OUT. Note the reading. it. Refer to Replacement Hub Inspection in this section.
앫 If the total movement of the dial indicator is less than 10. After you’ve taken the measurement, bend the parts of the
0.003-inch (0.08 mm): The inspection is complete. No tabbed washer that protrude over the flats of the outer wheel
adjustment is required. bearing nut and the inner wheel bearing nut. Bend the washer
a minimum of one flat edge to each nut.
앫 If the total movement of the dial indicator is 0.003-inch
(0.08 mm) or greater: Remove the outer bearing nut and
NOTE: If a ticking sound is detected during rotation, this does
tabbed washer. Tighten the inner wheel bearing nut to
not indicate a hub problem. It is a normal occurrence.
500-700 lb-ft (679-949 N폷m) while rotating the unitized
wheel end a minimum of five rotations. Figure 3.12. @ 11. Verify that the unitized wheel end rotates smoothly and without
noise. While rotating the wheel, grasp the brake chamber to
Figure 3.12
feel for unitized wheel-end hub vibration.
PROTECTIVE UNITIZED
HUBCAP WHEEL END 앫 If the tire and unitized wheel-end assembly does not
INNER rotate smoothly, or you hear noise (such as wheel
OUTER WHEEL bearing grind) or feel wheel-end hub vibration during
WHEEL BEARING
BEARING NUT rotation: Replace the unitized wheel-end hub. You must
NUT inspect a replacement hub before you install it. Refer to
O-RING Replacement Hub Inspection in this section.
INNER “D” 앫 If the wheel end rotates smoothly: The inspection is
TABBED WASHER
complete. Reinstall the wheel-end equipment. Return the
WASHER 1000063e
vehicle to service.
Figure 3.12
14 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
3 Inspection
Inspection with an Optional Meritor Hub Bearing Analyzer Kit Figure 3.13
After the initial 200,000-mile (321 800 km) inspection, perform the
inspection at each scheduled preventive maintenance interval, not
to exceed 50,000-mile (80 467 km) intervals. LCD
DISPLAY
The Meritor hub bearing analyzer kit, TP0306K, is available from
Archway Marketing Services. To obtain this kit, call 248-435-8689, LED ON/OFF
send a fax to 248-435-1495 or send an e-mail to BUTTON
arvinmeritororders@archway.com. REMOTE
DATA
The following tools are required for the hub bearing analyzer BUTTON
inspection. 4001195a
앫 A jack, wheel blocks and safety stands Figure 3.13
앫 A torque wrench with 700 lb-ft (949 N폷m) capability
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the rear wheels to
The Meritor Hub Bearing Analyzer kit contains the following tools. prevent the vehicle from moving.
앫 Digital tachometer, Shimpo or equivalent 2. Raise the vehicle so that the front wheels are off the ground.
Support the vehicle with safety stands. Do not use a jack to
앫 Reflective tape
support the vehicle. Position the safety stands to allow steering
앫 Hand crank lock-to-lock movement.
앫 Tripod stand 3. At the initial 200,000-mile (321 800 km) inspection only,
check the torque on the two wheel nuts (50,000-mile
앫 Hub bearing analyzer, SKF SecuriCheck™ [80 467 km] interval inspections do not require a wheel-end
The SKF SecuriCheck™ hub bearing analyzer is a hand-held nut torque check).
inspection tool for checking wheel bearings. Figure 3.13. The A. Remove the hubcap.
analyzer collects and processes vibration data. The on/off button
toggles the analyzer on and off. When toggled on, a five-minute NOTE: The outboard and inboard seals may purge small
timer starts. If no buttons are pressed within five minutes, the amounts of grease that are visible during inspection.
analyzer automatically turns itself off. The battery low indicator on Figure 3.10. This is a normal occurrence.
the analyzer LCD display illuminates when battery power is low.
When the indicator illuminates, immediately replace or recharge B. Remove the outer bearing nut and tabbed washer.
both AA batteries. If the analyzer’s internal sensor is overloaded, Tighten the inner wheel bearing nut to 500-700 lb-ft
the LED on the remote unit will show an orange light, or no light. (679-949 N폷m) while rotating the unitized wheel end a
minimum of five rotations. Figure 3.12. @
If this occurs, wait for the LED to turn green, which indicates that
the sensor is no longer overloaded. The up/down arrow buttons are C. Install the tabbed washer and outer wheel bearing nut
used to change operating modes. Operate the analyzer in the onto the spindle. Tighten the outer wheel bearing nut to
remote data collection mode. 200-300 lb-ft (271-476 N폷m). @
D. Bend the parts of the tabbed washer that protrude over
the flats of the outer wheel bearing nut and the inner
wheel bearing nut. Bend the washer a minimum of one
flat edge to each nut. Install the hubcap.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 15
3 Inspection
4. Grasp the tire and wheel-end assembly at the nine and three Figure 3.15
o’clock positions. Check for vertical and horizontal movement.
With your hands, apply approximately 50 lb (23 kg) of force to
the assembly. You should not feel or see any looseness or
movement.
If you feel or see any movement or looseness in the tire and
wheel-end assembly, follow the procedure below to determine
the cause.
REFLECTIVE
A. Check the wheel-to-hub mounting. Verify that the wheel is TAPE
mounted correctly and all wheel-end fasteners and
hardware are tightened to the correct specification.
B. Apply the service brake to lock the hub and spindle
together. 4000877c
앫 If you detect looseness or movement: The king pin Figure 3.15
or king pin bushings should be inspected. Refer to
procedure in this section. 7. Use a rag and wire brush to clean the king pin cap. Attach the
앫 If applying the service brake eliminates looseness magnetic base of the hub bearing analyzer to the king pin cap.
or movement: Proceed to Step 5. Position the analyzer so that both magnets are on the cap.
Figure 3.16.
5. Turn the tire to provide access to the king pin cap. Remove one
wheel stud nut and use a wrench to install the hand crank, Figure 3.16
included in the kit, onto the wheel stud. Figure 3.14.
Figure 3.14
4000878c
Figure 3.16
4000876b
Figure 3.14 8. Turn on the hub bearing analyzer. A green light will illuminate
on the tool. Operate the analyzer in remote data collection
6. Position the tripod and digital tachometer to read the tape as mode. Figure 3.13.
the tire turns. Locate the tape position with the red light by
pressing and holding the side switch on the digital tachometer. 9. Position the remote control with the cable routed on a rubber
Apply reflective tape to the tire. Figure 3.15. hood mount. The remote control cable must not be affected by
floor vibrations, vehicle component vibrations or tire
movement.
10. Use the hand crank to rotate the wheel and tire assembly
CLOCKWISE between 80 and 82 rpm. Figure 3.17.
16 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
3 Inspection
Figure 3.17
앫 If the light is red: Replace the unitized wheel-end hub.
You must inspect a new hub before you install it. Refer to
Replacement Hub Inspection in this section.
앫 If the light is green: The unitized wheel-end hub is good.
Replacement Hub Inspection
1. Remove the replacement hub from the box and place it onto a
clean surface.
2. Examine the interior of the hub to verify the following.
A. The inner clip ring has not become dislodged in shipment
and is in correct alignment with the inner and outer
4000879c
bearings. The gap between the inner and outer bearing
Figure 3.17 sets and the clip ring must be equal. Figure 3.19.
B. The gap between the ends of the clip ring must be equal
11. When the digital tachometer reads 80 rpm, release the hand
and not exceed 0.25-inch (6 mm). If necessary, adjust by
crank and push the button on the hub bearing analyzer remote
hand. Figure 3.19.
control. Figure 3.18.
C. The bearing face must be clean with no seal coating, dirt
Figure 3.18
or dust.
Figure 3.19
A
INNER
BEARING C
SET
CLIP
RING
B
OUTER
4000880b BEARING
SET
Figure 3.18
앫 If the light is green: The unitized wheel-end hub is good. A AND B MUST BE EQUAL
C MUST NOT EXCEED 0.25" (6 MM) 4001196a
앫 If the light is red: Repeat the test after verifying the
Figure 3.19
following conditions.
— The brakes are backed-off.
— The king pin cap and analyzer magnets are clean.
— The cable is not pinched or rubbing.
— There is no vehicle component, such as hood,
movement during remote triggering.
— Actuation of remote control is smooth, not jerky.
— Wheel RPM is between 80-82.
— Wheel balancing devices are not causing a vibration.
— The king pin is thoroughly greased to dampen vibration.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 17
3 Inspection
3. Examine the exterior of the hub to verify the following. Regularly-scheduled inspection and maintenance helps to minimize
the effects of tie rod end wear on the vehicle. Refer to Table L for
A. There is no visible damage to the inboard or outboard
inspection intervals. Figure 3.22.
seals and the bearings have not become unseated.
Figure 3.20 and Figure 3.21. Figure 3.22
B. The tone ring teeth are not damaged and there are no BALL/STUD
broken or missing teeth on the tone ring. Figure 3.21.
BALL/STUD
Figure 3.20
NATURAL
PIVOT
OUTBOARD WEAR
SEAL BALL/STUD
NATURAL
BEARING
WEAR
4001197a
Figure 3.20
SOLID STEEL
BEARING SURFACE
Figure 3.21
1003401f
Figure 3.22
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface with the wheels STRAIGHT.
Block the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving. Set the
parking brake. Figure 3.23.
INBOARD Figure 3.23
SEAL
TONE
RING
4001198a
Figure 3.21
Tie Rod and Cross Tube Assembly
NOTE: Do not grease the tie rod assembly before you perform TIE
TIE CROSS
ROD
the inspection. ROD
END TUBE
ARM 1000325b
You may not be able to detect loose or worn tie rod ends during Figure 3.23
operation. Under normal operating conditions, wear occurs over
time. The preload bearings inside each tie rod end provide less 2. Raise the vehicle so that the front wheels are off the ground.
resistance, which can affect steering control, front tire wear and Support the vehicle with safety stands. Do not use a jack to
other axle components. support the vehicle.
18 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
3 Inspection
3. With the engine off, turn the wheels from full left to full right. 6. Check that the tie rod end is threaded correctly into the cross
Return to the straight-ahead position. This step will require tube and installed deeper than the end of the cross tube slot.
more force for vehicles with the power steering off. The tie rod end must be visible the entire length of the cross
tube slot. Figure 3.26.
4. Check the tie rod boot for cracks, tears or other damage. Also
check the boot seals for damage. Replace the entire tie rod end Figure 3.26
if the boot is damaged or missing. Figure 3.24. Tie rod end installed
deeper than the end of
Figure 3.24
the cross tube slot.
Cracked or torn boot
requires entire
tie rod end replacement.
TIE ROD
CROSS Tie rod threads
4000283b TUBE SLOT must be visible
END the entire length
Figure 3.24 of the cross tube slot. 4000285a
Figure 3.26
WARNING
Verify that a cotter pin is installed through the tie rod end, 7. Check that the grease fittings are installed. Replace a damaged
and the tie rod end nut is tightened to the correct torque grease fitting.
specification. Replace a missing cotter pin and tighten a loose
tie rod end nut. A missing cotter pin or loose tie rod end nut 앫 If the tie rod ends are non-greaseable: Do not install a
can cause loss of steering control. Serious personal injury and grease fitting. Figure 3.27.
damage to components can result.
Figure 3.27
5. Check that the tie rod nut is installed and secured with a ALTERNATE
cotter pin. GREASE
FITTING
앫 If the cotter pin is missing: Tighten the tie rod end nut to LOCATIONS
the correct specification. Install a new cotter pin. Always
tighten the tie rod nut to the specified torque when setting
the cotter pin. Refer to Section 10. Do not back-off the nut
to insert the cotter pin. Figure 3.25.
Figure 3.25 4000289a
Missing cotter pin
indicates unsafe Figure 3.27
condition and requires
immediate replacement.
8. By hand or using a pipe wrench with jaw protectors to avoid
gouging the cross tube, rotate the cross tube toward the
FRONT of the vehicle and then toward the REAR. After rotating,
center the cross tube between the stop positions.
앫 If the cross tube will not rotate in either direction:
Replace both tie rod ends.
STEERING
KNUCKLE 4000284a
Figure 3.25
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 19
3 Inspection
9. Position yourself directly below the ball stud socket. Using both Figure 3.29
hands, grasp the assembly end as close to the socket as CROSS
TUBE
possible, no more than 6-inches (152.4 mm) from the end. CLAMP
CAUTION
Only use your hands to check for movement or looseness of
the tie rod assembly. Do not use a crow bar, pickle fork or
two-by-four. Do not apply pressure or force to tie rod assembly
ends or joints. Do not rock the tires with the vehicle on the
ground or with the wheels raised. Damage to components CRACK
can result. DAMAGE 4000288a
Figure 3.29
10. Apply hand pressure of approximately 100 pounds in a vertical
PUSH and PULL motion several times. Check for any
movement or looseness at both tie rod ends. Figure 3.28. Department of Transportation Roadside Tie Rod
Assembly Replacement Criteria
앫 If there is any movement in the tie rod assembly:
Replace both tie rod ends. When the roadside check indicates tie rod movement of 1/8-inch
(3 mm) or more, immediately remove the vehicle from service to
Figure 3.28 replace the tie rod. Figure 3.29.
앫 If the roadside check is less than 1/8-inch (3 mm) tie rod
end movement: The vehicle does not need to be immediately
removed from a service run. Schedule a major out-of-service
inspection and maintenance as soon as possible.
Push.
Check movement
by hand.
Pull.
4000287a
Figure 3.28
CAUTION
Replace bent or damaged cross tubes with original equipment
parts of the same length, diameter and threads. Do not
attempt to straighten a bent cross tube. Damage to
components can result.
11. Inspect the cross tube and clamps for damage. Figure 3.29.
앫 If the cross tube is bent or cracked: Replace it. Use
original equipment parts of the same length, diameter and
threads.
앫 If the clamps are damaged: Replace them.
앫 If either clamp has become welded to the cross tube:
Replace the entire cross tube assembly. Use original
equipment parts of the same length, diameter and threads.
20 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
4 Disassembly
Hazard Alert Messages
4 Disassembly
Figure 4.1
DOUBLE NUT AND LOCK ADJUSTMENT
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent PIERCED
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both. WHEEL LOCK RING
BEARING
NUT
WARNING
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
ADJUSTING
NUT
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to WHEEL
BEARING
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with NUT LOCK
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by WASHER 1000354c
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
Figure 4.1
damage to components can result.
Use a brass or leather mallet for assembly and disassembly A. For single nut fasteners, remove the cotter pin from the
procedures. Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces adjusting nut. Figure 4.2.
of a part can break off. Serious personal injury and damage to B. Remove the adjusting nut and the “D” washer from the
components can result. spindle. Figure 4.2.
Removal Figure 4.2
SINGLE NUT ADJUSTMENT
Wheel Ends
ADJUSTING
Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends NUT
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake.
2. Raise the front of the vehicle until the front wheels are off the
floor. Support the vehicle with safety stands.
COTTER “D”
3. Use the correct size socket to remove the capscrews that PIN WASHER
fasten the cap to the hub. Remove the cap and the gasket. 1000355b
4. Remove the fasteners for the wheel bearings. Refer to the
Figure 4.2
appropriate procedure.
A. For double nut and lock fasteners, bend the tabs of the 5. Remove the outer wheel bearing cone from the hub. Remove
flattened lock washer away from the wheel bearing nut the wheel, tire, hub and drum as an assembly.
and the adjusting nut. Figure 4.1.
6. Remove the brake components. Refer to the brake
B. Remove the wheel bearing nut, the lock washer, the manufacturer’s procedures.
pierced lock ring and the adjusting nut from the knuckle.
7. Remove the oil seal from the hub. Remove the inner wheel
Figure 4.1.
bearing cone.
8. Inspect the wheel bearings. Refer to Section 5.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 21
4 Disassembly
Axles with Unitized Wheel Ends Figure 4.4
NOTE: You may have to remove the unitized wheel end when
servicing the king pin, brake cam shaft or when replacing the studs
on the unitized wheel end. Unitized wheel end removal is not
typically required for servicing the brakes, the tie rod assembly or
the steering arms.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake.
2. Remove the hubcap.
4000303c
A. For threaded hubcaps, use the correct size socket to turn
Figure 4.4
the hubcap COUNTERCLOCKWISE. Figure 4.3.
B. Remove the threaded protective hubcap from the hub. 6. Remove the outer wheel bearing nut and the tabbed washer
from the spindle.
Figure 4.3
7. Remove the inner wheel bearing nut and the inner washer from
PROTECTIVE UNITIZED the spindle.
HUBCAP WHEEL END
INNER
OUTER WHEEL CAUTION
WHEEL BEARING Align the unitized wheel end STRAIGHT onto the spindle. Do
BEARING NUT
NUT
not allow the assembly to misalign and contact the spindle
threads. Bearing damage can occur that requires replacement
O-RING
of the entire unitized wheel end.
INNER “D”
TABBED WASHER
Hub bearings are not serviceable. Do not remove bearings
WASHER 1000063e
from the unitized wheel end. Damage to components can
Figure 4.3
result.
8. Remove the unitized wheel end STRAIGHT from the spindle.
A. For snap-ring hubcaps, insert a screwdriver into the Figure 4.3.
notched end of the snap ring. Figure 4.4.
9. Remove and discard the spindle O-ring. Replace it during
B. Remove the snap ring by moving the screwdriver around assembly.
the circumference of the ring.
C. Remove the snap-ring hubcap. NOTE: The spindle O-ring enables you to remove the unitized
wheel-end hub from the spindle more easily, because it helps
3. Use a jack to raise the vehicle so that the front tires are off the to prevent contaminants from entering the assembly.
ground. Support the front axle with safety stands.
4. Remove the tire and wheel assembly. When you remove the unitized wheel-end hub, install a new
O-ring.
5. Bend back and flatten the washer tab folded against the flat
edge of the outer wheel bearing nut.
22 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
4 Disassembly
10. If the unitized wheel end is difficult to remove from the spindle, Drag Link
use the following procedure.
Refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s procedures. Figure 4.7
A. Use a brass hammer to remove two studs from opposite
sides of the unitized wheel end. Figure 4.7
B. Install a 17.5-ton cross block puller with two 8 x 7/8-inch
Grade 8 bolts. Figure 4.5.
C. Use a wrench to gradually tighten the forcing nut and
washer against the cross block to separate the unitized
wheel end from the knuckle spindle. Figure 4.6.
앫 If you’ve applied force and the part has not
moved: Use a cross block puller with a larger capacity
DRAG STEERING
D. Repeat this procedure to remove the unitized wheel end PITMAN LINK
ARM ARM 1000349b
on the opposite side of the axle, if required.
Figure 4.7
Figure 4.5
8" x 7/8" GRADE 8 BOLTS
INTO STUD HOLES ON
Steering Arm
OPPOSITE SIDES OF HUB
Axles with a Keyed Steering Arm
1. Remove the cotter pin and nut that fasten the steering arm to
the drag link. Disconnect the steering arm from the drag link.
Figure 4.7.
2. Remove the cotter pin and nut that fasten the steering arm to
FORCING NUT the knuckle. Figure 4.8.
FORCING
BOLT BELOW CROSS
BLOCK
Figure 4.8
4000300b
Figure 4.5
STEERING
ARM COTTER
PIN
Figure 4.6
8" x 7/8" WASHER NUT AND
GRADE 8 BOLT SLIDING
PLATE
CROSS
BLOCK
NUT KEY
4000693a
FORCING
SCREW Figure 4.8
FORCING 3. Remove the steering arm from the knuckle. If necessary, use a
NUT AND
WASHER 4000301a leather or plastic mallet to tap on the end of the arm and
separate the arm from the knuckle.
Figure 4.6
4. Remove the key from the steering arm. Inspect the steering
arm. Refer to Section 5.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 23
4 Disassembly
Axles with a Bolt-On Steering Arm Figure 4.10
1. Remove the two steering-arm-to-knuckle capscrews from the
knuckle assembly. Figure 4.9.
Figure 4.9 TIE ROD
ARM
TIE ROD
END
1000351b
Figure 4.10
2. Disconnect the cross tube assembly from the tie rod arms.
1000025c If available, use a tie rod end puller to separate the tie rod end
Figure 4.9
from the tie rod arm. Figure 4.10.
3. Remove the cotter pin and nut that fastens the tie rod arms in
2. Remove the steering arm from the knuckle. If necessary, use a the knuckle.
leather or plastic mallet to tap the outside of the arm and
4. Remove the tie rod arms from the knuckle. If necessary, use a
separate the arm from the knuckle.
leather or plastic mallet to tap on the end of the rod. Remove
3. Remove the steering arm. Inspect the steering arm. Refer to the key.
Section 5.
5. If necessary, use this procedure to remove the tie rod ends.
Tie Rod Arms, Tie Rod Ends and Cross Tube A. Mark the position of each tie rod end in the cross tube.
Count and record the number of threads that appear
WARNING outside of the cross tube. Figure 4.11.
Support the tie rod assembly during maintenance and service
B. Remove the bolts and nuts from the clamp on the cross
to prevent serious personal injury and damage to components.
tube. Rotate the cross tube clamp to remove the nuts and
If the cross tube clamps are tack-welded, do not remove the
bolts from the clamp. Figure 4.12.
tack weld during tie rod assembly removal. If you remove the
tack weld, clamp force is reduced. Replace the cross tube if C. Remove the tie rod ends from the cross tube.
the weld is broken. Loss of steering control, serious personal
injury and damage to components can result. Figure 4.11
BOTTOM VIEW
CROSS TIE
CAUTION TUBE ROD END
Do not heat the arm to remove the tie rod assembly. Heating
the tie rod arm will soften parts. Damage to components
will result.
Axles with Removable Tie Rod Arms
1. Remove the cotter pins and nuts that fasten each tie rod end to
the tie rod arms. Figure 4.10.
TUBE MARKS
SLOT 1000027b
Figure 4.11
24 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
4 Disassembly
Figure 4.12
Draw Keys, King Pin Caps, King Pins and
Steering Knuckle
CLAMP Axles with Bolt-On King Pin Caps
1. Remove the wheel ends as described in this section.
2. Vent the air from the brake system. Disconnect the air lines
from the brakes.
3. Remove the brake components. Refer to the brake
BOLT manufacturer’s procedures.
AND
NUT 1000353b 4. Remove the tie rod arms and the steering arm from the
Figure 4.12 knuckle. Refer to the procedure in this section.
5. Remove the capscrews that fasten the king pin caps to the top
6. Inspect the parts. Refer to Section 5. and the bottom of the knuckle. Remove the caps and the
gaskets. Figure 4.14.
Axles with Integral Tie Rod Arms
1. Remove the cotter pins and nuts that fasten each tie rod end to
Figure 4.14
the tie rod arms. KNUCKLE
CAP
2. Disconnect the cross tube assembly from the tie rod arms. If
GASKET
available, use a tie rod end puller to separate the tie rod end
from the tie rod arm. Figure 4.13. If necessary, use a leather or
plastic mallet to tap on the tie rod end to loosen and remove it.
Figure 4.13
1000356b
Figure 4.14
TIE
6. Remove the plain or the threaded draw keys. Refer to Table C.
ROD
ARM Table C: Threaded or Plain Draw Keys
TIE
ROD Threaded Draw Keys Plain Draw Keys
END 1000026b
All other axle models FC-901, FC-921, FE-970,
Figure 4.13
FF-971 and FL-901
3. If necessary, use this procedure to remove the tie rod ends. 앫 For plain draw keys: Use a brass hammer and a steel
A. Mark the position of each tie rod end in the cross tube. drift to remove the draw key. Place the drift onto the small,
Count and record the number of threads that appear “D”-shaped end of the key. Figure 4.15.
outside of the cross tube. Figure 4.11.
앫 For threaded draw keys: Perform the following procedure.
B. Remove the bolts and nuts from the clamp on the cross
tube. Rotate the cross tube clamp to remove the nuts and
bolts from the clamp. Figure 4.12.
C. Remove the tie rod ends from the cross tube.
4. Inspect the parts. Refer to Section 5.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 25
4 Disassembly
A. Loosen the threaded draw key lock nut until the top of the Figure 4.17
lock nut is even with the end of the draw key.
B. Use a brass drift and a hammer to hit the end of the draw
key. Figure 4.16.
C. Remove the nut from the draw key. Remove the draw key
from the knuckle.
Figure 4.15
KING PIN
1000359b
Figure 4.17
8. If the king pin is hard to remove, use a hydraulic king pin
remover. Refer to Section 11. To obtain this tool, refer to the
Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
1000390b 9. Remove the knuckle from the axle beam.
Figure 4.15
WARNING
Figure 4.16
Wear gloves when you remove or install shims. Shims have
sharp edges that can cause serious personal injury.
DRAW
KEY
NUT
10. While wearing gloves, remove the shims, the thrust bearing
and the seal from the beam and knuckle. Figure 4.18.
Figure 4.18
KNUCKLE
SHIMS,
BETWEEN
KNUCKLE
AND BEAM
1000358b
Figure 4.16
7. If you’re not replacing the bushings, use the following
procedure to prevent damaging the bushings during king pin
removal.
THRUST BEARING
A. Use a brass drift and a hammer to remove the king pins AND SEAL 1000360b
from the knuckle. Figure 4.17. Figure 4.18
B. Remove any flaring on the drift that touches the bushings.
C. Wrap tape to a thickness of 1/16-inch (1.5 mm) onto the 11. Inspect the parts. Refer to Section 5.
end of the drift.
26 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
4 Disassembly
Axles with Threaded King Pin Caps Figure 4.21
1. Remove the wheel end as described in this section.
2. Vent the air from the brake system. Disconnect the air lines
from the brakes.
3. Remove the brake components. Refer to the brake
manufacturer’s procedures.
4. Remove the steering arm from the knuckle, if applicable.
5. Remove the top and bottom king pin caps. Figure 4.19.
DRAW
NUT KEY 1000032b
Figure 4.19
Figure 4.21
CAP
7. If you’re not replacing the bushings, use the following
procedure to prevent damage to the bushings during king pin
removal.
A. Use a hammer and brass drift to remove the king pins
from the knuckle. Figure 4.22.
B. Remove any flaring on the drift that touches the bushings.
1000030b C. Wrap tape to a thickness of 1/16-inch (1.5 mm) onto the
end of the drift.
Figure 4.19
Figure 4.22
6. Use the following procedure to remove the upper and lower
draw keys from the knuckle.
BRASS
A. Loosen the draw key nut. Use a brass drift and a hammer DRIFT
TOOL
to hit the end of the draw key. Figure 4.20.
B. Remove the nut from the draw key. Figure 4.21. Remove
the draw key from the knuckle.
Figure 4.20
KING
PIN 1000033b
Figure 4.22
8. If the king pin is hard to remove, use a hydraulic king pin
remover. Refer to Section 11. To obtain this tool, refer to the
Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
HAMMER 1000031b
Figure 4.20
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 27
4 Disassembly
WARNING King Pin Bushings
Wear gloves when you remove or install shims. Shims have
WARNING
sharp edges that can cause serious personal injury.
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious
9. While wearing gloves, remove the integral thrust bearing and
personal injury.
seal, and the shims from the beam and knuckle. Figure 4.23.
Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends — Nylon Bushings
Figure 4.23
1. Remove and discard the lower king pin seal. Figure 4.25.
KNUCKLE SHIMS,
BETWEEN Figure 4.25
KNUCKLE CONVENTIONAL
AND BEAM
KING
PIN
THRUST SEAL
BEARING
AND SEAL
Use gloves.
1000034b
Figure 4.23
1000361b
10. Remove the knuckle from the axle beam. Figure 4.24. Inspect Figure 4.25
the parts. Refer to Section 5.
2. Turn the knuckle upside down and remove the upper king pin
Figure 4.24
seal. Remove the old bushings.
3. Remove the top and the bottom bushings from the knuckle
bore. Figure 4.26.
INTEGRAL THRUST
BEARING SEAL
Figure 4.26
ASSEMBLY
NYLON
BUSHING
1000035b
Figure 4.24
1000375c
Figure 4.26
28 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
4 Disassembly
Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends — Easy Steer™ and Figure 4.28
Bronze Bushings
1. Remove and discard the lower king pin seal. Figure 4.25.
2. Turn the knuckle upside down and remove the upper king pin
seal. Remove the old bushings.
NOTE: For some axles, you can remove the bushings with a
bushing service kit. Refer to Section 11.
3. Make a tool to remove the bushings. Refer to Section 11. Remove and discard
upper and lower seals.
4. Place the knuckle in a vise. Use a press with a five-ton
1000036c
capacity. The knuckle must not move when the bushings are
removed. Figure 4.28
5. Install the tool into the upper king pin bushing. Press the upper
king pin bushing from the knuckle bore. Figure 4.27. 3. Use the following procedure to remove the old bushings.
6. Turn the knuckle upside down and install the tool into the lower A. Make a tool to remove the bushings. Refer to Section 11.
king pin bushing. Press the lower bushing from the knuckle B. Place the knuckle into a vise. Use a press with a five-ton
bore. Figure 4.27. capacity. The knuckle must not move when the bushings
are removed.
Figure 4.27
C. Install the tool into the upper king pin bushing and press it
UPPER from the knuckle bore. Figure 4.29.
KING PIN
BUSHING
D. Turn the knuckle upside down. Install the tool into the
lower king pin bushing and press it from the knuckle bore.
Figure 4.30.
POSITION OF BUSHINGS
IN KNUCKLE
Figure 4.29
LOWER
KING PIN
BUSHING
1000363b
Figure 4.27
Axles with Unitized Wheel Ends — Easy Steer™ Bushings
1. Remove and discard the lower king pin seal. Figure 4.28. REMOVAL OF
OLD UPPER
2. Turn the knuckle over. Remove the upper king pin seal. BUSHING 1000037b
Figure 4.29
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 29
4 Disassembly
Figure 4.30
UPPER KING
PIN BUSHING
LOWER KING
PIN BUSHING 1000038b
Figure 4.30
30 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
5 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Hazard Alert Messages
5 Prepare Parts for Assembly
WARNING
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages Solvent cleaners can be flammable, poisonous and cause
in this publication. They provide information that can help prevent burns. Examples of solvent cleaners are carbon tetrachloride,
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both. and emulsion-type and petroleum-base cleaners. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a solvent cleaner,
WARNING then carefully follow the instructions. Also follow the
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection procedures below.
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. 앫 Wear safe eye protection.
Replace damaged or out-of-specification axle components. 앫 Wear clothing that protects your skin.
Do not bend, repair or recondition axle components by welding 앫 Work in a well-ventilated area.
or heat-treating. A bent axle beam reduces axle strength,
affects vehicle operation and voids Meritor’s warranty. Serious 앫 Do not use gasoline, or solvents that contain gasoline.
personal injury and damage to components can result. Gasoline can explode.
앫 You must use hot solution tanks or alkaline solutions
Replace correctly. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
using hot solution tanks and alkaline solutions. Then
Worn or Damaged Parts carefully follow the instructions.
Do not repair or recondition front axle components. Replace
damaged or out-of-specification components. All major components CAUTION
are heat-treated and tempered. Do not use hot solution tanks or water and alkaline solutions to
clean ground or polished parts. Damage to parts can result.
Do not perform the following operations on front axle components.
앫 Weld steering arms, tie rod arms, knuckles, king pins, axle Clean, Dry and Inspect Parts
beams, tie rod assemblies, hubs, drums or brakes.
앫 Hot- or cold-bend the knuckles, steering arms, tie rod arms, ball Ground or Polished Parts
studs, axle beams or tie rod assemblies. Use a cleaning solvent to clean the ground or polished parts and
surfaces. Kerosene or diesel fuel can be used for this purpose. DO
앫 Drill holes in the axle beam for the king pins.
NOT USE GASOLINE.
앫 Drill draw key holes in the knuckle.
Do NOT clean ground or polished parts in a hot solution tank or with
앫 Spray-weld bearing diameters onto the knuckles or into the water, steam or alkaline solutions. These solutions will cause
machined bores. corrosion of the parts.
앫 Disassemble the unitized wheel end.
Rough Parts
앫 Mill or machine any components.
Rough parts can be cleaned with the ground or polished parts.
Rough parts also can be cleaned in hot solution tanks with a weak
alkaline solution. Parts must remain in the hot solution tanks until
they are completely cleaned and heated.
Dry Cleaned Parts
Parts must be dried immediately after cleaning. Dry parts with clean
paper or rags, or compressed air. Do not dry bearings by spinning
with compressed air.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 31
5 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Prevent Corrosion on Cleaned Parts Original or Used Fasteners Using Meritor
Apply a light oil to cleaned and dried parts that are not damaged and Specification 2297-C-7049 Liquid Adhesive,
are to be immediately assembled. Do NOT apply oil to the brake Loctite® 680 Adhesive or Equivalent
linings or the brake drums.
WARNING
If the parts are to be stored, apply a good corrosion preventative to Take care when you use Loctite® adhesive to avoid serious
all surfaces. Do NOT apply the material to the brake linings or the personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
brake drums. Store the parts inside special paper or other material using this product. Follow the instructions to prevent irritation
that prevents corrosion. to the eyes and skin. If Loctite® adhesive material gets into
your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s emergency procedures.
NOTE: All tapered joints must be clean and dry with no lubrication Have your eyes checked by a physician as soon as possible.
or corrosion preventative applied to the mating surfaces.
1. Clean the oil, dirt and old adhesive from all threads and
Installation threaded holes. Use a wire brush.
New Fasteners with Pre-Applied Adhesive CAUTION
Patches Do not apply adhesive to the fastener threads. Air pressure in
the hole will push the adhesive out as the fastener is installed.
1. Clean the oil and dirt from the threaded holes. Use a wire brush
Damage to components can result.
to remove the old patch material. There is no special cleaning
required.
NOTE: There is no drying time required for Meritor
specification 2297-C-7049 liquid adhesive, Loctite® 680
CAUTION adhesive or equivalent.
Do not apply adhesives or sealants onto new fasteners with
pre-applied adhesive patches or into the threaded holes. If 2. Apply four or five drops of Meritor liquid adhesive, Loctite® 680
other adhesives or sealants are used, the new adhesive will adhesive or equivalent into each threaded hole or bore only.
not function correctly. Damage to components can result. Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2.
2. Assemble the parts using the new pre-applied adhesive Figure 5.1
fasteners.
AXLE WITH BOTTLE SPINDLE
Add four to five
NOTE: There is no drying time required for fasteners with drops of adhesive
into bore. Torque fastener
pre-applied adhesive.
to specifications.
3. Tighten the fasteners to the required torque value for that size
fastener. Refer to Section 10.
1000365b
Figure 5.1
32 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
5 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Figure 5.2
Inspection
BOLT-ON STEERING ARM
Parts
Axles with Conventional and Unitized Wheel Ends
WARNING
Apply two to three
Use only dye penetrant inspection techniques on unitized
drops onto
knuckle threads. wheel-end hub units. Be careful not to get penetrant fluids into
the bore of the hub unit. Do not use fluid immersion-based
crack inspection techniques. The fluids can enter the joint
between the inner bearing cones through the bore of the hub
1000040b unit and damage the lubricant. Serious personal injury and
damage to components can result.
Figure 5.2
Refer to the following guidelines to carefully inspect all
3. Tighten the fasteners to the required torque value for that size disassembled parts before assembly.
fastener. Refer to Section 10. 1. Inspect and replace any parts that are worn, cracked or
damaged. Check for cracks using dye penetrant, magnetic flux
Check the Torque Values of Dri-Loc® Fasteners or fluorescent particle testing methods. Follow the inspection
Not Requiring Removal product manufacturer’s procedures.
If Dri-Loc® fasteners do not require removal from components, use 2. Remove the old bushing from the knuckle. Measure the upper
the following procedure to check the fasteners for the correct torque knuckle bore inside diameter at two locations. Always use a
value. micrometer and a telescoping gauge when taking knuckle bore
Apply the minimum amount of torque required for that size fastener. measurements. Some rounding of the top and bottom bore
Refer to Section 10. The fastener must not rotate. edges is acceptable.
앫 If the fastener rotates: Remove the fastener from the 3. Measure the bore in four positions and at two locations. The two
component. Inspect the fastener and the hole for wear and locations must be 90 degrees opposite each other. Figure 5.3.
damage. Repair as necessary. 앫 If the average measurement is more than the knuckle
bore maximum diameter specification in Table D:
앫 If the fastener and the hole are in good condition: Apply
Replace the knuckle.
adhesive into the threaded hole. Follow the procedure to install
old Dri-Loc® fasteners. Figure 5.3
MEASUREMENT
PROCEDURE
Measure here,
then rotate 90˚.
UPPER
And repeat BORE
here.
Do same
down here. 1000366b
Figure 5.3
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 33
5 Prepare Parts for Assembly
4. Repeat this procedure for measuring the lower knuckle bore. 6. Measure the inner diameter of the new bushing after
Figure 5.4 and Figure 5.5. Refer to the knuckle bore maximum installation and reaming in four positions and at two locations.
diameter in Table D. The two locations must be 90 degrees opposite each other.
Figure 5.3.
앫 If measurements at either the upper or lower knuckle
bores exceed the knuckle bore maximum diameter in 앫 If the average measurement is more than the king pin
Table D: Replace the knuckle. bushing maximum inner diameter specification in
Table D: Replace the bushing.
Figure 5.4
7. Measure the inner bore diameter of the axle beam. Rounding
at the top and bottom of the beam is acceptable. Measure
the axle beam bore at four positions and at two locations.
Measure bushing bore
in four positions Figure 5.3. Refer to the guidelines below.
(90˚ opposed).
A. 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) below the top of the bore.
Figure 5.6.
KING PIN
BUSHING B. 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) above the bottom of the bore.
MEASUREMENT Figure 5.6.
CONVENTIONAL
1000367c
앫 If the average measurement is greater than the
axle beam bore maximum diameter in Table D:
Figure 5.4 Replace the entire axle beam.
Figure 5.6
Figure 5.5
Measure bore in
UNITIZED Measure upper four positions
and lower (90˚ opposed).
knuckle bore 0.5"
UPPER in four positions (12.7 MM)
AXLE BEAM
BORE (90˚ opposed).
MEASUREMENT
LOWER 0.5"
BORE (12.7 MM)
1000042b 1000368b
Figure 5.5 Figure 5.6
5. Measure the king pin bushing inside diameter using a
micrometer and a telescoping gauge.
앫 If the average inside diameter measurement is greater
than the king pin bushing maximum inner diameter in
Table D: Install a new bushing.
34 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
5 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Table D: Axle Wear Limits Specifications
Knuckle Bore Maximum Axle Beam Bore Maximum King Pin Bushing Maximum
Model Number Diameter Diameter Inner Diameter
FC-9011 1.2400 in. (31.4960 mm)
FC-9012 1.2380 in. (31.4420 mm)
1
1.3610 in. (34.569 mm)
FC-903 1.2380 in. (31.4450 mm) 1.2400 in. (31.4960 mm)
2
FC-903 1.2380 in. (31.4420 mm)
FC-921 1.3615 in. (34.582 mm) 1.2365 in. (31.4070 mm)
FC-941 1.6295 in. (41.389 mm) 1.5040 in. (38.2020 mm) 1.5020 in. (38.1510 mm)
FD-901 1.5630 in. (39.700 mm) 1.4375 in. (36.5125 mm) 1.4380 in. (36.5250 mm)
FD-931 1.7360 in. (44.094 mm) 1.6110 in. (40.9194 mm) 1.6105 in. (40.9067 mm)
FD-933
FD-961 1.9220 in. (48.818 mm) 1.7980 in. (45.6692 mm) 1.7960 in. (45.6180 mm)
FE-970 1.7360 in. (44.094 mm) 1.6110 in. (40.9194 mm) 1.6105 in. (40.9067 mm)
FF-921
FF-931
FF-932 1.7975 in. (45.6565 mm)
FF-933
FF-934
FF-941
1.7980 in. (45.6692 mm)
FF-942
FF-943
FF-944 1.7960 in. (45.6180 mm)
FF-961
FF-966
FF-967 1.9220 in. (48.818 mm)
FF-971 1.6105 in. (40.9067 mm) 1.6105 in. (40.9067 mm)
FF-981
FF-982
FF-983
1.7960 in. (45.6180 mm)
FF-984
FF-986
1.7980 in. (45.6692 mm)
FF-987
FG-931
1.7975 in. (45.6565 mm)
FG-933
FG-941
1.7960 in. (45.6180 mm)
FG-943
FL-931
2.0030 in. (50.8767 mm)
FL-933
FL-941 2.1270 in. (54.025 mm) 2.0030 in. (50.8762 mm) 2.0010 in. (50.8250 mm)
FL-943
FL-951 2.0030 in. (50.8767 mm)
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 35
5 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Table D: Axle Wear Limits Specifications (cont’d.)
Knuckle Bore Maximum Axle Beam Bore Maximum King Pin Bushing Maximum
Model Number Diameter Diameter Inner Diameter
FU-910
2.1900 in. (55.626 mm) 2.0655 in. (52.4637 mm) 2.0645 in. (52.4383 mm)
FU-935
MFS 6 1.3615 in. (34.582 mm) 1.2380 in. (31.4450 mm) 1.2365 in. (31.4070 mm)
MFS 7
1.6295 in. (41.389 mm) 1.5040 in. (38.2020 mm) 1.5020 in. (38.1510 mm)
MFS 8
MFS 10
MFS 12
1.9220 in. (48.818 mm) 1.7960 in. (45.6180 mm) 1.7980 in. (45.6692 mm)
MFS 13
MFS 14
MFS 16
MFS 18 2.1270 in. (54.025 mm) 2.0030 in. (50.8762 mm) 2.0010 in. (50.8250 mm)
MFS 20
1
Knuckles with nylon bushings.
2
Knuckles with bronze bushings.
Wheel Bearings Figure 5.7
Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends WORN
RADIUS
Inspect the wheel bearings when the hub is removed from the
knuckle spindle.
Remove all lubricant from the bearings, knuckle, hub and hubcap.
Inspect the cup, the cone and the rollers and cage of all bearings. If
any of the following conditions exist, you must replace the bearing.
WORN
앫 The center of the large diameter end of the rollers is worn level SURFACE 1000369c
or below the outer surface. Figure 5.7.
Figure 5.7
앫 The radius at the large diameter end of the rollers is worn to a
sharp edge. Figure 5.7.
앫 There is a visible roller groove in the cup or the cone inner race
Figure 5.8
surfaces. The groove can be seen at the small or large diameter
end of both parts. Figure 5.8.
앫 There are deep cracks or breaks in the cup, the cone inner race
or the roller surfaces. Figure 5.8. CRACK WEAR GROOVE
앫 There are bright wear marks on the outer surface of the roller
cage. Figure 5.9.
앫 There is damage on the rollers and on the surfaces of the cup
and the cone inner race that touch the rollers. Figure 5.10.
앫 There is damage on the cup and the cone inner surfaces that 1000370b
touch the rollers. Figure 5.11.
Figure 5.8
36 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
5 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Figure 5.9
Tie Rod Grease Fittings
WEAR MARKS
1. If a grease fitting is missing, install a new one. Do not install
a fitting if the tie rod end is a non-greaseable design.
Figure 5.12.
Figure 5.12
GREASE
FITTING
ALTERNATE
LOCATION
1000465b
Figure 5.9
Figure 5.10
ETCHING AND PITTING
1003414a
Figure 5.12
2. Tighten all grease fittings to 10 lb-ft (13.558 N폷m).
Figure 5.13. @
1000372b
Figure 5.13
Figure 5.10 GREASE FITTING
ALTERNATE LOCATION
Figure 5.11
SPALLING
AND
FLAKING
TORQUE WRENCH
USED TO TIGHTEN
GREASE FITTING
1000373d TO SPECIFICATION 1003415b
Figure 5.11 Figure 5.13
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 37
6 Assembly
Hazard Alert Messages Bronze and Easy Steer™ King Pin Bushing Installation without
6 Assembly
a Press — Axles with Conventional and Unitized Wheel Ends
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
NOTE: For some axles you can install the bushings without a press.
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both. Use a bushing service kit to install and ream the bushings. Refer to
Section 11.
WARNING
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection Bronze and Easy Steer™ bushings have an interference fit in the
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. knuckle bores and require a bushing installation tool. Refer to
Section 11. To obtain this tool, refer to the Service Notes page on
Installation the front inside cover of this manual.
1. Place the new bushing into the upper knuckle bore. On MFS-7
King Pin Bushings
and -8 front axles, the bushing hole must be aligned with the
Nylon Bushings — Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends grease fitting hole in the knuckle bore. Figure 6.2.
1. Insert the nylon bushing into each knuckle bore by hand. The
Figure 6.2
entire outer surface of the nylon bushing must be in contact
INSTALLATION
with the knuckle bore. TOOL
UPPER KNUCKLE
2. Check the nylon bushing installation before attempting to 1/8" (3 MM) GREASE
install the knuckle onto the axle beam. DEPTH FITTING
INSTALLATION HOLES
3. Pass the king pin through the upper and lower bores. Each
nylon bushing must be fully seated in the knuckle bore.
BUSHINGS
4. The bushing lube slots must align with the grease ports in the
knuckle. Figure 6.1. LOWER KNUCKLE
1/8" (3 MM)
DEPTH
Figure 6.1 INSTALLATION 1000376c
NYLON BUSHING ALIGNMENT —
SIDE GREASE FITTING NYLON Figure 6.2
BUSHING
2. Use the installation tool to start the bushing 1/8-inch (3 mm)
STRAIGHT into the upper bore. Figure 6.2.
SIDE
GREASE A. On Easy Steer™ bushings and for MFS axles, press the
FITTING bushing to a depth of 0.352-0.382-inch (8.94-9.70 mm)
below the top of the upper knuckle bore or until the
grease fitting holes are aligned. Figure 6.3.
B. On bronze bushings, press the bushing to a depth of
0.135-0.165-inch (3.5-4.0 mm) above the bottom of the
upper bore. Figure 6.4.
Align bushing
slots with
grease ports. 1000374b
Figure 6.1
38 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
6 Assembly
Figure 6.3 Bronze and Easy Steer™ King Pin Bushing Installation with a
EASY STEERTM TYPE BUSHINGS Press — Axles with Conventional and Unitized Wheel Ends
UPPER KNUCKLE —
OUTSIDE 1. Install the top king pin bushing first.
0.352-0.382"
(8.94-9.70 MM)
WARNING
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press
BUSHINGS
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious
personal injury.
LOWER KNUCKLE —
OUTSIDE 2. Place the knuckle in a press with the top of the knuckle toward
0.352-0.382" the top of the press. The top of the bores must be parallel to
(8.94-9.70 MM) 1000377c
the top of the press.
Figure 6.3
3. Place the new bushing into the upper knuckle bore. On MFS-7
and -8 front axles, the bushing hole must be aligned with the
Figure 6.4
grease fitting hole in the knuckle bore. Figure 6.2.
BRONZE TYPE BUSHINGS
4. Use the installation tool to press the bushing 1/8-inch (3 mm)
STRAIGHT into the upper bore. Release the pressure. Figure 6.2.
INSIDE
0.135-0.165"
(3.5-4.0 MM)
A. On Easy Steer™ bushings and for MFS axles, press the
bushing to a depth of 0.352-0.382-inch (8.94-9.70 mm)
BUSHINGS below the top of the upper knuckle bore or until the
INSIDE grease fitting holes are aligned. Figure 6.3.
0.135-0.165"
(3.5-4.0 MM) B. On bronze bushings, press the bushing to a depth of
1000378c
0.135-0.165-inch (3.5-4.0 mm) above the bottom of the
upper bore. Figure 6.4.
Figure 6.4
5. Turn the knuckle over so that the bottom of the knuckle is UP.
The bore must be parallel to the top of the press.
3. Turn the knuckle over so that the bottom of the knuckle is UP.
The bore must be parallel to the top of the press. 6. Place the new bushing into the lower knuckle bore. On MFS-7
and -8 front axles, the bushing hole must be aligned with the
4. Place the new bushing into the lower knuckle bore. On MFS-7
grease fitting hole in the knuckle bore. Figure 6.2.
and -8 front axles, the bushing hole must be aligned with the
grease fitting hole in the knuckle bore. Figure 6.2. 7. Use the installation tool to start the bushing 1/8-inch (3 mm)
STRAIGHT into the lower bore. Release the pressure. Figure 6.2.
5. Use the installation tool to start the bushing 1/8-inch (3 mm)
STRAIGHT into the lower bore. Figure 6.2. A. On Easy Steer™ bushings and for MFS axles, press the
bushing to a depth of 0.352-0.382-inch (8.94-9.70 mm)
A. On Easy Steer™ bushings and for MFS axles, press the
below the top of the lower knuckle bore, as viewed with
bushing to a depth of 0.352-0.382-inch (8.94-9.70 mm)
the knuckle upside down or until the grease fitting holes
below the top of the lower knuckle bore, as viewed with
are aligned. Figure 6.3.
the knuckle upside down or until the grease fitting holes
are aligned. Figure 6.3. B. On bronze bushings, press the bushing to a depth of
0.135-0.165-inch (3.5-4.0 mm) above the bottom of the
B. On bronze bushings, press the bushing to a depth of
lower bore, as viewed with the knuckle upside down.
0.135-0.165-inch (3.5-4.0 mm) above the bottom of the
Figure 6.4.
lower bore, as viewed with the knuckle upside down.
Figure 6.4. 8. Ream the bushings. Refer to procedure in this section.
6. Ream the bushings. Refer to procedure in this section.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 39
6 Assembly
Ream the King Pin Bushings 3. Rotate the reamer with a light DOWNWARD pressure. Do not
apply too much force. Rotate the reamer smoothly.
Axles with Conventional and Unitized Wheel Ends — Bronze
and Easy Steer™ Bushings 4. After cutting the top bushing, guide the reamer into the bottom
bushing. Do not allow the tool to drop to the bottom bushing.
CAUTION Repeat Step 2 and Step 3. Figure 6.7 and Figure 6.8.
Use a fixed reamer to ream the king pin bushings. Do not hone
Figure 6.7
or burnish the bushings. Damage to the bushings will result. Push down lightly.
NOTE: Reamer tools are available from SPX Kent-Moore. Refer to
Section 11. To obtain these tools, refer to the Service Notes page on REAMING
UPPER
the front inside cover of this manual. BUSHING
1. Place the knuckle in a vise with brass jaws.
2. Slide the pilot of the reamer through the top bushing until the
reamer blades touch the bushing. Figure 6.5 and Figure 6.6.
1000381c
Figure 6.5
Push down lightly. Figure 6.7
Figure 6.8
REAMING UPPER BUSHING Push down lightly.
1000380b
Figure 6.5
1000048b
Figure 6.6 Figure 6.8
Push down lightly.
5. Slide the reamer out of the bottom bushing.
앫 If the reamer must be removed through the top
bushing: Rotate the tool in the opposite cutting direction.
6. Clean all material from the bushings.
Inner Knuckle Bore King Pin Seals
Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends
1000047b
1. Place the top of the knuckle into a vise with brass jaws. The
Figure 6.6 bottom of the knuckle must be TOWARD you.
2. Place the seal into the bottom of the top knuckle bore. The lip
of the seal must be AWAY from the bore. Figure 6.9.
40 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
6 Assembly
Figure 6.9 Figure 6.11
MACHINED
Both upper and lower SURFACE SEAL
inside seal lips must
be away from bore.
KNUCKLE BUSHING
BORE
1000384b
Figure 6.11
1000382b
Figure 6.9 Axles with Unitized Wheel Ends
1. Turn the knuckle OVER. Place the seal lightly into the inner
3. Place the end cap for the knuckle on top of the seal. Slide the bore. The seal lip must be AWAY from the bore. Figure 6.11
king pin through the opposite knuckle bore. Use the king pin to and Figure 6.12.
install the seal. Figure 6.10.
앫 For bronze bushings: The bottom of the seal must touch
Figure 6.12
the bushing.
앫 For Easy Steer™ and nylon bushings: The top of the
seal must be even with the top of the knuckle. Figure 6.11.
4. Turn the knuckle over in the vise. The jaws of the vise must
hold the bottom of the knuckle, and the top of the knuckle must
be toward you.
5. Place the seal into the top of the bottom knuckle bore. The lip Both upper and lower
of the seal must be AWAY from the bore. Figure 6.9. inside seal lips must be
away from bore. 1000050b
6. Repeat Step 3 of this procedure.
Figure 6.12
Figure 6.10
2. Use a seal installer tool to press the seal firmly into the knuckle
KING PIN
bore. Figure 6.13.
Figure 6.13
CAP
SEAL
INSTALLER
TOOL
1000383c
Figure 6.10
1000051b
Figure 6.13
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 41
6 Assembly
3. After installing the Easy Steer™ bushings, the top of the seal Figure 6.15
must be even with the inner machined surface of each knuckle TOP INNER
bore. Figure 6.11. DIAMETER
SEAL
4. Turn the knuckle over to the UP position. Place the seal lightly
into the inner bore. The seal lip must be AWAY from the bore.
TOP
Figure 6.11.
5. Use a seal installer tool to press the seal firmly into the knuckle
bore. Figure 6.13. The top of the seal must be even with the
inner machined surface of each knuckle bore. Figure 6.11. BOTTOM
Knuckle to the Axle Beam INTEGRATED
GREASE SEAL 1000386b
WARNING Figure 6.15
Use a brass or leather mallet for assembly and disassembly
procedures. Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces 3. Install the seal and thrust bearing assembly on the inner
of a part can break off. Serious personal injury and damage to knuckle. The seal must face UPWARD toward the beam. The
components can result. top inner diameter will contact the bottom of the axle beam.
Figure 6.16.
Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends
1. Clean the bores of the knuckle and the axle beam. Figure 6.16
NOTE: The one-piece thrust bearing with an integrated grease
seal is completely interchangeable with the two-piece design.
It has a specified top and bottom orientation.
2. Install the seal onto the thrust bearing. Figure 6.14. The
surface with the inner diameter seal must be on the top. The
surface with the outer diameter seal must be on the bottom.
Figure 6.15. INTEGRAL THRUST
BEARING SEAL
A. On cover-type seals: Install the seal over the open end of ASSEMBLY
the bearing. 1000387b
B. On flat-type seals: Install the seal over the closed part of Figure 6.16
the bearing.
Figure 6.14
WARNING
SEAL TYPES Wear gloves when you install the shims. Shims have sharp
COVER FLAT edges that can cause serious personal injury.
4. Inspect the shims for damage before installation.
BEARING
RETAINER A. Replace damaged shims with the same size shims, or in
combination, that allow the least amount of knuckle end
SEAL play.
B. If a new shim pack is required, select the amount of
BEARING CAGE,
OPEN SIDE UP BEARING shims that will give the least amount of end play.
RETAINER 1000385a
Figure 6.14
42 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
6 Assembly
5. After inspection, place the shims on top of the axle beam bore 13. Install the king pin into the TOP of the knuckle and through the
machined surface. Align the shims for king pin installation. area where the shims are located. Do not force the pin through
the top bushing.
6. Place the knuckle onto the axle beam.
14. If required, use a hammer and a brass drift to apply direct force
7. Place a pry bar between the steering arm boss and the axle
to the king pin for seating it into the lower knuckle bore.
beam. Lift the knuckle and slide the shim pack between the top
of the beam and the knuckle. Figure 6.17. 15. Seat the top draw key into the front of the beam. Refer to
Table E. Seat the bottom draw key into the back of the beam by
Figure 6.17
striking it with a hammer and drift. The keys must align with
the slots of the king pin. Do not install or tighten the locknuts
PRY
BAR before checking the knuckle end play. Figure 6.19.
Table E: Threaded or Plain Draw Keys
Threaded Draw Keys Plain Draw Keys
All other axle models FC-901, FC-921, FE-970,
FF-971 and FL-901
SHIM Figure 6.19
1000388b
Figure 6.17
8. Align all the bores. If the bores are not aligned, the parts will be
damaged when the king pin is installed.
9. Remove the pry bar.
10. Before installing the king pin into the top of the knuckle, apply
the multi-purpose grease onto the bottom half of the king pin.
11. Verify that you can see the word “TOP,” which is stamped on 1000357a
the king pin. Figure 6.18.
Figure 6.19
Figure 6.18
Axles with Unitized Wheel Ends
“TOP”
1. Clean the bores of the knuckle and axle beam.
KING PIN
WARNING
Wear gloves when you install the shims. Shims have sharp
edges that can cause serious personal injury.
2. Inspect the shims for any damage before installation.
1000389b
A. Replace damaged shims with same size shims, or in
combination, that allow the least amount of knuckle end
Figure 6.18 play.
B. If a new shim pack is required, select the amount of
12. Rotate the king pin so that the two draw key slots of the pin
shims that will give the least amount of end play.
correctly align with the draw key slots in the knuckle.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 43
6 Assembly
3. After inspection, place the shims on top of the axle beam bore Figure 6.21
machined surface. Align the shims for king pin installation. TOP INNER
DIAMETER
Figure 6.20. SEAL
Figure 6.20
SHIMS FLANGED
BOTTOM
1000054b
Figure 6.21
Figure 6.22
INTEGRAL THRUST
1000053b BEARING SEAL
ASSEMBLY
Figure 6.20
4. Place the knuckle onto the axle beam.
NOTE: The one-piece bearing with an integrated grease seal
is completely interchangeable with the two-piece design. It has
a specific top and bottom orientation.
5. Slide the thrust bearing and seal assembly between the bottom
1000055b
knuckle bore and the bottom of the axle beam. The surface
with the inner diameter seal must be on the top. The surface Figure 6.22
with the outer diameter seal must be on the bottom.
Figure 6.21 and Figure 6.22. 6. Before installing the king pin into the top of the knuckle, apply
the multi-purpose grease onto the bottom half of the king pin.
앫 The shims must not move out of position above the axle
beam bore. 7. Verify that you can see the word “TOP,” which is stamped on
the king pin. Figure 6.23.
앫 The integral thrust bearing seal assembly must be
positioned with the inner diameter seal on top and the Figure 6.23
flanged bottom down.
앫 All the bores must be aligned with the king pin area. If the “TOP”
bores are not aligned, the parts will be damaged when the
king pin is installed.
KING PIN
1000056b
Figure 6.23
44 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
6 Assembly
8. Rotate the pin so that the two draw key slots of the pin Figure 6.25
correctly align with the draw key holes in the knuckle.
9. Install the king pin into the top of the knuckle and through the
area where the shims are located.
10. Use a hammer and a brass drift to apply direct force to the king
pin for seating it into the lower knuckle bore.
11. Seat the top draw key into the front of the beam. Seat the
bottom draw key into the back of the beam by striking it with a
MAGNETIC
hammer and drift. The keys must align with the slots of the BASE LOCATED
king pin. Do not install or tighten the locknuts. AT EITHER PLACE 1000392b
12. Check the knuckle end play. Refer to procedure in this section. Figure 6.25
4. Use one of the following methods to measure the end play.
Check Steer Knuckle Vertical End Play
앫 Place a pry bar between the knuckle and the top of the axle
Table F: End Play Specifications center. Push the knuckle up and measure the end play.
Figure 6.26.
New or Rebuilt Axles 0.001-0.010-inch
(0.025-0.254 mm) 앫 Place a block of wood and a hydraulic jack under the
bottom of the knuckle. Raise the knuckle until the pointer
In-Service Axles 0.001-0.030-inch on the dial indicator stops. Figure 6.27.
(0.025-0.762 mm)
Figure 6.26
Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends
1. Strike the boss of the knuckle with a rubber mallet to move the
parts into position. Figure 6.24.
Figure 6.24
1000393b
Figure 6.26
Figure 6.27
1000391b
Figure 6.24
2. Turn the knuckle to the straight-ahead position.
3. Attach a dial indicator. Place the base onto the knuckle. Place WOOD
the tip onto the center of the king pin. Set the dial indicator to BLOCK
ZERO. Figure 6.25.
1000394a
Figure 6.27
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 45
6 Assembly
5. Repeat Step 3 and Step 4 with the axle in the full RIGHT and Axles with Unitized Wheel Ends — Driver Side Knuckle
full LEFT positions. End Play
6. Record the reading on the dial indicator. 1. Turn the wheels to the STRAIGHT position. Remove the king
pin cap.
앫 If the knuckle binds or ZERO end play is measured:
Remove the shims from the shim pack. 2. Install a dial indicator with the base on the steering arm. Place
the dial indicator tip onto the exposed king pin top.
앫 If the reading is more than the correct specification
shown in Table F: Add shims to the shim pack. 3. Set the dial indicator to ZERO.
Axles with Unitized Wheel Ends — Curbside Knuckle End Play 4. Raise the jack until the axle beam is slightly raised from the
safety stands. Measure and record the dial indicator reading.
1. Turn the wheels to the STRAIGHT position. Secure the dial Figure 6.29.
indicator base onto the axle beam.
앫 If the end play is within allowable specifications:
2. Place the dial indicator tip onto the upper king pin cap. Install the draw key lock nuts.
3. Place a jack and a wood block, with a hole that allows 앫 If the reading is ZERO: Excessive stress is placed on the
clearance for the lower king pin grease fitting, under the lower bearing. Remove the knuckle and remove shims from the
king pin cap area. shim pack. Determine a thinner shim pack.
4. Set the dial indicator to ZERO. 앫 If the reading is more than the correct end play
5. Raise the jack until the axle beam is slightly raised from the specifications shown in Table F: Remove the knuckle.
safety stands. Measure and record the dial indicator reading. Add shims to the shim pack.
Figure 6.28.
Figure 6.29
Figure 6.28
CAP
DRIVER SIDE
REMOVED
CURBSIDE
Lift
here.
WOOD
BLOCK
1000057c
1000058c
Figure 6.29
Figure 6.28
46 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
6 Assembly
Draw Key Lock Nuts
Figure 6.31
WARNING CONVENTIONAL
Use a brass or leather mallet for assembly and disassembly Tighten nut to
30-45 lb-ft
procedures. Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces
(41-61 N•m).
of a part can break off. Serious personal injury and damage to
components can result.
CAUTION
Verify that the draw key is installed completely or the lock
nut is tightened to 30-45 lb-ft (41-61 N폷m). If not installed
1000396c
correctly, the king pin and the axle beam will be damaged. @
Figure 6.31
Table G identifies the axles equipped with plain draw keys.
Table G: Threaded or Plain Draw Keys Figure 6.32
Threaded Draw Keys Plain Draw Keys DRAW KEY
NUT 30-45 LB-FT
All other axle models FC-901, FC-921, FE-970, (41-61 N•m)
FF-971 and FL-901
Plain Draw Keys — Axles with Conventional and Unitized
Wheel Ends
Use a hammer and a brass drift to install the draw key into the UNITIZED
axle beam and knuckle. The key must be installed 1/32-1/8-inch 1000060b
(1-3 mm) below the outer surface of the beam. Figure 6.30.
Figure 6.32
Figure 6.30
King Pin Caps
Bolt-On King Pin Caps
1. Install new gaskets and the caps onto the top and the bottom
of the knuckle. Install the capscrews and the washers and
tighten to 20-30 lb-ft (28-40 N폷m). Figure 6.33. @
Figure 6.33
CAP
1000390a
GASKET
Figure 6.30
Threaded Draw Keys — Axles with Conventional and Unitized
Wheel Ends
Install the lock nut and tighten it to 30-45 lb-ft (41-61 N폷m).
Figure 6.31 and Figure 6.32. @ 1000397b
Figure 6.33
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 47
6 Assembly
2. Connect the tie rod arm to the knuckle. Refer to procedure in Figure 6.35
this section.
STEERING
COTTER
Threaded King Pin Caps ARM
PIN
WARNING
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal
injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
NUT KEY
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone 4000693a
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a Figure 6.35
physician as soon as possible.
2. Install the nuts. Tighten to the specified torque. Refer to
1. Apply the sealant, part number 2297-D-7076, onto the Section 10.
threads. To obtain these supplies, refer to the Service Notes
page on the front inside cover of this manual. 3. Install the cotter pins. If necessary, tighten the nut until the
holes are aligned. Do not loosen the nut to install the cotter pin.
2. Install the threaded king pin caps onto the top and the bottom
of the knuckle. 4. Lubricate the drag link end that connects to the steering arm.
Refer to Section 9.
3. Tighten the king pin caps to 70-90 lb-ft (95-120 N폷m).
Figure 6.34. @ 5. Check for correct operation.
Axles with Bolt-On Steering Arm
Figure 6.34
WARNING
Take care when you use Loctite® adhesive to avoid serious
personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
using this product. Follow the instructions carefully to prevent
irritation to the eyes and skin. If Loctite® adhesive material
gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s emergency
procedures. Have your eyes checked by a physician as soon
as possible.
1. Use a wire brush to remove old Loctite® adhesive from
1000061d capscrew bolts and internal threads of the knuckle. Reapply
Figure 6.34 Meritor specification 2297-C-7049 liquid adhesive or Loctite®
680 adhesive. At least half of the thread area must be covered.
4. Connect the tie rod end assembly to the integral knuckle arm.
2. Insert the bolts through the steering arm. Hand-start the bolts
Refer to procedure in this section.
into the knuckle assembly. Figure 6.36.
Steering Arm 3. Tighten the arm bolts to the following specification.
Axles with Keyed Steering Arm 앫 MFS-6 axles: 215-265 lb-ft (290-360 N폷m) @
1. Press the key into the slot in the arm. Install the steering arm 앫 MFS-7 or MFS-8 axles: 360-470 lb-ft (490-638 N폷m) @
into the knuckle. Figure 6.35. 앫 All other axles: 300-450 lb-ft (406-610 N폷m) @
48 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
6 Assembly
Figure 6.36 Figure 6.38
215-265 LB-FT (290-360 N•m) (MFS-6) A
360-470 LB-FT (490-638 N•m) (MFS-7 AND MFS-8)
300-450 LB-FT (406-610 N•m) (ALL OTHER AXLES)
When assembling A=B
the tie rods into
the cross tube,
B
equalize the
thread depth
at both ends.
1003418b
Figure 6.38
1000062b
Both tie rod ends must be installed into the cross tube deeper than
Figure 6.36 the end of the cross tube slot. Figure 6.37.
1. Verify that the tab on the clamp is firmly seated against the end
Install the Tie Rod Ends Into the Cross Tube of the cross tube.
NOTE: The cross tube has right-hand threads on the right side of 2. Install the nuts and the bolts into the clamps. Tighten to the
the vehicle and left-hand threads on the left side of the vehicle. specified torque. Refer to Section 10.
앫 If the tab on the clamp is tack-welded: Do not remove
The replacement cross tube must be the same length and diameter the tack weld. If you remove the tack weld, you will reduce
as the original tube. Use the thread count as a guide. Install the tie the clamping force.
rod ends into the threaded cross tube ends to the approximate
depth marked during the tie rod assembly removal. Figure 6.37. Tie Rod Arms, Tie Rod Ends and Cross Tube
Assembly
Figure 6.37
Tie rod end is Axles with Removable Tie Rod Arms
installed past TIE ROD
cross tube slot. END NOTE: If a different size tie rod arm is installed, the steering
geometry is changed and may cause tire wear. Contact the
ArvinMeritor Customer Service Center at 800-535-5560.
1. Press the key into the slot in the arm. Install the tie rod arm
into the knuckle. Figure 6.39.
BOTTOM
VIEW Figure 6.39
TUBE MARKS
SLOT CROSS
TUBE 1003281c
KNUCKLE
TIE ROD ARM
Figure 6.37
TIE ROD
If you are installing new tie rod ends, thread the tie rod ends to the END
approximate original depth inside the cross tube. Figure 6.38.
1003284b
Figure 6.39
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 49
6 Assembly
2. Install the nut onto the tie rod arm. Tighten to the specified Figure 6.41
torque. Refer to Section 10.
CLAMP CROSS TUBE
3. Install the cotter pins. If necessary, tighten the nut slightly, TIE ROD
END
increasing the final torque value until the holes are aligned.
Do not loosen the nut to install the cotter pin.
NOTE: The cross tube has right-hand threads on one end
and left-hand threads on the other end.
4. If removed, install the tie rod ends into the cross tube to the
position marked during removal. Figure 6.40. Thread the ends BOLT
equally into the cross tube to the required length. AND NUT 1003283b
Figure 6.40
Figure 6.41
Tie rod end is
installed past TIE ROD
cross tube slot. 11. Install the cotter pins. If necessary, tighten the nut until the
END
holes are aligned. Do not loosen the nut to install the cotter pin.
12. Check and, if necessary, adjust the toe. Refer to Section 7.
Cross Tube and Tie Rod Ends
BOTTOM VIEW Axles with Integral Tie Rod Arms
TUBE
SLOT
CROSS
NOTE: The cross tube has right-hand threads on one end and
MARKS
TUBE 1003281a left-hand threads on the other end.
Figure 6.40
1. If the tie rods have been removed, reinstall the tie rod ends into
the cross tube to the position marked during removal. Thread
5. Install the nuts and the bolts into the clamps. Tighten to the
the ends equally into the cross tube to the required length.
specified torque. Refer to Section 10. Figure 6.40.
Figure 6.42.
6. Rotate the cross tube clamp to remove the nuts and bolts from
the clamp. Tighten the nut to engage the locking element of Figure 6.42
the nut with the bolt. The clamp and tie rod end must be free to CROSS TIE ROD
TUBE END
rotate. The clamp tab must be firmly seated against the cross
tube. Figure 6.41.
7. Check the tie rod boot for cracks, tears or other damage. Also
check the boot seals for damage. Replace the entire tie rod end
if the boot is damaged or missing.
8. Clean and dry the tie rod taper and the tie rod arm taper hole.
9. Install the tie rod ends into the tie rod arms. The threaded TUBE MARKS
portion of the tie rod end must be installed into the cross tube SLOT 1000064c
beyond the end of the slot. The clamp tab must be firmly Figure 6.42
seated against the cross tube.
10. Install the nuts onto the tie rod ends. Tighten to the specified 2. Install the nuts and the bolts into the clamps. Tighten to the
torque. Refer to Section 10. specified torque. Refer to Section 10.
50 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
6 Assembly
3. Rotate the cross tube clamp to remove the nuts and bolts from Replace the Studs on a Unitized Wheel End
the clamp. Tighten the nut to engage the locking element of
the nut with the bolt. The clamp and tie rod end must be free to WARNING
rotate. The clamp tab must be firmly positioned against the Do not use a hammer to remove or install studs. A hammer can
cross tube. Figure 6.43. cause impact damage to the bearing raceway, which will
reduce bearing life. Serious personal injury and damage to
Figure 6.43
components can result.
ROTATING CLAMP Ensure that you do not damage stud threads during installation
procedures. Damaged threads will not allow the stud to
provide the required clamp to support the wheel retention
system. The wheels can loosen and separate from the vehicle.
Serious personal injury and damage to components can result.
NOTE: These procedures apply to axles with a barrel spindle,
integral tie rod arms and sealed hub units.
BOLT AND NUT 1000065b
Figure 6.43
If a stud is stripped and needs replacement, use one of the following
procedures.
4. Clean and dry the tie rod end taper and the tie rod arm taper Preferred Method — Replacing Studs with the Hub Installed on
hole. Figure 6.44. the Vehicle
Figure 6.44
WARNING
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
damage to components can result.
TIE ROD
ARM 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
TIE ROD the vehicle from moving.
END
1000066b 2. Raise the vehicle so that the front wheels are off the ground.
Support the vehicle with safety stands.
Figure 6.44
3. Mark the wheel and hub relationship. Remove the wheel and
5. Install the tie rod ends into the tie rod arm. The threaded tire assembly. Use a paint stick to mark the wheel studs you
portion of the tie rod end must be installed into the cross tube are removing. Figure 6.45. Do not reuse the studs.
beyond the end of the cross tube slot. Figure 6.42.
6. Install the nuts onto the tie rod ends. Tighten to the specified
torque. Refer to Section 10.
7. Install the cotter pins. If necessary, tighten the nut until the
holes are aligned. Do not loosen the nut to install the cotter pin.
8. Check and, if necessary, adjust the toe. Refer to Section 7.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 51
6 Assembly
Figure 6.45 6. Use a 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) drive impact wrench and a ball joint
removal kit to remove the studs. Figure 6.48.
Figure 6.48
4000521a
Figure 6.45
4. If necessary, back off the brake at the slack adjuster until the
brake shoes retract and the drum clears the linings. Figure 6.46.
4000524a
Figure 6.46
Figure 6.48
7. Use a crocus cloth to clean all the flat surfaces on the wheel
and hub.
8. Position the new studs into the hub. Align the stud knurls with
the impressions in the hub stud hole. Figure 6.49.
Figure 6.49
4000522a
Figure 6.46
5. Remove the brake drum. Figure 6.47.
Figure 6.47
4000525a
Figure 6.49
4000523a
Figure 6.47
52 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
6 Assembly
WARNING Figure 6.52
Do not lubricate studs or nut threads. Lubricants will not
enable you to tighten fasteners correctly, which causes
excessive clamp load. Studs can break and cause wheels to
loosen and separate from the vehicle. Serious personal injury
can result.
9. Add two drops of oil between the body and flange on the stud
nuts. Do not use more than two drops of oil. Figure 6.50.
Figure 6.50
4000529a
Apply oil here.
Figure 6.52
FLANGE
11. Use a 0.0015-inch (0.0381 mm) feeler gauge to check that the
stud is correctly seated. Figure 6.53.
NUT THREADS
앫 If the stud is not correctly seated: Remove the stud,
clean all surfaces and install a new stud as described
previously.
NUT BODY
앫 If the stud is still not correctly seated: Replace the hub.
4000527a
Figure 6.50 Figure 6.53
WARNING
Install nuts with the correct thread size on the studs. A nut
with an incorrect thread size will not turn freely on the stud or
will fit loosely on the stud. The thread can strip, which can
cause loss of clamp load. The wheels can loosen and separate
from the vehicle. Serious personal injury and damage to
components can result.
10. Position the nuts onto the studs. Use a 1/2-inch (12.7 mm)
drive impact wrench to draw the stud into the hub. Do not
4000530a
exceed 300 lb-ft (408 N폷m). Figure 6.51 and Figure 6.52. @
Figure 6.53
Figure 6.51
12. Remove all the nuts. Install the wheel and tire assembly.
13. Discard all removed studs.
4000528a
Figure 6.51
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 53
6 Assembly
Alternate Method — Replacing Studs with the Hub Removed 3. Check the bore of the unitized wheel end for any obstructions
from the Vehicle and check the spindle for any nicks or burrs.
1. Remove the unitized wheel end from the spindle. Refer to
NOTE: The spindle O-ring, Meritor part number 5X-1301
Section 4.
contained in Kit 1433, makes it easier for you to remove the
2. Support the inboard side of the flange adjacent to the stud unitized wheel-end hub from the spindle because it helps to
head and perpendicular to the press cylinder. prevent contaminants from entering the assembly. When you
remove the unitized wheel-end hub, install a new O-ring.
WARNING
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press 4. Coat the new O-ring with a thin coat of Meritor part number
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious 2297-C-8297 or Dow Corning Molykote D to assist in installing
personal injury. the O-ring.
3. Use a press on the threaded end of the stud to force the stud WARNING
out of the flange. Discard all removed studs. Do not apply anti-seize or anti-fretting compound to spindle
threads. These compounds decrease a fastener assembly’s
4. Turn over the unitized wheel end. Support the outboard side of
capability to maintain clamp load, which can cause wheels to
the flange close to the stud hole and perpendicular to the press
loosen and separate from the vehicle. Serious personal injury
cylinder.
and damage to components can result.
5. Use a press on the stud head applying no more than
10,000 pounds (4540 kg) of force to seat the new stud. 5. Coat the inside of the unitized wheel end with anti-seize
compound. Make certain to cover the inner and outer bearing
6. Install the unitized wheel end. Refer to procedure in this
races. Do not apply anti-seize or anti-fretting compound
section.
onto the spindle or threads. Wipe away any anti-seize or
anti-fretting compound that may have dripped onto the spindle
Unitized Wheel End
threads.
WARNING 6. Slide a new O-ring, Meritor part number 5X-1301, onto the
Use only dye penetrant inspection techniques on unitized spindle. The O-ring must be positioned against the knuckle
wheel-end hub units. Be careful not to get penetrant fluids in journal. Figure 6.54.
the bore of the hub unit. Do not use fluid immersion-based
crack inspection techniques. The fluids can enter the joint Figure 6.54
between the inner bearing cones through the bore of the hub 3-1/2" PLASTIC SPINDLE
unit and damage the lubricant. Serious personal injury and 50-100 LB-FT O-RING
(67-135 N•m)
damage to components can result. 3-1/2" ALUMINUM
325-375 LB-FT
(440-508 N•m)
1. Inspect and replace any parts that are worn, cracked or
damaged. Check for cracks using dye penetrant, magnetic flux
or fluorescent particle testing methods. Follow the 500-700 LB-FT
manufacturer’s procedures. (677-949 N•m)
200-300 LB-FT
2. Clean the unitized wheel-end inner bore and spindle with a (271-406 N•m) 1000063c
clean, dry rag. Do not apply solvent.
Figure 6.54
54 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
6 Assembly
CAUTION WARNING
Align the unitized wheel end STRAIGHT onto the spindle. Only use RTV sealant (Meritor part number 2297-Z-7098,
Do not allow the assembly to misalign and contact the spindle Loctite® adhesive sealant number 5699) when you service
threads. Bearing damage can occur that requires replacement a unitized wheel-end assembly. Do not use any other brand
of the entire unitized wheel end. of RTV sealant, which can cause corrosion, damage and
incompatibility between unitized wheel-end components.
7. Carefully align the unitized wheel-end bore with the spindle Serious personal injury and damage to components can
and slide the unitized wheel end STRAIGHT onto the spindle. result.
앫 If the unitized wheel end does not slide on easily:
Do not force it onto the spindle. The unitized wheel end can 2. Apply a continuous 1/8-3/16-inch (3-5 mm) bead of RTV
become jammed on the spindle if it is not aligned correctly sealant to the outside first thread around the entire
with the spindle. circumference of the hubcap. You must use Meritor part
앫 If the unitized wheel end becomes jammed on the number 2297-Z-7098 RTV sealant, Loctite® adhesive sealant
spindle: Carefully remove the unitized wheel end from the number 5699. Figure 6.55.
spindle so that the inner bearings do not disassemble or
Figure 6.55
loosen from the unitized wheel end.
8. Install the inner “D” washer and inner wheel bearing nut
onto the spindle stud. Tighten the inner wheel bearing nut to
500-700 lb-ft (678-949 N폷m) while rotating the unitized wheel
end a minimum of five rotations. Figure 6.54. @
9. Install the tabbed washer and outer wheel bearing nut onto the
spindle. Tighten the outer wheel bearing nut to 200-300 lb-ft
(271-406 N폷m). @
NOTE: The inner wheel bearing nut and the outer wheel 1003399b
bearing nut are identical, but the torque values are different.
Figure 6.55
10. Bend the parts of the tabbed washer that protrude over the flats
of the outer wheel bearing nut and the inner wheel bearing nut. 3. Install the plastic hubcap into the unitized wheel end by hand.
Bend the washer a minimum of one flat edge to each nut.
4. Use a torque wrench with the correct size socket to tighten
Hubcaps plastic hubcaps to 50-100 lb-ft (67-135 N폷m). Disregard the
torque value embossed on the hubcap. Refer to Table H. @
NOTE: Threaded plastic and metal hubcaps are interchangeable.
Snap-ring and threaded hubcaps are not interchangeable. Table H: Threaded Hubcaps
Threaded RTV sealant (Meritor part 50-100 lb-ft
Threaded Plastic Hubcaps
plastic hubcap number 2297-Z-7098 (67-135 N폷m)
Metal RTV sealant, Loctite® 325-376 lb-ft
NOTE: It is not necessary to remove residual Loctite® sealant from
(aluminum) adhesive sealant (440-508 N폷m)
the original hubcap installation.
hubcap number 5699)
1. Wipe the inner truck hub unit threads with a clean shop cloth.
Do not use compressed air, solvents or power washers to clean
the hub unit threads.
앫 To remove grease or mud from the exposed inner
threads: Use a wire brush to remove grease or mud from
the inner hub unit threads. Wipe the inner threads with a
clean shop cloth.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 55
6 Assembly
Metal (Aluminum) Hubcaps 2. Insert the square end of the snap ring into the recess of the
hubcap. Press the snap ring into position. This will seat the
1. Clean the INNER unitized wheel-end threads and threaded
snap ring flat against the hubcap flange.
hubcap external threads with a wire brush. Apply Meritor part
number 2297-Z-7098 RTV sealant, Loctite® adhesive sealant 3. Use a wrench and the hub puller to install the hubcap into the
number 5699, to the hubcap threads. hub unit. Figure 6.57.
2. Turn the hubcap by hand until it’s seated. Figure 6.57
3. Use a torque wrench with the correct size socket to tighten the HUB
hubcap to 325-375 lb-ft (440-508 N폷m). Refer to Table H. @ PULLER
Reusing the Threaded Hubcaps
If you observe any of the following conditions while tightening a used
hubcap, replace the hubcap with a new one.
앫 The hubcap “jumps” threads and makes a popping sound while
you’re tightening it.
앫 The hubcap begins to yield because threads are stripped.
앫 You cannot achieve the correct torque specification of 4000305a
4000305a
50-100 lb-ft (67-135 N폷m) for plastic hubcaps or 325-375 lb-ft Figure 6.57
(440-508 N폷m) for metal hubcaps.
Snap-Ring Hubcaps — Hub Puller and Screwdriver Method 4. Position a hub puller over the hubcap. Use a steel spacer
between the hubcap and the hub puller threaded stud to avoid
There are two methods for installing a hubcap with a snap ring. You scratching the hubcap surface.
can either use a hub puller and flat-blade screwdriver, or a punch
and mallet. 5. Use a screwdriver to install the snap ring into the hub unit
groove. Press the end of the snap ring and continue around the
1. Install the hubcap into the hub unit by hand. Figure 6.56. entire length of the snap ring. Figure 6.58.
Figure 6.56
6. Verify that the snap ring is correctly seated in the groove.
Figure 6.58
4000304a
4000304a
4000306a
Figure 6.56
4000306a
Figure 6.58
56 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
6 Assembly
Snap-Ring Hubcaps — Punch and Mallet Method 3. Adjust the wheel bearings. Refer to Section 7. Refer to the
wheel-end hardware manufacturer’s procedures if necessary.
1. If a hub puller is not available, install the hubcap into the hub
unit by hand. Figure 6.56. 4. Install the cap and the gasket onto the hub. Install the
capscrews and tighten to 20-30 lb-ft (27-41 N폷m). @
2. Insert the square end of the snap ring into the recess of the
hubcap. Press the snap ring into position. This will seat the 5. Install the wheel and tire assembly. Lower the vehicle to the
snap ring flat against the hubcap flange. ground. Check for correct operation.
6. Check and adjust the toe. Refer to Section 7.
NOTE: Don’t use a steel hammer to install and seat the snap
ring. You’ll damage the hubcap. Use a dead-blow mallet.
3. Use a punch to apply pressure to the opening end of the snap
ring. Strike the hubcap several times with a dead-blow mallet
at the same time.
4. Move the punch CLOCKWISE around the snap ring to install it
into the hub unit groove.
5. Strike the hubcap several times with a dead-blow mallet to fully
seat the snap ring.
Drag Link
Refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s procedures. Figure 6.59
Figure 6.59
PITMAN DRAG
ARM LINK STEERING
ARM 1000402b
Figure 6.59
Brake Components and Wheel Ends
Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends
1. Install the brake assembly onto the knuckle. Refer to the
vehicle manufacturer’s procedures. Lubricate the wheel
bearings. Refer to Section 9.
2. Install the outer wheel bearing cone into the hub. Install the
adjusting nut.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 57
7 Adjustment
Hazard Alert Messages 7. Refer to any additional rear axle and suspension
7 Adjustment
recommendations and specifications from the vehicle
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
manufacturer.
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
Alignment
WARNING
Front Wheel Alignment
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. Check the front wheel alignment:
1. Every 200,000 miles (320 000 km) or 24 months (normal
Inspection maintenance).
2. When the vehicle does not steer correctly.
Inspection Before Alignment
3. To correct a tire wear condition.
Parts
Refer to Section 3 in this manual. Minor Front Wheel Alignment
Perform a minor front wheel alignment for all normal maintenance
Wheels and Tires
conditions using the following procedure.
1. Verify that the tires are inflated to the specified pressure.
1. Inspect all systems that affect the wheel alignment. Refer to
2. Verify that the front tires are the same size and type. procedure in this section.
3. Verify that the lug nuts are tightened to the specified torque. 2. Check and adjust the wheel bearings or wheel bearing end play
for the unitized wheel end.
4. Verify that the wheels are balanced.
3. Check and adjust the toe.
5. Check for bent or damaged wheels.
Major Front Wheel Alignment
Front Suspension
Perform a major front wheel alignment to correct steering and tire
1. Verify that all fasteners are tightened to the specified torque.
wear conditions using the following procedure.
2. Inspect the leaf springs for wear and damage.
1. Inspect all systems that affect the wheel alignment. Refer to
3. Inspect the shock absorbers for wear and damage. procedure in this section.
Rear Axle and Rear Suspension 2. Check and adjust the wheel bearings. For models with unitized
wheel ends, check wheel bearing end play for the unitized
Front tire wear can be caused by the rear axle. If the outer edge of
wheel end. Refer to Section 3.
one front tire is worn and the inner edge of the other front tire is
worn, check the following. 3. Check and adjust the maximum turn angle.
1. All fasteners are tightened to the specified torque. 앫 If the vehicle has power steering: Check and adjust the
pressure relief in the power steering system. Refer to
2. The leaf springs are not worn or damaged.
procedure in this section.
3. The bushings in the leaf springs are not worn or damaged.
4. Check and adjust the turning radius angle. Refer to procedure
4. The torque rods, if used, are correctly adjusted. in this section.
5. The frame is not bent. 5. Check the king pin, or steering axis, inclination. Refer to
procedure in this section.
6. The rear axle, especially a tandem axle, is correctly aligned.
Refer to the vehicle or the suspension manufacturer’s 6. Check the camber angle. Refer to procedure in this section.
procedure.
58 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
7 Adjustment
Figure 7.1
CAUTION With the indicator
Replace damaged or out-of-specification axle components. mounted at the
Do not bend, repair or recondition axle components by welding bottom, push and
pull at the side
or heat-treating. A bent axle beam reduces axle strength, of the tire.
affects vehicle operation and voids Meritor’s warranty. Serious
personal injury and damage to components can result.
7. Check and adjust the caster angle. Refer to procedure in this
section.
1000333c
8. Check and adjust the toe. Refer to procedure in this section.
Figure 7.1
Check and Adjust NOTE: Do not push or pull at the top and bottom of the hub or
drum, which can affect the end play measurement.
Wheel Bearings
The most accurate bearing end play measurement is obtained with 6. Measure the end play by pushing and pulling on each side of
the brake drum and tires removed. the hub or drum while looking at the dial indicator. The end
play is the total travel observed.
앫 If the brake drum and tires are installed and the bearing
end play is greater than 0.003-inch (0.0762 mm): Remove 앫 If the end play is 0.001-0.005-inch (0.025-0.127 mm):
the brake drum and the tire-wheel assembly. Recheck bearing The bearings do not need adjustment.
end play.
앫 If the end play is not 0.001-0.005-inch
(0.025-0.127 mm): Adjust the wheel bearings. Figure 7.1.
WARNING
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to 7. On double nut and lock fasteners: Bend the lock washer off
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with the wheel bearing nut. Remove the wheel bearing nut, the lock
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by washer and the pierced lock ring. Figure 7.2.
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and On single nut fasteners: Remove the cotter pin from the
damage to components can result. adjusting nut. Figure 7.3.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent Figure 7.2
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake. DOUBLE NUT AND LOCK ADJUSTMENT
2. Raise the vehicle so that the wheels are off the floor. Support PIERCED
the vehicle with safety stands. OUTER LOCK
WHEEL RING
3. Remove the capscrews and remove the gasket and the cap BEARING
NUT
from the hub. CAP
4. Verify that the brake drum and the hub fasteners are tightened
to the manufacturer’s specifications. ADJUSTING
NUT
5. Attach a dial indicator with the magnetic base at the bottom of WHEEL
BEARING NUT
the hub or the brake drum. Adjust the dial indicator so that the LOCK WASHER,
pointer is against the center of the knuckle. Set the dial BEND ONTO OUTER
CAPSCREW WHEEL BEARING NUT 1000354d
indicator on ZERO. Figure 7.1.
Figure 7.2
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 59
7 Adjustment
Figure 7.3 10. For axles with single nut fasteners, perform the following
SINGLE NUT ADJUSTMENT procedure.
ADJUSTING A. Back off the adjusting nut 1/8 turn. Figure 7.5.
NUT
B. Rotate the nut in either direction to line up a slot with the
closest cotter pin hole in the spindle.
C. Install a new cotter pin into the nut.
D. Measure the end play. The end play must be
0.001-0.005-inch (0.025-0.127 mm). Refer to Step 4
COTTER “D”
PIN WASHER and Step 5. Readjust if necessary.
1000355b
Figure 7.5
Figure 7.3 Single Nut Fasteners: Back off nut 1/8 turn.
Double Nut and Lock Fasteners:
Back off nut 1/3 turn.
WARNING
Use a torque wrench to tighten or loosen adjusting nuts. Do not
use a hammer to directly hit adjusting nuts, or to hit a chisel or
drift placed against them. Damaged adjusting nuts can prevent
you from obtaining correct wheel bearing end play, which can
affect vehicle operation and cause the wheels to separate
from the vehicle. Serious personal injury and damage to
components will result.
1000337b
8. Use a torque wrench to tighten the adjusting nut to 100 lb-ft Figure 7.5
(136 N폷m) while rotating the tire in both directions. Figure 7.4.
@
11. For axles with double nut and lock fasteners, perform the
9. Loosen the nut completely. Tighten the nut to 20 lb-ft (27 N폷m) following procedure.
while rotating the tire. Figure 7.4. @ A. Back off the adjusting nut 1/3 turn. Figure 7.5.
Figure 7.4
B. Install the pierced lock ring, the lock washer and the
1. Tighten nut to 100 lb-ft (136 N•m). wheel bearing nut.
2. Loosen nut completely.
3. Tighten nut to 20 lb-ft (27 N•m). 앫 For 1-1/8-inch (2.86 cm) wheel bearing nuts used
on MFS-06, MFS-07 and MFS-08 Series axles:
Tighten to 150-225 lb-ft (203-305 N폷m). @
앫 For wheel bearing nuts from 1-1/8-inches to
2-5/8-inches (2.86-6.67 cm): Tighten to
200-300 lb-ft (271-407 N폷m). @
앫 For wheel bearing nuts 2-5/8-inches (6.67 cm) or
more: Tighten to 250-400 lb-ft (339-542 N폷m). @
C. Measure the end play. The end play must be
0.001-0.005-inch (0.025-0.127 mm). Refer to Step 4
and Step 5. Readjust if necessary.
1000336a
앫 If the end play is to specification: Bend the washer
Figure 7.4 to at least one flat edge of the outer wheel bearing nut.
Figure 7.2.
60 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
7 Adjustment
12. Install the gasket and the cap onto the hub. Install the Figure 7.7
capscrews and tighten to 20-30 lb-ft (27-41 N폷m). @
KNUCKLE POSITIONS FOR
13. Lower the vehicle to the ground. Check for correct vehicle POPPET VALVE SETTINGS
operation.
1/8" (3 MM)
Adjustment SPACER
Maximum Turn Angle MAXIMUM
TURN ANGLE
CAUTION
Do not exceed the maximum turn angle specified by the JAM STOP
vehicle manufacturer. If the angle is exceeded, the steering NUT BOLT 1000017c
arms, the cross tube and the tie rod ends will be damaged.
Figure 7.7
The stop bolt on the back of the knuckle controls the maximum turn
angle. If the stop bolt is missing, bent or broken, the system NOTE: If the steering system is out-of-adjustment, inspect the
requires adjustment. Use the mechanical stop in the steering system steering arm for damage. Use a magnetic particle or liquid dye
to adjust the pressure relief. penetrant inspection procedure to inspect the steering arm. Pay
particular attention to the bend, the taper and the area near the ball
Check the angle if the front tires rub against the frame or if the stud. Refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s manual for additional
steering gear has been serviced. Use an alignment machine to inspection procedures.
check the angle. Refer to the alignment equipment manufacturer’s
procedures. Two-Piece Steering 3/4-Inch Stop Bolt, Includes Unitized
앫 For power steering systems: The stop bolt should NOT 1. Place a 1/8-inch (3 mm) spacer between the stop bolt and the
touch the beam. The stop bolt should always have a minimum boss on the axle beam.
clearance of 1/8-inch (3 mm) when the knuckle is in the full-turn
position as shown in Figure 7.6 and Figure 7.7. 2. Turn the steering wheel until the boss on the axle beam
touches the spacer in front of the stop bolt. Measure the turn
앫 For manual steering systems: The stop bolt should always angle. Figure 7.8 and Figure 7.9.
have a minimum clearance of 1/8-inch (3 mm). Stop bolt contact
is acceptable if no other stops are used for the maximum turn Figure 7.8
angle of the steering knuckle. TWO-PIECE 3/4"
Figure 7.6
STEERING STOP BOLT,
STOP CONVENTIONAL
REFERENCES TO KNUCKLE BOLT
FOR STOP BOLT ADJUSTMENT AXLE
MAXIMUM
TURN ANGLE BEAM
BOSS
1/8"
(3 MM)
MAXIMUM TURN 1/8" 3/4" SPACER
ANGLE SPACER (19 MM)
TWO-PIECE
STOP BOLT STOP BOLT
ASSEMBLY JAM
JAM NUT 1000339d
NUT
1/8" (3 MM) Figure 7.8
CLEARANCE
BETWEEN STOP
BOLT AND BOSS 1000338d
Figure 7.6
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 61
7 Adjustment
Figure 7.9 8. If the maximum turn angle does not meet vehicle
KNUCKLE POSITIONS manufacturer’s specifications, adjust the maximum turn angle.
FOR STOP BOLT
ADJUSTMENT, UNITIZED 앫 In a power steering system: Adjust the pressure relief.
앫 In a manual steering system: Follow guidelines and
specifications from the vehicle manufacturer.
9. Proceed to the following instructions when the maximum turn
angle is correct.
MAXIMUM STOP
TURN ANGLE BOLT A. Loosen the stop bolt jam nut. Figure 7.10.
JAM
NUT 1000015b
B. Insert a 1/8-inch (3 mm) spacer between the stop bolt
and the axle beam boss with the steering arm in the
Figure 7.9 full-turn position.
C. Tighten the jam nut 50-75 lb-ft (68-101 N폷m). @
3. If the maximum turn angle does not meet vehicle
manufacturer’s specifications, correct the maximum angle. Figure 7.10
앫 In a power steering system: Adjust the pressure relief. FOUR-PIECE 1/2"
STEERING STOP BOLT
앫 In a manual steering system: Follow the guidelines and
specifications from the vehicle manufacturer. AXLE
MAXIMUM BEAM
4. When the maximum turn angle is correct: TURN ANGLE BOSS
A. Loosen the stop bolt jam nut. Figure 7.8 and Figure 7.9. 1/8"
WASHER (3 MM)
1/2" SPACER
B. Insert a 1/8-inch (3 mm) spacer and adjust the stop bolt. (12.7 MM)
STOP BOLT
C. Tighten the jam nut on conventional knuckles to FOUR-PIECE STOP
JAM NUT
65-85 lb-ft (68-101 N폷m). @ BOLT ASSEMBLY
ADAPTER 1000340c
Four-Piece Steering 1/2-Inch Stop Bolt, Conventional Only
Figure 7.10
1. Place the washer onto the adapter.
2. Apply adhesive patch material into the 3/4-inch (19 mm) Adjust the Pressure Relief in the Power Steering
knuckle bore stop screw adapter hole. System, Set the Maximum Turn Angle
3. Install the adapter with the washer into the threaded knuckle CAUTION
cavity. In power steering systems, the hydraulic pressure should
4. Tighten the adapter to 85-115 lb-ft (115-155 N폷m). @ relieve or “drop off” at the end of the steering stroke, with
1/8-inch or 3 mm minimum clearance at the stop bolt. If the
5. Start the jam nut onto the 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) bolt, and install pressure does not relieve, the components of the front axle will
the bolt and jam nut assembly into the adapter. be damaged.
6. Place a 1/8-inch (3 mm) spacer between the stop bolt and the
boss on the axle beam. The pressure relief in the power steering system stops or reduces
forces applied to the axle when the wheel is moved in the full-turn
7. Turn the steering wheel until the boss on the axle beam position.
touches the spacer in front of the stop bolt. Measure the
turn angle. Check the pressure relief if the steering arm is damaged or the
power steering gear is serviced.
62 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
7 Adjustment
Two types of systems are used to adjust the pressure relief. Figure 7.12
KNUCKLE POSITION AFTER PITMAN
앫 Mechanical stop on the Pitman arm or in the assist cylinder ARM/CYLINDER STOPS RESET
앫 Hydraulic pressure relief in the power steering gear
CAUTION
Meritor does not recommend a power steering system that MAXIMUM
does not have mechanical stops or pressure relief before the TURN ANGLE
maximum turn angle is obtained. Damage to the axle can
result.
STOP
JAM BOLT
Mechanical Stop NUT 1/8"
(3 MM)
Use the mechanical stop in the steering system to adjust the CLEARANCE
BETWEEN
pressure relief. Do not use the stop bolt on the knuckle alone to BOLT AND BOSS 1000016b
adjust the poppet valve pressure relief.
Figure 7.12
NOTE: Refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s procedures.
Hydraulic Pressure Relief in the Steering Gear
CAUTION NOTE: Refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s procedure. The stop bolt
Use a pressure gauge to verify that the pressure drops from should always have a minimum clearance of 1/8-inch (3 mm)
the maximum system delivery pressure to gear box between the stop bolt and the axle beam boss.
manufacturing recommendation BEFORE the full turning angle
is achieved. If the pressure does not drop, damage to the front Hydraulic steering gears with poppet valves are adjusted with a
axle components will result. spacer between the stop bolt in the knuckle and the boss on the axle
beam. The poppet valves are adjusted to stop or reduce steering
Steering systems with mechanical stops are adjusted when the forces from the 1/8-inch (3 mm) specified distance between the
wheels are turned to the full-right and full-left turn positions. The beam boss and the spacer. Figure 7.13 and Figure 7.14.
stop travel is set at 1/8-inch (3 mm) before the stop bolt contacts
the axle beam boss. Figure 7.11 and Figure 7.12. Figure 7.13
Figure 7.11
KNUCKLE POSITION FOR
POPPET VALVE SETTING
KNUCKLE POSITION AFTER PITMAN
ARM/CYLINDER STOPS RESET
STOP BOLT AXLE
STOP
BEAM
BOLT
BOSS
1/8"
(3 MM)
SPACER
MAXIMUM
TURN ANGLE
1/8"
(3 MM)
CLEARANCE
JAM NUT BETWEEN STOP
1/8" 1/8" (3 MM) BOLT AND BOSS 1000342d
(3 MM) SPACER
CLEARANCE
BETWEEN STOP Figure 7.13
BOLT AND BOSS 1000341d
Figure 7.11
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 63
7 Adjustment
Figure 7.14 The king pin inclination and the camber angle are designed into the
axle to place the tire tread center line in contact with the road. This
KNUCKLE POSITIONS FOR
POPPET VALVE SETTINGS reduces steering effort and improves directional stability.
Use an alignment machine to check the king pin inclination angle.
1/8" (3 MM) Refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s inclination angle specifications.
SPACER
The king pin inclination is not adjustable. If the inclination is not at
MAXIMUM the specified angle, check the axle beam and knuckle for damage.
TURN ANGLE Service as necessary.
JAM STOP Figure 7.16
NUT BOLT 1000017c KING
PIN
CAMBER INCLINATION
Figure 7.14 ANGLE
Turning Radius Angle KING PIN
INCLINATION
When turning, the inner wheel must turn at a greater angle than the ANGLE
outer wheel. This angle is the turning radius angle, often called the
Ackerman angle. Figure 7.15.
Check the turning radius angle with the radius plates on the
alignment equipment. To determine correct turning radius angle 1000344d
specification, refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s manual. Figure 7.16
앫 If the angle is not within specifications: Premature tire wear
will occur. Inspect the knuckle, tie rod arms, tie rod ends and Recommended Camber, Caster and Toe
cross tube for wear or damage. Service as necessary. Specifications
ArvinMeritor provides specific, recommended specifications for
Figure 7.15
camber, caster and toe in this publication, Maintenance Manual 2,
CENTER LINE OF TURNING RADIUS OR
ACKERMAN ANGLE Front Non-Drive Steer Axles: All Meritor Conventional, Easy Steer
FRONT AXLE
PlusTM and MFS Series.
Refer to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this
CENTER LINE manual for information on Recommended Practices published by
CENTER LINE OF OF CHASSIS The Technology Maintenance Council (TMC) of the American
REAR AXLE
Trucking Associations, Inc.
1000343b
Figure 7.15
King Pin Inclination
NOTE: Refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s king pin inclination
specifications.
King pin, or steering axis inclination, is the angle measured between
the center line of the king pin and the vertical position, as viewed
from the front of the vehicle. Figure 7.16.
64 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
7 Adjustment
Camber Angle Table I: Camber Angle Recommendations
Vehicle Axles with Axles with
WARNING Condition Biased Camber Unbiased Camber
Replace damaged or out-of-specification axle components.
Truck or Left Side: +11/16° to –3/16° +3/16° to –11/16°
Do not bend, repair or recondition axle components by welding
Tractor on Right Side: +3/16° to –11/16°
or heat-treating. A bent axle beam reduces axle strength,
Alignment
affects vehicle operation and voids Meritor’s warranty. Serious
Rack
personal injury and damage to components can result.
Axle Not Left Side: +3/4° Nominal +1/4° Nominal
Camber is the angle of the tire with respect to the ground. Camber Installed in Right Side: +1/4° Nominal
is positive when the distance between the top of the wheels is Vehicle
greater than the distance at the ground. Figure 7.17.
Caster Angle
Figure 7.17
Caster is the FORWARD or REARWARD tilt of the king pin center line
POSITIVE when viewed from the side of the vehicle. The caster angle is the
CAMBER angle from the vertical position to the center line of the king pin.
If the top of the king pin axis is toward the rear of the vehicle, the
caster is positive. A slight positive caster creates a self-aligning
ZERO OR NEUTRAL
action that helps to stabilize the vehicle after turning and stabilizes
LOAD it for driving straight ahead. Figure 7.18.
Figure 7.18
NEGATIVE POSITIVE
1000345c CASTER CASTER
Figure 7.17
FORWARD
CASTER
A small amount of positive camber is built into the knuckle, because
camber changes with load. This results in a zero camber angle
when the vehicle is operated at normal load.
1000346b
If camber is out of specification by more than 1-1/2 degrees, rapid
or uneven tire wear will occur. Bias ply tires will show excess Figure 7.18
camber easily, while with vehicles equipped with radial tires, excess
camber will not be as evident. Always use an alignment machine to check the caster angle. When
checking caster, refer to the alignment equipment manufacturer’s
The camber angle is not adjustable. The camber angle is machined
procedures.
into both the axle beam and the knuckle. If the camber angle is not
at the specified angle, check the axle beam and the steering If the caster is greater than specification, steering effort can
knuckle for damage. Service as necessary. increase a shimmy condition.
Use an alignment machine to check the camber angle. Refer to The caster angle is controlled by tapered shims installed under the
the alignment equipment manufacturer’s procedure and vehicle leaf springs. Adjust the caster according to the specifications and
manufacturer’s manual to determine specifications for the correct procedures of the vehicle manufacturer.
camber setting. Table I gives the specification Meritor builds into the Caster specifications are set by the vehicle manufacturer. Refer to
axle, but always use the specification from the vehicle manufacturer. the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications for the caster setting.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 65
7 Adjustment
Measure and Adjust the Toe 8. To obtain the toe measurement, subtract the distance reading
between the front of the tires from the distance reading
Toe is the relationship of the distance between the front of the front
between the back of the tires. Figure 7.20.
tires and the rear of the front tires.
When the front distance is less than the rear distance, the wheels Figure 7.20
are “toed in.” Toe-in is designed into the vehicle to counteract the FRONT OF VEHICLE
tendency of the tires to toe-out when the vehicle is driven. A
Incorrect toe will result in rapid tire wear. DIMENSION
TOP VIEW
WARNING
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and B
damage to components can result. B MINUS A EQUALS TOE 1000348e
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent Figure 7.20
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake.
2. Use jacks to raise vehicle so that front tires are off the ground. 9. Use the following procedure if the toe measurement is not
Support the front axle with safety stands. within the correct specifications shown in Table J.
3. Use paint or chalk to mark the center area of both front tires
Table J: Toe Specifications
around the complete outer surface of the tire.
4. Place the pointers of a trammel bar on the marks of each tire. Unloaded Vehicles 1/16-inch (1.587 mm) ± 1/32-inch
Rotate the tires. Verify that a straight line is marked on the (0.794 mm)
outer surface of the tire. Loaded Vehicles 1/32-inch (0.794 mm) ± 1/32-inch
(0.794 mm)
5. Lower the vehicle to the floor. Do not measure toe with the
front axle in the raised position. The weight of the vehicle must
be on the front axle when toe is measured. Move the vehicle A. Loosen the tube clamp nut and bolt on each end of the
FORWARD and BACKWARD 10 feet (3 meters). cross tube.
6. Place the trammel bar at the back of the tires. Raise the B. Turn the cross tube until the specified toe distance is
pointers so that the pointers are level with the spindles. Align obtained.
the pointers with the marks on the tires. Measure and record C. The threaded portion of the tie rod end must be installed
the distance between the pointers. into the cross tube beyond the point where the tube slot
7. Repeat Step 6 for the front of the tires. Figure 7.19. stops.
Figure 7.19
D. Tighten the nut and bolt on each end of the cross tube to
the specified torque. Refer to Section 10.
10. Repeat Step 1 through Step 8 to check the toe dimension.
1000347a
1000347a
Figure 7.19
66 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
8 Troubleshooting
Hazard Alert Messages
8 Troubleshooting
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
WARNING
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
Troubleshooting
Front Non-Drive Steer Axle Diagnostic Table
Table K
Condition Cause Correction
Tires wear out quickly Tires have incorrect air pressure. Place specified air pressure in tires.
or have uneven tire Tires out-of-balance. Balance or replace tires.
tread wear.
Incorrect tandem axle alignment. Align tandem axles.
Incorrect toe-in setting. Adjust toe-in specified setting.
Incorrect steering arm geometry. Service steering system as necessary.
Excessive wheel end play exists. Readjust wheel bearings.
Vehicle is hard to Power steering system pressure low. Repair power steering system.
steer. Steering gear linkage not assembled correctly. Assemble steering gear correctly.
Steering linkage needs lubrication. Lubricate steering linkage.
King pins binding. Replace king pins.
Incorrect steering arm geometry. Service steering system as necessary.
Caster out-of-adjustment. Adjust caster as necessary.
Tie rod ends hard to move. Replace tie rod ends.
Worn thrust bearing. Replace thrust bearing.
Tie rod ends are Tie rod ends require lubrication. Lubricate ends of cross tube. Make sure lubrication
worn and require schedule is followed.
replacement. Severe operating conditions. Increase frequency of inspection and lubrication
intervals.
Damaged boot on tie rod end. Replace boot.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 67
8 Troubleshooting
Table K (cont’d.)
Condition Cause Correction
Bent or broken cross Too much pressure in the power steering system,
tube, tie rod end ball pressure exceeds vehicle manufacturer’s Adjust power steering system to specified pressure.
stud, steering arm or specification.
tie rod end. Power steering system cut-off pressure, out of Adjust power steering system to specified pressure.
Component requires adjustment.
replacement.
Vehicle operated under severe conditions. Verify that vehicle is operated correctly.
Add-on type of power steering system not installed Correctly install add-on power steering system.
correctly.
Steering gear overtravel poppets incorrectly set or Check for correct operation or adjust overtravel of
malfunctioning. poppets to vehicle manufacturer’s specifications.
Axle stops incorrectly set. Set axle stops to vehicle manufacturer’s specification.
Worn or broken Drag link fasteners tightened higher than vehicle Tighten drag link fasteners to vehicle manufacturer’s
steering ball stud. manufacturer specified. specified torque.
Lack of lubrication or incorrect lubricant. Lubricate linkage with specified lubricant.
Power steering stops out-of-adjustment. Adjust stops to specified dimension.
Worn king pins and Worn or missing seals and gaskets. Replace seals and gaskets.
king pin bushings. Incorrect lubricant. Lubricate axle with specified lubricant.
Axle not lubricated at scheduled frequency. Lubricate axle at scheduled frequency.
Incorrect lubrication procedures. Use correct lubrication procedures.
Lubrication schedule does not match operating Change lubrication schedule to match operating
conditions. conditions.
Vibration or shimmy of Caster out-of-adjustment. Adjust caster.
front axle during Wheels and/or tires out-of-balance. Balance or replace wheels and/or tires.
operation.
Worn shock absorbers. Replace shock absorbers.
68 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
9 Lubrication and Maintenance
Hazard Alert Messages
9 Lubrication and Maintenance
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
WARNING
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
Maintenance
NOTE: Refer to Section 3 for inspection procedures.
Refer to Table L and Table M for lubrication, inspection and
maintenance schedules based on vehicle usage.
Table L: Vocational Groups
Group
Number Typical Vocations Vehicle Build Typical Operation Conditions
1 On highway or turnpike, linehaul only After July 1, 1996 High mileage operation (more than
Light Before July 1, 1996, use 50,000 miles/year [80 500 km/year])
category 3 95% on-highway/turnpike surface
2 Fire and rescue, city delivery, inner After July 1, 1996 Lower mileage operation (less than
Medium city coach, heavy haul, school bus, Before July 1, 1996, use 50,000 miles/year [80 500 km/year])
motor home, transit coach category 3
3 Logging, oil field, construction, heavy All Low mileage operation (less than
Harsh haul, yard tractor (highway licensed), 25,000 miles/year [40 250 km/year])
residential refuse Heavy-duty service with substantial
off-road operation
4 Mining, yard tractor (non-highway Heavy-duty service
Severe licensed), and land fill refuse
5 Mining, logging and construction Severe duty 80-100% off highway
Very Severe
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 69
9 Lubrication and Maintenance
Table M: Lubrication, Inspection and Maintenance Schedule
Service Intervals
5,000 First
miles/ 6,000 miles 10,000 20,000 36,000 40,000 50,000 100,000 200,000
48 hours 100 hours of operation miles miles miles miles miles miles miles
16 100 32 200 58 000 64 000 80 500 160 000 320 000
Component 8050 km 10 000 km km km km km km km km
Tie Rod Ends1
Group 1 Vocations I L2
Group 2 Vocations I L2
Group 3 Vocations I,L2
Group 4 Vocations I,L2
Group 5 Vocations I,L2
Inspect the Tie Rod
Assembly for Movement
Group 1 Vocations I
Group 2 Vocations I
Group 3 Vocations I
Group 4 Vocations I
Group 5 Vocations I
Ball Studs on Steering L2
Arms
Easy Steer Plus™ I
Axle Ball Studs
Sealed Axle Ball Studs I
King Pins and Bushings L2
Steering Arms Bolts I
2
Thrust Bearings L
Steering Knuckle
Vertical End Play
Inspection
Group 1 Vocations I
Group 2 Vocations I
Group 3 Vocations I
Group 4 Vocations I
Group 5 Vocations I
I = Inspect L = Lubricate T = Tighten to specified torque
1
Tie rod ends with an anti-tilt style seal require lubrication every 10,000 miles (16 100 km).
2
If power washers are used during vehicle cleaning operations, lubrication intervals need to be adjusted. Frequent power washed vehicles will require more
frequent lubrication.
70 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
9 Lubrication and Maintenance
Table M: Lubrication, Inspection and Maintenance Schedule (cont’d.)
Service Intervals
5,000 First
miles/ 6,000 miles 10,000 20,000 36,000 40,000 50,000 100,000 200,000
48 hours 100 hours of operation miles miles miles miles miles miles miles
16 100 32 200 58 000 64 000 80 500 160 000 320 000
Component 8050 km 10 000 km km km km km km km km
Upper and Lower King
Pin Bushings for Wear
Group 1 Vocations I
Group 2 Vocations I
Group 3 Vocations I
Group 4 Vocations I
Group 5 Vocations I
Draw Key Nuts T T
Sealed Hub Unit I
Inspection
I = Inspect L = Lubricate T = Tighten to specified torque
1
Tie rod ends with an anti-tilt style seal require lubrication every 10,000 miles (16 100 km).
2
If power washers are used during vehicle cleaning operations, lubrication intervals need to be adjusted. Frequent power washed vehicles will require more
frequent lubrication.
Lubrication
Lubricant Specifications
Table N: Front-Non-Drive Axle Greasing Specifications
Meritor NLGI
Grease1 Specification Grade Grease Classification Outside Temperature
Multi-Purpose O-617-A 1 Lithium 12-Hydroxyl Refer to the grease
Grease1 O-617-B 2 Stearate manufacturer’s specifications
for the temperature service
limits.
1
Meritor recognizes that industry trends are moving toward increased selection and usage of synthetic grease in vehicle
maintenance. However, some seals are known to expand when in contact with synthetic grease. Consult your local Meritor
representative for synthetic grease application references BEFORE using any synthetic grease when performing axle service and
maintenance.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 71
9 Lubrication and Maintenance
Hazard Alert Messages Figure 9.2
Always clean off grease
Read and observe all Caution and Warning safety alerts below and fittings prior to applying lube.
those that precede instructions or procedures you will perform.
WARNING
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and GREASE
damage to components can result. FITTING
ALTERNATE
LOCATION
1003422b
Lubrication
Figure 9.2
Tie Rod End
4. Attach either a hand or air pressure grease gun to the grease
This procedure refers to all tie rod ends on Meritor non-drive steer
fitting. Figure 9.3. If using air pressure, do not exceed 150 psi
axles.
(1035 kPa).
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake. Figure 9.3
2. Turn the vehicle wheels to the STRAIGHT position. Figure 9.1.
Figure 9.1
Apply grease into all grease fittings where required.
1003423b
Figure 9.3
5. Apply grease into the grease fitting. Discolored old grease
Point wheels straight ahead. 1003405a
should come out of the purge holes near the boot crimp or
bellows area, typically three or more places. Figure 9.4.
6. If the tie rod end is designed for lube service and it does not
Figure 9.1 accept grease:
A. Remove the grease fitting.
3. Wipe the grease fitting, seal and boot clean with shop towels.
Figure 9.2. B. Inspect the threaded grease fitting hole in the tie rod end
and remove any obstructions.
C. Install a new grease fitting.
D. Continue the lubrication procedure.
7. Apply grease until all old grease is purged from the boot.
72 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
9 Lubrication and Maintenance
Figure 9.4
NON-REMOVABLE AND ALL-WEATHER
BOOT SEAL TIE ROD ENDS
SLIDING SEAL TIE
ROD ENDS
TRW — LUBE
O & S — LUBE PURGES FROM
PURGES FROM THREE BOOT BASE IN EVEN,
HOLES TOP OF BOOT SMALL STREAMS
TRW — LUBE PURGES
EVENLY FROM BASE OF BOOT
URRESKO — LUBE PURGES O & S — LUBE O & S — NON-GREASEABLE
FROM TOP OF BOOT PURGES FROM THREE
HOLES TOP OF BOOT 1003424d
Figure 9.4
Figure 9.5
King Pins TOP
GREASE
Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends SIDE
FITTING
GREASE
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to keep FITTING
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake.
2. Verify that the tires touch the ground. DO NOT RAISE THE
VEHICLE.
3. Clean off all grease fittings prior to lubrication. Lube must
come from
4. Lubricate the king pins through the top and the bottom grease here. 1000327b
fittings. Figure 9.5.
Figure 9.5
5. Apply lubricant until new lubricant comes from between the
upper shim pack and thrust bearing seal.
6. Apply lubricant into the bottom fitting until new lubricant
purges and fills the thrust bearing.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 73
9 Lubrication and Maintenance
Axles with Unitized Wheel Ends Figure 9.7
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to keep
CONVENTIONAL
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake.
2. Verify that the tires touch the ground. DO NOT RAISE THE
VEHICLE.
3. Clean off all grease fittings prior to lubrication. Lube must
come from here.
4. Lubricate the king pins through the grease fittings on the top
and bottom king pin caps. Figure 9.6. GREASE
FITTING
5. Force lubricant into the upper and lower king pin grease fitting 1000329a
caps until new lubricant flows from between the upper axle Figure 9.7
beam end and the knuckle, and the lower axle beam end and
the knuckle. Figure 9.6.
Figure 9.8
Figure 9.6
UNITIZED
Lube must
GREASE come from here.
FITTING
Lube must come
from here.
GREASE
FITTING
1000012b
GREASE
FITTING 1000011b Figure 9.8
Figure 9.6
Grease-Lubricated Wheel Bearings
Ball Studs on the Steering Arm and the Tie Rod Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends
Arm Ends
NOTE: This procedure applies to hubs with grease-lubricated wheel
Axles with Conventional and Unitized Wheel Ends bearings.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake. 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to keep
the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake.
2. Verify that the tires touch the ground. DO NOT RAISE THE
VEHICLE. 2. Remove the tire and wheel assembly. Remove and
disassemble the hub. Refer to Section 4.
3. Clean off all grease fittings prior to lubrication.
3. Remove the old lubricant from all parts. Discard the seals.
4. Apply lubricant until new lubricant comes from the boot. Inspect the wheel bearings for wear or damage. Replace worn
Figure 9.7 and Figure 9.8. or damaged bearings. Refer to Section 5.
4. Force the specified lubricant from the large end of the cones
into the cavities between the rollers and cage. Pack the hub
between the bearing cups with lubricant to the level of the
smallest diameter of the cups. Figure 9.9.
74 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
9 Lubrication and Maintenance
Figure 9.9
Maintenance
LUBE
Tighten Draw Key Nuts
Axles with Conventional and Unitized Wheel Ends
NOTE: This procedure applies to all except 901, 903 and
970 Series axles. These axles do not use a draw key. Refer to the
identification tag on the front of the axle beam.
1000330b Tighten the nuts on the side of the knuckle that hold the draw keys
to 30-45 lb-ft (41-61 N폷m) at the following times. Figure 9.11 and
Figure 9.9 Figure 9.12. @
앫 After the first 6,000 miles (10 000 km) of new vehicle operation
5. Install the inner and outer bearing cones into the cups in the
hubs. The bearing cups must be pressed tight against the 앫 Every 36,000 miles (58 000 km) of operation
shoulder in the hubs.
Figure 9.11
6. Install new wheel seals into the hubs.
7. Install the hub and the wheel and tire assembly. Install the CONVENTIONAL
outer wheel bearing cone into the hub. Install the adjusting nut.
Tighten draw key
8. Adjust the wheel bearings. Refer to Section 7. nut to 30-45 lb-ft
(41-61 N•m).
Oil-Lubricated Wheel Bearings
Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends
NOTE: This procedure applies to hubs with oil-lubricated wheel 1000332b
bearings.
Figure 9.11
1. Check the level on the cap. If the oil level is not at the specified
level on the cap, remove the fill plug.
Figure 9.12
2. Add the specified oil until the oil is at the specified level. UNITIZED
Figure 9.10.
DRAW KEY NUT
Figure 9.10
30-45 LB-FT
(41-61 N•m)
1000013c
Figure 9.12
OIL
LEVEL 1000331c
Figure 9.10
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 75
9 Lubrication and Maintenance
Check the Steering Arm Bolts
WARNING
Take care when you use Loctite® adhesive to avoid serious
personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
using this product. Follow the instructions carefully to prevent
irritation to the eyes and skin. If Loctite® adhesive material
gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s emergency
procedures. Have your eyes checked by a physician as soon
as possible.
1. Check the steering arm bolts for minimum torque. Refer to
Table O.
Table O: Steering Arm Bolts Torque Specifications
Axle Torque lb-ft (N폷m)
MFS-6 215-265 (290-360)
MFS-7 or MFS-8 360-470 (490-638)
All other axles 300-450 (406-610)
앫 If steering arm bolt torque has fallen below minimum
torque:
A. Remove the bolts. Clean all the threads. Install new
Loctite® 680 adhesive, Meritor part number
2297-K-5523.
B. Tighten the bolts to specification. Refer to Table O.
2. Check the steering arm bolt torque every 200,000 miles
(320 000 km) or 24 months.
3. Refer to Section 5 for Dri-Loc® fastener installation
procedures.
76 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
10 Specifications
Torque Specifications
10 Specifications
Front Non-Drive Axles with Conventional Wheel Ends
Figure 10.1
1 2
5
6
3
4
7
10
11 12
11
1000403d
78 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
10 Specifications
Table P: Front Axle with Conventional Wheel-End Torque Specifications
Torque Range
Item Description Size lb-ft N폷m
1 Steering Arm-to-Drag Link Nut Refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications.
2 Knuckle Cap Capscrew 5/16"-18 20-30 28-40
3 Steering Arm-to-Knuckle Nut 7/8"-14 250-450 339-610
1"-14 390-725 529-982
1-1/8"-12 550-1025 746-1389
1-1/4"-12 775-1450 1051-1965
1-1/2"-12 1350-2525 1831-3423
4 Draw Key Nut 30-45 41-61
5 3/4" Stop Screw Adapter 65-115 88-155
7/16"-20
6 1/2" Stop Screw Lock/Jam Nut 50-75 68-101
7 3/4" Stop Screw Lock/Jam Nut 65-85 88-115
8 Tie Rod Arm-to-Tie Rod End Nut 7/8"-14 160-300 217-406
1"-14 250-450 339-610
1-1/8"-12 350-650 475-881
1-1/4"-12 500-675 678-915
9 Cross Tube Clamp Nut 5/8"-11 40-60 55-81
3/4"-10 155-175 211-237
10 Tie Rod Arm-to-Knuckle Nut 7/8"-14 250-450 339-610
1"-14 390-725 529-982
1-1/8"-12 550-1025 746-1389
1-1/4"-12 775-1450 1051-1965
1-1/2"-12 1350-2525 1831-3423
11 Threaded Knuckle Cap 2.00"-20
70-90 95-122
1-5/8"-20
12 Steering Arm Knuckle Bolt 3/4"-16 360-470 490-638
M16 x 2.0 215-265 290-360
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 79
10 Specifications
Front Non-Drive Axles with Unitized Wheel Ends
Figure 10.2
1 2a
3
2a
2b
10
6
9
7
8
2
1
1000068g
80 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
10 Specifications
Table Q: Front Axle with Unitized Wheel End Torque Specifications
Torque Range
Item Description Size lb-ft N폷m
1 Grease Fitting 1/8"-27 P.T.F. 10 minimum 13.558 minimum
2a Old Hexagon Threaded King Pin Cap 2-1/4"-20 60-80 81-108
2b New Round Threaded King Pin Cap 2-1/4"-20 70-90 95-120
3 Steering Arm Knuckle Bolt 7/8"-14 300-450 406-610
4 Stop Screw Nut 1/2"-13 50-75 68-101
5 Tie Rod Arm-to-Tie Rod End Nut 7/8"-14 160-300 217-406
1"-14 250-450 339-610
1-1/8"-12 350-650 475-881
1-1/4"-12 500-675 678-915
6 Draw Key Nut 7/16"-20 30-45 41-61
7 Cross Tube Clamp Nut 5/8"-11 40-60 55-81
3/4"-10 155-175 211-237
8 Hubcap 3-1/2" Plastic 50-100 67-135
3-1/2" Aluminum 325-375 440-508
9 Outer Wheel Bearing Nut — 200-300 271-406
10 Inner Wheel Bearing Nut — 500-700 677-949
NOTE: All torque values apply to parts lightly coated with rust
preventive grease. For dry parts, increase torque values by 10%.
For parts heavily coated with grease, decrease torque values by 10%.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 81
11 Special Tools
Special Tools
11 Special Tools
To obtain these tools, refer to the Service Notes page on the front
inside cover of this manual.
Table R: Special Tools
SPX Kent-Moore Owatonna Snap-On® Great Lakes
Description Tool Number Tool Number Tool Number Tool References
King Pin Remover 4240 4240 20 Ton: CG430HYB — Section 4
35 Ton: CG730HY
1
King Pin Bushing Section 4
Service Kit Section 6
Basic Service Kit PT 4375-A — — —
FF- and FG-Series Kits PT 4370-10 — — —
FL-Series Kit PT 4370-20 — — —
MFS-6 PT-4370-110 — — —
FC and MFS-7 and -8 PT-4370-120 — — —
Seal Installer — — — Meritor Front Section 6
Axle Seal
Installer Kit
1
Use the Basic Service Kit along with the correct axle series kit.
82 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
11 Special Tools
Figure 11.1
2.5"
(63 MM)
SUITABLE
LENGTH
1000364b
Table S: Dimensions for Bushing Removal and Installation Tool
Axle Model Dimension X Dimension Y
Number (± 0.001-inch) (± 0.025 mm) (± 0.001-inch) (± 0.025 mm)
FC-901
FC-903 1.22 31.191 1.350 34.290
FC-921
FC-941 1.493 37.922 1.618 41.097
FD-901 1.427 36.245 1.552 39.420
FD-931
1.600 40.640 1.725 43.815
FD-933
FD-961 1.786 45.364 1.911 48.539
FE-970 1.600 40.640 1.725 43.815
FF-921
FF-931
FF-932 1.787 45.389 1.911
FF-933
FF-934
48.539
FF-941
FF-942
FF-943
FF-944 1.786 45.364 1.911
FF-961
FF-966
FF-967
FF-971 1.600 40.640 1.725 43.815
FF-981
FF-982
FF-983
1.786 45.364 1.911 48.539
FF-984
FF-986
FF-987
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 83
11 Special Tools
Table S: Dimensions for Bushing Removal and Installation Tool (cont’d.)
Axle Model Dimension X Dimension Y
Number (± 0.001-inch) (± 0.025 mm) (± 0.001-inch) (± 0.025 mm)
FG-931
1.787 45.389
FG-933
1.911 48.539
FG-941
1.786 45.364
FG-943
FL-931
1.922 50.596
FL-933
FL-941 2.116 53.746
1.990 50.546
FL-943
FL-951 1.992 50.596
FU-910
2.054 52.171 2.179 55.346
FU-935
MFS 6 1.228 31.191 1.350 34.290
MFS 7
1.493 37.922 1.618 41.097
MFS 8
MFS 10 1.786
MFS 12
45.364 1.911 48.539
MFS 13 1.786
MFS 14
MFS 16
MFS 18 1.990 50.546 2.116 53.746
MFS 20
84 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
11 Special Tools
Figure 11.2
REMOVABLE
PILOT
OPTIONAL
A B REAMER C
E = D + 2"
D (50.8 MM)
MINIMUM
2.5" (63 MM)
MATERIAL: HIGH SPEED STEEL
NUMBER OF BLADES: USE 10-14 BLADES
CUT OF BLADES: RIGHT-HAND CUT,
LEFT-HAND FLUTE
LENGTH OF BLADES: 2.50" (63.5 MM)
1000049d
Table T: Bushing Reamer Dimensions
Lower Pilot Diameter Blade Diameter Upper Pilot
Dimension A Dimension B Diameter C Lower Pilot Upper Pilot
(± 0.001-inch or (± 0.0005-inch or (± 0.001-inch or Length Length Minimum
± 0.0245 mm) ± 0.0127 mm) ± 0.0245 mm) Dimension D Dimension E
Axle Model inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm
FC-901
FC-9011 1.2375
1.2225 31.0515 31.4325 1.2320 31.2928+ 6.75 171.45 8.75 222.25
FC-903
FC-921 1.2360
FC-941 1.4875 37.7825 1.5015 38.1381 1.4960 37.9984 8.90 226.06 10.90 276.86
FD-901 36.4998
1.4220 36.1188 1.4370 1.4315 36.3601
FD-9011 36.4498
8.50 215.90 10.50 266.70
FD-931
1.5950 40.5130 1.6100 40.8940 1.6405 41.6687
FD-933
FD-961 1.7800 45.2120 1.7955 45.6057 1.7900 45.4660 10.25 260.35 12.25 311.15
FE-970 1.5950 40.5130 1.6100 40.8940 1.6405 41.6687 8.50 215.90 10.50 266.70
FF-921 11.20
FF-931
FF-932 1.7820 45.2628 1.7970 45.6438 1.7915 45.5041 9.30 236.22 287.02
11.30
FF-933
FF-934
FF-941
FF-942
FF-943
FF-944 1.7800 45.2120 1.7955 45.6057 1.7900 45.4660 10.25 260.35 12.25 311.15
FF-961
FF-966
FF-967
FF-971 1.5950 40.5130 1.6100 40.8940 1.6405 41.6687 8.50 215.90 10.50 266.70
1
Use these specifications when replacing the existing bushing with an Easy Steer™ bushing.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06) 85
11 Special Tools
Table T: Bushing Reamer Dimensions (cont’d.)
Lower Pilot Diameter Blade Diameter Upper Pilot
Dimension A Dimension B Diameter C Lower Pilot Upper Pilot
(± 0.001-inch or (± 0.0005-inch or (± 0.001-inch or Length Length Minimum
± 0.0245 mm) ± 0.0127 mm) ± 0.0245 mm) Dimension D Dimension E
Axle Model inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm
FF-981
FF-982
FF-983
1.7800 45.2120 1.7955 45.6057 1.7900 45.4660 10.25 260.35 12.25 311.15
FF-984
FF-986
FF-987
FG-931
1.7820 45.2628 1.7970 45.6438 1.7915 45.5041 9.30 236.22 11.30 287.02
FG-933
FG-941 45.4660
1.7800 45.2120 1.7955 45.6057 1.7900 10.25 260.35 12.25 311.15
FG-943 45.4787
FL-931
1.9870 50.4698 2.0025 50.8635 1.9970 50.7238
FL-933
FL-941 10.10 256.54 12.10 307.34
FL-943 1.9850 50.4190 2.0005 50.8127 1.9950 50.6730
FL-951
FU-910
2.0490 52.0446 2.0640 52.4256 2.0585 52.2859 11.32 287.52 13.32 338.32
FU-935
MFS 6 1.2225 31.0515 1.2360 31.4325 1.2320 31.2928 6.75 171.45 8.75 222.25
MFS 7
1.4875 37.7825 1.5015 38.1381 1.4960 37.9984 8.90 226.06 10.90 276.86
MFS 8
MFS 10
1.7800 45.2120 1.7955 45.6057 1.7900 45.4660 10.25 260.35 12.25 311.15
MFS 12
MFS 13
1.7800 45.2120 1.7955 45.6057 1.7900 45.4660 10.25 260.35 12.25 311.15
MFS 14
MFS 16
MFS 18 1.9850 50.4190 2.0005 50.8127 1.9950 50.6730 10.10 256.54 12.10 307.34
MFS 20
1
Use these specifications when replacing the existing bushing with an Easy Steer™ bushing.
86 Meritor Maintenance Manual 2 (Revised 10-06)
Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, LLC
2135 West Maple Road Printed in USA
Troy, MI 48084 USA
800-535-5560 Copyright 2006 Revised 10-06
arvinmeritor.com ArvinMeritor, Inc. Maintenance Manual 2 (16579/22882)
Maintenance Manual 12
Heavy-Duty Front Drive Steer Axles
RF-16, RF-21, RF-22, RF-23 and FDS Series
Revised 10-07
Service Notes
About This Manual Literature on Demand DVD (LODonDVD)
This manual provides maintenance and service information for the The LODonDVD contains product, service and warranty information
Meritor heavy-duty front drive steer axles equipped with either for ArvinMeritor components. To order the DVD, visit Literature on
wedge brakes or Q Series or Q Plus™ cam brakes. Demand at arvinmeritor.com and specify TP-0742.
Before You Begin How to Obtain Tools and Supplies Specified
1. Read and understand all instructions and procedures before
in This Manual
you begin to service components. Call ArvinMeritor’s Commercial Vehicle Aftermarket at
888-725-9355 to obtain Meritor tools and supplies.
2. Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert
messages in this publication. They provide information that can
help prevent serious personal injury, damage to components,
or both.
3. Follow your company’s maintenance and service, installation,
and diagnostics guidelines.
4. Use special tools when required to help avoid serious personal
injury and damage to components.
Hazard Alert Messages and Torque Symbols
WARNING
A Warning alerts you to an instruction or procedure that you
must follow exactly to avoid serious personal injury and
damage to components.
CAUTION
A Caution alerts you to an instruction or procedure that you
must follow exactly to avoid damage to components.
@ This symbol alerts you to tighten fasteners to a specified torque
value.
How to Obtain Additional Maintenance and
Service Information
On the Web
Visit Literature on Demand at arvinmeritor.com to access and order
product, service, aftermarket, and warranty literature for
ArvinMeritor’s truck, trailer and specialty vehicle components.
Information contained in this publication was in effect at the time the publication was
approved for printing and is subject to change without notice or liability. Meritor Heavy
Vehicle Systems, LLC, reserves the right to revise the information presented or to
discontinue the production of parts described at any time.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
Contents
pg. i Asbestos and Non-Asbestos Fibers pg. 35 Section 6: Prepare Parts for Assembly
1 Section 1: Exploded Views Prepare Parts for Assembly
FDS-1600 Series with Wedge Brakes Clean Ground and Polished Parts
2 FDS-1800 and FDS-2100 Series with Wedge Brakes Clean Rough Parts
5 RF-16, RF-21 and RF-23 Series with Q Series Cam Brakes Clean Axle Assemblies
7 Wedge Brake Dry Cleaned Parts
8 Q Series Brake Inspection
9 Section 2: Introduction Parts
Description 37 Repair
10 Identification Repair or Replace Parts
Prior Axle Models Welding on Axle Housings
11 Current Axle Models 39 Applying Adhesive and Silicone Gasket Material
13 Section 3: Inspection 41 Section 7: Wedge Brake Assembly and
Inspection Installation
Tie Rod End Wear Assembly
15 Tie Rod Assembly for Movement Axle Shaft Universal Joint
17 Federal Out of Service Roadside Inspection Criteria 42 Steering Knuckle and the Axle Shaft
(Department of Transportation) 46 Spindle and Brake to the Steering Knuckle
18 Section 4: Wedge Brake Removal and 47 Installation
Disassembly Wheel Bearings Into the Hubs
Disassembly 48 Adjustment
Front Drive Steer Axle Wheel Ends Equipped with Wedge Wheel Bearings
Brakes Assembly
Removal Drum and Drive Flange
Wheels, Drums and Hubs from the Axle 49 Adjustment
20 Disassembly Brake
Bearing Cups and Oil Seal from the Hub
Assembly
Removal
Cross Tube to the Knuckle
Steering Knuckle from the Housing
50 Adjustment
23 Disassembly
Wedge Brake and Spindle from the Steering Knuckle Steering Stop Setting
Removal Maximum Turn Angle Setting
Bearings and Bushings from the Housing Socket Manual Steering
24 Steering Universal Joint from the Housing Power Steering
Disassembly 51 Wheel Toe-In Adjustment
Steering Universal Joint
27 Section 5: Cam Brake Removal and
Disassembly
Disassembly
Front Drive Steer Axle Wheel Ends Equipped with Cam
Brakes
Removal
Wheels, Drums and Hubs from the Axle
28 Disassembly
Bearing Cups and Oil Seal from the Hub
Removal
Steering Knuckle from the Housing
30 Disassembly
Steering Universal Joint
32 Cam Brake and Spindle from the Steering Knuckle
Contents
pg. 53 Section 8: Cam Brake Assembly and
Installation
Assembly
Axle Shaft Universal Joint
54 Steering Knuckle and the Axle Shaft
56 Spindle and Brake to the Steering Knuckle
59 Installation
Wheel Bearings Into the Hubs
Adjustment
Brakes
Wheel Bearings
60 ABS Sensor
Assembly
Drum and the Drive Flange
61 Cross Tube to the Knuckle
Adjustment
Steering Stop Setting
Maximum Turn Angle Setting
Manual Steering
Power Steering
62 Wheel Toe-In
64 Section 9: Lubrication
Overview
Check and Adjust
Oil Level
65 Drain and Replace
Oil
Lubrication
Knuckle King Pins
Camshaft Retainer Bushing and Cam Bushing
Drive Axle Shaft Universal Joint
Axle Shaft Spline and Thrust Washer
Cross Tube End Assembly
66 Knuckle Bushing
Greasing Wheel Bearings
67 Specifications
Front Drive Axle Oil Change Intervals and Specifications
Front Drive Axle Greasing Change Intervals and
Specifications
68 Wheel-End Oil Change Intervals and Specifications
Wheel-End Axle Greasing Intervals and Specifications
69 Section 10: Specifications
Torque Specifications
Wedge Brake Fastener Torque Specifications
71 Cam Brake Fastener Torque Specifications
Asbestos and Non-Asbestos Fibers
ASBESTOS FIBERS WARNING NON-ASBESTOS FIBERS WARNING
The following procedures for servicing brakes are recommended to reduce exposure to The following procedures for servicing brakes are recommended to reduce exposure to
asbestos fiber dust, a cancer and lung disease hazard. Material Safety Data Sheets are non-asbestos fiber dust, a cancer and lung disease hazard. Material Safety Data
available from ArvinMeritor. Sheets are available from ArvinMeritor.
Hazard Summary Hazard Summary
Because some brake linings contain asbestos, workers who service brakes must understand the Most recently manufactured brake linings do not contain asbestos fibers. These brake linings may
potential hazards of asbestos and precautions for reducing risks. Exposure to airborne asbestos contain one or more of a variety of ingredients, including glass fibers, mineral wool, aramid fibers,
dust can cause serious and possibly fatal diseases, including asbestosis (a chronic lung disease) ceramic fibers and silica that can present health risks if inhaled. Scientists disagree on the extent
and cancer, principally lung cancer and mesothelioma (a cancer of the lining of the chest or of the risks from exposure to these substances. Nonetheless, exposure to silica dust can cause
abdominal cavities). Some studies show that the risk of lung cancer among persons who smoke silicosis, a non-cancerous lung disease. Silicosis gradually reduces lung capacity and efficiency
and who are exposed to asbestos is much greater than the risk for non-smokers. Symptoms of and can result in serious breathing difficulty. Some scientists believe other types of non-asbestos
these diseases may not become apparent for 15, 20 or more years after the first exposure to fibers, when inhaled, can cause similar diseases of the lung. In addition, silica dust and ceramic
asbestos. fiber dust are known to the State of California to cause lung cancer. U.S. and international
Accordingly, workers must use caution to avoid creating and breathing dust when servicing agencies have also determined that dust from mineral wool, ceramic fibers and silica are potential
brakes. Specific recommended work practices for reducing exposure to asbestos dust follow. causes of cancer.
Consult your employer for more details. Accordingly, workers must use caution to avoid creating and breathing dust when servicing
brakes. Specific recommended work practices for reducing exposure to
Recommended Work Practices non-asbestos dust follow. Consult your employer for more details.
1. Separate Work Areas. Whenever feasible, service brakes in a separate area away from other Recommended Work Practices
operations to reduce risks to unprotected persons. OSHA has set a maximum allowable level of
exposure for asbestos of 0.1 f/cc as an 8-hour time-weighted average and 1.0 f/cc averaged over 1. Separate Work Areas. Whenever feasible, service brakes in a separate area away from other
a 30-minute period. Scientists disagree, however, to what extent adherence to the maximum operations to reduce risks to unprotected persons.
allowable exposure levels will eliminate the risk of disease that can result from inhaling asbestos 2. Respiratory Protection. OSHA has set a maximum allowable level of exposure for silica of 0.1
dust. OSHA requires that the following sign be posted at the entrance to areas where exposures mg/m3 as an 8-hour time-weighted average. Some manufacturers of non-asbestos brake linings
exceed either of the maximum allowable levels: recommend that exposures to other ingredients found in non-asbestos brake linings be kept
DANGER: ASBESTOS below 1.0 f/cc as an 8-hour time-weighted average. Scientists disagree, however, to what extent
CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD adherence to these maximum allowable exposure levels will eliminate the risk of disease that can
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY result from inhaling non-asbestos dust.
RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Therefore, wear respiratory protection at all times during brake servicing, beginning with the
ARE REQUIRED IN THIS AREA. removal of the wheels. Wear a respirator equipped with a high-efficiency (HEPA) filter
2. Respiratory Protection. Wear a respirator equipped with a high-efficiency (HEPA) filter approved by NIOSH or MSHA, if the exposure levels may exceed OSHA or manufacturers’
approved by NIOSH or MSHA for use with asbestos at all times when servicing brakes, beginning recommended maximum levels. Even when exposures are expected to be within the maximum
with the removal of the wheels. allowable levels, wearing such a respirator at all times during brake servicing will help minimize
3. Procedures for Servicing Brakes. exposure.
a. Enclose the brake assembly within a negative pressure enclosure. The enclosure should be 3. Procedures for Servicing Brakes.
equipped with a HEPA vacuum and worker arm sleeves. With the enclosure in place, use the a. Enclose the brake assembly within a negative pressure enclosure. The enclosure should be
HEPA vacuum to loosen and vacuum residue from the brake parts. equipped with a HEPA vacuum and worker arm sleeves. With the enclosure in place, use the
b. As an alternative procedure, use a catch basin with water and a biodegradable, non- HEPA vacuum to loosen and vacuum residue from the brake parts.
phosphate, water-based detergent to wash the brake drum or rotor and other brake parts. b. As an alternative procedure, use a catch basin with water and a biodegradable, non-
The solution should be applied with low pressure to prevent dust from becoming airborne. phosphate, water-based detergent to wash the brake drum or rotor and other brake parts.
Allow the solution to flow between the brake drum and the brake support or the brake rotor The solution should be applied with low pressure to prevent dust from becoming airborne.
and caliper. The wheel hub and brake assembly components should be thoroughly wetted to Allow the solution to flow between the brake drum and the brake support or the brake rotor
suppress dust before the brake shoes or brake pads are removed. Wipe the brake parts and caliper. The wheel hub and brake assembly components should be thoroughly wetted to
clean with a cloth. suppress dust before the brake shoes or brake pads are removed. Wipe the brake parts
c. If an enclosed vacuum system or brake washing equipment is not available, employers may clean with a cloth.
adopt their own written procedures for servicing brakes, provided that the exposure levels c. If an enclosed vacuum system or brake washing equipment is not available, carefully clean
associated with the employer’s procedures do not exceed the levels associated with the the brake parts in the open air. Wet the parts with a solution applied with a pump-spray
enclosed vacuum system or brake washing equipment. Consult OSHA regulations for more bottle that creates a fine mist. Use a solution containing water, and, if available, a
details. biodegradable, non-phosphate, water-based detergent. The wheel hub and brake assembly
d. Wear a respirator equipped with a HEPA filter approved by NIOSH or MSHA for use with components should be thoroughly wetted to suppress dust before the brake shoes or brake
asbestos when grinding or machining brake linings. In addition, do such work in an area with pads are removed. Wipe the brake parts clean with a cloth.
a local exhaust ventilation system equipped with a HEPA filter. d. Wear a respirator equipped with a HEPA filter approved by NIOSH or MSHA when grinding or
e. NEVER use compressed air by itself, dry brushing, or a vacuum not equipped with a HEPA machining brake linings. In addition, do such work in an area with a local exhaust ventilation
filter when cleaning brake parts or assemblies. NEVER use carcinogenic solvents, system equipped with a HEPA filter.
flammable solvents, or solvents that can damage brake components as wetting agents. e. NEVER use compressed air by itself, dry brushing, or a vacuum not equipped with a HEPA
4. Cleaning Work Areas. Clean work areas with a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter or by wet filter when cleaning brake parts or assemblies. NEVER use carcinogenic solvents,
wiping. NEVER use compressed air or dry sweeping to clean work areas. When you empty flammable solvents, or solvents that can damage brake components as wetting agents.
vacuum cleaners and handle used rags, wear a respirator equipped with a HEPA filter approved 4. Cleaning Work Areas. Clean work areas with a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter or by wet
by NIOSH or MSHA for use with asbestos. When you replace a HEPA filter, wet the filter with a fine wiping. NEVER use compressed air or dry sweeping to clean work areas. When you empty
mist of water and dispose of the used filter with care. vacuum cleaners and handle used rags, wear a respirator equipped with a HEPA filter approved
5. Worker Clean-Up. After servicing brakes, wash your hands before you eat, drink or smoke. by NIOSH or MSHA, to minimize exposure. When you replace a HEPA filter, wet the filter with a
Shower after work. Do not wear work clothes home. Use a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter to fine mist of water and dispose of the used filter with care.
vacuum work clothes after they are worn. Launder them separately. Do not shake or use 5. Worker Clean-Up. After servicing brakes, wash your hands before you eat, drink or smoke.
compressed air to remove dust from work clothes. Shower after work. Do not wear work clothes home. Use a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter to
6. Waste Disposal. Dispose of discarded linings, used rags, cloths and HEPA filters with care, vacuum work clothes after they are worn. Launder them separately. Do not shake or use
such as in sealed plastic bags. Consult applicable EPA, state and local regulations on waste compressed air to remove dust from work clothes.
disposal. 6. Waste Disposal. Dispose of discarded linings, used rags, cloths and HEPA filters with care,
such as in sealed plastic bags. Consult applicable EPA, state and local regulations on waste
Regulatory Guidance disposal.
References to OSHA, NIOSH, MSHA, and EPA, which are regulatory agencies in the United States, Regulatory Guidance
are made to provide further guidance to employers and workers employed within the United
States. Employers and workers employed outside of the United States should consult the References to OSHA, NIOSH, MSHA, and EPA, which are regulatory agencies in the United States,
regulations that apply to them for further guidance. are made to provide further guidance to employers and workers employed within the United
States. Employers and workers employed outside of the United States should consult the
regulations that apply to them for further guidance.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 i
1 Exploded Views
FDS-1600 Series with Wedge Brakes
1 Exploded Views
Figure 1.1
HUB AND DRUM 5
IN PLACE OF 6
SPOKE WHEEL 4
AND DRUM 25
7
2 3
1 24
23
21 22
20
19
17
18
16
14 15
12 13
57
11 46
10 26 58
43 45
27 42 44 56
8 55
41
28 54
9 47 58
53
40
52 57
39
38 59
51
48
37
36 49 50
34 69
35
60
68 61
33
67
32 66
29
65
70
60
78 71
64
77 63
76 62
31 72
30 75
74
73 4000769a
1 Exploded Views
Item Description Item Description
1 Nut 40 Washer
2 Wheel Spacer 41 Outer Capscrew
3 Stud 42 Grease Fitting
4 Hub 43 Inner Capscrew
5 Brake Drum 44 Washer
6 Wheel Stud 45 Steering Arm Ball
7 Screw 46 Upper Cap
8 Capscrew 47 Cotter Pin
9 Washer 48 Nut
10 Hubcap 49 Stop Screw
11 Shim 50 Stop Screw Jam Nut
12 Snap Ring 51 Shaft or Yoke — Wheel Side
13 Flange 52 Cross/U-Joint
14 Gasket 53 Shaft or Yoke — Carrier Side
15 Nut 54 Washer
16 Washer 55 Oil Seal
17 Dowel 56 Bushing
18 Nut 57 Bushing
19 Outer Bearing Cone 58 Expansion Ring
20 Outer Bearing Cup 59 Nut
21 Wheel and Drum Assembly 60 Cross Tube End
22 Inner Bearing Cup 61 Cross Tube
23 Inner Bearing Cone 62 Capscrew
24 Oil Seal 63 Lock Washer
25 Brake Assembly 64 Nut
26 Nut 65 Pin
27 Lock Washer 66 Cotter Pin
28 Nut 67 Nut
29 Adapter 68 Bushing
30 Nut 69 Bolt
31 Washer 70 Set Screw
32 Spindle Assembly 71 Pin
33 Felt 72 Capscrew
34 Oil Seal 73 Grease Fitting
35 Washer 74 Capscrew
36 Knuckle 75 Lower Cap
37 Bushing 76 Thrust Washer
38 Shim 77 Anchor Pin
39 Steering Arm 78 Stud
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 1
1 Exploded Views
FDS-1800 and FDS-2100 Series with Wedge Brakes
Figure 1.2
5 9
6 10
7 11
8 12
8 12
7 13
6 14 42
5 15 35
32 34 43
FULL BEARING BUSHING AND 31 33 44
DESIGN BEARING DESIGN 31
36
1 30
2 29
FULL 37
BUSHING 16 28
17 18 39 38
DESIGN 19 20 21
22 23 25
24 27 45
26
40
2 46
4 41 47
1 54
64 49 50 55
62 51
3
66 65 63
58
68
65 59
66 60 48 52
67 61 53
69 56 57
70 67 64
71
72
73
74
75 76 77
81 82
84
86 87
88
80 90
91
SPOKE WHEEL
IN PLACE 92
OF HUB 78 83
85
79
89
4000770a
2 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
1 Exploded Views
Item Description Item Description
1 Bushing 36 Steering Arm
2 Expansion Plug 37 Key
3 Thrust Washer 38 Cotter Pin
4 Pin 39 Nut
5 Grease Seal 40 Shims
6 Bearing Cone 41 Knuckle
7 Bearing Cup 42 Capscrew
8 Expansion Plug or Socket Plug 43 Washer
9 Grease Seal 44 Upper Cap
10 Adapter 45 Capscrew
11 Bushing 46 Washer
12 Expansion Plug 47 Upper Dust Shield
13 Bearing Cup 48 Lower Dust Shield
14 Bearing Cone 49 Oil Seal
15 Grease Seal 50 Sleeve
16 Adapter 51 Washer
17 Bushing 52 Retainer
18 Thrust Washer 53 Felt Seal
19 Oil Seal 54 Grease Fitting
20 Shaft or Yoke — Carrier Side 55 Spindle Assembly
21 Cross or U-Joint 56 Washer
22 Shaft or Yoke — Wheel Side 57 Capscrew
23 Washer 58 Grease Seal
24 Capscrew 59 Lower Cap
25 Stop Screw 60 Washer
26 Stop Screw Jam Nut 61 Capscrew
27 Grease Seal 62 Nut (Included with Item 64)
28 Nut 63 Cotter Pin (Included with Item 64)
29 Cotter Pin 64 Tie Rod End
30 Upper Adapter 65 Capscrew
31 Washer 66 Clamp
32 Capscrew — Long 67 Nut
33 Grease Fitting 68 Cross Tube
34 Capscrew — Short 69 Brake Assembly
35 Steering Arm Ball 70 Oil Deflector
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 3
1 Exploded Views
Item Description
71 Washer
72 Capscrew
73 Sleeve
74 Oil Seal
75 Inner Bearing Cone
76 Inner Bearing Cup
77 Hub
78 Wheel Stud
79 Nut
80 Wheel Assembly
81 Outer Bearing Cup
82 Outer Bearing Cone
83 Nut
84 Lock Washer
85 Nut
86 Wheel Spacer
87 Brake Drum
88 Flange
89 Expansion Plug
90 Washer
91 Capscrew
92 Grease Fitting
4 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
1 Exploded Views
RF-16, RF-21 and RF-23 Series with Q Series Cam Brakes
Figure 1.3
20
24 25 31
19
21 23 32
1 18 22
2 17 26
3 16 27
5 6 8 10
14
12 13 15 28
34
29
3 35
36
7 30
2
9
4 38 39 41
11 47 40
48
46
53 42
49 37
49 43
52 51
50 44
45
48
50
54
58
59
60 62
61
65
64
67
69
72
73 74
75
63 76 77
66
68 80
71
78 79
4000771a
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 5
1 Exploded Views
Item Description Item Description
1 Grease Seal 41 Spindle Assembly
2 Bushing 42 Lower Cap
3 Expansion Plug 43 Washer
4 Thrust Bearing 44 Capscrew
5 Adapter 45 Grease Fitting
6 Bushing 46 Nut
7 Thrust Washer 47 Cotter Pin
8 Oil Seal 48 Tie Rod End
9 Shaft or Yoke — Carrier Side 49 Capscrew
10 Cross or U-Joint 50 Nut
11 Shaft or Yoke — Wheel Side 51 Clamp
12 Washer 52 Cross Tube
13 Capscrew 53 Turnbuckle Clamp
14 Stop Screw 54 Brake Assembly
15 Stop Screw Jam Nut 55 Mounting Bracket
16 Nut 56 Washer
17 Cotter Pin 57 Capscrew
18 Upper Adapter 58 Sleeve
19 Washer 59 Oil Seal
20 Capscrew — Long 60 Inner Bearing Cone
21 Grease Fitting 61 Inner Bearing Cup
22 Washer 62 Hub
23 Capscrew — Short 63 Wheel Stud
24 Cotter Pin 64 Outer Bearing Cup
25 Nut 65 Outer Bearing Cone
26 Steering Arm 66 Nut
27 Key 67 Lock Washer
28 Steering Arm Ball 68 Nut
29 Shims 69 Brake Drum
30 Knuckle 70 Not Shown
31 Capscrew 71 Nut
32 Washer 72 Retainer
33 Upper Cap 73 Felt
34 Capscrew 74 Flange
35 Washer 75 Washer
36 Dust Shield Assembly 76 Capscrew
37 Dust Shield Assembly 77 Flange Cap
38 Oil Seal 78 Washer
39 Sleeve 79 Capscrew
40 Washer 80 Grease Fitting
6 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
1 Exploded Views
Wedge Brake
Figure 1.4
13
1 10 14 15
2 8
5 3
4
11
6 16 17
9
18
19 12
20
21
4000717a
Item Description Item Description
1 Adjusting Bolt 12 Backing Plate
2 Adjusting Plunger Assembly Seal 13 Anchor Pin Nut
3 Actuator 14 Plunger Housing Mounting Washer
4 Adjusting Plunger 15 Plunger Housing Mounting Capscrew
5 Pawl Assembly 16 Wedge Assembly
6 Plunger Housing 17 Collet Nut
7 Anchor Plunger 18 Air Chamber
8 Anchor Pin 19 Brake Shoe and Lining Assembly
9 Anchor Pin Snap Ring 20 Shoe Return Spring
10 Adjusting and Inspection Hole Plug 21 Shoe Anti-Rattle Rod Assembly
11 Anchor Pin Washer
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 7
1 Exploded Views
Q Series Brake
Figure 1.5
PART NUMBER LOCATION
PART NUMBER
LOCATION
PART NUMBER
LOCATION
4000718a
Item Description Item Description
1 Camshaft 14 Camshaft Lock Ring
2 Cam Head Washer 15 Automatic Slack Adjuster
3 Camshaft Seal 16 Brake Shoe Roller
4 Camshaft Bushing 17 Brake Shoe Return Spring Pin
5 Brake Shoe Anchor Pin 18 Shoe Roller Retainer
6 Anchor Pin Bushing 19 Brake Shoe Return Spring
7 Brake Shoe Retaining Spring 20 Brake Spider
8 Brake Shoe and Lining Assembly 21 Chamber Bracket Seal
9 Flat Washer 22 Camshaft and Chamber Bracket
10 Capscrew
11 Grease Fitting
12 Spacing Outer Washer
13 Spacing Inner Washer
8 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
2 Introduction
Description
2 Introduction
Meritor produces a complete line of heavy-duty front drive steer
axles with single axle capacities of 7,500-23,000 lbs
(3400-10 432 kg). Figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1
TYPICAL SINGLE-REDUCTION HEAVY-DUTY
FRONT DRIVE STEER AXLE
4000719a
Figure 2.1
Some axle models are available with the following features. Basic Axle Models Covered in This Manual
앫 Single- or double-reduction carriers Current Models Prior Models
앫 Right-hand or left-hand gearing RF-16-145 FDS-1600 FDS-2102
앫 Wedge or cam brakes RF-21-155 FDS-1805 FDS-2107
RF-21-156 FDS-1807 FDS-2110
앫 Standard or wide tracks
RF-21-160 FDS-1808 FDS-2111
앫 Driver-controlled main differential lock for increased traction
RF-21-355 FDS-2100 FDS-2117
NOTE: Since 1994, the Q Series and Q Plus™ brakes have RF-22-166 FDS-2101
replaced the wedge brake on the RF-21 and RF-23 Series.
RF-23-180
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 9
2 Introduction
Identification Prior Axle Model Designations
Meritor makes a complete line of FDS Series front drive axles with
Prior Axle Models single axle capacities of 7,500-23,000 lbs (3400-10 500 kg).
Meritor heavy-duty front drive steer axle models manufactured
FDS Series front drive axle model designations show the capacity,
before 1989 were identified as shown in the following example. An
carrier model and design modifications of each model. The letters
18,000 lb (8165 kg) front drive steer axle with a double-reduction
and numbers of the model designation correspond with information
255 carrier model was identified as:
listed in Table A.
Figure 2.2
FDS-1805-SAX-60 10.59
Carrier Ratio
Customer Specification
Number
Brake Type
Basic Capacity
Front Drive Steer Axle
4002692a
Figure 2.2
Table A: Model Information
Axle Model Capacity1 lbs (kg) Carrier Model Design Modification
FDS-75 7,500 (3400) F-106 Standard
FDS-78 7,500 (3400) F-106 Heavy-duty wheel ends
FDS-85 9,000 (4082) H-140 Special carrier
FDS-90 9,000 (4082) F-106 Standard
FDS-93 9,000 (4082) F-106 Special track and offset bowl
FDS-1600 16,000 (7257) H-140 Right-hand or left-hand gearing
FDS-1805 18,000-21,000 (8165-9525) R-255 Double-reduction
FDS-1807 18,000-21,000 (8165-9525) R-155 Single-reduction
FDS-1808 18,000-21,000 (8165-9525) R-155 Right-hand gearing
FDS-2100 21,000 (9525) R-155 Right-hand gearing
FDS-2101 21,000 (9525) R-155 Left-hand gearing
FDS-2102 21,000-23,000 (9525-10 433) R-255 Double-reduction
FDS-2107 23,000 (10 433) R-170 Single-reduction
FDS-2110 21,000 (9525) R-155 Wide track, right-hand gearing
FDS-2111 21,000 (9525) R-155 Wide track, left-hand gearing
FDS-2112 21,000 (9525) R-255 Wide track, double-reduction
FDS-2117 23,000 (10 433) R-170 Wide track, single-reduction
1
Capacities vary with application and service. All applications must be approved by the Meritor Engineering Department.
10 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
2 Introduction
Current Axle Models
Current heavy-duty front drive steer axle models are identified by a
letter and number system. The letters and numbers give important
information about the specific axle model.
The first seven positions of the designations identify a basic axle
model. The second group of letters and numbers identify particular
specifications.
As an example, a 16,000 lb (7258 kg) front drive steer axle with a
single-reduction 145 model carrier is identified in Figure 2.3.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 11
2 Introduction
Figure 2.3
Manufacturing Location
B — Brazil
E — Europe (CVC) Main Differential Nest Type
M — Europe (Maudslay) B — Special Differential
N — U.S.A. C — Driver -Controlled
Differential Lock
F — Standard Differential
H — High Traction Differential
N — NoSpin® Differential
Nominal Axle Load Rating (GA WR)
Brake Type
in Thousands of Pounds
B — Hydraulic Disc Brake
D — RDA Wedge Brake (Dual Air
Gearing Type Chambers)
1 — Single Speed E — RDH Wedge Brake (Dual Hydraulic
3 — Helical Double-Reduction Cylinders)
5 — Planetary Double-Reduction F — RSH Wedge Brake (Single Hydraulic
6 — Hub Reduction Cylinder)
H — Hydraulic Drum Brake
L — Q PlusTM Cam Brake
Meritor
N — None
(Rockwell)
Q — Q Series Cam Brake
S — Wedge Brake (Single Air Chamber)
RF 16 1 4 5 N F Q F* 123 614 Carrier Ratio
Axle Specification Number
Identifies specific customer configuration,
Fr ont Drive
(variations from the original base axle
Steer Axle
design). Refer to the Bill of Materials for
specification details.
Axle Design Variation Hub Type
Indicates axle design level or A — Aluminum
variation, (e.g. RF-21-156 C — Cast Spoke Wheel
indicates same base carrier as F — Ferrous
RF-21-155 except 156 is right-hand N — None
geared and 155 is left-hand *NOTE: This position will be used to
geared). Refer to Bill of Materials designate hub only until more than three
for details. digits are required to designate axle
specification.
NOTE: If a complete axle designation is not
required, use the first seven positions of the
Carrier Type model designation to identify the basic axle
Carrier size. Larger numbers model.
indicate a higher GCW rated
carrier, i.e. larger ring gear, EXAMPLES OF BASIC AXLE MODELS:
etc.
RF-23-180: Front Drive, 23,000 lb. (10,500 kg)
GAWR, Single Speed, 19.62 inch
(498 mm) Ring Gear, 180 Carrier
Model.
RF-21-355: Front Drive, 21,000 lb. (9,526 kg)
GAWR, Helical Double-Reduction,
11 inch (279 mm) Ring Gear, 355
Carrier Model (Formerly R-255).
4000716a
Figure 2.3
12 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
3 Inspection
Hazard Alert Messages
3 Inspection
Figure 3.1
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent BALL / STUD
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
WARNING
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
Inspection
Tie Rod End Wear
You may not be able to detect loose or worn tie rod ends during NATURAL PIVOT WEAR
operation. Under normal operating conditions, wear occurs over
time. The preload bearings inside each tie rod end provide less
resistance, which can affect steering control, front tire wear and
other axle components.
BALL / STUD
Regularly-scheduled inspection and maintenance helps to minimize
the effects of tie rod end wear on the vehicle. Refer to Table B for
inspection intervals. Figure 3.1.
NATURAL
BEARING
WEAR
BALL / STUD
SOLID STEEL
BEARING SURFACE 4002923a
Figure 3.1
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 13
3 Inspection
Does Tie Rod End Wear Affect the Steering Linkage?
Unless tie rod end wear becomes excessive, a safe steering linkage
is maintained. However, tie rod end wear can affect uniform steering
control and, ultimately, wear to the front tires.
Can the Driver Detect Tie Rod End Wear During Vehicle
Operation?
A driver may not always detect a loose tie rod end condition during
vehicle travel conditions. This is why it is important to inspect tie rod
ends for wear and allowable movement at regular intervals. Refer to
Table B for inspection intervals.
Table B: Tie Rod End Service Intervals
Group Inspection
Number Typical Vocations Vehicle Build Interval Lube Interval 1, 2 Typical Operation Conditions
1 On highway or After July 1, 1996 Each oil change 100,000 miles High mileage operation, more
Light turnpike, linehaul Before July 1, 1996, or maximum (161 000 km) than 50,000 miles per year
only see category 3 50,000 miles (80 500 km per year)
(80 500 km) 95% on-highway or turnpike
surface
2 Fire and rescue, city After July 1, 1996 20,000 miles 40,000 miles Lower mileage operation, less
Medium delivery, inner city Before July 1, 1996, (32 200 km) (64 400 km) than 50,000 miles per year
coach, heavy haul, use category 3 (80 500 km per year)
school bus, motor
home, transit coach
3 Logging, oil field, ALL 10,000 miles 10,000 miles Low mileage operation, less
Harsh construction, heavy (16 100 km) (16 100 km) than 25,000 miles per year
haul, highway- (40 250 km per year)
licensed yard tractor, Heavy-duty service with
residential refuse substantial off-road operation
4 Mining, 5,000 miles 5,000 miles Heavy-duty service
Severe on-highway-licensed 100 hours 100 hours
yard tractor, land fill
refuse
5 Mining, logging, 48 hours 48 hours Severe duty 80-100%
Very construction off-highway
Severe
1
If power washers are used during vehicle cleaning operations, lubrication intervals need to be adjusted. Frequent power-washed vehicles will require more
frequent lubrication.
2
Tie rod ends with an anti-tilt style seal require lubrication intervals every 10,000 miles (16 100 km).
14 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
3 Inspection
Tie Rod Assembly for Movement 4. Check the tie rod boot for cracks, tears or other damage. Also
check the boot seals for damage. Replace the entire tie rod end
For roadside inspection, refer to the procedure in this section.
if the boot is damaged or missing. Figure 3.3.
Vehicle Raised and Supported with Safety Stands
Figure 3.3
To perform this inspection, the entire system must be unloaded.
The front end of the vehicle must be raised and supported with
Cracked or torn boot
stands. requires entire tie rod
end replacement.
NOTE: Do not grease the tie rod assembly before you perform the
inspection.
WARNING
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with 4002924a
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and Figure 3.3
damage to components can result.
WARNING
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface with the wheels STRAIGHT.
Verify that a cotter pin is installed through the tie rod end,
Block the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving. Set the
and the tie rod end nut is tightened to the correct torque
parking brake. Figure 3.2.
specification. Replace a missing cotter pin and tighten a loose
Figure 3.2
tie rod end nut. A missing cotter pin or loose tie rod end nut
can cause loss of steering control. Serious personal injury and
damage to components can result.
5. Check that the tie rod end nut is installed and secured with a
cotter pin.
앫 If the cotter pin is missing: Tighten the tie rod end nut to
the correct specification. Install a new cotter pin. Always
tighten the tie rod end nut to the specified torque when
setting the cotter pin. Refer to Section 10. Do not back-off
the nut to insert the cotter pin. Figure 3.4.
Point wheels straight ahead. 4002927a
Figure 3.2
2. Raise the vehicle so that the front wheels are off the ground.
Support the vehicle with safety stands. Do not use a jack to
support the vehicle.
3. With the engine off, turn the wheels from full left to full right.
Return to the straight-ahead position. This step will require
more force for vehicles with the power steering off.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 15
3 Inspection
Figure 3.4 Figure 3.6
ALTERNATE
GREASE
FITTING
LOCATIONS
STEERING
KNUCKLE
4002930a
Missing cotter pin Figure 3.6
indicates unsafe
condition and requires 8. By hand or using a pipe wrench with jaw protectors to avoid
immediate replacement.
gouging the cross tube, rotate the cross tube toward the
4002925a
FRONT of the vehicle and then toward the REAR. After rotating,
Figure 3.4
center the cross tube between the stop positions.
6. Check that the tie rod end is threaded correctly into the cross 앫 If the cross tube will not rotate in either direction:
tube and installed deeper than the end of the cross tube slot. Replace both tie rod ends.
The tie rod end must be visible the entire length of the cross 9. Position yourself directly below the ball stud socket. Using both
tube slot. Figure 3.5. hands, grasp the assembly end as close to the socket as
possible, no more than 6-inches (152.4 mm) from the end.
Figure 3.5
Tie rod end engaged deeper than CAUTION
the end of the cross tube slot.
Only use your hands to check for movement or looseness of
the tie rod assembly. Do not use a crow bar, pickle fork or
two-by-four. Do not apply pressure or force to the tie rod
assembly ends or joints. Do not rock the tires with the vehicle
on the ground or with the wheels raised. Damage to
components can result.
TIE ROD CROSS 10. Apply hand pressure of approximately 100 pounds (45 kg) in a
TUBE SLOT END Tie rod threads must
be visible the entire vertical PUSH-and-PULL motion several times. Check for any
length of the cross movement or looseness at both tie rod ends. Figure 3.7.
tube slot.
4002926a 앫 If there is any movement in the tie rod assembly:
Replace both tie rod ends.
Figure 3.5
7. Check that the grease fittings are installed. Replace a damaged
grease fitting.
앫 If the tie rod ends are non-greaseable: Do not install a
grease fitting. Figure 3.6.
16 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
3 Inspection
Figure 3.7
Federal Out of Service Roadside Inspection
Criteria (Department of Transportation)
The following cross tube and tie rod end components may be
checked during roadside inspections. Deficiencies may result in the
vehicle being placed out-of-service by authorized personnel.
1. Loose clamps or clamp bolts on the tie rods.
Push.
2. Any looseness in the threaded tie rod end and cross tube joint.
3. Loose or missing nuts on the tie rods or cross tube.
Pull. 4. Any movement under the steering load of a tie rod arm ball
stud nut.
Check movement by hand.
4002928a 5. Any motion, other than rotational, between any linkage
Figure 3.7 member and its attachment point of more than 0.125-inch
(3 mm), when measured with hand pressure.
CAUTION 6. Any obvious welded repairs.
Replace bent or damaged cross tubes with original equipment Replacement Criteria
parts of the same length, diameter and threads. Do not
attempt to straighten a bent cross tube. Damage to Any detectable movement of 0.125-inch (3 mm) or more requires
components can result. that the vehicle is immediately taken out of service for replacement
of the tie rod ends.
11. Inspect the cross tube and clamps for damage. Figure 3.8. When the roadside check indicates tie rod end movement of less than
앫 If the cross tube is bent or cracked: Replace it. Use 0.125-inch (3 mm), the vehicle does not need to be immediately
original equipment parts of the same length, diameter and removed from a service run. It is advisable to schedule a major
threads. out-of-service inspection and maintenance as soon as possible.
앫 If the clamps are damaged: Replace them. Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance (CVSA) Criteria
앫 If either clamp has become welded to the cross tube: The following are reprinted with permission from the CVSA
Replace the entire cross tube assembly. Use original operations manual.
equipment parts of the same length, diameter and threads.
When any of these values are met or exceeded, vehicle shall be
Figure 3.8
placed out-of-service.
CROSS g. Ball and Socket Joints:
TUBE
CLAMP (1) Any movement under steering load of a stud nut. [396.3(a)(1)]
(2) Any motion, other than rotational, between any linkage member
and its attachment point of more than 1/8 inch (3mm) measured
with hand pressure only. [396.3(a)(1)]
(3) Any obvious welded repair(s). [396.3(a)(1)]
h. Tie Rods and Drag Links:
(1) Loose clamp(s) or clamp bolt(s) on tie rods or drag links.
[396.3(a)(1)]
CRACK
DAMAGE 4002929a (2) Any looseness in any threaded joint. [396.3(a)(1)]
Figure 3.8 i. Nuts:
Loose or missing on tie rods, pitman arm, drag link, steering arm, or
tie rod arm. [393.209(d)]
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 17
4 Wedge Brake Removal and Disassembly
Hazard Alert Messages Removal
4 Wedge Brake Removal and Disassembly
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent Wheels, Drums and Hubs from the Axle
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
WARNING
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
WARNING
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
damage to components can result.
Use a brass or leather mallet for assembly and disassembly
procedures. Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces
You must manually adjust the brake after you perform
of a part can break off and cause serious personal injury.
maintenance or service. Do not depend on the automatic
adjusters to remove the excessive clearance created when you
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press
back off the brake during service. The automatic adjusters are
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious
designed to compensate for normal lining wear. Damage to
personal injury.
components and serious personal injury can occur.
Disassembly 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
the vehicle from moving.
Front Drive Steer Axle Wheel Ends Equipped
with Wedge Brakes 2. Use a jack to raise the vehicle so that the wheels to be serviced
are off the ground. Support the vehicle with safety stands.
NOTE: When servicing drive shafts only, you may remove the
3. Remove the dust shield.
steering knuckle as an assembly. To remove the steering knuckle as
an assembly: 4. Retract the brake linings so that the drums will clear the
linings. Refer to Maintenance Manual 4R, Wedge Brakes. To
앫 Refer to the steering knuckle removal procedure in this section.
obtain this publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the
앫 After you remove the steering knuckle, proceed to the procedure front inside cover of this manual.
in this section to service the drive shafts.
A. Remove the plugs from the adjustment and inspection
slots on the dust shield.
B. Rotate the drum to verify that the brake is completely
released.
NOTE: Meritor KIT 1184 includes an adjusting spoon plus
a seal driver and a brake spring tool. To obtain the kit and
individual tools, refer to the Service Notes page on the
front inside cover of this manual.
C. While you rotate the drum, use an adjusting spoon to turn
the adjusting bolt until the linings drag heavily on the
drum.
D. Repeat the previous step for the other adjuster on the
brake.
18 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
4 Wedge Brake Removal and Disassembly
5. Pull the hub, drum and wheel assembly straight off the spindle. Figure 4.2
If necessary, hit the inside of the wheel with a mallet to loosen
it. Be careful that the outer bearing cone does not fall when the
hub is removed. It is not necessary to remove the rim and tire
at this time.
앫 If the steering axle universal joint is to be removed
from the housing: Remove the oil drain plug and drain the
lubricant from the axle.
CAUTION
To loosen the drive flange from the hub, hit the flange with a 4000721a
soft mallet. Do not pry off the parts with a sharp tool. Damage
to the mounting surfaces can occur. Figure 4.2
6. Remove the drive flange from the wheel hub. The hubcap does 9. Remove the outer adjusting nut, lock ring and the inner
not need to be removed from the drive flange unless it is adjusting nut from the spindle. Use the correct size wrench
damaged. Figure 4.1. socket to remove the adjusting nut. Figure 4.3.
NOTE: The felt seal and retainer are only included with the
greaseable drive flange design. Figure 4.3
7. If necessary, remove the felt seal and retainer from the drive
flange. Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1
4000722a
Figure 4.3
FELT
SEAL
RETAINER
4000720a
Figure 4.1
8. If necessary, remove the hubcap. Use a puller to remove the
drive flange. Figure 4.2.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 19
4 Wedge Brake Removal and Disassembly
Disassembly Removal
Bearing Cups and Oil Seal from the Hub Steering Knuckle from the Housing
1. Remove the wheel, rim and tire, from the hub if not previously Meritor front drive steer axles have four different knuckle designs.
removed. Figure 4.5.
2. To remove the drum from the hub, remove the flat head 앫 Full Bearing King Pin
capscrews, if used, from the drum.
앫 Upper Bushing, Lower Bearing King Pin
3. If necessary, place the hub in a press to remove the wheel
앫 Full Bushing King Pin
studs from the hub. Support the hub flange and press the
studs through the hub. 앫 Full Bushing and Thrust Bearing King Pin
앫 If a press is not available: Use a brass hammer or drift.
4. If necessary, use a long screwdriver to remove the oil seal from
the hub. Discard the oil seal. Figure 4.4.
Figure 4.4
4000723a
Figure 4.4
5. Remove the inner bearing cone from the hub.
6. Use a press and sleeve or a bearing puller to remove the inner
and outer bearing cups from the hub.
7. Remove the oil seal sleeve from the spindle.
20 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
4 Wedge Brake Removal and Disassembly
Figure 4.5
CAPSCREW CAPSCREW CAPSCREW CAPSCREW
WASHER WASHER WASHER WASHER
UPPER CAP UPPER CAP UPPER CAP UPPER CAP
OR STEERING ARM OR STEERING ARM OR STEERING ARM OR STEERING ARM
SHIMS SHIMS SHIMS SHIMS
*OIL SEAL *OIL SEAL OIL SEAL OIL SEAL
BRG. CONE ADAPTER ADAPTER *BUSHING
*BRG. CUP *BUSHING *BUSHING
*SOCKET PLUG *SOCKET PLUG *SOCKET PLUG *SOCKET PLUG
STEERING STEERING STEERING STEERING
KNUCKLE KNUCKLE KNUCKLE KNUCKLE
*SOCKET *SOCKET *SOCKET *SOCKET
*BRG. CUP *BRG. CUP *BRG. CUP *BUSHING
*BRG. CONE *BRG. CONE
*BRG. CONE
*THRUST WASHER
*OIL SEAL *OIL SEAL *THRUST
*OIL SEAL BEARING
LOWER CAP LOWER CAP LOWER CAP
WASHER LOWER CAP
WASHER WASHER WASHER
CAPSCREW CAPSCREW CAPSCREW
CAPSCREW
FULL BEARING KING UPPER BUSHING, FULL BUSHING FULL BUSHING AND
PIN DESIGN LOWER BEARING KING PIN DESIGN THRUST BEARING KING
KING PIN DESIGN PIN DESIGN, PRESENT
DESIGN STANDARD
*INSTALLED IN HOUSING SOCKET
4000724a
Figure 4.5
Figure 4.6
On axles above 16,000 lb (7258 kg) GAWR, the steering knuckle
COTTER PIN
must be disassembled before the steering universal joint can be AND NUT
removed. On 16,000 lb (7258 kg) axles with the 850 joint, KNUCKLE ARM
FDS-1600, the knuckle does not have to be disassembled.
On all models, the steering arm and cross tube assemblies can be
serviced without removing the steering knuckle from the housing.
1. Remove the steering arm ball cotter pin and nut to disconnect
the steering linkage from the steering arm. It is not necessary TIE ROD
to remove the steering arm from the adapter cap and knuckle END ASSEMBLY
GREASE
at this time. FITTING 4000725a
2. Remove the tie rod cotter pin and nut to disassemble the tie Figure 4.6
rod from the knuckle arm. Figure 4.6.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 21
4 Wedge Brake Removal and Disassembly
3. Push the ball stud for the cross tube end through the knuckle A. Full Bushing King Pin Design: Inspect the bushing
arm. If necessary, use a hard mallet to hit the arm to loosen the journal and oil seal on the upper knuckle cap for wear and
taper lock. damage. Replace all parts that are worn or damaged at
reassembly.
NOTE: It is not necessary to disassemble both cross tube ends
B. Disassemble the lower knuckle cap. Inspect the bushing
unless both knuckle assemblies are being serviced at the same
journal and oil seal for wear and damage. Replace all
time.
parts that are worn or damaged at reassembly.
4. Remove the four capscrews from the upper knuckle cap. C. Remove the thrust washer and retaining pin, if necessary,
from the lower socket. Inspect the thrust washer and pin
5. Lift the upper knuckle cap assembly from the bore. Keep the
for wear and damage and replace it, if necessary, at
shims together for use at reassembly. Figure 4.7.
reassembly.
Figure 4.7 D. Proceed to Step 7.
A. Full Bushing/Thrust Bearing King Pin Design: Inspect
the bushing journal and oil seal on the upper knuckle cap
for wear and damage. Replace all parts that are worn or
damaged at reassembly.
B. Disassemble the lower knuckle cap. Inspect the thrust
bearing and the bushing journal on the lower knuckle cap
for wear and damage. Replace all parts that are worn or
4000726a
damaged at reassembly.
Figure 4.7 C. Proceed to Step 7.
7. After both the upper and lower knuckle cap assemblies are
6. Follow the appropriate procedure below to disassemble the removed, pull the steering knuckle from the housing. Leave the
upper and lower knuckle caps. universal joint in the housing.
A. Full Bearing King Pin Design: Inspect the oil seal and 8. Depending on which design of knuckle you are working on, the
bearing cone on the upper knuckle cap for wear and bushings or bearing cups will remain in the sockets of the
damage. Replace all parts that are worn or damaged. housing. Inspect the upper and lower bushings or bearing cups
B. Disassemble the lower knuckle cap. Keep the shims while they are still in the sockets for wear or damage.
together for use at reassembly. Inspect the oil seal and Figure 4.8.
bearing cone for wear and damage. Replace all parts that
are worn or damaged. Figure 4.8
C. Proceed to Step 7.
BUSHING OR
A. Upper Bushing, Lower Bearing King Pin Design: BEARING CUP
Inspect the adapter and oil seal on the upper knuckle cap
for wear and damage. Replace all parts that are worn or
damaged. SOCKET PLUG
B. Disassemble the lower knuckle cap. Inspect the oil seal
and bearing cone for wear and damage. Replace all parts
BUSHING OR
that are worn or damaged. BEARING CUP
4000727a
C. Proceed to Step 7.
Figure 4.8
22 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
4 Wedge Brake Removal and Disassembly
9. If necessary, remove the bushings or bearing cups and the Figure 4.9
socket plugs from the upper and lower sockets in the housing.
Disassembly
Wedge Brake and Spindle from the Steering
Knuckle
ASBESTOS AND NON-ASBESTOS FIBERS
WARNING
Some brake linings contain asbestos fibers, a cancer and lung 4000728a
disease hazard. Some brake linings contain non-asbestos
Figure 4.9
fibers, whose long-term effects to health are unknown. You
must use caution when you handle both asbestos and
NOTE: The felt seal and retainer are not included with the
non-asbestos materials.
greaseable drive flange design.
WARNING 6. The felt seal and retainer, if used, and the sleeve and thrust
Before you service a spring chamber, carefully follow the washer will remain inside the spindle. If necessary,
manufacturer’s instructions to compress and lock the spring to disassemble these pieces with a screwdriver.
completely release the brake. Verify that no air pressure
remains in the service chamber before you proceed. Sudden Removal
release of compressed air can cause serious personal injury
and damage to components. Bearings and Bushings from the Housing Socket
1. Drain the air tank. Full Bushing, Thrust Bearing and Full Bushing King Pin Designs
2. Disconnect the air lines at the brake assembly. 1. Grind off the four tack welds that hold the socket plugs to the
housing. Grind the tack welds carefully so that the bore is not
3. Remove the air brake chambers. Refer to Maintenance damaged.
Manual 4R, Wedge Brakes. To obtain this publication, refer to
the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual. 2. Use a drift that fits inside the bushing to remove the plug. Drive
it toward the center of the socket. Figure 4.10.
NOTE: Oil deflector not included with greaseable drive flange
design. Figure 4.10
4. To disassemble the oil deflector and wedge brake assembly
from the spindle and steering knuckle, remove the attaching
capscrews. Some wedge brake models require that the shoe
return springs and brake shoes be removed before the
capscrews can be reached. Refer to Maintenance Manual 4R,
Wedge Brakes. To obtain this publication, refer to the Service
Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
5. Pull the spindle straight from the knuckle and drive shaft.
Figure 4.9. 4000729a
Figure 4.10
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 23
4 Wedge Brake Removal and Disassembly
3. Use a sleeve that is slightly smaller than the socket bore to drive 3. If necessary, the thrust washer can be removed by tack
the bushing toward the outside of the socket. Figure 4.11. welding a bar to its outer surface.
Figure 4.11
NOTE: Some axles have the inner drive shaft bushing installed
in the bushing adapter. Do not remove the adapter from the
housing. Figure 4.13.
4. If required, remove the inner drive shaft oil seal, thrust washer
and bushing from the axle housing. Figure 4.13.
Figure 4.13
OIL
SEAL
4000730a
THRUST
Figure 4.11 WASHER
4. Clean all grease and dirt from the bores before reassembly.
Upper Bushing, Lower Bearing and Full Bearing King Pin
Designs BUSHING
ADAPTER 4000732a
1. Place a sleeve with approximately the same diameter as the
inside bore of the socket against the plugs. There are no tack Figure 4.13
welds to remove.
2. Use a bottle jack to drive the plugs and bushings or bearing
Disassembly
cups toward the outside of the socket. Figure 4.11.
Steering Universal Joint
Steering Universal Joint from the Housing NOTE: Do not disassemble Permalube™ joints. Disassembly will
1. Pull the universal joint and drive shaft assembly straight from void the Meritor warranty.
the carrier housing. Figure 4.12.
Meritor front drive steer axles with wedge brakes have two different
Figure 4.12
universal joint designs:
앫 Wing Bearing Yokes. Figure 4.14.
앫 Round Bearing Yokes. Figure 4.15.
OIL
SEAL Figure 4.14
4000731a
Figure 4.12
4000733a
2. Remove the oil seal from the outer drive shaft. Discard the Figure 4.14
seal. Figure 4.12.
24 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
4 Wedge Brake Removal and Disassembly
Figure 4.15 3. Repeat the previous step on the other sides of the yoke.
4. Use a press, bridge and bearing cup bushing receiver as
shown in Figure 4.18. The bridge and bearing cup bushing
receiver are detailed in Figure 4.19.
Figure 4.18
4000734a
Figure 4.15 PRESS
Wing Bearing Yokes BRIDGE
1. Remove the four cross assembly capscrews from each yoke.
BEARING CUP
2. Do not disassemble the cross assembly. If the cross assembly BUSHING
RECEIVER
needs service, replace it with a new assembly.
Round Bearing Yokes
4000738a
1. Use snap ring pliers to remove the snap rings. Figure 4.16.
Figure 4.18
Figure 4.16
Figure 4.19
0.12 x 45°
CHAMFER
CHAMFER
1/16 x 45°
BEARING CUP
2.00" BUSHING RECEIVER
4000735a 2.25" 6.00"
DIAMETER
Figure 4.16
2. If necessary, use a brass drift and lightly tap the center of the 2.00" 0.75" 6.00"
bushing to assist in snap ring removal. Figure 4.17. TYP. TYP.
2.00"
TYP. 90°
BRIDGE
Figure 4.17
4.00"
4000737a
Figure 4.19
5. Press DOWN until the first round bushing is loose. Figure 4.18.
4000736a
Figure 4.17
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 25
4 Wedge Brake Removal and Disassembly
6. Remove the round bushing. Figure 4.20.
Figure 4.20
4000739a
Figure 4.20
7. Turn over the universal joint. Repeat the procedure for the
opposite side of the universal joint. Figure 4.21.
Figure 4.21
4000740a
Figure 4.21
26 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
5 Cam Brake Removal and Disassembly
Hazard Alert Messages 4. Remove the automatic slack adjuster. Refer to Maintenance
5 Cam Brake Removal and Disassembly
Manual 4B, Automatic Slack Adjusters. To obtain this
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the front inside
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
cover of this manual.
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
5. If the steering universal joint is to be removed from the
WARNING housing, remove the oil drain plug and drain the lubricant from
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection the axle.
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
NOTE: It is not necessary to remove the rim and tire at
Use a brass or leather mallet for assembly and disassembly this time.
procedures. Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces
of a part can break off and cause serious personal injury. 6. Remove the capscrews and washers that connect the drive
flange to the wheel hub. The hubcap does not need to be
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press removed from the drive flange unless it is damaged.
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious Figure 5.1.
personal injury.
Figure 5.1
Disassembly
Front Drive Steer Axle Wheel Ends Equipped
with Cam Brakes
NOTE: When servicing drive shafts only, you may remove the
steering knuckle as an assembly. To remove the steering knuckle as
FELT
an assembly: SEAL
앫 Refer to the steering knuckle removal procedure in this section.
RETAINER
앫 After you remove the steering knuckle, refer to the procedure in
this section to service the drive shafts. 4000720a
Figure 5.1
Removal
Wheels, Drums and Hubs from the Axle CAUTION
To loosen the drive flange from the hub, hit the flange with a
WARNING soft mallet. Do not pry off the parts with a sharp tool. Damage
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to to the mounting surfaces can occur.
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by 7. If necessary, remove the hubcap. Use a puller to remove the
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and drive flange. Figure 5.2.
damage to components can result.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to keep
the vehicle from moving.
2. Use a jack to raise the vehicle so that the wheels to be serviced
are off the ground. Support the vehicle with safety stands.
3. Retract the brake linings so that the drums will clear the
linings.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 27
5 Cam Brake Removal and Disassembly
Figure 5.2
2. If it is necessary to remove the wheel studs from the hub, place
the hub in a press. Support the hub flange and press the studs
through the hub.
앫 If a press is not available: Use a brass hammer or drift.
3. If necessary, use a long screwdriver to remove the oil seal from
the hub. Discard the oil seal. Figure 5.4.
Figure 5.4
4000721a
Figure 5.2
8. If necessary, remove the felt seal and retainer from the drive
flange.
9. Remove the outer adjusting nut, lock washer and inner
adjusting nut from the spindle. Use the correct size wrench
socket to remove the adjusting nut. Refer to Table G.
Figure 5.3. 4000723a
Figure 5.3
Figure 5.4
4. If necessary, on units equipped for ABS, use a suitable puller to
remove the ABS tooth wheel from the hub.
5. Remove the inner bearing cone from the hub.
6. Use a press and sleeve or a bearing puller to remove the inner
and outer bearing cups from the hub.
7. Tap and stretch the oil sleeve to remove it from the spindle. Do
not reuse the sleeve.
4000722a
Figure 5.3
Removal
10. Remove the hub, drum and wheel assembly, if still mounted,
Steering Knuckle from the Housing
straight off the spindle. If necessary, hit the inside of the wheel The steering knuckle must be disassembled before the steering
with a mallet to loosen it. Prevent the outer bearing cone from universal joint can be removed.
falling when you remove the hub. The steering arm and cross tube assemblies can be serviced
without removing the steering knuckle from the housing.
Disassembly
1. Remove the steering arm ball cotter pin and nut to disconnect
Bearing Cups and Oil Seal from the Hub the steering linkage from the steering arm.
1. Remove the wheel, rim and tire, from the hub if not previously 2. Remove the cross tube, tie rod, cotter pin and nut to
removed. disassemble the cross tube from the knuckle arm. Figure 5.5.
28 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
5 Cam Brake Removal and Disassembly
Figure 5.5 Figure 5.7
CROSS TUBE END ASSSEMBLY
COTTER PIN
AND NUT
KNUCKLE ARM
4000741a 4000743a
Figure 5.5 Figure 5.7
3. Push the stud for the cross tube end through the knuckle arm. 8. Disassemble the lower knuckle cap. Inspect the thrust bearing
If necessary, use a soft mallet to drive the stud through the for wear and damage. Replace a worn or damaged thrust
knuckle arm. bearing at reassembly. Figure 5.8.
4. On units equipped for ABS, remove the grommet for the ABS
cable and the ABS sensor from the knuckle. Figure 5.8
NOTE: It is not necessary to disassemble both cross tube ends THRUST
unless both knuckle assemblies are being serviced at the same BEARING
time.
5. Remove the six capscrews from the upper knuckle cap or
steering arm.
6. Lift the upper knuckle cap or steering arm from the bore. Keep
the shims together for use at reassembly. Figure 5.6.
4000744a
Figure 5.6
Figure 5.8
9. After both the upper and lower knuckle cap and steering arm
assemblies are removed, pull the steering knuckle from the
housing.
10. The bushings will remain in the sockets of the housing. Inspect
the upper and lower bushings while they are still in the sockets
for wear and damage.
11. Pull the universal joint and drive shaft assembly straight from
4000742a the carrier housing. Figure 5.9.
Figure 5.6
7. Inspect the steering arm oil seal on the upper knuckle cap for
wear and damage. Replace a worn or damaged oil seal at
reassembly. Figure 5.7.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 29
5 Cam Brake Removal and Disassembly
Figure 5.9
Disassembly
Steering Universal Joint
OIL NOTE: Do not disassemble Permalube™ joints. Disassembly will
SEAL
void the Meritor warranty.
Meritor front drive steer axles with cam brakes have two different
universal joint designs:
앫 Wing Bearing Yokes. Figure 5.11.
4000731a 앫 Round Bearing Yokes. Figure 5.12.
Figure 5.9
Figure 5.11
12. Remove the oil seal from the outer drive shaft. Discard the
seal. Figure 5.9.
13. If required, remove the inner drive shaft oil seal, thrust washer
and bushing from the axle housing.
14. If necessary, remove the bushings and the socket plugs from
the upper and lower sockets in the housing.
15. Grind off the four tack welds, if used, that hold the socket plugs 4000733a
to the housing. Grind the tack welds carefully so that the bore
Figure 5.11
is not damaged. Some housings use a pressed-in socket plug.
16. Use a sleeve that is slightly smaller than the socket bore to Figure 5.12
drive the socket plug and bushing toward the outside of the
socket using. Figure 5.10.
Figure 5.10
4000734a
Figure 5.12
Wing Bearing Yokes
1. Remove the four cross assembly capscrews from each yoke.
4000730a
2. Do not disassemble the cross assembly. If the cross assembly
needs service, replace it with a new assembly.
Figure 5.10
17. Clean all grease and dirt from the bores before reassembly.
30 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
5 Cam Brake Removal and Disassembly
Round Bearing Yokes Figure 5.15
1. Use snap ring pliers to remove the snap rings. Figure 5.13.
PRESS
Figure 5.13
BRIDGE
BEARING CUP
BUSHING
RECEIVER
4000738a
Figure 5.15
4000735a Figure 5.16
Figure 5.13 0.12 x 45°
CHAMFER
CHAMFER
2. If necessary, use a brass drift and lightly tap the center of the 1/16 x 45°
bushing to assist in snap ring removal. Figure 5.14.
BEARING CUP
2.00" BUSHING RECEIVER
Figure 5.14
2.25" 6.00"
DIAMETER
2.00" 0.75" 6.00"
TYP. TYP.
2.00"
TYP. 90°
BRIDGE
4000736a
4.00"
Figure 5.14
4000737a
3. Repeat the previous step on the other sides of the yoke.
Figure 5.16
4. Use a press, bridge and bearing cup bushing receiver as
shown in Figure 5.15. The bridge and bearing cup bushing 5. Press DOWN until the first round bushing is loose. Figure 5.15.
receiver are detailed in Figure 5.16.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 31
5 Cam Brake Removal and Disassembly
6. Remove the round bushing. Figure 5.17. Cam Brake and Spindle from the Steering
Knuckle
Figure 5.17
ASBESTOS AND NON-ASBESTOS FIBERS
WARNING
Some brake linings contain asbestos fibers, a cancer and lung
disease hazard. Some brake linings contain non-asbestos
fibers, whose long-term effects to health are unknown. You
must use caution when you handle both asbestos and
non-asbestos materials.
NOTE: It is possible to remove the brake as an assembly after
removing the slack adjuster and the brake spider-to-knuckle
attachment screws.
1. Remove the cam brake return springs and brake shoes from
4000739a the brake spiders. Figure 5.19.
Figure 5.17
Figure 5.19
7. Turn over the universal joint. Repeat the procedure for the
opposite side of the universal joint. Figure 5.18.
Figure 5.18
4000745a
Figure 5.19
2. Remove the dust shield from the brake spider. Figure 5.20.
4000740a Figure 5.20
Figure 5.18
4000746a
Figure 5.20
32 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
5 Cam Brake Removal and Disassembly
3. Remove the slack adjuster retaining ring at the adjuster end of 6. Remove the retaining ring from the camshaft at the back of the
the camshaft. Figure 5.21. spider assembly. Figure 5.24.
Figure 5.21 Figure 5.24
4000747a
4000750a
Figure 5.21
Figure 5.24
4. Remove the slack adjuster shims at the adjuster end of the
camshaft. Figure 5.22. 7. Remove the camshaft.
Figure 5.22
WARNING
Before you service a spring chamber, carefully follow the
manufacturer’s instructions to compress and lock the spring to
completely release the brake. Verify that no air pressure
remains in the service chamber before you proceed. Sudden
release of compressed air can cause serious personal injury
and damage to components.
8. Drain the air tank.
9. Disconnect the air lines at the brake chamber.
4000748a
Figure 5.22 10. Remove the air brake chambers and brackets.
11. To disassemble the brake spider and spindle assembly from
5. Remove the pins that engage the push rod yoke and the slack the steering knuckle, remove the attaching capscrews.
adjuster. Remove the slack adjuster from the camshaft.
12. On units equipped for ABS, push the ABS sensor into the
Figure 5.23.
knuckle cavity.
Figure 5.23 13. Pull the spindle straight from the knuckle and drive shaft.
Figure 5.25.
4000749a
Figure 5.23
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 33
5 Cam Brake Removal and Disassembly
Figure 5.25
4000751a
Figure 5.25
14. The seal wiper sleeve and thrust washer will remain inside the
spindle. If necessary, use a screwdriver to disassemble these
parts.
15. On units equipped for ABS, the steel sleeve and sensor clip for
positioning the ABS sensor will remain on the spindle. If
necessary, push out the sensor clip. Use a suitable driver to
remove the sleeve.
16. Remove the screws and the bearing support bushing plate
from the back side of steering knuckle. Figure 5.26.
Figure 5.26
4000752a
Figure 5.26
34 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
6 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Hazard Alert Messages Clean Axle Assemblies
6 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in 앫 A completely assembled axle assembly can be steam cleaned on
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent the outside to remove heavy amounts of dirt.
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both. 앫 Before the axle is steam cleaned, close or put a cover over all
openings in the axle assembly. Examples of openings are
WARNING breathers or vents in air chambers.
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. Dry Cleaned Parts
Solvent cleaners can be flammable, poisonous and cause 앫 Parts must be dried immediately after cleaning and washing.
burns. Examples of solvent cleaners are carbon tetrachloride, 앫 Dry the parts using soft clean paper or cloth rags.
and emulsion-type and petroleum-base cleaners. Read the
앫 Except for bearings, parts can be dried with compressed air.
manufacturer’s instructions before using a solvent cleaner,
Do not dry bearings by spinning with compressed air.
then carefully follow the instructions. Also follow the
procedures below.
NOTE: Bearings can be damaged if dried by rotating with
앫 Wear safe eye protection. compressed air.
앫 Wear clothing that protects your skin.
Prevent Corrosion on Cleaned Parts
앫 Work in a well-ventilated area.
앫 Apply a light oil to cleaned and dried parts that are not damaged
앫 Do not use gasoline, or solvents that contain gasoline. and are to be immediately assembled. Do not apply oil to the
Gasoline can explode. brake linings or the brake drums.
앫 You must use hot solution tanks or alkaline solutions 앫 If parts are to be stored, apply a good corrosion preventative to
correctly. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before all surfaces. Do NOT apply the material to the brake linings or
using hot solution tanks and alkaline solutions. Then the brake drums. Store the parts inside special paper or other
carefully follow the instructions. material that prevents corrosion.
Prepare Parts for Assembly Inspection
Clean Ground and Polished Parts Parts
Use a cleaning solvent to clean ground or polished parts or surfaces. Tapered Roller Bearings
Kerosene or diesel fuel oil can be used for this purpose. DO NOT
USE GASOLINE. Inspect the cup, cone, rollers and cage of all tapered roller bearings
in the assembly. If you find any of the following conditions, replace
앫 Do NOT clean ground or polished parts in a hot solution tank, the bearing. Figure 6.1.
water, steam or alkaline solutions.
앫 The center of the large-diameter end of the rollers is worn level
앫 Use a knife, if required, to remove gasket material from parts. Be or below the outer surface.
careful not to damage the ground or polished surfaces.
앫 The radius at the large-diameter end of the rollers is worn to a
Clean Rough Parts sharp edge.
앫 Rough parts can be cleaned with cleaning solvent or in a hot 앫 You find a roller groove at the small- or large-diameter end of the
solution tank with a weak alkaline solution. cup or cone inner race surfaces.
앫 Parts must remain in hot solution tanks until completely cleaned
and heated.
앫 When removed from the hot solution, wash the parts with water
until the alkaline solution is removed.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 35
6 Prepare Parts for Assembly
앫 You can see deep cracks or breaks in the cup, cone, and inner Figure 6.3
race or roller surfaces. Figure 6.2.
앫 You can see bright wear marks on the outer surface of the roller
cage. Figure 6.3.
앫 The rollers are damaged. Figure 6.4.
앫 The cup and cone inner race surfaces that touch the rollers are
damaged. Figure 6.5.
Figure 6.1
WEAR MARKS
1003019a
WORN RADIUS
Figure 6.3
Figure 6.4
ETCHING AND PITTING
WORN SURFACE 1003020a
1003017a
Figure 6.4
Figure 6.1
Figure 6.5
Figure 6.2
CRACK WEAR GROOVES
SPALLING AND FLAKING
1003021a
1003018a
Figure 6.5
Figure 6.2
36 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
6 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Axle Housing 4. Tighten all grease fittings to the correct torque. Do not
overtighten, which can damage the threads. Refer to
1. Remove dirt from the housing sleeves. Check for cracks, loose
Section 10.
studs and damage to machined surfaces. Repair or replace
damaged parts.
Repair
2. Check the king pin bushing for wear or damage. Replace worn
or damaged parts. Repair or Replace Parts
3. Inspect the needle roller thrust bearing for wear or damage.
Replace worn or damaged parts. WARNING
Replace damaged or out-of-specification axle components.
4. Inspect the knuckle or steering stops for wear or damage. Do not bend, repair or recondition axle components by welding
Replace worn or damaged parts. or heat-treating. A bent axle beam reduces axle strength,
5. Inspect the axle housing knuckle socket bushings for wear. affects vehicle operation and voids Meritor’s warranty. Serious
Replace worn components. personal injury and damage to components can result.
Axle Shafts Replace worn or damaged parts of an axle assembly. The following
1. Inspect the axle shafts for wear, stress and cracks at the are some conditions to check.
splines, shaft and yoke ears. Replace damaged components. 1. Replace the fasteners if the corners of the head are worn.
2. Inspect the inner and outer axle shaft bushings in the housing 2. Replace damaged washers.
and spindle for wear or damage. Replace worn or damaged
bushings. 3. Replace the gaskets, oil seals, grease seals or felt seals at the
time of axle or carrier repair.
3. Inspect the axle shaft oil seals in the housing and spindle for
damage. Replace damaged seals. 4. Clean the parts. Apply new silicone gasket material, where
required, when the axle or carrier is assembled.
Tie Rod Ends
5. Use a fine file, emery cloth or crocus cloth to remove rough
1. Inspect tie rod ends for wear and damage. Replace worn or edges from parts that have machined or ground surfaces.
damaged tie rod ends. Do not repair them.
6. Clean and repair fastener threads and holes. Use a die or tap of
2. Check seals for damage. Replace damaged seals. Verify that the correct size or a fine file.
seals are fastened correctly on the socket.
7. Verify that threads are clean and not damaged, so that correct
3. If tie rod ends have grease fittings, check fittings for wear and torque specifications for fasteners can be obtained.
damage. Replace worn or damaged fittings. If a grease fitting
is missing, install a new one. Don’t try to install a grease fitting 8. Tighten all fasteners to the correct torque specifications. Refer
onto a tie rod end that’s a non-greaseable design. Figure 6.6. to Section 10.
Figure 6.6
Welding on Axle Housings
GREASE
FITTING For Complete Welding Instructions on Meritor Drive Axle
Housings
Refer to Maintenance Manual 8, Drive Axle Housings. To obtain this
publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover
of this manual.
1003414a
Figure 6.6
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 37
6 Prepare Parts for Assembly
WARNING CAUTION
Wear safe clothing and eye protection when you use welding Remove the brake air chambers before you weld onto an axle.
equipment. Welding equipment can burn you and cause Do not expose a brake air chamber to more than 250°F
serious personal injury. Follow the operating instructions and (121°C). Damage to the air chamber can result.
safety procedures recommended by the welding equipment
manufacturers. 3. Remove the wheel-end components and brake air chambers
from the axle. Refer to the correct Meritor brake maintenance
Axle weld locations and welding procedures must adhere to manual or the vehicle manufacturer’s instructions.
Meritor’s standards. Welding at locations other than those 4. For housing-to-cover welds, clean the outside housing-to-cover
authorized by Meritor will void the warranty and can reduce weld area 2.00-3.00-inches (50.8-76.2 mm) past each end or
axle beam fatigue life. Serious personal injury and damage to side of the crack. Clean the inside area where the cover mates
components can result. with the housing. Clean the area completely around the cover.
Use a wire brush and a cleaning solvent that will remove dirt
Meritor permits drive axle housing assembly repair welding in the and grease from these areas. Figure 6.7.
following locations only.
앫 Housing-to-cover weld joints Figure 6.7
앫 Snorkel welds
앫 Housing seam welds between the suspension attaching brackets
앫 Bracket welding to the drive axle housing
Prepare the Axle
WARNING
The high temperature caused by the open flame from the
Clean this area.
cutting torch can ignite the oil in the axle housing and can 4000309a
cause serious personal injury.
Figure 6.7
1. Remove the oil drain plug from the bottom of the axle housing
and drain the lubricant from the assembly. 5. For suspension bracket welds, clean both lower and upper
suspension brackets and the areas of the axle housing around
CAUTION each bracket. Use a wire brush and a cleaning solvent that will
Remove the differential carrier from the axle housing before remove dirt and grease from these areas. Figure 6.8 and
you weld onto an axle. Do not weld onto an axle with the Figure 6.9.
differential carrier installed. Electrical arcing and damage to
components can result.
2. Remove the differential carrier from the axle housing. Refer to
the correct Meritor carrier maintenance manual or the vehicle
manufacturer’s instructions.
38 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
6 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Figure 6.8
9. For complete welding instruction, refer to
Clean these areas. Maintenance Manual 8, Drive Axle Housings. To obtain
this publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the
front inside cover of this manual.
LOWER Applying Adhesive and Silicone Gasket
BRACKET Material
WARNING
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal
4000310a injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
Figure 6.8 manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone
Figure 6.9
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a
Clean this area. physician as soon as possible.
Take care when you use Loctite® adhesive to avoid serious
personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
using this product. Follow the instructions carefully to prevent
irritation to the eyes and skin.
UPPER
BRACKET
The silicone gasket products or their equivalent listed in Table C can
Clean these areas.
be used on Meritor components.
4000310a
Table C
Figure 6.9
Product Name Description
®
Loctite 5699 Ultra Grey Adhesive/Sealant
WARNING
®
The axle housing must be 70°F (21°C) or warmer before you Permatex 82194 Ultra Grey Silicone Sealant
weld onto the axle. Do not weld onto a cold axle or weld cold Three Bond 1216 Silicone Sealant
parts onto an axle. Cracks in the weld area, damage to
Three Bond 1216E Silicone Sealant
components and serious personal injury can result.
6. Ensure that the axle housing temperature measures 70°F
(21°C) or warmer.
앫 If the axle housing temperature measures less than
70°F (21°C): Store the axle in a heated room until the
housing reaches the correct temperature.
7. Heat the damaged area to approximately 300°F (149°C) before
you begin welding.
8. Use suitable weld wire electrodes when you weld. Suitable
weld wire electrodes include either BS EN 499 - E 42 2 B 32 H5
or BS EN 440 - G 42 2 M GSi (American Welding Society
equivalents E7018 and ER70S3, respectively).
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 39
6 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Application
1. Remove all old gasket material from both surfaces.
2. Clean the surfaces where you’ll apply the silicone gasket
material. Remove all oil, grease, dirt and moisture. Dry both
surfaces.
CAUTION
The amount of silicone gasket material applied must not
exceed a 0.125-inch (3.18 mm) diameter bead. Too much
gasket material can block lubrication passages. Damage to
components can result.
3. Apply a 0.125-inch (3.18 mm) diameter continuous bead of
Loctite® Ultra Grey 5699 flange sealant (Meritor part number
2297-Z-7098) around one surface. Also apply the gasket
material around the edge of all the fastener holes on that
surface. Figure 6.10.
Figure 6.10
0.125" (3.18 MM) DIAMETER
SILICONE GASKET
MATERIAL BEAD
4000046a
Figure 6.10
4. Assemble the components immediately to permit the gasket
material to compress evenly between the parts.
5. Tighten the fasteners to the required torque specification for
that size fastener. Refer to Section 10.
6. Wait 20 minutes before filling the assembly with lubricant.
40 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
Hazard Alert Messages
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
Figure 7.2
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
WARNING
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
Use a brass or leather mallet for assembly and disassembly
procedures. Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces
of a part can break off and cause serious personal injury.
4000754a
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious Figure 7.2
personal injury.
3. Use snap ring pliers to install the snap ring into the snap ring
Assembly groove. You must fully seat the snap ring into the snap ring
groove to avoid damage to the driveline. Figure 7.3.
Axle Shaft Universal Joint
Figure 7.3
Round Bearing Yokes
1. Slide the first bushing onto the trunnion. Figure 7.1.
Figure 7.1
4000755a
Figure 7.3
ROUND
BUSHING
4000753a
Figure 7.1
2. Press the first round bushing into the yoke slightly past the
snap ring groove. Check that the bushing is aligned with the
universal joint trunnion. Figure 7.2.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 41
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
4. Use a snap ring installation gauge to check that the snap ring is Table D
fully seated in the snap ring groove. Figure 7.4.
Capscrews Jam Nuts
Figure 7.4
Size lb-ft (N폷m) lb-ft (N폷m)
7/16"-20 70-80 (95-108) 20-30 (27-41)
1/2"-20 115-135 (155-183) 27-37 (36-50)
3. The current wing bearing yoke design utilizes a Permalube™
universal joint and does not require additional lubrication.
Prior wing bearing yoke designs include a grease fitting and
require lubrication. Refer to Section 9.
Steering Knuckle and the Axle Shaft
4000756a
Prepare the Shaft and Housing Socket
Figure 7.4
1. Install a new seal onto the outer drive shaft. Figure 7.6.
5. Repeat the previous four steps to install the remaining Figure 7.6
bushings into the yoke.
BUSHING OR
6. Lubricate the universal joint when the joint includes a grease BUSHING BEARING CUP
fitting.
앫 If the universal joint does not move freely: Strike the
SOCKET
yoke ear with a brass or copper hammer. Figure 7.5. PLUG
Figure 7.5
THRUST BUSHING OR
WASHER OIL BEARING CUP
SEAL
THRUST WASHER
AND LOCK PIN 4000758a
Figure 7.6
2. If required, use a correct size sleeve or driver to install a new
inner drive shaft bushing, thrust washer and oil seal into the
4000757a housing or housing socket adapter. Figure 7.6. Apply a layer of
axle lubricant to the seal retainers before the seals are
Figure 7.5
installed.
Wing Bearing Yokes
CAUTION
1. If the cross and cap assembly is damaged, replace all the parts Do not force or hit the seal after it is correctly installed into its
with a new assembly. seat. You can damage the seal retainer.
2. Assemble the cross assembly to the yokes with eight
3. If the socket plugs were removed from the housing, use one of
capscrews and nuts. Tighten the capscrews and jam nuts to
the following procedures to reinstall them.
the torque listed in Table D.
42 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
Upper Bushing, Lower Bearing and Full Bearing King Pin 10. Install the shims and the bushing adapter or bearing cone, if
Designs used, on the upper cap. Use the same thickness shim pack
that was removed during disassembly. The shim pack must
WARNING contain a minimum of three shims.
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small 11. Install the cap assembly through the upper bores of the
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal knuckle and housing until the cap is against the knuckle.
injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket 12. Install the four capscrews and tighten to the correct torque.
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone Refer to Section 10.
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s 13. Check knuckle bearing preload.
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a
physician as soon as possible. NOTE: To get an accurate measurement of bearing preload,
do not assemble the steering arm linkage or cross tube, tie rod,
1. Apply a layer of silicone gasket material to the mounting assembly to the knuckle until the preload adjustment is made.
surfaces of the socket plugs only. Figure 7.6.
2. Install the plugs flat against the journals of the inside socket A. Fasten a soft wire or cord to the tie rod arm. Attach a
bores with the closed side of the plugs toward the center of pound scale to the opposite end of the wire or cord. Hold
the axle. the outer shaft of the universal joint away from the
knuckle opening and pull on the pound scale to rotate the
3. Apply hand pressure to the plugs before the gasket material knuckle. Read the pounds on the scale. Read the pull
sets to ensure the socket plugs are in solid contact with the necessary to rotate the knuckle, not the pull necessary to
housing. start the movement. Figure 7.7.
4. Clean any gasket material from the tops of the plugs and the
inside of the bores. Figure 7.7
5. Use a correct size sleeve or driver to install the bushings or
bearing cups, depending on the axle model being serviced, in
the socket bores of the housing. The bushings or bearing cups
must be flat against the socket plugs.
6. Install the oil seals flat into their bores in the housing socket.
7. Install shims, if used, and the bearing cone against its journal
on the lower cap.
앫 Axles made before March 15, 1977 require a minimum of 4000759a
three shims with a total thickness of 0.009-inch
(0.229 mm) at the lower knuckle cap.
Figure 7.7
앫 Axles made after March 15, 1977 do not require shims at
the lower knuckle cap.
앫 If the old knuckles, caps and bearings are installed:
Use the same amount of shim thickness as was removed
during disassembly.
8. Install the lower cap assembly through the bottom bores of the
knuckle and the housing until the cap is against the knuckle.
9. Install the capscrews and tighten to the correct torque. Refer to
Section 10.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 43
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
B. The pounds shown on the scale must be between 10 and 6. Assemble the lower cap assembly through the bottom bores of
29 lbs. The correct bearing preload for FDS-1800 and the knuckle and housing until the cap is against the knuckle.
2100 Series axles is 11-20 lb-ft (14.9-27.1 N폷m) rotating
7. Install the capscrews and tighten to the correct torque. Refer to
torque. @
Section 10.
앫 To correct the bearing preload for the upper
8. Install the shims and oil seal against the base of the upper cap.
bushing lower bearing design: Disassemble the
Use the same thickness shim pack that was removed during
upper bearing cap and remove shims to increase the
disassembly. The shim pack must contain a minimum of three
preload, or add shims to decrease the preload. Install
shims.
the knuckle cap to the correct torque and check the
bearing preload again. 9. Install the cap assembly through the upper bores of the
knuckle and housing until the cap is against the knuckle.
앫 To correct the bearing preload for the full bearing
king pin design: Disassemble both the upper and 10. Install the four capscrews and tighten to the correct torque.
lower bearing caps. Remove shims to increase the Refer to Section 10.
preload, or add shims to decrease the preload. The
same thickness of shims should be added or removed NOTE: If necessary, remove the grease fitting from the lower
from each bearing cap. Install the knuckle caps to the knuckle cap to prevent damage.
correct torque and check the bearing preload again.
11. Check steering knuckle end play.
14. Inspect the housing seal and thrust washer to verify that these
pieces are correctly installed. Install the universal joint into the A. Place a magnetic base dial indicator in position on the
housing. Align the inner shaft splines with the splines of the housing. Figure 7.8.
differential side gear.
Figure 7.8
15. If removed, assemble the steering arm and ball stud to the
upper knuckle cap.
Add or remove
Full Bushing King Pin, Steel or Bronze Design shim to adjust
end play.
1. Drive new bushings into the socket bores so that the bushings
are level with the outside of the socket. Use the correct size
sleeve or driver.
2. Install new socket plugs into the inside socket bores so that the
plugs are against the bushings. Tack weld the plugs in the
same positions as the first tack welds. To avoid distortion to the
bushing and bushing bore diameter, do not apply too much
4000762a
heat to the socket during tack welding of socket plugs.
3. Inspect the housing seal and thrust washer to verify that these Figure 7.8
pieces are correctly installed. Install the universal joint into the
housing. Align the inner shaft splines with the splines of the B. Use a jack to place pressure onto the lower knuckle cap.
differential side gear. Set the dial indicator to ZERO.
4. Install the thrust washer and lock pin on the lower socket bore. C. Fully release the jack pressure and read the end play on
Turn the housing over. the dial indicator. Correct end play is between
0.005-0.015-inch (0.127-0.381 mm). Remove or add
5. Place the knuckle in its correct position over the end of the
shims from between the upper knuckle cap and steering
housing. Align the knuckle bores with the housing socket bores.
knuckle to obtain the correct end play.
44 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
12. If removed, assemble the steering arm and ball stud to the Figure 7.10
upper knuckle cap.
Full Bushing and Thrust Bearing King Pin, Easy Steer™ Design
1. Use the correct size sleeve or driver to drive new bushings into
the socket bores so that the bushings are level with the outside
of the socket.
2. Position the socket plug 1.87-inch (47.5 mm) from top of
bushing. Tack weld the plugs in the same positions as the first
tack welds. To avoid distortion to the bushing and bushing bore
diameter, do not apply too much heat to the socket during tack
welding of the socket plugs.
3. Inspect the housing seal and thrust washer to verify that these
pieces are correctly installed. Install the universal joint into the FULL BEARING KING UPPER BUSHING LOWER
housing. Align the inner shaft splines with the splines of the PIN DESIGN BEARING KING
PIN DESIGN
differential side gear. Figure 7.9.
Figure 7.9
OIL
SEAL
4000731a
FULL BUSHING KING FULL BUSHING AND
Figure 7.9 PIN DESIGN THRUST BEARING KING PIN
DESIGN, PRESENT DESIGN
4. Install the thrust bearing against the journal on the lower cap. 4000761b
Figure 7.10
5. Place the knuckle into its correct position over the end of the
housing. Align the knuckle bores with the housing socket
6. Install the lower cap assembly through the bottom bores of the
bores. Figure 7.10.
knuckle and housing until the cap is against the knuckle.
7. Install the four capscrews and tighten to the correct torque.
Refer to Section 10.
8. Install the shims and grease seal against the base of the upper
cap. Use the same thickness shim pack that was removed
during disassembly. The shim pack must contain a minimum of
three shims.
9. Install the cap assembly through the upper bores of the knuckle
and housing until the cap is against the knuckle. Figure 7.11.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 45
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
Figure 7.11 Figure 7.12
FELT
SEAL
4000760a 4000763a
Figure 7.12
Figure 7.11
10. Install the four capscrews and tighten to the correct torque. Figure 7.13
Refer to Section 10. FELT
SEAL
11. If removed, attach the steering arm and ball stud to the upper
knuckle cap.
12. Check steering knuckle end play.
A. Place a magnetic base dial indicator into position on the
housing. Figure 7.8.
NOTE: If necessary, remove the grease fitting from the
lower knuckle cap to prevent damage.
4000764a
B. Use a jack to place pressure onto the lower knuckle cap.
Figure 7.13
Set the dial indicator to ZERO.
C. Fully release the jack pressure and read the end play on
Figure 7.14
the dial indicator. Correct end play is between
FELT SEAL,
0.005-0.015-inch (0.127-0.381 mm). Remove or add NON-GREASEABLE
shims from between the upper knuckle cap and steering DRIVE FLANGE
knuckle to obtain the correct end play. Figure 7.8. DESIGN ONLY
THRUST
WASHER SPINDLE
Spindle and Brake to the Steering Knuckle
1. Prepare the spindle. Figure 7.12.
앫 For a greaseable drive flange design: If disassembled, SEAL WIPER
SLEEVE
install only the thrust washer and the seal wiper sleeve into
RETAINER, NON-GREASEABLE
the spindle. Figure 7.13. DRIVE FLANGE DESIGN ONLY 4000765a
앫 For a non-greaseable drive flange design: If
disassembled, install the thrust washer, seal wiper sleeve, Figure 7.14
felt seal and retainer into the spindle. Figure 7.14.
46 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
2. Install the spider assembly against the knuckle with the keyway Figure 7.16
slot for the wheel bearing adjusting nut system toward the top. INNER
On larger model axles, spindle installation will be easier if you WHEEL
install two temporary pilot studs into the opposite sides of the WHEEL BEARING
BEARING OIL
knuckle. Tighten the studs finger-tight. Figure 7.15. HUB
OIL SEAL OUTER WHEEL
SLEEVE WHEEL BEARING
Figure 7.15
BEARING LOCK
CUP WASHER
PILOT
STUDS
INNER
INNER WHEEL OUTER
WHEEL BEARING WHEEL
BEARING CUP BEARING
INNER NUT
COME WHEEL
OUTER BEARING
WHEEL NUT
BEARING
4000766a CONE 4000767a
Figure 7.15
Figure 7.16
NOTE: For complete installation and service instructions for
3. Fill the bearing cones and hub cavity with the correct grease
wedge brake assemblies, refer to Maintenance Manual 4R,
up to the inside diameter of the bearing cones. Refer to
Wedge Brakes. To obtain this publication, refer to the Service
Section 9.
Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
4. Install the inner bearing cone into its cup inside the hub.
3. Install the brake spider and oil deflector onto the spindle.
5. Install a new inner oil seal. Apply a layer of non-hardening
Fasten all parts to the knuckle with 12 capscrews and
sealing compound to the outside of the seal. Install the seal
washers. Tighten to the correct torque. Refer to
into its correct position: flat and square with hub end surface.
Section 10.
Do not force or hit the seal. The seal can be damaged easily.
Installation 6. Use a suitable driver to install the seal wiper sleeve on the
spindle.
Wheel Bearings Into the Hubs 7. Install the hub assembly onto the spindle. Be careful the oil
1. If wheel studs were removed from the hub, place the hub into a seal is not damaged during installation. Press the hub until the
press with the drum side at the bottom. Align the grooves on inner bearing is flat against the face of the spindle.
the studs with the grooves in the stud holes in the hub. Press
8. Install the outer bearing cone onto the spindle and push it into
the studs into position. If a press is not available, use a brass
its cup inside the hub.
hammer.
2. Use a press and sleeve to install the inner and outer bearing
cups into the hub. Figure 7.16.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 47
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
Adjustment 4. Assemble the lock ring and jam nut. Tighten the jam nut to
250-400 lb-ft (339-542 N폷m). If the lock ring does not line up
Wheel Bearings with the adjusting nut, rotate the adjusting nut clockwise,
tightening, to the closest lock ring hole. To make the smallest
WARNING turn possible, flip the lock ring over if necessary. @
When you adjust a wheel bearing, always use the correct 5. Check the resulting end play with a dial indicator and perform
socket wrench to loosen the adjusting nut. Use a torque the following actions.
wrench to tighten it to the correct specification. Do not attempt
to tighten or loosen an adjusting nut by striking it with a
End Play (inch) Action
hammer. Do not place a chisel or drift next to the adjusting nut
and strike the chisel with a hammer. 0.000-0.002 No action required.
>0.002-0.005 Remove the jam nut and lock ring. Tighten
Damage to the adjusting nut can result, which can prevent you the adjusting nut 1/32 turn by flipping the
from obtaining the correct wheel bearing adjustment. An lock ring over and turning the adjusting
incorrect adjustment can cause a wheel to separate from the nut to align with the next hole.
vehicle during operation. Serious personal injury and damage
>0.005-0.008 Remove the jam nut and lock ring. Tighten
to components can result.
the adjusting nut 1/16 turn by turning the
adjusting nut to align with the next hole.
1. Use a torque wrench to tighten the adjusting nut to 100 Ib-ft
Do not flip the lock ring.
(136 N폷m). Figure 7.17. @
>0.008-0.011 Remove the jam nut and lock ring. Tighten
Figure 7.17 the adjusting nut 3/32 turn by flipping the
OUTER OUTER lock ring over and turning the adjusting
WHEEL WHEEL
BEARING BEARING nut to align with the second hole from the
CUP CONE current position.
HUB
>0.011 Return to Step 1 and repeat the
procedure.
Assembly
Drum and Drive Flange
INNER WHEEL
BEARING
WHEEL
LOCK OUTER
WARNING
BEARING
NUT WASHER WHEEL When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small
BEARING
ADJUSTING
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal
NUT injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
4000768a manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone
Figure 7.17
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a
2. Rotate the hub three full turns to ensure all the bearings and
physician as soon as possible.
seal surfaces are in contact.
3. Back off the adjusting nut 1/4 turn, 2-1/2 studs of the drum Greaseable Drive Flange
bolt circle. Do not rotate the hub assembly after backing off the 1. Install the drum over the hub pilot. If used, tighten the drum
adjusting nut. mounting flathead screws to the correct torque. Refer to
Section 10.
48 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
2. If previously removed, install the seal and retainer on the drive 6. If previously removed, install the new hubcap with grease
flange. Figure 7.18. fitting to the drive flange. Apply a 0.125-inch (3.18 mm)
continuous bead of silicone gasket material to either the
Figure 7.18
mounting surface of the hubcap or the drive flange. Tighten the
capscrews to the correct torque. Refer to Section 10.
DRIVE
FLANGE Adjustment
Brake
WARNING
You must manually adjust the brake after you perform
maintenance or service. Do not depend on the automatic
SEAL AND
RETAINER 4000772a
adjusters to remove the excessive clearance created when you
back off the brake during service. The automatic adjusters are
Figure 7.18
designed to compensate for normal lining wear. Damage to
components and serious personal injury can occur.
3. Apply a layer of silicone gasket material to the hub mounting
surface of the new drive flange. Refer to Maintenance Manual 4R, Wedge Brakes, for complete
4. Apply Meritor specification number O-617-A or O-617-B wheel brake adjustment procedures. To obtain this publication, refer to the
bearing grease to the inside splines of the drive flange and the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
splines of the drive shaft.
Assembly
5. Install the drive flange on the hub and fasten with washers and
capscrews. Tighten the capscrews to the correct torque. Refer Cross Tube to the Knuckle
to Section 10.
1. Assemble the cross tube end assembly and clamp if these
6. If previously removed, install the new hubcap with grease parts were disassembled. Tighten the locknuts to the correct
fitting to the drive flange. Apply a 0.125-inch (3.18 mm) torque. Refer to Section 10.
continuous bead of silicone gasket material to either the
2. Push the stud of the tie rod end through the knuckle arm
mounting surface of the hubcap or the drive flange. Tighten the
tapered hole. Tighten the cross tube nut to the correct torque.
capscrews to the correct torque. Refer to Section 10.
Refer to Section 10.
Non-Greaseable Drive Flange 3. Install the slotted nut and cotter pin assembly.
1. Install the drum over the hub pilot. If used, tighten the drum A. Tighten the nut to the initial torque specified.
mounting flathead screws to the correct torque. Refer to
Section 10. B. Advance the nut, do not back it off, to align the cotter pin.
2. If previously removed, install the seal and retainer on drive C. Final installed torque must not exceed the maximum
flange. Figure 7.18. specified.
앫 If the final torque exceeds the maximum: Remove
3. Apply a layer of silicone gasket material to the hub mounting
the nut and reinstall it to correct specification.
surface of the new drive flange.
앫 If the minimum torque is not met: Check if the stud
4. Apply Meritor specification number O-617-A or O-617-B wheel taper is showing. If necessary, shim with a 0.125-inch
bearing grease to the inside splines of the drive flange and the (3.18 mm) washer.
splines of the drive shaft.
4. Install the cotter pin.
5. Install the drive flange onto the hub and fasten with washers
and capscrews. Tighten the capscrews to the correct torque. 5. Assemble the wheel, tire and rim, to the drum. Tighten the
Refer to Section 10. wheel nuts to the manufacturer’s specifications.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 49
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
Adjustment 2. Lock the steering stop in position with the jam nut tightened to
180-230 lb-ft (244-312 N폷m). @
Steering Stop Setting
All Meritor front drive steer axles are shipped with the steering stop
Power Steering
screws preset at the factory according to the manufacturer’s
CAUTION
specifications. Additional adjustments can be made by the vehicle
Meritor does not permit any power steering system that does
manufacturer or end user to accommodate a specific chassis design
not have a pressure relief or positive mechanical stop to be set
or tire size as long as the maximum angle does not exceed the
before the maximum turn angle is reached. The power units
U-joint capability.
must be stopped before the axle stop touches the housing to
NOTE: Check the adjustments of both axle steering stops and prevent stress to the axle components. Damage to
power steering units every time part of the steering system is components can result.
disassembled.
Mechanical Relief
Maximum Turn Angle Setting Vehicles with mechanical Pitman arm stops or cylinder stops must
be adjusted to end the travel of the Pitman arm or cylinder
Maximum Turn Angle
0.125-inch (3.18 mm) before the steering stop screw touches the
Front Drive Steer Axle Model of the U-Joint
housing. Maximum turn angle is then controlled by the arm or
FDS-1600 40
cylinder stop, not the axle stop. Make the adjustments for both
RF-16 35 full-right and full-left turns. Figure 7.20.
FDS-1805, 7, 8 28
FDS-2100, 1, 2 35 Figure 7.20
FDS-2107 35 0.2500-0.1875"
(6.350-4.762 MM)
RF-21, 22, 23 35 SPACER
NOTE: Do not adjust the turn angle beyond the specifications set by
the vehicle manufacturer. MAXIMUM
TURNING
ANGLE
Manual Steering FULL TURN
POSITION
1. Adjust both the right- and left-hand knuckle steering stops to
touch the housing when the maximum turning angle specified STOP SCREW
AND JAM NUT
by the vehicle manufacturer is reached. Figure 7.19. 4000774a
Figure 7.19 Figure 7.20
Hydraulic Relief
Hydraulic steering gears or cylinders with poppet valves must be
MAXIMUM adjusted while a 0.2500-0.1875-inch (6.350-4.762 mm) spacer is
TURNING
ANGLE
held between the housing and stop screw. The poppet valves must
FULL TURN be adjusted to permit pressure bypass at this position with the
POSITION spacer in place for full-right and full-left turns. During this setting
STOP SCREW
the steering gear pressure must be at a maximum 600 psi
AND JAM NUT (41.4 bar). Figure 7.21.
4000773a
Figure 7.19
50 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
Figure 7.21 5. Set the slide scale end of a trammel bar to zero and lock the
0.2500-0.1875"
(6.350-4.762 MM)
scale in place.
SPACER
6. Place the trammel bar at the rear of the tires. Adjust the pointer
to line up with the scribe lines on the tires. Lock the pointers in
MAXIMUM place. The sliding scale still must be set on ZERO. Figure 7.23.
TURNING
ANGLE Figure 7.23
FULL TURN
POSITION
4000775a
Figure 7.21
Wheel Toe-In Adjustment
Toe-in must be checked and adjusted on all front drive axles after
4000777a
the axle is installed in the vehicle. Figure 7.22.
Figure 7.23
Figure 7.22
X
7. Place the trammel bar at the front of the tires. Adjust the
FRONT
pointer to line up with the scribe lines on the tire. Figure 7.24.
Figure 7.24
Y
Y – X = TOE-IN
4000776a
Figure 7.22
NOTE: Toe-in must be measured with the weight of the vehicle on
the axle and the axle on a level floor. Use the following procedure.
1. Use a jack to raise the front axle. 4000778a
2. Use a piece of chalk to mark the center area of both front tires Figure 7.24
around the complete circumference.
8. Read the toe-in, or toe-out, from the scale. In a vehicle, toe-in
3. Place a scribe or pointed instrument against the center of the
must be:
whitened part of each tire and rotate the tires. The scribe must
be held in place so that a single straight line is marked all 앫 Unloaded: 0.06 ± 0.31-inch (1.59 ± 0.79 mm)
around the tire.
앫 Loaded: 0.31 ± 0.31-inch (0.79 ± 0.79 mm)
4. Place a full-floating turning radius gauge plate under each
wheel. Lower the vehicle and remove the lock pins from the
gauge plates.
앫 If full-floating gauge plates are not available: Lower
the vehicle to the floor and move the vehicle backward
approximately six feet (1.8 m) and then forward for the
same distance.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 51
7 Wedge Brake Assembly and Installation
9. If toe-in adjustment is necessary, use one of the following 4. Verify that the cross tube drop center does not interfere with
procedures. Figure 7.25. the carrier or other vehicle components. Larger axles should
have the drop center inclined at 5-10 degrees to the rear for
Figure 7.25
optimum clearance at maximum turn conditions. Figure 7.26.
SLEEVE 5. Check the toe-in measurement again to make sure it is within
ADJUSTABLE the correct limits.
TIE ROD
Axles with Turnbuckle Adjustable Cross Tubes
TURNBUCKLE 1. Loosen the turnbuckle cross tube clamps and rotate the clamp
ADJUSTABLE
assembly as required.
ADJUSTABLE
2. Tighten the clamps to the correct torque. Refer to Section 10.
TIE ROD ENDS
4000779a 3. Check the toe-in measurement again to verify that it is within
the correct limits
Figure 7.25
Axles with Adjustable Tie Rod Ends
Axles with Sleeve Adjustable Cross Tubes
1. The cross tube end on the left side of the vehicle has coarse
threads and the cross tube end on the right side has fine
NOTE: Different torques are applied to clamps on the sleeve
threads.
adjustable tie rods.
2. If a coarse adjustment is required, loosen the cross tube
1. Loosen the tie rod clamp located on the sleeve side of the tie clamps on the left side of the vehicle. Remove the cotter pin
rod. and nut from the knuckle arm to disassemble the cross tube
2. Rotate the sleeve to set toe-in or toe-out. end. Rotate the cross tube end assembly as required. One
complete turn will change the toe-in or toe-out approximately
3. Rotate the clamp and position it at a 35 degree angle from 0.25-inch (6.35 mm).
horizontal with the clamp bolt behind the rod assembly. Tighten
the clamp to the correct torque. Refer to Section 10. 3. If a fine adjustment is required, follow the same procedure as
Figure 7.26. shown in Step 2 on the right side of the vehicle. One complete
turn will change toe-in or toe-out approximately 0.1875-inch
Figure 7.26
(4.76 mm).
4. Install the cross tube end assemblies and tighten the nuts to
the correct torque. Refer to Section 10.
5. Verify that the drop center of the cross tube does not interfere
with the other vehicle components. Tighten the cross tube
locknuts or clamp bolts to the correct torque. Refer to
Section 10. Larger axles should have the drop center inclined
at 5-10 degrees to vertical for optimum clearance at maximum
turn conditions. Figure 7.26.
5-10° 35° 6. Check the toe-in measurement again to verify that it is within
4000780a
correct limits.
Figure 7.26
52 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
Hazard Alert Messages
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
Figure 8.2
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
WARNING
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
Use a brass or leather mallet for assembly and disassembly
procedures. Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces
of a part can break off and cause serious personal injury.
4000754a
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious Figure 8.2
personal injury.
3. Use snap ring pliers to install the snap ring into the snap ring
Assembly groove. You must fully seat the snap ring into the snap ring
groove to avoid damage to the driveline. Figure 8.3.
Axle Shaft Universal Joint
Figure 8.3
Round Bearing Yokes
1. Slide the first bushing onto the trunnion. Figure 8.1.
Figure 8.1
4000755a
Figure 8.3
ROUND 4. Use a snap ring installation gauge to check that the snap ring is
BUSHING
fully seated in the snap ring groove. Figure 8.4.
4000753a
Figure 8.1
2. Press the first round bushing into the yoke slightly past the
snap ring groove. Check that the bushing is aligned with the
universal joint trunnion. Figure 8.2.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 53
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
Figure 8.4 Table E
Capscrews Jam Nuts
Size lb-ft (N폷m) lb-ft (N폷m)
7/16"-20 70-80 (95-108) 20-30 (27-41)
1/2"-20 115-135 27-37 (36-50)
(155-183)
3. The current wing bearing yoke design utilizes a Permalube™
universal joint and does not require additional lubrication.
Prior wing bearing yoke designs include a grease fitting and
4000756a require lubrication. Refer to Section 9 for lubricant
specifications.
Figure 8.4
Steering Knuckle and the Axle Shaft
5. Repeat the previous four steps to install the remaining
bushings into the yoke. 1. Install a new seal onto the outer drive shaft. Figure 8.6.
6. Lubricate the universal joint when the joint includes a grease Figure 8.6
fitting.
앫 If the universal joint does not move freely: Strike the
yoke ear with a brass or copper hammer. Figure 8.5.
Figure 8.5
4000733a
WING BEARING YOKE
Figure 8.6
2. If required, use a correct size sleeve or driver to install a new
inner drive shaft bushing, thrust washer and oil seal into the
4000757a
housing or housing socket adapter. Apply a layer of
non-hardening sealing compound to the seal retainers before
Figure 8.5 the seals are installed.
Wing Bearing Yokes CAUTION
1. If the cross and cap assembly is damaged, replace all the parts Do not force or hit the seal after it is correctly installed into its
with a new assembly. seat. You can damage the seal retainer.
2. Assemble the cross assembly to the yokes with eight 3. If the socket plugs were removed from the housing, position
capscrews and nuts. Tighten the capscrews and jam nuts to the socket plugs in the housings up against the counter bore.
the torque listed in Table E. If tack welds were used previously, carefully tack weld each
plug in position with four welds.
54 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
4. Use correct size sleeve or driver to drive new bushings into the D. Fully release the jack pressure and read the end play
socket bores so that the bushings are level with the outside of on the dial indicator. Correct end play is between
the socket. 0.005-0.015-inch (0.127-0.381 mm). Remove or add
shims from between the upper knuckle cap and steering
앫 If a press is available: Press-in the domed socket plugs or
knuckle to obtain the correct end play.
tack weld them into position. To avoid distortion to the
bushing and bushing bore diameter, do not apply too much Figure 8.7
heat to the socket during tack welding of socket plugs.
5. Inspect the housing seal and thrust washer to verify that these Add or remove
pieces are correctly installed. Install the universal joint into the shim to adjust
housing. Align the inner shaft splines with the splines of the end play.
differential side gear.
6. Pack the thrust washer rollers with grease before assembly.
7. Install the thrust bearing against the journal on the lower cap.
8. Place the knuckle into its correct position over the end of the
4000762b
housing. Align the knuckle bores with the housing socket
bores. Figure 8.7
9. Install the lower cap assembly through the bottom bores of the
knuckle and housing until the cap is against the knuckle. 15. Check the knuckle bearing preload.
10. Install the capscrews and tighten to the correct torque. Refer to A. Fasten a soft wire or cord to the tie rod arm. Attach a
Section 10. pound scale to the opposite end of the wire or cord. Hold
the outer shaft of the universal joint away from the
11. Install the shims and oil seal against the base of the upper cap. knuckle opening and pull on the pound scale to rotate the
Use the same thickness shim pack that was removed during knuckle. Read the pounds on the scale. Read the pull
disassembly. The shim pack must contain a minimum of three necessary to rotate the knuckle, not the pull necessary to
shims. start the movement. Figure 8.8.
12. Install the cap assembly through the upper bores of the B. The pounds shown on the scale must be between
knuckle and housing until the cap is against the knuckle. 10-30 lbs (4.5-13.5 kg). The correct rotating torque is
13. Install the capscrews and tighten to the correct torque. Refer to 8-25 lb-ft (20.8-33.9 N폷m). @
Section 10. 앫 If the knuckle bearing preload is not correct:
14. Check steering knuckle end play. Disassemble and inspect the knuckle.
A. Support the vehicle with safety stands under the axle Figure 8.8
housing.
B. Place a magnetic base dial indicator into position on the
housing. Figure 8.7.
NOTE: If necessary, remove the grease fitting from the
lower knuckle cap to prevent damage.
C. Use a jack to place pressure onto the lower knuckle cap.
Set the dial indicator to ZERO.
4000759a
Figure 8.8
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 55
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
Spindle and Brake to the Steering Knuckle Figure 8.11
PILOT
1. On units equipped for ABS, if the steel sleeve for holding the STUDS
ABS sensor clip and ABS sensor has been disassembled,
install the sleeve with a suitable driver. Install the sleeve into
the spindle until it is 0.9375-inch (23.8 mm) below the inner
bearing shoulder. Install the ABS sensor clip into the sleeve.
Figure 8.9.
Figure 8.9
SPINDLE
4000783a
OIL
SEAL Figure 8.11
WIPER
0.9375" 4. Install the spider assembly against the knuckle with the keyway
(23.8 MM) slot for the wheel bearing adjusting nut system toward the top
THRUST
WASHER for ABS spindles.
5. Install the brake spider onto the spindle. Fasten all parts to the
ABS BUSHING
SLEEVE
knuckle with 12 capscrews and washers. Tighten to the correct
SEAL WIPER torque specified in Section 10. Figure 8.12.
SLEEVE 4000781a
Figure 8.12
Figure 8.9
2. If disassembled, install the thrust washer and seal wiper sleeve
into the spindle. Figure 8.10.
Figure 8.10
THRUST
WASHER 4000784a
Figure 8.12
6. Check the axle shaft end play.
SLEEVE A. Place a magnetic base dial indicator into position on the
SPINDLE
housing with the pointer on the shaft. Set the dial
4000782a indicator to ZERO.
Figure 8.10 B. Push DOWN on the axle shaft and read the end play on
the dial indicator.
NOTE: On larger model axles, spindle installation will be easier
if you install two temporary pilot studs into opposite sides of 앫 If the end play is greater than 0.118-inch (3 mm):
the knuckle. Tighten the studs finger-tight. Figure 8.11. Remove the wheel end and inspect for wear. The
thrust washer thickness must be at least 0.120-inch
3. If the brake was removed as an assembly, install it at this time. (3.05 mm). Replace the thrust washer if necessary.
Inspect the thrust surfaces on the spindle, housing
and axle shaft for wear. Replace parts as necessary.
56 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
7. On units equipped for ABS, install the ABS cable and grommet Figure 8.15
into the knuckle. Install the ABS sensor into the ABS bushing in
the spindle. Figure 8.12.
8. Install the camshaft bushing retainer plate and two bolts to the
back side of the steering knuckle. Tighten the capscrews to the
correct torque. Refer to Section 10. Figure 8.13.
Figure 8.13
4000787a
RETAINER
PLATE Figure 8.15
CAMSHAFT 12. Install the retaining ring onto the camshaft at the back of the
BUSHING spider assembly. Figure 8.16.
4000785a
Figure 8.16
Figure 8.13
9. If the camshaft bushing was disassembled, attach it to the
retainer plate with four self-tapping screws. Tighten the screws
to the correct torque. Refer to Section 10.
10. Install the air brake chambers and brackets. Tighten the
bracket mounting capscrews to the correct torque. Refer to
Section 10. Figure 8.14.
Figure 8.14
4000788a
Figure 8.16
13. Install the slack adjuster onto the camshaft. Figure 8.17.
Figure 8.17
4000786a
Figure 8.14
11. Install the camshaft. Figure 8.15.
4000789a
Figure 8.17
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 57
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
14. Install slack adjuster shims at the adjuster end of the camshaft. Figure 8.20
Figure 8.18.
Figure 8.18
4000792a
Figure 8.20
4000790a
18. The distance from the back of the brake air chamber to the
Figure 8.18
center of the clevis pin is the brake slack adjuster position
(BSAP). Adjust slack adjuster position to obtain the correct
15. Install the slack adjuster retaining ring at the adjuster end of
specification in Table F.
the camshaft. Figure 8.19.
Table F
Figure 8.19
Slack Adjuster Length BSAP
5.5" (139.7 mm) 6.3" (160.02 mm)
6.0" (152.4 mm) 6.43" (163.32 mm)
19. Tighten the nut on the push rod to the clevis pin to the correct
torque. Refer to Section 10.
20. Install the dust shields to the brake spider. Tighten the
mounting screws to the correct torque. Refer to Section 10.
4000791a Figure 8.21.
Figure 8.19 Figure 8.21
16. If disassembled, install nut and push rod yoke on air chamber
push rod.
17. Install the pin and retainer that engages the push rod yoke and
the slack adjuster plunger rod. Figure 8.20.
4000793a
Figure 8.21
21. Connect the air lines to the brake chambers.
58 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
Installation Wheel Bearings
Wheel Bearings Into the Hubs WARNING
1. If wheel studs were removed from the hub, place the hub into a When you adjust a wheel bearing, always use the correct
press with the drum side at the bottom. Align the grooves on the socket wrench to loosen the adjusting nut. Use a torque
studs with the grooves in the stud holes in the hub. Press the wrench to tighten it to the correct specification. Do not attempt
studs into position. If a press is not available, use a brass hammer. to tighten or loosen an adjusting nut by striking it with a
hammer. Do not place a chisel or drift next to the adjusting nut
2. Install the inner and outer bearing cups into the hub. Use a and strike the chisel with a hammer.
press and sleeve.
3. Fill the bearing cones and hub cavity with the correct grease Damage to the adjusting nut can result, which can prevent you
until it is level with the inside diameter of the bearing cones. from obtaining the correct wheel bearing adjustment. An
Refer to Section 9. incorrect adjustment can cause a wheel to separate from the
vehicle during operation. Serious personal injury and damage
4. Install the inner bearing cone into its cup inside the hub.
to components can result.
5. Install a new inner oil seal. Apply a layer of non-hardening
sealing compound to the outside of the seal. Install the seal into 1. Use a torque wrench to tighten the adjusting nut to 100 Ib-ft
its correct position against the bore. Do not force or hit the seal (136 N폷m). Figure 8.22. @
after it has touched the bottom of the bore. The seal can be
damaged. Figure 8.22
OUTER OUTER
6. On units equipped for ABS, use a suitable driver to install the WHEEL WHEEL
BEARING BEARING
ABS tooth wheel on the hub. Damage to the teeth on the ABS CUP CONE
tooth ring can create an error signal during testing and HUB
operation of the ABS system.
7. Install the oil sleeve on the spindle with a driver.
8. Install the hub assembly onto the spindle. Be careful the oil seal
is not damaged during installation. Press the hub until the inner
bearing is flat against the face of the spindle.
9. Install the outer bearing cone on the spindle and push it into its INNER WHEEL
WHEEL BEARING
cup inside the hub. BEARING LOCK OUTER
NUT WASHER WHEEL
10. Check the axle lubricant level and fill if required. Refer to BEARING
Section 9 for lubricant specifications. ADJUSTING
NUT
Adjustment 4000768a
Figure 8.22
Brakes
WARNING 2. Rotate the hub three full turns to ensure all the bearings and
You must manually adjust the brake after you perform seal surfaces are in contact.
maintenance or service. Do not depend on the automatic 3. Back off the adjusting nut 1/4 turn, 2-1/2 studs of the drum
adjusters to remove the excessive clearance created when you bolt circle. Do not rotate the hub assembly after backing off the
back off the brake during service. The automatic adjusters are adjusting nut.
designed to compensate for normal lining wear. Damage to
components and serious personal injury can occur. 4. Assemble the lock ring and jam nut. Tighten the jam nut to
250-400 lb-ft (339-542 N폷m). If the lock ring does not line up
Refer to Maintenance Manual 4, Cam Brakes, for complete brake with the adjusting nut, rotate the adjusting nut clockwise,
adjustment procedures. To obtain this publication, refer to the tightening, to the closest lock ring hole. To make the smallest
Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual. turn possible, flip the lock ring over if necessary. @
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 59
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
5. Check the resulting end play with a dial indicator and perform 3. For service instructions for ABS braking systems, refer to
the following actions. Maintenance Manual 28, Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS)
for Trucks, Tractors and Buses, For C Version ECUs; and
End Play (inch) Action Maintenance Manual 30, Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS) for
0.000-0.002 No action required. Trucks, Tractors and Buses, For D Version ECUs. To obtain
these publications, refer to the Service Notes page on the front
>0.002-0.005 Remove the jam nut and lock ring. Tighten
inside cover of this manual.
the adjusting nut 1/32 turn by flipping the
lock ring over and turning the adjusting
nut to align with the next hole.
Assembly
>0.005-0.008 Remove the jam nut and lock ring. Tighten Drum and the Drive Flange
the adjusting nut 1/16 turn by turning the
adjusting nut to align with the next hole. WARNING
Do not flip the lock ring. When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small
>0.008-0.011 Remove the jam nut and lock ring. Tighten amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal
the adjusting nut 3/32 turn by flipping the injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
lock ring over and turning the adjusting manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
nut to align with the second hole from the material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone
current position. gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a
>0.011 Return to Step 1 and repeat the
physician as soon as possible.
procedure.
1. Install the drum over the hub pilot. If a flat head capscrew is
ABS Sensor used for retention, fasten the drum to the hub with the flat
1. On units equipped for ABS, push the ABS sensor completely head capscrews. Tighten the capscrews to the correct torques.
into the sensor bearing until it contacts the tooth wheel on the Refer to Section 10.
hub. Figure 8.23.
2. Install felt seal and retainer on drive flange.
Figure 8.23
3. Apply a layer of silicone gasket material to the hub mounting
ANTI-LOCK ASSEMBLY surface of the drive flange only. Refer to Section 6.
SENSOR 4. Apply Meritor specification number O-617-A or O-617-B wheel
TOOTH
WHEEL bearing grease to the inside splines of the drive flange and the
splines of the drive shaft.
5. Install the drive flange on the hub and fasten with washers and
capscrews. Tighten the capscrews to the correct torque. Refer
to Section 10.
6. If previously removed, install the hubcap, if used, to drive
4000794a flange. Apply a 0.125-inch (3.18 mm) continuous bead of
silicone gasket material around either the mounting surface of
Figure 8.23
the hubcap or the drive flange. Refer to Section 6. Tighten the
capscrews to the correct torque. Refer to Section 10.
2. With the sensor in place, feed any excess cable back through
the grommet on the knuckle. Do not affect the position of the
sensor or allow excess cable to contact the drive shaft.
60 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
Cross Tube to the Knuckle Manual Steering
1. Assemble the cross tube end assembly and clamp if these Adjust both the right- and left-hand knuckle steering stops to touch
parts were disassembled. Tighten the locknuts to the correct the housing when the maximum turning angle specified by the
torque. Refer to Section 10. vehicle manufacturer is reached. Lock the steering stop in position
with the jam nut tightened to the correct torque. Refer to Section 10.
2. Push the stud of the tie rod end through the bottom of the bore
Figure 8.24.
in the knuckle arm tapered hole. Tighten the cross tube nut to
the correct torque. Refer to Section 10. Figure 8.24
3. Install the slotted nut and cotter pin assembly.
A. Tighten the nut to the initial torque specified.
B. Advance the nut, do not back it off, to align the cotter pin.
C. Final installed torque must not exceed the maximum
specified.
MAXIMUM
앫 If the final torque exceeds the maximum: Remove TURNING
ANGLE
the nut and reinstall it to the correct specification. FULL TURN
POSITION
앫 If the minimum torque is not met: Check if the stud
STOP
taper is showing. If necessary, shim with a 0.125-inch SCREW AND
(3.18 mm) washer. JAM NUT 4000795a
4. Install the cotter pin. Figure 8.24
5. Assemble the wheel, tire and rim, to the drum. Tighten the
wheel nuts to the manufacturer’s specifications. Power Steering
CAUTION
Adjustment Meritor does not permit any power steering system that does
not have a pressure relief or positive mechanical stop to be set
Steering Stop Setting
before the maximum turn angle is reached. The power units
All Meritor front drive steer axles are shipped with the steering stop must be stopped before the axle stop touches the housing to
screws preset at the factory according to the manufacturer’s prevent stress to the axle components. Damage to
specifications. Additional adjustments can be made by the vehicle components can result.
manufacturer or end user to accommodate a specific chassis design
or tire size as long as the maximum angle does not exceed the Mechanical Relief
U-joint capability.
Vehicles with mechanical Pitman arm stops or cylinder stops must
NOTE: Check the adjustments of both axle steering stops and be adjusted to end the travel of the Pitman arm or cylinder
power steering units every time part of the steering system is 0.125-inch (3.18 mm) before the steering stop screw touches the
disassembled. housing. Maximum turn angle is then controlled by the arm or
cylinder stop, not the axle stop. Make the adjustments for both
Maximum Turn Angle Setting full-right and full-left turns. Figure 8.25.
Front Drive Steer Maximum Turn Angle of
Axle Model the U-Joint
RF-16 35
RF-21, -22, -23 35
NOTE: Do not adjust the turn angle beyond the specifications set by
the vehicle manufacturer.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 61
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
Figure 8.25 Figure 8.27
X
0.125" (3.18 MM) FRONT
CLEARANCE
MAXIMUM
TURNING
Y
ANGLE
FULL TURN Y – X = TOE-IN
POSITION 4000776a
STOP Figure 8.27
SCREW AND
JAM NUT 4000795b
NOTE: Toe-in must be measured with the weight of the vehicle on
Figure 8.25 the axle and the axle on a level floor. Use the following procedure.
Hydraulic Relief 1. Use a jack to raise the front axle.
Hydraulic steering gears or cylinders with poppet valves must be 2. Use a piece of chalk to mark the center area of both front tires
adjusted while a 0.250-0.1875-inch (6.35-4.76 mm) spacer is held around the complete circumference.
between the housing and stop screw. The poppet valves must be 3. Place a scribe or pointed instrument against the center of the
adjusted to permit pressure bypass at this position with the spacer whitened part of each tire and rotate the tires. The scribe must
in place for full-right and full-left turns. During this setting the be held in place so that a single straight line is marked all
steering gear pressure must be at a maximum 600 psi (41.4 bar). around the tire.
Figure 8.26.
4. Place a full-floating turning radius gauge plate under each
Figure 8.26
wheel. Lower the vehicle and remove the lock pins from the
gauge plates.
0.250-0.875" 앫 If full-floating gauge plates are not available: Lower
(6.350-4.762 MM) the vehicle to the floor and move the vehicle backward
SPACER
approximately six feet (1.8 m) and then forward for the
same distance.
MAXIMUM 5. Set the slide scale end of a trammel bar to ZERO and lock the
TURNING
ANGLE
scale in place.
FULL TURN
POSITION 6. Place the trammel bar at the rear of the tires. Adjust the pointer
STOP to line up with the scribe lines on the tires. Lock the pointers in
SCREW AND place. The sliding scale still must be set on ZERO. Figure 8.28.
JAM NUT 4000795c
Figure 8.26 Figure 8.28
Wheel Toe-In
Toe-in must be checked and adjusted on all front drive axles after
the axle is installed in the vehicle. Figure 8.27.
4000777a
Figure 8.28
62 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
8 Cam Brake Assembly and Installation
7. Place the trammel bar at the front of the tires. Adjust the Figure 8.31
pointer to line up with the scribe lines. Figure 8.29.
Figure 8.29
5-10° 35°
4000797a
4000778a
Figure 8.31
Figure 8.29
4. Verify that the cross tube drop center does not interfere with
8. Read the toe-in or toe-out from the scale. In a vehicle, toe-in the carrier or other vehicle components. Larger axles should
must be: have the drop center inclined at 5-10 degrees to vertical for
optimum clearance at maximum turn conditions. Figure 8.31.
앫 Unloaded: 0.06 ± 0.31-inch (1.59 ± 0.79 mm)
5. Check the toe-in measurement again to verify that it is within
앫 Loaded: 0.31 ± 0.31-inch (0.79 ± 0.79 mm) the correct limits.
9. If toe-in adjustment is necessary, use the following procedure.
Figure 8.30.
Figure 8.30
SLEEVE ADJUSTABLE
TIE ROD
4000796a
Figure 8.30
Axles with Sleeve Adjustable Cross Tubes
1. Loosen the tie rod clamp located on the sleeve side of the
tie rod.
2. Rotate the sleeve to set toe-in or toe-out.
3. Tighten the clamp to the correct torque. Refer to Section 10.
Figure 8.31.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 63
9 Lubrication
Hazard Alert Messages Seals
9 Lubrication
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
CAUTION
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
Always use the correct tools and procedures when replacing
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
seals to ensure correct installation and help prevent seals
from leaking.
WARNING
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
Seals keep lubricant in and dirt out of a component. When they are
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. worn or damaged, seals leak and produce low lubricant levels which
may damage components.
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with Durable triple-lip seals, standard in Meritor axles, protect the quality
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by and levels of the lubricant and provide superior performance.
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
damage to components can result. Temperature Indicators
Overview CAUTION
Meritor axles can operate above 190°F (88°C) without
Drive axles generate small metal wear particles at a fairly steady damage. However, if the oil temperature reaches 250°F
rate, especially during the break-in period. If these fine, but hard (121°C), stop the vehicle immediately and check for the cause
particles are allowed to circulate in the lubricant, along with external of overheating. Damage to components can result.
moisture and dirt, internal components will wear at a much faster
rate than normal. Many Meritor axles have a tapped hole in the housing for the
installation of a lubricant temperature indicator that will help reduce
Magnets and Magnetic Drain Plugs
the failure of axle parts from overheated oil.
Front drive axles are equipped with magnetic drain plugs that have a
minimum pick-up capacity of 1.5 pounds (0.7 kilograms) of low Check and Adjust
carbon steel.
The magnetic drain plug can be reused if, after cleaning, the plug
Oil Level
has a minimum pick-up capacity of 1.5 pounds (0.7 kilograms) of 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface.
low carbon steel. 2. Remove the fill plug from the axle.
Inspect the magnetic drain plug each time the oil is changed. Use 3. The oil level must be even with the bottom of the fill plug hole.
the correct part. Pipe plugs will leak if used as a drain plug.
앫 If oil flows from the hole when the plug is loosened:
Breather The oil level is high. Let the oil drain to the correct level.
앫 If the oil level is below the bottom of the fill plug hole:
CAUTION
Add the specified oil.
Cover the breather when steam cleaning the housing to
prevent water from entering the housing and contaminating 4. Install and tighten the fill plug to 35-50 lb-ft (48-67 N폷m). @
the oil. Damage to components will result.
Baffle-type breathers help keep axles free from external moisture
and dirt which can cause premature oil and component failure.
64 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
9 Lubrication
Drain and Replace Axle Shaft Spline and Thrust Washer
On axles with greaseable drive flanges, pump grease through the
Oil grease fitting until it purges at the axle shaft seal. Figure 9.1.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Place a large container
under the axle. Figure 9.1
2. Remove the drain plug from the bottom of the axle. Drain and
discard the oil correctly.
3. Clean, install and tighten the drain plug to 35-50 lb-ft GREASE SEAL
FITTING
(48-67 N폷m). @
4. Remove the fill plug from the axle.
5. Fill the axle to the bottom of the fill plug hole with the specified
oil. Allow enough time for oil to circulate through the axle
assembly. 4000798a
6. Install and tighten the fill plug to 35-50 lb-ft (48-67 N폷m). @ Figure 9.1
Lubrication Cross Tube End Assembly
1. Check the cross tube for looseness of more than 0.060-inch
Knuckle King Pins (1.52 mm). Figure 9.2. If loose, service as necessary.
With the vehicle weight on the wheel end, pump grease through the
grease fittings located on the upper cap or steering arm and lower Figure 9.2
cap assemblies. Grease should purge through the seals and thrust
KNUCKLE BUSHING
bearing. GREASE FITTING
Camshaft Retainer Bushing and Cam Bushing
Pump grease until it purges through the seals.
DRIVE
FLANGE
Drive Axle Shaft Universal Joint GREASE
FITTING
1. Permanently-lubricated Permalube™ drive shaft joints do not
have a grease fitting provided. Periodic greasing is not required
for these parts. For serviceable universal joints with grease
CROSS TUBE
fittings, follow Step 2 through Step 3. GREASE FITTING 4000799a
2. Clean all grease fittings prior to lubrication.
Figure 9.2
3. Apply the specified grease at the grease fitting on the universal
joint. Apply grease until new grease purges from all the seals. 2. Apply the specified grease at the grease fitting on the cross
tube. Apply grease until new grease purges from all the seals.
앫 If new grease does not purge at every seal: Move the
drive shaft while applying grease at the fittings until new 앫 If new grease does not purge at the seals: Move the
grease purges at every seal. cross tube while applying grease at the fittings until new
grease purges from all the seals.
앫 If new grease still does not purge: Disassemble the
universal joint. Inspect the grease and the components. 앫 If new grease still does not purge: Disassemble the
Service as necessary. cross tube. Inspect the grease and the components.
Service as necessary.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 65
9 Lubrication
Knuckle Bushing Figure 9.3
GREASE
1. Check the knuckle for looseness. The correct end play is FITTING
0.005-0.015-inch (0.127-0.381 mm). Figure 9.2. If loose,
service as necessary.
2. Clean all grease fittings prior to lubrication.
3. Apply the specified grease at the grease fitting on the knuckle
until new grease purges from all the seals. Grease the lower
pin cap with the vehicle weight on the wheel end to ensure that
the thrust bearing is completely greased.
앫 If new grease does not purge at the seals: Move the
knuckle while applying grease at the fittings until new
grease purges at the seals.
앫 If new grease still does not purge: Disassemble the 4000800a
knuckle. Inspect the grease and the components. Service
as necessary. Figure 9.3
Greasing Wheel Bearings Figure 9.4
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
the vehicle from moving.
2. Use a jack to raise the vehicle so that the wheels to be serviced
are off the ground. Support the vehicle with safety stands. GREASE
FITTING
3. Remove the tire and wheel assembly. Remove and
disassemble the hub.
4. Use the correct cleaning solvent to remove the old grease from
all parts. Discard the seals. Inspect the wheel bearings for
wear and damage. Replace worn or damaged bearings.
4000801a
5. Before installing the wheel bearings, lubricate the bearing
journals on the spindle with the grease that is used for the Figure 9.4
bearings. Figure 9.3 and Figure 9.4.
6. Use a pressure packer to force the specified grease from the 7. Install the inner and outer bearing cones into the cups in the
large end of the cones into the cavities between the rollers and hubs. The bearing cups must be pressed tight against the
cage. Pack the hub between the bearing cups with grease to shoulder in the hubs.
the level of the smallest diameter of the cups. 8. Install new wheel seals into the hubs.
앫 If a pressure packer is not available: Grease the 9. Install the hub and the wheel and tire assembly. Install the
bearings by hand. outer wheel bearing cone into the hub. Install the adjusting nut.
10. Adjust the wheel bearings.
66 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
9 Lubrication
Specifications
Front Drive Axle Oil Change Intervals and Specifications*
Initial Oil Change No longer required as of January 1, 1993
Check Oil Level Every 5,000 miles (8000 km), once a month, or the fleet maintenance interval, whichever comes first
Petroleum Oil Change Every 25,000 miles (40 000 km) or annually, whichever comes first1
Synthetic Oil Change Every 50,000 miles (80 000 km) or annually, whichever comes first
1
For continuous heavy-duty operation, check the oil level every 1,000 miles (1600 km). Add the correct type and amount of oil as required.
Outside Temperature
Military
Specification °F °C
Meritor Specifications Approval Oil Description Min. Max. Min. Max.
O-76-A, Gear Oil MIL-PRF-2105-E GL-5, SAE 85W/140 10 None − 12 None
O-76-D, Gear Oil and GL-5, SAE 80W/90 − 15 None − 26 None
O-76-E, Gear Oil SAE J2360 GL-5, SAE 75W/90 − 40 None − 40 None
O-76-J, Gear Oil GL-5, SAE 75W − 40 35 − 40 2
O-76-L, Gear Oil GL-5, SAE 75W/140 − 40 None − 40 None
O-76-M, Full-Synthetic Oil GL-5, SAE 75W/140 − 40 None − 40 None
O-76-N, Full-Synthetic Oil GL-5, SAE 75W/90 − 40 None − 40 None
*If the front drive axle is the only axle on the vehicle, change the oil every 15,000 miles (24 000 km) or 1,000 hours of operation, whichever comes first.
Front Drive Axle Greasing Change Intervals and Specifications
Meritor NLGI Outside
Component Greasing Intervals Grease Specification Grade Grease Classification Temperature
Cross Tube End 3,000 miles Multi-Purpose O-617-A 1 or 2 Lithium Refer to the
Assemblies, (4800 km) or Grease or 12-Hydroxy Stearate grease
Knuckle Bushings 200 hours of or Lithium Complex manufacturer’s
and Drive Flange operation, whichever O-617-B specifications for
U-Joints comes first U-Joint Grease O-634-B 2 Lithium 12-Hydroxy plus the temperature
molybdenum disulfide service limits.
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 67
9 Lubrication
Wheel-End Oil Change Intervals and Specifications
Operation On-Highway Off-Highway
Check Oil Level 1,000 miles (1600 km) 1,000 miles (1600 km)
Petroleum Oil Change Whichever comes first. Seals replaced. Whichever comes first. Seals replaced.
Brakes relined. 100,000 miles (160 000 km). Brakes relined. Once a year.
Once a year.
Synthetic Oil Change — —
Outside Temperature
Military
Specifications °F °C
Meritor Specifications Approval Oil Description Min. Max. Min. Max.
O-76-A, Gear Oil MIL-PRF-2105-E GL-5, SAE 85W/140 10 None − 12 None
O-76-D, Gear Oil and GL-5, SAE 80W/90 − 15 None − 26 None
O-76-E, Gear Oil SAE J2360 GL-5, SAE 75W/90 − 40 None − 40 None
O-76-J, Gear Oil GL-5, SAE 75 − 40 35 − 40 2
O-76-M, Full-Synthetic Oil GL-5, SAE 75W/140 − 40 None − 40 None
O-76-N, Full-Synthetic Oil GL-5, SAE 75W/90 − 40 None − 40 None
Heavy-Duty Engine Oil MIL-L-2104D, E or F A.P.I.-CD, -CE, -SF, or 10 None − 12 None
-SG, SAE, SAE 40 or
501
Heavy-Duty Engine Oil MIL-L-2104D, E or F A.P.I.-CD, -CE, -SF, or − 15 None − 26 None
-SG, SAE 302
1
Current designations are acceptable. Multi-weight engine oils are acceptable if the SAE rating ends in a 40 or 50.
2
Current designations are acceptable. Multi-weight engine oils are acceptable if the SAE rating ends in a 30.
Wheel-End Axle Greasing Intervals and Specifications
Meritor Grease Outside
Greasing Intervals Grease Specification NLGI Grade Classification Temperature
Whichever comes first: Multi-Purpose O-617-A 1 or 2 Lithium Refer to the
앫 Replacing Seals Grease (preferred) 12-Hydroxy grease
or Stearate or manufacturer’s
앫 Relining Brakes Lithium specifications
앫 On-Highway: 30,000 miles O-617-B
Complex for the
(48 000 km) (acceptable)
temperature
앫 On/Off Highway and Off-Highway: service limits.
Twice a year
68 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
10 Specifications
Torque Specifications
10 Specifications
Wedge Brake Fastener Torque Specifications
Figure 10.1
2
1A 1
AUXILIARY VIEW
OF STUD DESIGN
JAM
NUT 10
11 12
LOCK
6
RING
ADJUSTING
NUT
5
4
4000802a
Figure 10.1
Table G: Wedge Brake Fastener Torque Chart
Wrench Torque
Item Fastener Thread Size (Inches) Lb-Ft N폷m
1 Capscrew — Upper 3/4-10 310-400 420-542
Knuckle Cap 1.0-8 775-1000 1052-1355
1A Stud Nut — Upper 3/4-10 375-415 508-563
Knuckle Cap
21 Nut — Steering Arm2 1.0-14 390-525 (initial) 529-712
725 (after assembly) 983
1-1/4-12 775-1050 (initial) 1050-1424
1450 (after assembly) 1965
31 Nut — Steering Arm Ball 3/4-16 90-120 (initial) 122-163
170 (after assembly) 231
7/8-14 160-215 (initial) 217-292
300 (after assembly) 407
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 69
10 Specifications
Table G: Wedge Brake Fastener Torque Chart (cont’d.)
Wrench Torque
Item Fastener Thread Size (Inches) Lb-Ft N폷m
4 Capscrew — Lower 3/4-10 310-400 420-542
Knuckle Cap
5 Flathead Screw — Drum 1/2-13 15-30 20-41
Mounting
6 Capscrew — Brake 5/8-11 180-230 244-312
Mounting
7 Capscrew — Hubcap 3/8-24 40-55 54-75
8 Capscrew — Drive 1/2-13 85-115 115-156
Flange 5/8-11 180-230 244-312
9 Wheel Nut 1-5/16-12 Refer to manufacturer’s specifications.
10 Jam Nut — Stop Screw 3/4-10 180-230 244-312
1
11 Nut — Cross Tube End 7/8-14 160-215 (initial) 217-292
300 (after assembly) 407
12 Locknut — Cross Tube 1/2-20 35-50 47-68
Clamp 1/2-13 40-50 54-68
5/8-18 35-50 47-68
5/8-11 50-60 68-81
1
Refer to the slotted nut and cotter pin assembly procedure below.
2
IMPORTANT: The correct torque must be reached on steering arms. Torques below minimum will not seat the tapers correctly and will reduce service life.
Wheel Bearing Adjustment Slotted Nut and Cotter Pin Assembly Procedure
1. Tighten the adjusting nut to 50 lb-ft (68 N폷m) while the hub is 1. Tighten the nut to the initial torque specified.
being rotated to be sure that all bearing surfaces are in contact.
2. Advance the nut to align the cotter pin. Do not back it off.
Figure 10.1. @
3. Final installed torque must not exceed the maximum specified.
2. Back off the adjusting nut 1/6 to 1/3 turn.
앫 If final torque exceeds the maximum: Remove the nut
3. Assemble the lock ring and jam nut. Tighten the jam nut to the and reinstall to the correct specification.
torque specified in Table H. The resulting end play must be
within 0.001-0.005-inch (0.025-0.127 mm). @
Table H
Nut Size Torque, lb-ft (N폷m)
1-1/8–2-5/8″ 200-300 (272-407)
Over 2-5/8″ 250-400 (340-542)
70 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
10 Specifications
Cam Brake Fastener Torque Specifications
Figure 10.2
11
16
CAM BRAKE ONLY
18
7 21
6
19
20 17
13
15 12
14
4000803a
ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12 71
10 Specifications
Table I: Cam Brake Fastener Torque Chart
Wrench Torque
Item Fastener Thread Size (Inches) Lb-Ft N폷m
1 Upper Knuckle Cap 3/4-10 310-400 420-542
Lower Knuckle Cap 1-8 775-1000 1052-1355
2 Steering Arm Nut 1-1/4-12 775-1050 (initial) 1050-1424
1450 (after assembly) 1965
3 Steering Arm Ball Nut 7/8-14 160-215 (initial) 217-292
300 (after assembly) 407
4 Drum Mounting Flathead 1/2-13 15-30 20-41
Screw
5 Spindle and Brake 5/8-11 180-230 244-312
Attachment Capscrew
6 Hubcap 3/8-16 35-50 47-68
7 Drive Flange 5/8-11 180-230 244-312
8 Wheel Nut 1-1/8-16 Refer to manufacturer’s specifications.
1-3/16-12
9 Stop Screw Jam Nut 3/4-10 180-230 244-312
10 Tie Rod End Nut 7/8-14 160-215 (initial) 217-292
300 (after assembly) 407
11 Tie Rod Clamp Sleeve 5/8-11 80-90 108-122
Adjuster Locknut
12 Brake Chamber Bracket 5/8-11 180-230 244-312
Capscrew
13 Brake Chamber 5/8-11 100-115 136-156
Attachment Nut
14 Camshaft Retainer 1/2-13 90-120 122-163
Bracket Capscrew
15 Camshaft Retainer 3/8-16 35-50 47-68
Self-Tapping Screw
16 Dust Shield Attachment 3/8-16 35-50 47-68
Capscrew
17 Housing Drain Plug 3/4-14 25 minimum 34
18 Heat Indicator 3/4-14 25 minimum 34
19 Breather Assembly 3/8-18 20 minimum 27
20 Carrier Bolts 5/8-11 185-235 251-319
5/8-18 210-270 285-366
21 Housing Oil Fill Plug 3/4-14 35 minimum 47.5
NOTE: The correct torque must be reached on steering arms.
Torques below minimum will not seat the tapers correctly and will
reduce service life.
72 ArvinMeritor Maintenance Manual 12
Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, LLC
2135 West Maple Road Printed in USA
Troy, MI 48084 USA
800-535-5560 Copyright 2007 Revised 10-07
arvinmeritor.com ArvinMeritor, Inc. Maintenance Manual 12 (16579/22882)
Maintenance Manual 5L
Single-Reduction Forward Differential
Carriers on Tandem and Tridem Axles
Revised 11-06
Service Notes
About This Manual ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center
This manual provides maintenance and service information for the Call ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center at 800-535-5560.
Meritor forward tandem drive axles, including the RT-140; -144;
-145; -149; -160; -169; RZ-166; -186 and -188 Series models. Technical Electronic Library DVD
The DriveTrain Plus™ by ArvinMeritor Technical Electronic Library
Before You Begin DVD contains product and service information for most Meritor and
Meritor WABCO products. Specify TP-9853.
1. Read and understand all instructions and procedures before
you begin to service components.
How to Obtain Tools and Supplies
2. Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert
messages in this publication. They provide information that can Specified in This Manual
help prevent serious personal injury, damage to components, Call ArvinMeritor’s Commercial Vehicle Aftermarket at
or both. 888-725-9355 to obtain Meritor tools and supplies.
3. Follow your company’s maintenance and service, installation, SPX Kent-Moore, 28635 Mound Road, Warren, Michigan, 48092.
and diagnostics guidelines. Call the company’s customer service center at 800-345-2233, or
4. Use special tools when required to help avoid serious personal visit their website at spxkentmoore.com.
injury and damage to components. Kiene Diesel Accessories, Inc., 325 S. Fairbanks Street, Addison, IL
60101. Call the company’s customer service center at
Hazard Alert Messages and Torque 800-264-5950, or visit their website at kienediesel.com.
Symbols SPX/OTC Service Solutions, 655 Eisenhower Drive, Owatonna, MN
55060. Call the company’s customer service center at
WARNING 800-533-6128, or visit their website at otctools.com.
A Warning alerts you to an instruction or procedure that you
must follow exactly to avoid serious personal injury and
damage to components.
CAUTION
A Caution alerts you to an instruction or procedure that you
must follow exactly to avoid damage to components.
@ This symbol alerts you to tighten fasteners to a specified torque
value.
How to Obtain Additional Maintenance
and Service Information
On the Web
Visit Literature on Demand at meritorhvs.com to access product,
service, aftermarket, and warranty literature for ArvinMeritor’s truck,
trailer and specialty vehicle components.
Information contained in this publication was in effect at the time the publication was
approved for printing and is subject to change without notice or liability. Meritor Heavy
Vehicle Systems, LLC, reserves the right to revise the information presented or to
discontinue the production of parts described at any time.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
Contents
pg. 1 Section 1: Exploded Views pg. 25 Prevent Corrosion on Cleaned Parts
Single-Reduction Forward Differential Carrier Inspect Parts
27 Repair or Replace Parts
4 Section 2: Introduction
28 Welding on Axle Housings
Description
29 Do Not Bend or Straighten a Damaged Drive Axle Housing
Forward Tandem Axle
Removing Fasteners Secured with Adhesive
Axle Models Covered in This Manual
New Fasteners with Pre-Applied Adhesive
Optional Pressurized Lubrication System
Original or Used Fasteners
Optional Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock (DCDL)
Meritor Specification 2297-T-4180 Adhesive in the
5 Inter-Axle Main Differential (IAD)
Differential Bearing Bores
Stall-Testing Can Damage a Drive Axle
30 Carrier-to-Housing Joint Sealing Procedure
Use of Traction Chains
31 General Yoke and U-Joint Reassembly
Identification
Identification
Model Number
Gear Sets
7 Section 3: Removal and Disassembly 32 Check for Mismatched Ratios on Tandem Axles
Removal Hypoid Gear Set Ratios Listed on the Identification Tags
Axle Shaft Removal Methods Rotate the Forward Driveshaft to Check the Hypoid Gear
8 Axle Shafts from the Axle Housing Set Ratio
10 Thru-Shaft 33 Hypoid Gear Set Teeth Numbers Stamped on the Forward
Differential Carrier from the Axle Housing and Rear Axle Drive Pinions
11 Disassembly 34 Verify the Actual Hypoid Gear Set Ratios
Thru-Shaft and Output Bearing Cage Assembly 35 Inspection
12 Removal Yoke
Bearing Cone from the Thru-Shaft Tire Matching for Tandem and Tridem Axles
13 Measure Ring Gear Backlash
37 Section 5: Assembly and Installation
Input Shaft and Inter-Axle Differential Assembly
Installation
15 Disassembly
Installing the Drive Pinion and Adjusting Pinion Depth and
Input Shaft, Bearing Cage, Oil Pump and Inter-Axle
Preload
Differential
Adjustment
18 Removal
Shim Pack Thickness for a New Drive Pinion
Inter-Axle Differential Lock IAD Shift Unit
38 Assembly
19 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock (DCDL)
Drive Pinion Assembly
Main Differential Case and Ring Gear Assembly
40 Installation
21 Disassembly
Drive Pinion Assembly
Main Differential Case and Ring Gear
Adjustment
Removal
Drive Pinion Bearing Preload
Ring Gear from the Differential Case
45 Assembly
22 Drive Pinion Assembly
Main Differential and Ring Gear
Before You Work on a Differential Carrier
47 Check the Rotating Resistance of the Differential Assembly
Assembly Procedures
48 Installation
24 Section 4: Prepare Parts for Assembly Main Differential Case and Ring Gear Assembly Into the
Clean, Dry and Inspect Parts Carrier
Clean and Inspect Yokes 49 Adjustment
25 Clean Ground and Polished Parts Differential Bearings Preload
Clean Rough Parts 51 Ring Gear Runout
Clean Axle Assemblies 52 Ring Gear Backlash
Drying Parts After Cleaning 53 Gear Set Tooth Contact Patterns, Backlash
Contents
pg. 56 Installation pg. 102 Carrier Repair Stand
Thrust Screw (If Equipped) 103 How to Make a Yoke Bar
57 Air Shift Unit for the Inter-Axle Differential Lock Unitized Pinion Seals and Seal Drivers
58 Assembly
105 Section 11: Vehicle Towing Instructions
Input Shaft, Bearing Cage, Oil Pump and Inter-Axle
Type of Axle
Differential
Forward Tandem Axle, with Driver-Controlled Main
63 Installation
Differential Lock (DCDL — Screw-In DCDL Shift
Input Shaft Assembly
Assembly) and with Inter-Axle Differential (IAD)
64 Inspection
107 Forward Tandem Axle, with Driver-Controlled Main
Adjust the Input Bearing End Play
Differential Lock (DCDL — Bolt-On DCDL Shift
66 Installation
Assembly) and with Inter-Axle Differential (IAD)
Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
109 Forward Tandem Axle, without Driver-Controlled Main
Output Bearings and Thru-Shaft
Differential Lock (DCDL), with Inter-Axle Differential
67 Inspection
(IAD)
Adjust the Output Bearing End Play
Installation 111 Section 12: Diagnostics
Unitized Pinion Seal Troubleshooting
69 Installing a Multiple-Lip Seal (MLS) Vehicle Will Not Move
73 Clean and Inspect the Yoke After Installing a Unitized 113 Differential Making Noise
Pinion Seal 115 Oil Leak
74 Tight Fit Yokes and POSE™ Seal 116 Contaminated Lubricant Found During Preventive
Output Yoke or Flange and Oil Seal for the Output Bearing Maintenance
Cage
76 Differential Carrier into the Axle Housing
78 Axle Shaft
80 Fill the Axle with Lubricant
81 Section 6: Driver-Controlled Main
Differential Lock
Description
Removal
Differential Carrier from the Axle Housing
Engagement or Lockout of the DCDL
83 Differential and Gear Assembly and Main Differential Lock
86 Installation
Differential Shift Assembly
91 Differential Lock Assembly Cover Plates
Differential Carrier Into the Forward Axle Housing
93 Check the Differential Lock
DCDL Driver Caution Label
Technical Publications
94 Section 7: Lubrication
Specifications
96 Section 8: Specifications
100 Section 9: Adjustment
102 Section 10: Special Tools
Specifications
1 Exploded Views
Single-Reduction Forward Differential Carrier
1 Exploded Views
Item Description Item Description Item Description
1 Nut — Input Yoke 35 Ring Gear and Drive Pinion 70 Shift Shaft — Main Differential Lock
1A Washer — Input Yoke 36 Inner Bearing Cone — Drive Pinion 70A Shift Shaft — Main Differential Lock —
2 Input Yoke 37 Inner Bearing Cup — Drive Pinion Current Design
3 Deflector 38 Shims 71 Piston — Main Differential Lock
4 Capscrew — Cage-to-Carrier 39 Inner Spacer 71A Piston — Main Differential Lock —
Current Design
5 Washer — Cage-to-Carrier 40 Helical Driven Gear
72 O-Ring — Piston
6 Oil Seal — Triple-Lip (Main) Seal 41 Outer Spacer
72A O-Ring — Piston — Current Design
6A POSE™ Seal 42 Outer Bearing Cup — Drive Pinion
73 DCDL Cylinder — Shift Shaft
7 Input Bearing Cage 43 Outer Bearing Cone — Drive Pinion
73A DCDL Cylinder — Shift Shaft — Current
8 Shims 44 Washer — Drive Pinion
Screw-In DCDL Design
9 O-Ring — Input Bearing Cage 45 Nut — Drive Pinion
74 Copper Gasket — Cover (160 Series)
10 Bearing Cup — Input Shaft 46 Cover — Drive Pinion
75 Capscrew — Manual Engaging
11 Bearing Cone — Input Shaft 47 Washer — Drive Pinion Cover
75A Capscrew — Manual Engaging — Current
12 Oil Baffle (Units Without Oil Pump) 48 Capscrew — Drive Pinion Cover Design
13 Washer — Oil Baffle 49 Bearing Adjusting Ring 76 Cover — Main Differential Lock (Early
14 Capscrew — Oil Baffle 50 Cup — Main Differential Bearing Design)
15 Input Shaft 51 Cone — Main Differential Bearing 77 Plug — Manual Engaging (Early Design)
16 Thrust Washer — Helical Drive Gear 52 Capscrew — Main Differential Case 78 Washer — Manual Engaging Capscrew
17 Helical Drive Gear Halves 79 Capscrew — Cover (Early Design)
18 Inter-Axle Differential Case Assembly 53 Washer — Main Differential Case Halves 80 Washer — Cover (Early Design)
19 Snap Ring — Inter-Axle Differential Case 54 Main Differential Case Assembly 81 Shift Collar — Main Differential Lock
20 Clutch Collar — Inter-Axle Differential 55 Bolt — Ring Gear (145 and 160 Series) 82 Shift Fork — Main Differential Lock
Case 56 Washer — Differential Bearing Cap 82A Shift Fork — Main Differential Lock —
21 Rear Side Gear 57 Capscrew — Differential Bearing Cap Current Design
22 Shift Fork 58 Roll Pin, Cotter Pin or Capscrew — 83 Roll Pin — Shift Fork (Early Design)
23 Bearing Cone — Rear Side Gear Differential Bearing Cap 84 Oil Filter Shield
24 Bearing Cup — Rear Side Gear 59 Thrust Washer — Main Differential Side 85 Plug — Oil Pressure Relief Valve
Gear
25 Adjusting Screw — Shift Shaft 86 Washer — Oil Pressure Relief Valve
60 Side Gear — Main Differential
26 Jam Nut — Adjusting Screw 87 Spring — Oil Pressure Relief Valve
61 Spider — Main Differential
27 Spring — Shift Shaft 88 Oil Pressure Relief Valve
62 Pinion Gear — Main Differential
28 Shift Shaft and Piston 89 Dowel — Input Cage to Oil Pump (Early
63 Thrust Washer — Main Differential Design)
28A “E” Clip (Reverse Shift IAD Only)
63A NoSPIN® Main Differential * 90 O-Ring — Oil Pump
29 Air Shift Chamber Assembly — Bolt-On
IAD 64 Washer — Ring Gear (145 and 160 91 Oil Pump
Series)
29A Air Shift Chamber Assembly — Screw-In 92 Washer — Oil Pump
IAD 65 Nut — Ring Gear (145 and 160 Series)
93 Capscrew — Oil Pump
30 Capscrew — Air Shift Chamber Assembly 66 Sensor Switch — Main Differential Lock
94 Oil Filter
31 Differential Carrier and Caps 67 Locknut — Main Differential Lock Sensor
95 Adapter — Oil Filter
Switch (Early Design)
32 Washer — Differential Carrier-to-Axle 96 Oil Screen and Plug Assembly
Housing 68 Spring — Main Differential Lock
68A Spring — Main Differential Lock — * NoSPIN® is a registered trademark of Tractech,
33 Nut — Differential Carrier-to-Axle Housing
Current Design a division of Dyneer Corp.
34 Capscrew — Differential Carrier-to-Axle
Housing 69 Lock Pin — Spring Retaining (Early Design)
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 1
1 Exploded Views
Figure 1.1
93
92
88 91
INPUT WITH 89 90
OIL PUMP PARTS 86 87 7
85 15
84
15
14
11 12
10
9
8
7
6
6A
13
5
4
3
2
1A
1
STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL
CARRIER WITHOUT DIFFERENTIAL
LOCK AND WITHOUT OIL PUMP
29
26 30
31
25 27 28
24 72 A
23 71 A
19
18
17 28 A
16 29 A
21 32
20 34
22
33 32
35
36 82 A
37
38 L.H. SIDE
48 39
40
41
42
43
44 31
47 46 45 71
83
82 74
81 80
94 69 70
95
72
73 79
OIL PUMP
PARTS 68 75
75 A 76 78
77
96 66
67 70 A
DIFFERENTIAL
68 A 72 A 71 A 73 A LOCK PARTS 1003392a
2 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
1 Exploded Views
Figure 1.2
58 58 57
49 63
65
50
51 64
54 62
59 56
60 31
61 55 53 52
59
51 50 49
R.H. SIDE
60
54
63 A 35
CURRENT DCDL EARLY DESIGN DCDL
68
71
68 A 75 A 74
70 A 80
72 A 70
67 69
71 A 72
73 79
73 A 75
76
78 77
NoSPIN® ASSEMBLY OIL PUMP
92 93
91
90
15
63 A
54 MAIN DIFFERENTIAL
CASE ASSEMBLY
PLAIN
CASE HALF
GEAR
CASE HALF
1002701c
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 3
2 Introduction
Description Axle Models Covered in This Manual
2 Introduction
Forward Tandem Axle Tandem Models
RT-34-140 RT-40-145P RT-46-160
The inter-axle differential is located behind the helical gear on the
input shaft. The forward side gear of the inter-axle differential is part RT-34-144 RT-40-149 RT-46-160EH
of the upper helical gear hub. The thru-shaft is splined to the rear RT-34-145 RT-40-160 RT-46-160P
side gear of the inter-axle differential. Figure 2.1. RT-34-145P RT-40-169 RT-46-169
RT-40-140 RT-44-145 RT-50-160
Figure 2.1
HELICAL MT-40-143 RT-44-145P RT-50-160P
OIL GEAR
PUMP INTER-AXLE RT-40-145 RT-46-16H EH RT-52-160P
INPUT DIFFERENTIAL
SHAFT OUTPUT RT-40-145A
SHAFT
Tridem Models
RZ-166 RZ-186 RZ-188
NOTE: For service procedures on rear carriers, refer to
Maintenance Manual 5, Single-Reduction Differential Carriers, for
RING
models preceding RS-, RT- and RF-Series, and Maintenance Manual
DRIVE GEAR 5A, Single-Reduction Differential Carriers, for MX-, RS-, RT- and
PINION 1002702c RF-Series. To obtain these publications, refer to the Service Notes
Figure 2.1 page on the front inside cover of this manual.
The Meritor 140, 145 and 160 forward tandem axles use a Optional Pressurized Lubrication System
single-reduction, thru-drive carrier. The drive gearing is a The forward axles can be equipped with an optional pressurized
two-helical gear train and a hypoid ring gear and pinion. Bevel gears lubrication system. This filtered system has an oil pump driven by
are used in the main differential and the inter-axle differential. the input shaft. The pump circulates lubricant to the journals in the
Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2. forward and rear input shaft bearings and directly to the inter-axle
differential.
Figure 2.2
RT-160 SERIES SHOWN Optional Driver-Controlled Main Differential
Notch on inter-axle Lock (DCDL)
differential case.
Notches are provided Both the forward and rear axles can be equipped with an optional
for clearance in driver-controlled main differential lock (DCDL). The differential lock
assembly and is operated by an air-actuated shift unit located on the forward
disassembly. axle carrier.
앫 When the differential lock is activated, the shift collar moves
HELICAL along the splines of the axle shaft toward the differential case.
DRIVEN
GEAR 1002703c 앫 When the collar splines engage with the splines on the
differential case, the axle shaft and the differential assembly lock
Figure 2.2 together.
앫 When the carrier operates with the DCDL in the locked position,
there is no differential action between the wheels.
앫 When the carrier is operated in the unlocked position, there is
normal differential action between the wheels at all times.
4 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
2 Introduction
Inter-Axle Main Differential (IAD) Figure 2.3
AXLE IDENTIFICATION TAG INFORMATION
The Meritor inter-axle differential (IAD) is a driver-controlled,
air-actuated traction device. The IAD allows for speed differences
Model No. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
between the forward and rear axles in a tandem while also providing Customer No. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
equal pulling power from each axle of the tandem. By activating the
IAD switch located in the vehicle dash, improved traction is provided Serial No. . . . . . . . . Plant . . . . . . . .
Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . .
for each axle.
The inter-axle differential is also known as a power divider or third
differential. IDENTIFICATION TAG
LOCATION OF THE IDENTIFICATION TAG, OR STAMP
NUMBER, FOR THE AXLES. LOCATION IS
Stall-Testing Can Damage a Drive Axle DETERMINED FROM THE LEFT DRIVER SIDE
LOOKING TOWARD THE FRONT OF THE VEHICLE.
Stall-testing is a procedure used to troubleshoot transmissions,
A
evaluate vehicle performance, and test the service and park brakes.
During stall-testing, or any similar procedure, the drive axle input
receives multiplied torque, which can exceed the specified torque B
rating. Excessive torque can damage a drive axle, which will affect
A — FRONT ENGINE DRIVE — RIGHT REAR, NEXT
axle performance and component life. A drive axle damaged by TO COVER
stall-testing will void Meritor’s warranty. B — REAR ENGINE DRIVE — LEFT OR RIGHT REAR,
NEXT TO DRIVE UNIT
1002704c
Call ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center at 800-535-5560 if
you have questions regarding stall-testing. Figure 2.3
Use of Traction Chains Figure 2.4
Meritor recommends that if you are using traction chains, you
should install chains on both tires on each side of all drive axles on
the vehicle.
Identification AXLE HOUSING
IDENTIFICATION TAG
Model Number
CARRIER PART NO.
CUSTOMER NO.
SERIAL NO.
RATIO
. nt
l No . Pla
An identification tag is riveted on the axle housing or on the
de r No te
Mo me Da
sto .
Cu
l No
ria
Se
tio
Ra
differential carrier. Figure 2.3 and Figure 2.4. Use the model
number and the ratio number marked on the identification tag and
the number on the carrier to order replacement parts.
Model No. CARRIER PART NO.
Customer No. CUSTOMER NO.
Serial No. Plant SERIAL NO.
AXLE Ratio Date RATIO
CARRIER
IDENTIFICATION TAG IDENTIFICATION TAG
4000625a
Figure 2.4
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 5
2 Introduction
Refer to Figure 2.5 for an explanation of the model number.
Figure 2.5
CARRIER MODEL TAG NUMBER INFORMATION
R D - 23 - 1 6 0
Axle Design Variation: Indicates
axle design level or variation,
(e.g., RS-23-161 has a thicker
Meritor wall housing than RS-23-160).
(Rockwell) For information, refer to the Bill
of Materials for that specific
axle model.
Carrier Type: Carrier size. Larger numbers
indicate a higher GCW rated Carrier; i.e.,
larger ring gear, etc.
Gearing Type:
1 = Single Speed
Nominal Axle Load Rating (GAWR): In thousands of pounds.
Individual forward and rear axles of a tandem set (D, N, P) are rated
as single axles. A tandem set (T) is rated as the combination of the
two axles.
Axle Type
D = Forward-Rear Axle of a Drive Tandem with Inter-Axle Differential
N = Forward-Rear Axle of a Drive Tandem without Inter-Axle Differential
P = Forward-Rear Axle of a Drive Tandem with Inter-Axle Differential and Pump
T = Tandem Drive Axle Set
1002705e
Figure 2.5
6 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
Hazard Alert Messages Brass Drift Method
3 Removal and Disassembly
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in WARNING
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent Do not strike the round driving lugs on the flange of an axle
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both. shaft. Pieces can break off and cause serious personal injury.
WARNING 1. Hold a 1-1/2-inch diameter brass drift or brass hammer
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection against the center of the axle shaft, inside the round driving
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. lugs. Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1
Use a brass or synthetic mallet for assembly and disassembly
procedures. Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces BRASS
HAMMER
of a part can break off. Serious personal injury and damage to
components can result.
DRIVING
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press LUGS
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious
personal injury.
Removal 1002707b
Figure 3.1
Axle Shaft Removal Methods
Use Special Tools Recommended by Meritor 2. Strike the end of the drift with a large hammer, five to six
pounds, and the axle shaft and tapered dowels will loosen.
To help prevent serious personal injury and damage to components
when you remove the axle shaft from the housing, Meritor 3. Mark each axle shaft before it is removed from the axle
recommends that you use the following tools in the table below. assembly.
Refer to the Service Notes page at the front inside cover of this 4. Remove the tapered dowels and separate the axle shafts from
manual for information on how to contact the manufacturers to the main axle hub assembly. Figure 3.2.
obtain the tools.
Figure 3.2
앫 If the tools are not available when you remove the axle TAPERED
STUD
shaft: Follow procedures for using the Brass Drift Method or the NUT DOWEL
GASKET STUD
Air Vibration Method. WASHER
Tool Part Number Manufacturer
Axle Shaft Remover K-1280 Kiene Diesel
Accessories, Inc.
Axle Stud Cone Plier 7077 SPX OTC
CAPSCREW AXLE
WASHER SHAFT
SHAFT OR
FLANGE HUB
AXLE 1002708b
Figure 3.2
5. Install a cover over the open end of each axle assembly hub
where an axle shaft was removed.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 7
3 Removal and Disassembly
Air Hammer Vibration Method Axle Shafts from the Axle Housing
WARNING WARNING
Wear safe eye protection when using an air hammer. When Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
using power tools, axle components can loosen and break off prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
causing serious personal injury. safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
jacks. Jacks can slip or fall over. Serious personal injury and
CAUTION damage to components can result.
Do not use a chisel or wedge to loosen the axle shaft and
tapered dowels. Using a chisel or wedge can result in damage 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
to the axle shaft, the gasket and seal, and the axle hub. the vehicle from moving. Set the parking brake.
2. Use a jack to raise the vehicle so that the wheels to be serviced
1. Use a round hammer bit and an air hammer to loosen the
are off the ground. Support the vehicle with safety stands.
tapered dowels and axle shaft.
3. Remove the oil drain plug from the bottom of the axle housing.
2. Place the round hammer bit against the axle shaft or flange
Drain the axle lubricant from the housing assembly.
between the hub studs. Operate the air hammer at alternate
locations between the studs to loosen the tapered dowels and 4. For axles with an oil pump, remove the oil filter shield from the
axle shaft from the hub. Figure 3.3. input bearing cage.
Figure 3.3
5. Use a filter strap wrench to remove the oil filter. Be careful that
ROUND HAMMER the oil inside does not spill when removing the filter. Discard
BIT BETWEEN HUB
STUDS
the filter. Figure 3.4.
Figure 3.4
OIL
FILTER
OIL FILTER
ADAPTER
1002987c
Figure 3.3
1002706b
3. Mark each axle shaft before it is removed from the axle Figure 3.4
assembly.
4. Remove the tapered dowels and separate the axle shaft from 6. Inspect the oil filter adapter threads.
the main axle hub assembly. Figure 3.2. 앫 If the adapter threads are damaged: Remove and
replace the oil filter adapter.
8 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
7. On an axle with a driver-controlled main differential lock, shift Figure 3.5
the lock into and hold the lock in the locked or engaged 1
EASY SERVICETM
position. The locked position provides enough clearance
between the shift collar and the axle housing for carrier 9
2
removal. Refer to Section 6.
3
An alternate method to obtain clearance is to remove the cover
8 4
of the air shift unit from the differential carrier. Remove the 5
piston. Remove the shift shaft and spring from the fork. The 6
fork and the clutch collar will fall into the carrier and the carrier 7
can be removed. Remove the fork and the clutch collar after
the carrier is removed.
10
8. Disconnect the driveline universal joint from the pinion input WING SERIES
11
PERMALUBETM
yoke or flange on the carrier. Figure 3.5.
12
9. Remove the capscrews and washers or stud nuts and washers, 14
13
if equipped, from the flanges of both axle shafts.
10. Loosen the tapered dowels, if equipped, in the axle flanges of
FULL-ROUND
both axle shafts using one of the following methods. Refer to
15
the procedures in this section.
16
19 17
18
RPL SERIES,
PERMALUBETM
25 20
21
22
24
23
1002984c
1 FULL-ROUND BEARING CUPS 14 U-JOINT CROSS
2 END YOKE 15 CAPSCREWS
3 YOKE SADDLE 16 END YOKE
4 WELD YOKE 17 WELD YOKE
5 BEARING STRAP 18 SLIP YOKE
6 CAPSCREWS 19 U-JOINT CROSS
7 EASY SERVICE™ BEARING CUPS 20 CAPSCREWS
8 U-JOINT CROSS 21 END YOKE
9 SLIP YOKE 22 SLIP YOKE
10 CAPSCREWS 23 TUBING
11 END YOKE 24 U-JOINT CROSS
12 WELD YOKE 25 WELD YOKE
13 SLIP YOKE
Figure 3.5
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 9
3 Removal and Disassembly
Thru-Shaft 5. Remove the thru-shaft bearing cage capscrews and washers.
1. Disconnect the forward and rear drive shafts. 6. Pull the bearing cage, bearings and shaft assembly from the
axle housing. If necessary, loosen the cage from the housing
CAUTION with a soft mallet. Figure 3.8.
Always use a flange or yoke bar during removal and installation
Figure 3.8
of the flange yoke nut to prevent damage to the gearing. THRU-SHAFT AND
BEARING CAGE ASSEMBLY
2. Attach a flange bar to the flange or place a yoke bar over the
input or output yoke to hold the yoke or flange while you
remove the pinion nut. Figure 3.6. Refer to Section 10 to
make a yoke bar.
Figure 3.6
1002713a
Figure 3.8
Differential Carrier from the Axle Housing
1. Place a hydraulic roller jack under the differential carrier to
YOKE BAR 1003451b
support the assembly. Figure 3.9.
Figure 3.6
Figure 3.9
3. Disconnect the air lines at the inter-axle differential shift unit.
TOP TWO
4. Remove the thru-shaft nut, washer and yoke or flange. Use a FASTENERS
puller tool to remove the yoke or flange from the shaft.
Figure 3.7.
Figure 3.7
REMOVING
THE FLANGE
REMOVING
THE YOKE
ROLLER
JACK 1002714c
Figure 3.9
1002712d
Figure 3.7
2. Remove all but the top two carrier-to-housing capscrews or
stud nuts and washers. Figure 3.9.
10 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
3. Loosen, but do not remove, the top two carrier-to-housing Disassembly
fasteners. The fasteners will hold the carrier in the housing.
4. Loosen the differential carrier in the axle housing. Use a plastic Thru-Shaft and Output Bearing Cage
mallet to hit the carrier mounting flange at several points. Assembly
5. After the carrier is loosened, remove the top two stud nuts and 1. Remove and discard the original oil seal. Use a new triple-lip or
washers that hold the assembly in the axle housing. main oil seal when the carrier is assembled. Figure 3.11.
CAUTION Figure 3.11
When using a pry bar, be careful not to damage the carrier or BEARING SNAP
ASSEMBLIES RING
housing flange. Damage to these surfaces will cause oil leaks. THRU-SHAFT
6. Use the hydraulic roller jack to remove the carrier from the axle
housing. Use a pry bar that has a round end to help remove the
OUTPUT
carrier from the housing. YOKE
7. On axles with a driver-controlled main differential lock, if air
pressure is used to shift the differential to the locked or
engaged position, release the air pressure. Disconnect the air OIL
hose from the shift unit. SPACER SEAL 1002716b
Figure 3.11
NOTE: A carrier stand is available from SPX Kent-Moore. Refer to
the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual to
NOTE: If you replace either the bearing cup or the cone, replace
obtain the stand.
both parts in a fully-matched set from the same manufacturer.
8. Use a lifting tool to lift the differential carrier by the input yoke
2. Remove the external snap ring or yoke-to-cone spacer from
or flange and place the assembly in a repair stand. Do not lift
the thru-shaft.
by hand. Refer to Section 10 to make a carrier repair stand.
Figure 3.10. 3. Remove the internal snap ring that holds the bearing cup in the
output cage. Figure 3.12.
Figure 3.10
Figure 3.12
BEARING
CAGE
SNAP
RING
THRU-SHAFT
END VIEW
1002715c
1002717b
Figure 3.10
Figure 3.12
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 11
3 Removal and Disassembly
NOTE: When you press the thru-shaft from the cage, the inner cup 3. Press the thru-shaft through the bearing cones. Discard the
remains in the cage. The outer cup is removed with the thru-shaft bearing cones.
and the cones.
Bearing Puller Method
4. If necessary, remove the thru-shaft and the bearing cones as
1. Place a used bearing cup on the inner bearing cone.
an assembly from the output bearing cage.
A. Place the thru-shaft and the output bearing cage in a 2. Install a bearing puller tool onto the thru-shaft. Figure 3.15.
press. Figure 3.13. The bearing cup supports the thru-shaft.
B. Press the thru-shaft and cones from the bearing cage. Figure 3.15
C. Remove the outer cup from the thru-shaft.
Figure 3.13
PRESS
USED BEARING
CUP
1002720b
1002718b
1002718b Figure 3.15
Figure 3.13
3. Remove the bearing cones from the thru-shaft. Discard the
bearing cones.
5. Use a press or a bearing puller to remove the bearing cones
from the thru-shaft. Refer to the procedure in this section. 4. If necessary, use a brass drift and hammer to carefully tap the
inner cup from the cage. Discard the cup. Figure 3.16.
Removal
Figure 3.16
Bearing Cone from the Thru-Shaft
Press Method
1. Place a used bearing cup on the inner bearing cone.
2. Place the thru-shaft into a press. Figure 3.14. The used
bearing cup supports the thru-shaft.
Figure 3.14
PRESS
1002721b
USED BEARING
CUP Figure 3.16
1002719c
1002719c
Figure 3.14
12 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
Measure Ring Gear Backlash Figure 3.18
Before the carrier is disassembled, use a dial indicator to measure
and record ring gear backlash at three locations on the ring gear.
This will help you to correctly reassemble the ring gear and
drive pinion.
1. Rotate the carrier in the stand to access the ring gear teeth.
PINION
2. Install a dial indicator onto the flange of the carrier. Place the COVER
tip of the indicator against the drive side of a ring gear tooth.
Adjust the dial indicator to ZERO. Figure 3.17.
1002723b
Figure 3.17
Figure 3.18
DIAL
INDICATOR
3. Use the correct tool to hold the input yoke or flange. Loosen,
but do not remove, the drive pinion nut. Figure 3.19.
Figure 3.19
1002722c
Figure 3.17
3. Read the dial indicator while you slightly rotate the ring gear in
both directions. When you rotate the ring gear to measure the
1002724b
backlash, the drive pinion must not move. Record the reading
on the dial indicator. Figure 3.19
4. Repeat the procedure at two more locations on the ring gear.
4. Use the correct tool to hold the input yoke or flange. Loosen,
앫 If the smallest of the three measurements is not but do not remove, the nut that fastens the yoke or flange to
0.008-0.018-inch (0.20-0.46 mm) for 145 Series or the input shaft. Figure 3.20.
0.010-0.020-inch (0.25-0.51 mm) for 160 Series:
Replace the ring gear and drive pinion as a set. Figure 3.20
Input Shaft and Inter-Axle Differential
Assembly
1. Rotate the carrier in the stand to access the input shaft.
2. Remove the capscrews and the washers that fasten the drive
pinion cover to the differential carrier. Remove the cover.
Remove all gasket material from the cover and the differential
carrier. Figure 3.18.
1002725b
Figure 3.20
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 13
3 Removal and Disassembly
5. Remove the capscrews and washers that fasten the input B. For 160 Series carriers and 145 Series carriers
bearing cage to the differential carrier. Figure 3.21. manufactured after September 1998, slowly lift the input
shaft assembly.
Figure 3.21
앫 If the input shaft assembly comes out of the
carrier easily: Remove the assembly.
앫 If the input shaft assembly cannot be removed
easily: The inter-axle differential case must be
rotated. Rotate the input shaft until one of the notches
on the case is aligned over the helical driven gear.
Remove the input shaft assembly from the carrier.
Figure 3.23 and Figure 3.24.
C. Place the input shaft assembly on a bench.
1002726b
Figure 3.22
Figure 3.21
6. Rotate the carrier in the stand until the yoke or flange is on top.
Connect a lifting device to the input yoke.
NOTE: Paint alignment marks on the helical drive gear and the
helical driven gear before you remove the input shaft assembly from
the carrier. This will ensure exact reassembly for the original mesh
of the mated gears.
7. Paint alignment marks on the helical drive gear and the helical
driven gear.
앫 For a driven gear: Paint the ends of two adjacent teeth. 1002727b
앫 For a drive gear: Paint the top land of the matching tooth Figure 3.22
and guide it into the two painted teeth of the driven gear.
Figure 3.23
CAUTION Rotate the shaft so the notch
on the case is aligned
On all 160 Series carriers and 145 Series carriers over the teeth of the gear.
manufactured before September 1998, there are two notches HELICAL
DRIVEN INPUT
on the side of the inter-axle differential case. One of the GEAR SHAFT
notches on the case must be aligned with the helical driven
gear. If the notch is not aligned over the gear, the gear will
prevent the removal of the input shaft assembly and cause NOTCH
damage to the assembly.
8. Remove the input shaft, oil pump, if used, and inter-axle
differential from the carrier. 1002728b
A. Lift the input shaft assembly until the bearing cage is Figure 3.23
separated from the carrier. If necessary, tap on the
bearing cage with a brass or plastic mallet to separate the
cage from the carrier. Figure 3.22.
14 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
Figure 3.24 Figure 3.26
Notches on the case
must be aligned over the PRESS
INTER-AXLE
DIFFERENTIAL helical driven gear.
CASE
HELICAL
DRIVEN
GEAR
1002731c
Figure 3.26
1002729b
Figure 3.24
12. Use a brass drift and hammer to remove the cup of the rear
side gear cone from the differential side of the carrier.
9. Remove the shims from between the bearing cage and the
differential carrier.
Disassembly
10. Remove the rear side gear and the bearing cone from the
carrier. Remove the collar. Figure 3.25. Input Shaft, Bearing Cage, Oil Pump and
Figure 3.25
Inter-Axle Differential
1. Use the correct tool to remove the yoke or flange from the input
REAR SIDE
GEAR shaft. Figure 3.27. If the carrier is not equipped with an oil
pump, remove the bearing cage from the input shaft.
Figure 3.28.
Figure 3.27
1002730b
Figure 3.25
NOTE: If you replace either the bearing cup or the cone, replace YOKE
PULLER
both parts in a fully-matched set from the same manufacturer.
1002733a
11. Use a press, sleeve and bearing puller to remove the cone from
the rear side gear. Figure 3.26. Figure 3.27
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 15
3 Removal and Disassembly
Figure 3.28 Figure 3.30
10 RT-160 SHOWN
1 11 15 SNAP RING
12 13
2 16
9
4 6 8 14 NEST AND CASE
3 7
1002732b ASSEMBLY 1002735b
1 PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE 9 INPUT SHAFT Figure 3.30
ASSEMBLY 10 OIL BAFFLE — UNITS WITHOUT
2 OIL SEAL OIL PUMP
3 BEARING CAGE 11 WASHER NOTE: Disassemble the bolted inter-axle differential and inspect the
4 O-RING 12 CAPSCREWS components. The welded inter-axle differential is serviced as an
5 BEARING CUP 13 THRUST WASHER assembly and cannot be disassembled.
6 BEARING CONE 14 HELICAL DRIVE GEAR
7 O-RING 15 INTER-AXLE DIFFERENTIAL
8 OIL PUMP — UNITS WITH OIL 16 SNAP RING 4. Disassemble the bolted inter-axle differential case. Inspect the
PUMP components. Replace any damaged components.
Figure 3.28
A. Use a punch and hammer to place an alignment mark on
each half of the inter-axle differential case. The alignment
CAUTION marks will help you mate the case halves correctly during
Carefully remove the pinion seal from the yoke or carrier. Do assembly. Figure 3.31.
not damage the seal bore when you remove the seal. Damage B. Remove the capscrews that fasten the case halves of the
to components can result. inter-axle differential. Separate the case halves.
NOTE: Meritor recommends replacing all seals with the triple-lip or C. Remove the spider assembly from the case halves.
main oil seal. The addition or replacement of a POSE™ seal is also Remove the four pinion gears and the four thrust washers
highly recommended. from the spider.
Figure 3.31
2. Pry under the oil seal flange to remove the oil seal from the
input bearing cage. Discard the oil seal. Figure 3.29.
BOLTED
IAD
Figure 3.29
CASE
SHOWN
MATCH
MARKS
1002734a 1002736b
Figure 3.29 Figure 3.31
3. Remove the snap ring that fastens the inter-axle differential
assembly to the input shaft. Remove the inter-axle differential
assembly from the input shaft. Figure 3.30.
16 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
5. Remove the helical drive gear from the input shaft. Remove the Figure 3.33
thrust washer from the gear. Figure 3.32.
BEARING
PULLER
Figure 3.32
OIL
PUMP
THRUST
WASHER 1002737b
Figure 3.32 Rivets must
not touch
bearing puller.
CAUTION
1002738b
If the following procedure is not followed, the oil pump or the
bearing cage will be damaged during removal. Never apply Figure 3.33
direct pressure to the surface of the pump or the bearing cage.
Figure 3.34
6. If an oil pump is used, remove the input bearing cage and the PRESS
oil pump from the input shaft.
PROTECTOR
A. Place a bearing puller under the oil pump. The rivets on the
back of the pump must not touch the bearing puller. The BEARING
CAGE
bearing puller provides a level surface so that the shaft can
OIL
be pressed straight out of the assembly. Figure 3.33. PUMP
BEARING
B. Place the assembly on a press so that it rests on the PULLER
puller. Figure 3.34.
C. Place a protector on top of the threaded part of the shaft.
INPUT
Press the input shaft from the assembly. Remove the SHAFT
bearing puller. Figure 3.34.
1002739b
D. Remove the capscrews that fasten the oil pump to the
input bearing cage. Separate the oil pump from the cage. Figure 3.34
Figure 3.35.
Figure 3.35
E. If the pump is worn or damaged, replace the pump. If the OIL
drive flats or the splines in the pump do not move, replace PUMP
the pump.
BEARING
CONE
RELIEF
VALVE
BEARING
CAGE
1002740b
Figure 3.35
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 17
3 Removal and Disassembly
7. Remove the O-rings from the bearing cage and, if used, the oil Removal
pump assembly.
8. Remove the cone from the input bearing cage. Inter-Axle Differential Lock IAD Shift Unit
NOTE: If you replace either the bearing cup or the cone, replace Air Applied and Spring Release Models, Standard
both parts in a fully-matched set from the same manufacturer. 1. Remove the cylinder.
A. For flange-type cylinders, remove the capscrews that
9. If necessary, use a press and sleeve to remove the cup from
the input bearing cage. fasten the cylinder to the carrier. Remove the cylinder.
B. For threaded cylinders, remove the cylinder.
10. If necessary, remove the pressure relief valve assembly from
the front of the bearing cage. Remove the plug, spring and 2. Remove the piston from the shift shaft. Figure 3.38.
relief valve from the bore. Figure 3.36.
Figure 3.38
JAM BOLT-ON CAPSCREW
Figure 3.36
ADJUSTING
PLUG, EARLY NUT SHIFT DCDL
BOLT
MODELS ONLY SHAFT COVER
SPRING SPRING
COLLAR
O-RING
PISTON
SCREW-IN
DCDL COVER
RELIEF
FORK 1002743b
VALVE 1002741a
Figure 3.36 Figure 3.38
11. Remove the oil screen and plug assembly from the suction line 3. Remove the shift shaft from the differential carrier. When you
at the front of the carrier. Figure 3.37. remove the shift shaft, the fork and the spring may fall.
Figure 3.37
앫 If the shift shaft cannot be removed by hand: Remove
the adjusting bolt and jam nut. Place a brass drift through
the adjusting bolt hole against the rear of the shift shaft.
Use a hammer on the brass drift to remove the shift shaft.
Inspect the shift shaft for damage.
4. From the input shaft bore, remove the collar and fork.
5. If necessary, remove the jam nut and the adjusting bolt.
Spring Applied and Air Release Models, Reverse
Shifter
1002742b
1. Remove the four capscrews that fasten the shift cylinder cover
Figure 3.37 to the differential carrier.
12. Clean the oil screen. Refer to Section 4. 2. Remove the two capscrews and washers that fasten the cover
to the shift cylinder. Remove the cover and spring. Figure 3.39.
18 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
Figure 3.39
Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
BOLT-ON DCDL REVERSE SHIFTER
(DCDL)
“E” CLIP SLOT O-RING SHIFT
CYLINDER If the axle is equipped with a driver-controlled main differential lock,
refer to Section 6 for removal procedures.
SPRING
Main Differential Case and Ring Gear
COVER Assembly
SMALL
1. Rotate the carrier in the stand until the ring gear is toward you.
SHIFT O-RING PISTON SNAP
SHAFT O-RING RING 2. Use a punch and hammer to mark the position of each bearing
“E” CLIP
REMOVED cap on the differential carrier legs. The marks help you
1002744b
correctly match the caps to the carrier legs during assembly.
Figure 3.39 Figure 3.41.
3. Remove the small snap ring from the cover end of the shift Figure 3.41
BEARING
shaft. CAP
4. Remove the cylinder assembly from the shaft.
CARRIER
LEG
5. Rotate the shift shaft until the “E” clip ahead of the shift fork is
at approximately the five o’clock position. Figure 3.40.
Figure 3.40
“E” CLIP BASE
ROTATED TO THE
FIVE O’CLOCK POSITION
MATCH
MARKS
1002994a
Figure 3.41
3. Remove the capscrews, cotter pins, roll pins or lock plates, if
Remove “E” equipped, that hold the bearing adjusting rings in position. Use
clip from shaft a small drift and hammer to remove the pins. Each lock plate is
before reverse
shifter removal. held in position by two capscrews. Figure 3.42.
1002745b
Figure 3.42
Figure 3.40
REMOVING REMOVING
6. With the “E” clip base in the five o’clock position, use COTTER PIN LOCK
PLATE
needlenose vise grips or equivalent to remove the “E” clip.
7. Remove the shift shaft from the carrier. When you remove the
shaft, the fork may fall.
8. Remove the piston from the shift cylinder. Inspect the O-rings
for wear and damage. Replace the O-rings, if necessary.
1002995c
Figure 3.42
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 19
3 Removal and Disassembly
7. Use an appropriate lifting device to remove the main differential
CAUTION
case and ring gear assembly from the carrier. Figure 3.45.
Do not hit the adjusting ring with a hammer. Do not use a
hammer and a drift to loosen the adjusting rings. Using these Figure 3.45
methods will damage the adjusting rings.
4. Use a T-bar wrench or equivalent tool to loosen the adjusting
rings. Do not remove the adjusting rings. If necessary, loosen,
but do not remove, the capscrews on the bearing caps to move
the adjusting rings. Figure 3.43.
Figure 3.43
T-BAR
WRENCH
1002749g
Figure 3.45
NOTE: If you replace either the bearing cup or the cone, replace
both parts in a fully-matched set from the same manufacturer.
ADJUSTING
RING OPPOSITE
The bearing cones are not interchangeable.
RING GEAR 1002747c
Figure 3.43
8. If the bearing cones on the main differential case need to be
replaced, use a bearing puller to remove the cones.
Figure 3.46.
5. Remove the capscrews and washers that fasten the bearing
caps to the differential carrier. Mark the bearing caps and the
Figure 3.46
carrier to help you correctly assemble the caps into the carrier.
PULLER
NOTE: Each bearing cap must be installed on the carrier leg from
which it was removed. The caps are matched to the carrier legs. PRESS
Do not mix bearing caps on carrier legs.
6. Remove the bearing caps, adjusting rings and bearing cups
from the differential carrier. Figure 3.44.
Figure 3.44
BEARING 1002750b
ADJUSTING
BEARING RING Figure 3.46
CAP
1002748d
Figure 3.44
20 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
Disassembly Removal
Main Differential Case and Ring Gear Ring Gear from the Differential Case
1. Use a punch and hammer to mark the case halves. The marks 1. For 145 and 160 Series axles, remove the bolts, washers and
will help you correctly align the case halves during assembly. nuts that fasten the ring gear to the differential case.
Figure 3.47.
CAUTION
Figure 3.47
Do not remove the rivets or the rivet heads with a chisel and
hammer. A chisel and hammer can damage the differential
case.
2. For 140 Series axles, remove the rivets that fasten the ring
gear to the differential case.
A. Carefully center-punch each rivet head in the center on
the ring gear side of the assembly.
B. Drill each rivet head on the ring gear side of the assembly
to a depth equal to the thickness of one rivet head. Use a
MARKS 1002751b
drill bit that is 0.0312-inch (0.8000 mm) smaller than the
Figure 3.47 body diameter of the rivets. Figure 3.49.
2. Remove the capscrews and washers that fasten the halves of
Figure 3.49
the main differential together. DRILLING RIVET FROM HEAD
3. Remove the spider, pinions, thrust washers and side gears
from the separated case assembly. Figure 3.48.
Figure 3.48
THRUST
WASHER
SIDE
SPIDER, PINIONS 1003001e
GEAR
AND THRUST
WASHER Figure 3.49
C. Press the rivets through the holes in the ring gear and the
differential case. Press on the drilled rivet head.
3. Place the ring gear and case assembly on a press so that the
teeth of the gear are toward you. Place supports under the
gear.
4. Place a sleeve or a flat metal plate on top of the case. Press
1002752b
the main differential case from the ring gear. Figure 3.50.
Figure 3.48
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 21
3 Removal and Disassembly
Figure 3.50 2. Remove the drive pinion from the carrier.
PRESS
A. Place the differential carrier into a press so that the
PLATE
threaded end of the drive pinion is facing UP. Place
supports under the carrier mounting flange.
B. Place a protector onto the top of the drive pinion shaft.
Figure 3.52.
CAUTION
1002754b The drive pinion must not fall on the floor when the drive
pinion is pressed from the carrier. If the drive pinion falls to the
Figure 3.50 floor, the gear teeth may be damaged.
Drive Pinion Assembly C. Press the pinion through the outer bearing cone and the
helical driven gear. Remove the drive pinion from the
Before You Work on a Differential Carrier bottom of the carrier.
Inspect the hypoid ring gear set for damage. If it is not damaged,
D. Remove the outer spacer, outer bearing cone and helical
you can reuse the ring gear set at assembly. Measure and record
driven gear from the carrier. Remove the inner spacer
the gear set backlash. Figure 3.17. Refer to Measure Ring Gear
from the drive pinion.
Backlash in this section.
Figure 3.52
Assembly Procedures PRESS
1. Remove the nut and washer from the drive pinion. You PROTECTOR
loosened the drive pinion nut when you removed the input shaft
DRIVE
assembly. Figure 3.51. PINION
Figure 3.51
1002756c
Figure 3.52
3 4 8 NOTE: If you replace either the bearing cup or the cone, replace
2 6
both parts in a fully-matched set from the same manufacturer.
1
NOTE: If a new ring gear and drive pinion are being installed, the
11 inner bearing cup must be removed to change the shim pack
5 7
9 10 between the cup and the carrier.
1002755b
1 NUT 7 INNER SPACER
3. If necessary, remove the inner and the outer bearing cups from
2 WASHER 8 SHIMS the carrier. Use a hammer and drift to remove the cups from
3 OUTER BEARING CONE 9 INNER BEARING CUP the carrier. Replace any shims that are damaged. Measure and
4 OUTER BEARING CUP 10 INNER BEARING CONE
record the thickness of the shim pack for assembly.
5 OUTER SPACER 11 DRIVE PINION
6 HELICAL DRIVEN GEAR Figure 3.53.
Figure 3.51
22 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
Figure 3.53
INNER
BEARING
CUP
OUTER
BEARING CUP 1002757c
Figure 3.53
4. If necessary, remove the inner bearing cone from the drive
pinion. Place a bearing puller under the inner race to support
the bearing. Place a protector on top of the pinion shaft and
press the drive pinion out of the bearing cone. Figure 3.54.
Figure 3.54
PRESS
BEARING
PULLER
1002758b
Figure 3.54
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 23
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Hazard Alert Messages Clean, Dry and Inspect Parts
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent Clean and Inspect Yokes
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
CAUTION
Do not install a press-on shaft excluder or POSE™ seal after
WARNING you install a unitized pinion seal. The use of a POSE™ seal will
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
prevent correct seating of the unitized pinion seal on the yoke
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. and will result in lubricant leakage at the seal. POSE™ seal
installation is recommended only for triple-lip and other
Solvent cleaners can be flammable, poisonous and cause previous design seals.
burns. Examples of solvent cleaners are carbon tetrachloride,
and emulsion-type and petroleum-base cleaners. Read the Do not use thin metal wear sleeves to refresh the yoke surface.
manufacturer’s instructions before using a solvent cleaner, Wear sleeves pressed onto the yoke will prevent correct
then carefully follow the instructions. Also follow the seating of the pinion seal and damage the pinion seal
procedures below. assembly. Wear sleeve usage will cause the seal to leak.
앫 Wear safe eye protection. 1. Clean the ground and polished surface of the yoke journal
앫 Wear clothing that protects your skin. using a clean shop towel and a safe cleaning solvent. Do not
use abrasive cleaners, towels or scrubbers to clean the yoke or
앫 Work in a well-ventilated area. flange surface. Do not use gasoline.
앫 Do not use gasoline, or solvents that contain gasoline.
NOTE: The unitized seal features a rubber inner sleeve that is
Gasoline can explode.
designed to seal and rotate with the yoke. This feature allows you to
앫 You must use hot solution tanks or alkaline solutions reuse a yoke with minor grooves.
correctly. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
using hot solution tanks and alkaline solutions. Then 2. Inspect the yoke seal surface for grooves.
carefully follow the instructions. 앫 If you find grooves on yoke hubs used with single or
triple-lip seals: Replace the yokes.
Take care when you use Loctite® adhesive to avoid serious
personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before 앫 If you find grooves on the yoke: Use calipers to measure
the groove diameters. If any groove diameter measures less
using this product. Follow the instructions carefully to prevent
than the dimensions shown in Figure 4.1, replace the yoke.
irritation to the eyes and skin. If Loctite® adhesive material
gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s emergency Figure 4.1
procedures. Have your eyes checked by a physician as soon UNITIZED PINION SEAL (UPS)
as possible.
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small
A B
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal
injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone Yoke Seal Minimum Yoke Diameter
Diameter at Groove (Inches)
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s
3.000/3.005" 2.990"
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a 3.250/3.255" 3.240"
physician as soon as possible.
1003390e
A MINIMUM GROOVE DEPTH — DIAMETER
B YOKE SEAL DIAMETER
Figure 4.1
24 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Clean Ground and Polished Parts CAUTION
1. Use a cleaning solvent, kerosene or diesel fuel to clean ground Damage to bearings can result when they are rotated and
or polished parts or surfaces. Do not use gasoline. dried with compressed air.
2. Use a tool with a flat blade if required, to remove sealant 3. Except for bearings, parts can be dried with compressed air.
material from parts. Be careful not to damage the polished or
smooth surfaces. Prevent Corrosion on Cleaned Parts
CAUTION 1. Apply axle lubricant to cleaned and dried parts that are not
Do not use hot solution tanks or water and alkaline solutions to damaged and are to be assembled.
clean ground or polished parts. Damage to parts can result. 2. To store parts, apply a special material that prevents corrosion
to all surfaces. Wrap cleaned parts in a special paper that will
3. Do not clean ground or polished parts with water or steam. protect the parts from moisture and prevent corrosion.
Do not immerse ground or polished parts in a hot solution tank
or use strong alkaline solutions for cleaning, or the smooth Inspect Parts
sealing surface may be damaged.
It is very important to inspect all parts carefully and completely
Clean Rough Parts before the axle or carrier is assembled. Check all parts for wear and
replace damaged parts.
1. Clean rough parts with the same method as cleaning ground
and polished parts. 1. Inspect the cup, cone, rollers and cage of all tapered roller
bearings in the assembly. If any of the following conditions
2. Rough parts can be cleaned in hot solution tanks with a weak exist, replace the bearing.
or diluted alkaline solution.
앫 The center of the large-diameter end of the rollers is worn
3. Parts must remain in hot solution tanks until heated and level with or below the outer surface. Figure 4.2.
completely cleaned.
앫 The radius at the large-diameter end of the rollers is worn
4. Parts must be washed with water until all traces of the alkaline to a sharp edge. Figure 4.2.
solution are removed.
앫 There is a visible roller groove in the cup or cone inner race
Clean Axle Assemblies surfaces. The groove can be seen at the small- or
large-diameter end of both parts. Figure 4.3.
1. A complete axle assembly can be steam cleaned on the
outside to remove dirt. 앫 There are deep cracks or breaks in the cup, cone inner race
or roller surfaces. Figure 4.3.
2. Before the axle is steam cleaned, close or place a cover over all
openings in the axle assembly. Examples of openings are 앫 There are bright wear marks on the outer surface of the
breathers or vents in air chambers. roller cage. Figure 4.4.
앫 There is damage on the rollers and on the surfaces of the
Drying Parts After Cleaning cup and cone inner race that touch the rollers. Figure 4.5.
1. Parts must be dried immediately after cleaning and washing. 앫 There is damage on the cup and cone inner race surfaces
2. Dry the parts using soft, clean paper or cloth rags. that touch the rollers. Figure 4.6.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 25
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Figure 4.2 Figure 4.5
WORN RADIUS
ETCHING AND PITTING
1003020a
WORN SURFACE 1003017b Figure 4.5
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.6
Figure 4.3
SPALLING AND FLAKING
WEAR
CRACK
GROOVES
1003021b
Figure 4.6
1003018b
CAUTION
Figure 4.3 A drive pinion and ring gear are machined as a matched set.
When you replace either a drive pinion or a ring gear, you must
Figure 4.4
replace both parts as a matched set. Do not mix old and new
parts. Damage to components can result.
2. Inspect hypoid pinions and gears for wear and damage.
Replace gears that are worn or damaged.
WEAR MARKS
1003019a
Figure 4.4
26 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
5. Inspect the breather.
CAUTION
A thrust washer, differential side gear and pinion gear are A. Remove the breather from the axle housing.
machined as a matched set. When you replace any of these
B. Clean the breather.
parts, you must install a new matched set. Do not mix old and
new parts. Damage to components can result. 앫 If the breather remains dirty after cleaning:
Replace the breather.
3. Inspect the following main differential assembly parts for wear
C. Apply compressed air to the breather.
or stress. Replace parts that are damaged. Figure 4.7.
앫 If compressed air does not pass through the
앫 Inside surfaces of both case halves
breather: Replace the breather.
앫 Both surfaces of all thrust washers
D. Install the breather in the axle housing.
앫 The four trunnion ends of the spider or cross
앫 Teeth and splines of both differential side gears Repair or Replace Parts
앫 Teeth and bore of all differential pinions Threads must be without damage and clean so that accurate
adjustments and correct torque values can be applied to fasteners
Figure 4.7 and parts.
Inspect
inside 1. Replace any fastener if the corners of the head are worn.
surfaces.
2. Replace the washers if damaged.
DIFFERENTIAL
CASE HALVES 3. Replace the gaskets, oil seals or grease seals at the time of
axle or carrier repair.
4. Clean the parts and apply new silicone gasket material where
SIDE GEAR required when the axle or carrier is assembled. Figure 4.8.
PINION AND AND THRUST
THRUST WASHER
Inspect.
WASHER
Figure 4.8
Remove silicone
gasket from parts.
Inspect.
DIFFERENTIAL
GEAR NEST
ASSEMBLY
SPIDER OR
Inspect. CROSS
1003022f 1003023a
Figure 4.7
Figure 4.8
4. Inspect the axle shafts for wear and cracks at the flange, shaft
5. Remove nicks, mars and burrs from parts with machined or
and splines. Replace the axle shafts, if required.
ground surfaces. Use a fine file, india stone, emery cloth or
crocus cloth.
6. Clean and repair the threads of fasteners and holes. Use a die
or tap of the correct size or a fine file.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 27
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Welding on Axle Housings CAUTION
Remove the brake air chambers before you weld onto an axle.
WARNING Do not expose a brake air chamber to more than 250°F
Wear safe clothing and eye protection when you use welding (121°C). Damage to the air chamber can result.
equipment. Welding equipment can burn you and cause
serious personal injury. Follow the operating instructions and 3. Remove the wheel-end components and brake air chambers
safety procedures recommended by the welding equipment from the axle. Refer to the correct Meritor brake maintenance
manufacturer. manual or the vehicle manufacturer’s instructions.
Axle weld locations and welding procedures must adhere to 4. For housing-to-cover welds, clean the outside
Meritor standards. Welding at locations other than those housing-to-cover weld area two-three-inches (50.8-76.2 mm)
authorized by Meritor will void the warranty and can reduce past each end or side of the crack. Clean the inside area where
axle beam fatigue life. Serious personal injury and damage to the cover mates with the housing. Clean the area completely
components can result. around the cover. Use a wire brush and a cleaning solvent that
will remove dirt and grease from these areas.
Refer to Maintenance Manual 8, Drive Axle Housings. To obtain this 5. For suspension bracket welds, clean both lower and upper
publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover suspension brackets and the areas of the axle housing around
of this manual. each bracket. Use a wire brush and a cleaning solvent that will
Meritor permits drive axle housing assembly repair welding in the remove dirt and grease from these areas.
following locations only.
WARNING
앫 Housing-to-cover weld joints
The axle housing must be 70°F (21°C) or warmer before you
앫 Snorkel welds weld onto the axle. Do not weld onto a cold axle or weld cold
parts onto an axle. Cracks in the weld area, damage to
앫 Housing seam welds between the suspension attaching brackets
components and serious personal injury can result.
앫 Bracket welding to the drive axle housing
6. Ensure that the axle housing temperature measures 70°F
Prepare the Axle (21°C) or warmer.
WARNING 앫 If the axle housing temperature measures less than
70°F (21°C): Store the axle in a heated room until the
The high temperature caused by the open flame from the
cutting torch can ignite the oil in the axle housing and can housing reaches the correct temperature.
cause serious personal injury. 7. Heat the damaged area to approximately 300°F (149°C) before
you begin welding.
1. Remove the oil drain plug from the bottom of the axle housing
and drain the lubricant from the assembly. 8. Use suitable weld wire electrodes when you weld. Suitable weld
wire electrodes include either BS EN 499 – E 42 2 B 32 H5
or BS EN 440 – G 42 2 M GSi (American Welding Society
CAUTION
equivalents E7018 and ER70S3, respectively).
Remove the differential carrier from the axle housing before
you weld onto an axle. Do not weld onto an axle with the 9. For complete welding instructions, refer to Maintenance
differential carrier installed. Electrical arcing and damage to Manual 8, Drive Axle Housings. To obtain this publication, refer
components can result. to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this
manual.
2. Remove the differential carrier from the axle housing. Refer to
the correct Meritor carrier maintenance manual or the vehicle
manufacturer’s instructions.
28 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Do Not Bend or Straighten a Damaged Drive Figure 4.9
Axle Housing
WARNING
Replace damaged or out-of-specification axle components. Do
not bend, repair or recondition axle components by welding or
heat-treating. A bent axle beam reduces axle strength, affects
FOUR TO
vehicle operation and voids Meritor’s warranty. Serious FIVE DROPS
personal injury and damage to components can result. ON BORE
THREADS
1003025a
Always replace a damaged drive axle housing. Do not bend or
straighten a damaged housing, which can misalign or weaken it, Figure 4.9
and void Meritor’s warranty.
3. Tighten the fasteners to the required torque value for that size
Removing Fasteners Secured with Adhesive fastener. There is no drying time required for Meritor liquid
If it is difficult to remove fasteners secured with Dri-Loc®, Meritor adhesive 2297-C-7049, Loctite® 638 or 680 liquid adhesive
adhesive or Loctite® 277 adhesive, use the following procedure. or equivalent.
When you remove fasteners secured with adhesive, slowly heat the
Meritor Specification 2297-T-4180 Adhesive
fastener to 350°F (177°C). Do not exceed this temperature, or heat
fasteners quickly. Damage to components can result.
in the Differential Bearing Bores
1. Heat the fastener for three to five seconds. Try to loosen the NOTE: Use Meritor specification 2297-T-4180 adhesive for all
fastener with a wrench. Do not use an impact wrench or hit the axles.
fastener with a hammer.
1. Clean the oil and dirt from the outer diameters of the bearing
2. Repeat Step 1 until you can remove the fastener.
cups and bearing bores in the carrier and bearing caps. There
is no special cleaning required.
New Fasteners with Pre-Applied Adhesive
2. Apply axle lubricant to the bearing cones and the inner
1. Use a wire brush to clean the oil and dirt from threaded holes.
diameters of the bearing cups of the main differential. Do not
2. Install new fasteners with pre-applied adhesive to assemble get oil on the outer diameter of the bearing cup and do not
parts. Do not apply adhesives or sealants to fasteners with permit oil to drip onto the bearing bores.
pre-applied adhesive, or to fastener holes.
NOTE: Meritor specification 2297-T-4180 adhesive will dry in
3. Tighten the fasteners to the required torque value for that size
approximately two hours. You must complete the procedure within
fastener. No drying time is required for fasteners with
two hours from the time you apply the adhesive. If two hours have
pre-applied adhesive.
passed since application, clean the adhesive from the parts and
apply new adhesive.
Original or Used Fasteners
1. Use a wire brush to clean the oil, dirt and old adhesive from all 3. Apply a single continuous bead of the adhesive to the bearing
threads and threaded holes. bores in the carrier and bearing caps. Apply the adhesive
around the circumference of the smooth, ground surfaces only.
2. Apply four or five drops of Meritor liquid adhesive
Do not place the adhesive on the threaded areas. Figure 4.10.
2297-C-7049, Loctite® 638 or 680 liquid adhesive or
equivalent inside each threaded hole or bore. Do not apply
adhesive directly to the fastener threads. Figure 4.9.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 29
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Figure 4.10 4. Remove metal filings from the magnets inside the housing.
ADHESIVE BEARING
CAP 5. Use solvent to clean the inside of the housing.
6. Use Loctite® ODC Free cleaner or brake cleaner to clean the
housing and carrier faces.
CARRIER
LEG 7. Dry the housing and carrier faces.
CAUTION
New capscrew kits have blue Dri-Loc® STS threadlocker, an
equivalent to Loctite® 242 threadlocker, applied to the
capscrews. Do not remove the blue Dri-Loc® STS threadlocker
from the capscrews. Damage to components can result.
1003026a
Figure 4.10 8. If you reuse the carrier-to-housing capscrews, use a rotary
wire brush to remove any threadlocker material and clean the
4. Install the main differential assembly, bearing cups and bearing capscrew threads. Use a clean cloth to wipe the threads.
caps into the carrier. Refer to Section 5. 9. Use a tap to clean the internal threads in the housing.
5. Adjust the preload of the differential bearings, backlash and
tooth contact patterns of the gear set as required. Refer to CAUTION
Section 5. Apply silicone gasket material in a continuous 0.125-inch
(3 mm) bead. If you use more than this amount, gasket
Carrier-to-Housing Joint Sealing Procedure material can break off and plug lubrication passages. Damage
to components can result.
1. Remove the carrier from the housing. Refer to Section 3.
2. Remove all debris from inside the housing. 10. Apply a 0.25-inch (6 mm) bead of Loctite® 5699 silicone
gasket material to the housing face. Do not use ThreeBond
3. Use a rotary tool with a scour pad to clean all silicone residue
1216E silicone products. Figure 4.12.
from the housing and carrier faces. Figure 4.11. Surfaces must
be clean, dry and free of foreign matter. The surfaces must not Figure 4.12
be oily to the touch.
Figure 4.11
Cleaning the housing face with a rotary
tool and a scour pad.
0.25" (6 MM)
DIAMETER SILICONE
4004435a
GASKET BEAD
Figure 4.12
11. Install two long studs in the carrier to guide the carrier into the
housing.
4000621a
Figure 4.11
30 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
12. Immediately install the carrier into the housing to enable the Identification
silicone gasket material to compress evenly between the faces.
If using a new capscrew kit with blue Dri-Loc® STS pre-applied Gear Sets
threadlocker, skip the next step.
Refer to Table A, Table B, Table C and Table D for information on
CAUTION identifying gear sets with matched parts. Always check match
Apply silicone gasket material in a continuous 0.25-inch numbers to verify that the gear set you will install has matched
(6 mm) bead. If you use more than this amount, gasket parts. Figure 4.14.
material can break off and plug lubrication passages. Damage
Figure 4.14
to components can result.
ALTERNATE LOCATIONS
®
13. Apply a 0.125-inch (3 mm) bead of Loctite 242 threadlocker
around the capscrew threads approximately 0.25-inch (6 mm)
from the end. Apply a 0.125-inch (3 mm) bead of Loctite® 242
threadlocker across the length of the threads. Figure 4.13.
Figure 4.13
LOCTITE® 242 THREADLOCKER APPLICATION
1003031b
360˚ LOCTITE® BEAD
1 PART NUMBER, TOOTH COMBINATION NUMBER, GEAR SET MATCH
NUMBER, PINION CONE VARIATION NUMBER
2 PART NUMBER, TOOTH COMBINATION NUMBER
3 GEAR SET MATCH NUMBER, PINION CONE VARIATION NUMBER
4 PART NUMBER, TOOTH COMBINATION NUMBER, GEAR SET MATCH
NUMBER
0.25" (6 MM) 5 PART NUMBER, TOOTH COMBINATION NUMBER, GEAR SET MATCH
NUMBER
4000623b
Figure 4.14
Figure 4.13
Examples
14. Install the capscrews. Use a crossing pattern to tighten the
capscrews evenly. The capscrews must be tightened within Table A: Gear Set Part Numbers
10 minutes of initial application of Loctite® 242 threadlocker. Part Number Location
앫 Tighten the 1/2-inch capscrews to 140 lb-ft (190 N폷m). @ Conventional 36786 On the front face or
앫 Tighten the 5/8-inch capscrews to 225 lb-ft (306 N폷m). @ ring gear outer diameter
Conventional 36787 At the end at
15. Wait a minimum of 60 minutes before filling the assembly with
drive pinion threads
lubricant. Refer to Section 7.
Generoid ring 36786 K or 36786 K2 On the front face or
General Yoke and U-Joint Reassembly gear outer diameter
Install the end yoke hub capscrews by hand after seating the U-joint. Generoid drive 36787 K or 36787 K2 At the end at
Tighten the capscrews according to the manufacturer’s torque pinion threads
specifications.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 31
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Table B: Gear Set Tooth Combination Number Hypoid Gear Set Ratios Listed on the
Drive Pinion Ring Gear Identification Tags
Gear Set Teeth Location Location 1. Locate the identification tags riveted to the forward and rear
5-37 = gear set At the end at On the front face axle differential carriers. Figure 4.15.
has a five-tooth threads or outer diameter
drive pinion and a Figure 4.15
37-tooth ring gear
NOTE: Meritor drive pinions and ring gears are only available as
matched sets. Each gear in a set has an alphanumeric match
10 -41
number.
Table C: Gear Set Match Number MODEL
1 CUSTOMER NO. 2
Drive Pinion Ring Gear SERIAL NO.
RATIO
Match Number Location Location
M29 At the end of the On the front face 1 FORWARD 2 REAR
gear head or outer diameter Figure 4.15
NOTE: Don’t use the pinion cone variation number when you check 2. Compare the axle ratios shown on both tags. To operate
for a matched gear set. Use this number when you adjust the pinion correctly, the axle ratios for both axles must be within one
depth of the carrier. Refer to Section 5. percent of each other. To calculate the percentage difference
between the axle ratios, refer to the equation in Table E.
Table D: Pinion Cone Variation Number
Table E
Pinion Cone (PC) Drive Pinion Ring Gear
Larger Ratio – Smaller Ratio Percentage
Variation Number Location Location
X 100 = Difference Between
Smaller Ratio
PC+3 At the end of the On the outer Axle Ratios
+2 pinion gear head diameter
앫 If the axle ratios shown on the identification tags are
+0.01 mm
not within one percent of each other: Refer to the vehicle
PC–5 manufacturer for further information.
–1
–0.02 mm Rotate the Forward Driveshaft to Check the
Hypoid Gear Set Ratio
Check for Mismatched Ratios on WARNING
Tandem Axles Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
For a tandem axle pair to function correctly, the forward and rear axles
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
must operate with axle ratios within one percent. A mismatched
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
tandem axle pair can cause carrier overheating, hypoid gear set wear,
damage to components can result.
metal debris to collect on the magnetic drain plug, carrier lubricant
additive depletion, excessive inter-axle wear and noise. 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface.
To determine if the tandem axle ratios operate within allowable 2. Engage the power divider and shift the transmission into
limits, refer to one of the following procedures. Perform the NEUTRAL.
procedure that will work best for the vehicle you are servicing.
3. Block the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving.
32 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
4. Use a jack to raise the vehicle until all the tandem drive axle Figure 4.18
If the mark appears in
wheels clear the ground. Support the vehicle with safety the shaded area, the tandem
stands. gear set is incorrectly matched.
5. Mark the forward and rear tires at identical relative positions.
Figure 4.16.
Figure 4.16
3.6 3.6
If the mark appears in
this area, the tandem axle
gear set is correctly matched.
1003455a
MARKS MARKS 1003453a
Figure 4.18
Figure 4.16
8. Remove the safety stands and lower the vehicle.
6. Turn the forward driveshaft in one direction by hand until the
forward tire completes two rotations. Figure 4.17. The forward Hypoid Gear Set Teeth Numbers Stamped on
tire must rotate two times only. If the forward tire rotates more
than or less than two rotations, the angle measurements you
the Forward and Rear Axle Drive Pinions
make in Step 7 will be inaccurate. When the inter-axle driveline or differential carrier are removed for
service, you can check the hypoid gear set teeth numbers stamped
Figure 4.17
on the forward and rear axle drive pinions.
WARNING
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
damage to components can result.
Rotate two full turns
of forward tire. 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface.
1003454b 2. Block the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving.
Figure 4.17
To Identify the Gear Teeth Number on the Forward
7. Note the positions of the tire marks you previously made. On a
Axle Drive Pinion
correctly matched tandem axle gear set, both tire marks will be 1. Remove the forward carrier pinion cover. Refer to the vehicle
within ± 3.6 degrees of each other. Figure 4.18. manufacturer’s procedures.
앫 If the positions of the tire marks are more than 2. Look into the carrier housing. Identify and record the gear set
3.6 degrees from each other: Refer to the vehicle teeth numbers stamped on the drive pinion end. Figure 4.19.
manufacturer for further information.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 33
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
3. Calculate the hypoid gear set ratio by dividing the larger 2. Install the inter-axle driveshaft. Refer to the vehicle
number by the smaller number. Figure 4.19. manufacturer’s procedures.
Figure 4.19
3. Install the pinion cover. Refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s
procedures.
LARGER NUMBER = HYPOID GEAR 4. Remove the safety stands and lower the vehicle.
SMALLER NUMBER SET RATIO
Verify the Actual Hypoid Gear Set Ratios
You can check the actual hypoid gear set ratios when you remove
4
10- 1
the differential carriers from the axle housings for service or repair.
Refer to the following procedure to calculate the actual gear set
ratios.
1003456c 1. Count the number of ring gear teeth. Figure 4.21.
Figure 4.19
2. Count the number of pinion gear teeth. Figure 4.21.
To Identify the Gear Teeth Number on the Rear Axle 3. Divide the number of ring gear teeth by the number of pinion
Drive Pinion gear teeth to determine the actual hypoid gear set ratio for
each axle. Figure 4.21.
1. Remove the inter-axle driveshaft. Refer to the vehicle
manufacturer’s procedures. Figure 4.21
2. Identify and record the gear set teeth numbers stamped on the PINION RING
GEAR TEETH GEAR
end of the rear axle drive pinion. Figure 4.20. TEETH
3. Calculate the hypoid gear set ratio by dividing the larger
number by the smaller number. Figure 4.20.
Figure 4.20
RING GEAR TEETH = ACTUAL HYPOID
PINION GEAR TEETH GEAR SET RATIO
1003458d
4
10- 1
Figure 4.21
10 -41
4. Calculate the percentage difference between the hypoid gear
LARGER NUMBER HYPOID GEAR
= set ratios using the equation in Table E. All ratios must match
SMALLER NUMBER SET RATIO
1003457b
within one percent.
Figure 4.20
앫 If the actual hypoid gear set ratios are not within one
percent of each other: Refer to the vehicle manufacturer
for further information.
Compare Both Hypoid Gear Set Ratios
1. Both ratios must be within one percent of each other. To
calculate the percentage difference between the axle ratios,
refer to the equation in Table E.
앫 If the axle ratios shown on the identification tags are
not within one percent of each other: Refer to the vehicle
manufacturer for further information.
34 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Inspection 4. Install and tighten the input, output or pinion shaft nut to the
correct torque. Refer to Section 8.
Yoke 5. Install the driveline.
All current Meritor axles feature helical splines at the yoke interface. 6. Remove the safety stands.
This feature provides a tight fit between the yoke and input shaft,
output shaft and pinion shaft. For the axle to operate correctly, the 7. Lower the vehicle.
input shaft, output shaft and pinion shaft must fit tightly to the
corresponding yoke. Tire Matching for Tandem and Tridem Axles
Check for Yoke Wear CAUTION
Unmatched tires on both tandem drive units and tridem drive
WARNING units will cause tire wear and scuffing and possible damage to
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to the drive units. Meritor recommends that the tires be matched
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with to within 0.125-inch (3.18 mm) of the same rolling radius,
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by 0.75-inch (19.05 mm) of the same rolling circumference.
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
damage to components can result. Tandem Axles
The four largest tires should never be installed on one driving axle or
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent the four smallest tires on the other driving axle. Such tire mounting
the vehicle from moving.
will cause an inter-axle fight, unusually high axle lubricant
2. Use a jack to raise the vehicle so that the wheels to be serviced temperatures that result in premature lubricant breakdown and
are off the ground. Support the vehicle with safety stands. possible costly axle service.
3. Remove the driveline. In addition to matching individual tire rolling radii or rolling
circumference, Meritor recommends matching, as nearly as
4. Remove the input, output or pinion shaft nut.
possible, the total tire circumference of one driving axle to the total
5. Attempt to remove the yoke by hand. tire circumference of the other driving axle. This will usually result in
satisfactory tandem axle lubricant temperatures that lengthen drive
앫 If you can remove the yoke by hand: The yoke is worn.
unit service with higher tire mileage.
Replace the yoke.
Park the vehicle on a level surface. The vehicle must carry a
6. Use a correct yoke puller tool to remove the yoke.
correctly distributed rated capacity load. All the tires must be the
Check for a Tight-Fit Condition same size. Measure new tires to verify that they will be correctly
matched.
NOTE: You can check for a tight-fit condition when you install any 1. Inflate all tires to the same pressure.
serviceable yoke.
2. Carefully measure the rolling circumference of each tire with a
1. Attempt to install the yoke by hand. steel tape.
앫 If the yoke bottoms out against the adjacent bearing: 3. Mark the size on each tire with chalk and arrange the tires in
Replace the yoke. order of size, largest to smallest.
2. Use a correct yoke installation tool to install the yoke. 4. Mount the two largest tires on one side of one axle and mount
the two smallest on the opposite side of the same axle.
3. As you install the yoke, you should detect resistance between
the yoke and shaft. 5. Mount the four other tires on the other axle in the same
manner.
앫 If you do not detect resistance between the yoke and
shaft: Replace the yoke.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 35
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
6. Test run the vehicle to gather accurate rear axle lubricant
temperature readings on the two axle lubricant temperature
gauges.
7. Vary tire air pressure within the tire manufacturer’s
recommended range so the lubricant temperature of both axles
is within 30°F (–1°C) of each other and not in excess of 200°F
(93°C). This will usually result in uniform tire loading and good
tire life.
Tridem Axles
When three driving axles are used together in a tridem series,
unmatched tires will compound the problems described in the
preceding paragraphs. Meritor recommends matching, as nearly as
possible, the total tire circumference of each of the three driving
axles.
To match tires on tridem units, follow the same procedure used for
tandem units.
Arrange the tires in order of size.
앫 The two largest and two smallest go on one axle.
앫 The next two largest and smallest go on the second axle.
앫 The remaining four tires go on the third axle.
36 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Hazard Alert Messages
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.1
OUTER OUTER
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in BEARING BEARING
CONE CUP
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
SPACER
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
HELICAL
DRIVEN
WARNING GEAR
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
SHIMS
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. SPACER
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious INNER
DRIVE BEARING
personal injury. INNER CONE
BEARING PINION
CUP 1002763a
Installation
Figure 5.1
Installing the Drive Pinion and Adjusting
Pinion Depth and Preload 1. Use a micrometer to measure the thickness of the shim pack
that was removed from the differential carrier. Record the
There are two procedures for adjusting pinion depth. The procedure measurement. Figure 5.2.
in this manual is to install the pinion, bearings and calculated shim
pack into the case WITHOUT the helical gear and two spacers. After Figure 5.2
you check the tooth contact patterns to determine the correct pinion
position, you must disassemble the carrier to install the helical gear
and two spacers.
An optional procedure is to install the pinion, bearings and
calculated shim pack into the case WITH the helical gear and two
spacers. After you check the tooth contact patterns to determine the
correct pinion position, you only need to disassemble the carrier if
an adjustment is necessary. Both procedures are acceptable.
Adjustment 1002764a
Figure 5.2
Shim Pack Thickness for a New Drive Pinion
NOTE: Use this procedure if you’ll install a new drive pinion and ring 2. Find the pinion cone (PC) variation number on the drive pinion
gear set or if you have to adjust the depth of the drive pinion. If the you’ll replace. Record the number. Figure 5.3. The pinion cone
pinion depth shims are misplaced during carrier repair, use number can be one of the following values.
0.030-inch (0.76 mm) for 145 Series axles and 0.050-inch 앫 PC +3, PC –3, +3 or –3 = 0.003-inch
(1.27 mm) for 160 Series axles for the initial pinion position.
Figure 5.1. 앫 PC +.03, PC 0.03 mm, +0.03 mm or –0.03 = 0.03 mm
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 37
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.3 Table F
Examples Inches mm
1. Old Shim Pack Thickness 0.030 0.760
Old PC Number, PC +2 + 0.002 + 0.050
Standard Shim Pack Thickness = 0.032 = 0.810
New PC Number, PC +5 – 0.005 – 0.120
PINION CONE New Shim Pack Thickness = 0.027 = 0.690
VARIATION
NUMBER 2. Old Shim Pack Thickness 0.030 0.760
1003032d Old PC Number, PC –2 – 0.002 – 0.050
Standard Shim Pack Thickness = 0.028 = 0.710
Figure 5.3
New PC Number, PC +5 – 0.005 – 0.120
3. If you can’t find the PC number or it’s unreadable, install a new New Shim Pack Thickness = 0.023 = 0.590
shim pack of the same thickness that you measured in Step 1.
3. Old Shim Pack Thickness 0.030 0.760
NOTE: The following calculation is the opposite for a rear carrier, Old PC Number, PC +2 + 0.002 + 0.050
tandem or single. Standard Shim Pack Thickness = 0.032 = 0.810
New PC Number, PC –5 + 0.005 + 0.120
4. If the old pinion cone number of a forward tandem carrier is a
plus (+), ADD the cone number to the old shim pack thickness New Shim Pack Thickness = 0.037 = 0.930
that was measured in Step 1. 4. Old Shim Pack Thickness 0.030 0.760
5. If the old pinion cone number of a forward tandem carrier is a Old PC Number, PC –2 – 0.002 – 0.050
minus (–), SUBTRACT the cone number from the old shim pack Standard Shim Pack Thickness = 0.028 = 0.710
thickness that was measured in Step 1.
New PC Number, PC –5 + 0.005 + 0.120
6. Find the pinion cone variation number on the new drive pinion
New Shim Pack Thickness = 0.033 = 0.830
that will be installed. Record the number.
7. If the new pinion cone number of a forward tandem carrier is a
plus (+), SUBTRACT the number from the standard shim pack
Assembly
thickness that was calculated in Step 4 or Step 5. Use new
Drive Pinion Assembly
shims to make a shim pack to the determined thickness. Refer
to Table F. The depth of the drive pinion and ring gear contact is controlled by
the thickness of the shim pack. Figure 5.4.
8. If the new pinion cone number of a forward tandem carrier is a
minus (–), ADD the number to the standard shim pack 앫 To increase the thickness of the drive pinion contact:
thickness that was calculated in Step 4 or Step 5. Use new Increase the thickness of the shim pack.
shims to make a shim pack to the determined thickness. Refer 앫 To decrease the depth of the drive pinion pattern: Decrease
to Table F. the thickness of the shim pack.
38 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.4 2. If removed, use a press and a sleeve to install the inner bearing
OUTER OUTER cone onto the drive pinion. Place the sleeve onto the inner race
BEARING BEARING
CONE CUP of the bearing. Apply pressure until the bottom of the cone
touches the shoulder on the pinion. Figure 5.5.
Figure 5.5
PRESS
AND SLEEVE
SHIMS
INNER
BEARING
INNER DRIVE CONE
BEARING PINION
CUP 1002765c
Figure 5.4 1002766a
Figure 5.5
The preload of the bearings on the drive pinion is controlled by a
spacer between the outer bearing cone and the helical driven gear.
3. Apply axle lubricant to the bearing cups and cones.
Adjust the preload by changing the size of the spacer.
4. If removed, install the shim pack and the inner bearing cup of
앫 To decrease the preload: Use a thicker spacer. the drive pinion.
앫 To increase the preload: Use a thinner spacer.
A. Place the carrier into a press so that the legs of the carrier
If the depth of the drive pinion is changed, the thickness of the are toward the TOP of the press.
spacer must also be changed the same amount. Refer to the B. Install the correct amount of shims into the bore for the
following examples. inner bearing cup of the drive pinion. Figure 5.6.
앫 If a 0.003-inch (0.076 mm) shim is ADDED to the shim pack C. Place the cup into the bore. Figure 5.6.
to INCREASE the depth of the drive pinion: A 0.003-inch
(0.076 mm) larger spacer must be installed to keep the preload D. Place supports under the differential carrier so that the
carrier is level.
on the bearings.
앫 If a 0.003-inch (0.076-mm) shim is REMOVED from the E. Place a sleeve or a bearing driver tool onto the cup and
press the cup into the bore until the bottom of the cup
shim pack to DECREASE the depth of the drive pinion:
touches the shims. If a press is not available, use a
A 0.003-inch (0.076 mm) smaller spacer must be installed to
sleeve, a brass drift or a bearing driver tool and a hammer
keep the preload on the bearings.
to install the cup. Figure 5.7.
NOTE: The helical driven gear and the spacers are installed when Figure 5.6
the bearing preload on the drive pinion is inspected and adjusted. BEARING
CUP
1. If you are installing a new ring gear and drive pinion, the correct
SHIMS
thickness of the shim pack between the pinion inner bearing cup
and the carrier must be determined. Refer to the procedure in
this section before temporarily assembling and installing the
drive pinion assembly according to this procedure.
If you are installing the original ring gear and drive pinion,
temporarily install the drive pinion assembly.
1002767b
Figure 5.6
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 39
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.7
Installation
PRESS
Drive Pinion Assembly
1. Place the drive pinion into the carrier so that the pinion is
through the inner and the outer bearing cups.
2. Place the carrier into a press so that the legs of the carrier are
toward the BOTTOM of the press. Place supports under the
carrier so that the carrier is level. Place a support under the
BEARING head of the drive pinion so that the inner bearing cone on the
CUP 1002768b pinion shaft touches the inner bearing cup in the carrier.
Figure 5.7 3. Place the outer bearing cone onto the pinion shaft.
4. Use a press and a sleeve to install the bearing cone onto the
5. If removed, install the outer bearing cup for the drive pinion.
pinion. Apply no more than two tons (1814 kg) of force to verify
A. Place the carrier into a press so that the legs of the carrier that the bearing cone is correctly installed. Figure 5.9.
are toward the BOTTOM of the press. Place supports
under the carrier so that the carrier is level. Figure 5.9
B. Place the outer bearing cup for the drive pinion into the SLEEVE
bore of the carrier.
C. Use a sleeve or a bearing driver tool and a press to install
the cup. Press the cup into the carrier until the bottom of
the cup touches the bottom of the bore. If a press is not
available, use a sleeve, a brass drift or a bearing driver
tool and a hammer to install the cup. Figure 5.8.
Figure 5.8
PRESS 1002770a
Figure 5.9
Adjustment
Drive Pinion Bearing Preload
NOTE: If the depth of the drive pinion was changed, then the
1002769c amount of the change must be added or subtracted to the
thickness of the spacer between the outer bearing cup and the
Figure 5.8
helical driven gear.
After you obtain the correct gear tooth contact pattern and the
correct shim pack thickness, you must adjust the bearing preload on
the drive pinion. The preload is controlled by the thickness of the
spacer between the helical driven gear and the outer bearing cone.
Figure 5.10.
40 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.10 Figure 5.12
SPACER — AVAILABLE OUTER
IN DIFFERENT SIZES PRESS
BEARING
TO ADJUST PRELOAD ASSEMBLY PROTECTOR
SPACER — ONLY
AVAILABLE IN
ONE SIZE
DRIVE
PINION
SPACER
HELICAL
DRIVEN
INNER GEAR
BEARING
ASSEMBLY 1002771c
SUPPORT SUPPORT
Figure 5.10 1002773b
Figure 5.12
1. Place the carrier into a press so that the threaded end of the
pinion is UP. Place supports under the flange of the carrier so
5. Install the drive pinion into the helical driven gear. Verify that
that the carrier is level. Place a wood block under the head of
the splines on the pinion engage the splines inside the gear.
the pinion. Figure 5.11.
Figure 5.12.
2. Press the drive pinion out of the outer bearing cone. Remove
the cone. Figure 5.11. CAUTION
Do not apply pressure after the inner bearing cone touches the
Figure 5.11
inner bearing cup. If more pressure is applied, the cup, cone
PRESS OUTER
and drive pinion will be damaged.
BEARING
CONE 6. Place a protector onto the head of the drive pinion. Use a press
to install the pinion into the carrier so that the inner bearing
DRIVE
PINION
cone touches the bearing cup. At this time, the helical driven
gear will not be completely installed on the drive pinion.
Figure 5.12.
SUPPORT WOOD
BLOCK 7. Place the carrier into a press so that the threaded end of the
pinion is toward the TOP of the press. Place supports under the
SUPPORT
flange of the carrier so that the carrier is level. Place a wood
1002772b
block under the head of the drive pinion so the inner pinion
Figure 5.11 bearing cone touches the inner bearing cup. Figure 5.13.
3. Turn the carrier over so that the legs of the carrier are UP. Place CAUTION
supports under the carrier so that the carrier is level. Do not apply pressure after the helical driven gear touches the
spacer in front of the inner bearing on the drive pinion. If
4. Place the helical driven gear over the pinion bore in the carrier pressure is applied after the parts touch each other, the gear
so that the splines inside the gear are toward the FRONT of the will damage the spacer.
carrier. Place the large spacer on top of the helical driven gear
so that the spacer is toward the inner bearing cup. 8. Use a press and a sleeve to completely install the helical driven
Figure 5.12. gear onto the drive pinion. Use a sleeve on the hub of the gear
that fits inside the pinion bore in the carrier. Press the gear
onto the drive pinion until the gear touches the spacer.
Figure 5.13.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 41
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.13 14. Use a press and a sleeve to press the shaft of the drive pinion
PRESS out of the outer bearing cone. Do not press the shaft of the
HELICAL
drive pinion out of the helical driven gear.
SLEEVE
DRIVEN
GEAR 15. Remove the outer bearing cone and the two pieces of lead or
WOOD BLOCK solder from the outer bearing cone.
AND END OF
DRIVE PINION 16. Use a micrometer to measure the thicknesses of the
WOOD
MUST TOUCH compressed pieces of lead or solder. Add the measurements of
BLOCK
the two pieces and divide by two (2) to determine the average
SUPPORT SUPPORT size of the pieces. Add 0.004-inch (0.100 mm) to the average
1002774b size. Use this dimension to determine the size of the spacer to
Figure 5.13 install between the helical driven gear and the outer bearing.
Refer to Table G.
9. Cut two pieces of lead or solder approximately 0.5625-inch
Table G
(14 mm) long and 0.625-inch (16 mm) wide. Use the two
pieces of solder or lead as gauge blocks to determine the Example Inch (mm)
correct thickness of the spacer between the helical driven gear Thickness of piece number 1 0.504 (12.800)
and the outer bearing. Thickness of piece number 2 +0.506 (12.852)
10. Place the two pieces of lead or solder so that the pieces are Total thickness 1.010 (25.652)
opposite each other on top of the helical driven gear. Divide by two (2) to determine 0.505 (12.826)
11. Place the outer bearing cone into the cup over the two pieces the average thickness
of lead or solder on top of the helical driven gear. Add 0.004-inch (0.100 mm) to 0.509 (12.926)
determine the thickness of the
12. Remove the support from the flange of the carrier. Place a
spacer
sleeve on top of the outer bearing cone. Use a press to apply
two tons (1814 kg) of force to the outer bearing cone. The
17. Place a wood block under the head of the drive pinion so that
force of the press compresses the lead or solder pieces to the
the inner bearing cone on the pinion touches the inner bearing
correct size. Do not apply more than two tons (1814 kg) of
cup in the carrier. Remove the supports from the carrier.
force. Figure 5.14.
Figure 5.15.
Figure 5.14 Figure 5.15
PRESS — DO NOT PRESS — DO NOT
APPLY MORE THAN OUTER
BEARING APPLY MORE THAN
TWO TONS (1814 KG) TWO TONS (1814 KG)
OF PRESSURE SPACER CONE
SLEEVE OF PRESSURE
OUTER BEARING HELICAL SLEEVE
CONE DRIVEN
PIECES OF HELICAL DRIVEN GEAR
LEAD OR GEAR SPACER
SOLDER
ROTATE CARRIER
IN THESE
DIRECTIONS AS
CONE IS PRESSED
WOOD BLOCK —
ON PINION
MUST SUPPORT
HEAD OF PINION
1002775b
Figure 5.14 WOOD BLOCK — MUST
TOUCH HEAD OF
DRIVE PINION 1002776b
13. Release the pressure and remove the wood block from under
Figure 5.15
the head of the drive pinion.
42 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
CAUTION Torque Wrench Method
Do not apply pressure after the helical driven gear touches the 1. Place an inch-pound (N폷m) torque wrench and the correct
spacer in front of the inner bearing on the drive pinion. If socket onto the drive pinion nut. Figure 5.16.
pressure is applied after the parts touch each other, the gear
will damage the spacer. Figure 5.16
NOTE: The inner bearing cone on the drive pinion must touch the
inner bearing cup in the carrier when the helical driven gear is being
installed.
18. Use a press and a sleeve to completely install the helical driven Read
gear onto the drive pinion. Use a sleeve on the hub of the gear rotating
that fits inside the pinion bore in the carrier. Press the gear torque.
onto the drive pinion until the gear touches the spacer. Do not
remove the wood block at this time. Figure 5.14.
1002777c
19. Install the correct size spacer onto the shaft of the pinion in
Figure 5.16
front of the helical driven gear.
2. Use the torque wrench to rotate the drive pinion assembly.
NOTE: Verify that the wood block is still under the head of the drive
Inspect and record the torque level. Read while rotating the
pinion. The inner bearing cone on the pinion must touch the cup in
assembly. Record the dynamic or rotating torque not the
the carrier.
breakaway torque.
20. Install the outer bearing cone onto the shaft of the drive pinion. 3. The preload of the drive pinion bearings must be within the
Figure 5.15. following limits.
A. Place the outer bearing cone onto the shaft of the drive 앫 For new pinion bearings: 5-45 lb-in (0.56-5.08 N폷m)
pinion. rotational torque
B. Place a sleeve onto the top, inner race, of the outer 앫 For used pinion bearings: 10-30 lb-in (1.13-3.39 N폷m)
bearing cone. rotational torque
C. Use a press to apply two tons (1814 kg) of force on the 앫 If the preload is not within the specified limits: Remove
bearing cone to install the cone onto the shaft of the drive and replace the spacer between the outer bearing cone and
pinion. Rotate the carrier in both directions, so that the the helical driven gear. Refer to the procedure below.
carrier pivots on the drive pinion, while the cone is being
— To decrease the preload: Install a thicker spacer.
installed to verify that the bearing cone is correctly installed.
— To increase the preload: Install a thinner spacer.
21. Release the pressure and remove the carrier from the press.
Place the carrier in a repair stand. Spring Scale Method
22. Install the washer and the nut onto the drive pinion. Prevent the 1. Wind a cord around the washer under the nut of the drive
drive pinion assembly from rotating by using a fixture to hold pinion.
the teeth of the helical driven gear or place wood blocks
between the head of the pinion and the carrier wall. Tighten the 2. Attach a spring scale to the end of the cord.
nut to the specified torque. Refer to Section 8. Remove the 3. Pull the spring scale and cord in a horizontal direction while
holding fixture or the wood blocks. looking at the reading on the spring scale. Figure 5.17.
23. Use an inch-pound torque wrench or a spring scale to inspect
the preload of the bearings on the drive pinion.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 43
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.17
Spacer Replacement
NOTE: Do not grind spacers by hand. The surfaces must be
parallel within 0.0001-inch (0.0020 mm). You must use the
correct spacers.
1. Prevent the drive pinion assembly from rotating by using a
fixture to hold the teeth of the helical driven gear or place wood
Read blocks between the head of the pinion and the carrier wall.
rotating Remove the nut and the washer from the shaft of the drive
torque. pinion. Figure 5.18.
1002778c
Figure 5.17 Figure 5.18
4. Measure the outer diameter of the washer under the drive OUTER
pinion. Divide the outer diameter of the washer by two (2) to SPACER
BEARING
CONE
get the radius of the washer. Multiply the radius of the washer
by the reading on the spring scale to get the preload on the
pinion bearings. WOOD BLOCK
DOES NOT
TOUCH DRIVE
Example DRIVE PINION PINION
Outer diameter of the washer = 3.00-inches (76.20 mm)
Spring scale reading = 9 lbs (4 kg) SUPPORT SUPPORT
1002779c
Inch (mm) Figure 5.18
Outer diameter of the 3.00 (76.20)
2. Place the carrier into a press so that the threaded end of the
washer
pinion is toward the TOP of the press. Place supports under the
Divide the outer diameter by 1.50 (38.10) flange of the carrier so that the carrier is level. Place a wood
two (2) to get the radius of block under the head of the pinion. Verify that the wood block
the washer does not touch the head of the drive pinion.
Multiply the radius of the 13.50 lb-in (1.49 N폷m) 3. Press the drive pinion out of the bearing cone. Remove the
washer by the spring scale outer bearing cone from the differential carrier.
reading
4. Install the correct size spacer onto the shaft of the pinion over
5. The preload of the drive pinion bearings must be within the the helical driven gear.
following limits. 5. Repeat Step 20 through Step 23 under Drive Pinion Bearing
앫 For new pinion bearings: 5-45 lb-in (0.56-5.08 N폷m) Preload in this section.
rotational torque 6. When the preload is within the specified range, install the main
앫 For used pinion bearings: 10-30 lb-in (1.13-3.39 N폷m) differential case and ring gear assembly into the carrier. Refer
rotational torque to procedure in this section.
앫 If the preload is not within the specified limits: Remove
and replace the spacer between the outer bearing cone and
the helical driven gear. Refer to the procedure below.
— To decrease the preload: Install a thicker spacer.
— To increase the preload: Install a thinner spacer.
44 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Assembly Figure 5.19
FLANGE RING
CASE
Main Differential and Ring Gear HALF
GEAR
CAUTION BOLT HEAD
INSTALLED
Heat the ring gear before seating it onto the differential case. FROM FRONT
Do not press a cold ring gear on the flange case half. A cold OF GEAR
ring gear will damage the case half because of the tight fit.
1. Expand the ring gear by heating the gear in a tank of water to
160-180°F (71-82°C) for 10 to 15 minutes.
1002780d
WARNING Figure 5.19
Wear safe clothing and gloves for protection from injury when
working with the hot ring gear.
6. Tighten the bolts and nuts, if equipped, to the correct torque
value. Refer to Section 8.
2. Use a lifting tool to safely lift the ring gear from the tank of
water. 7. Inspect for gaps between the back surface of the ring gear and
the case flange. Use a 0.003-inch (0.080 mm) feeler gauge to
3. Install the ring gear onto the flange case half immediately after
inspect at four points around the assembly. Figure 5.20.
the gear is heated.
앫 If the gaps exceed specification: Inspect the flange case
앫 If the ring gear does not fit easily on the case half:
half and ring gear for the problem that causes the gap.
Heat the gear again.
Repair or replace parts as necessary. Reassemble the ring
4. Align the ring gear and flange case half fastener holes. Rotate gear on the flange case half. Reinspect for gaps.
the ring gear as necessary.
Figure 5.20
NOTE: If rivets were used to hold the ring gear to the flange case
half, replace them with bolts, nuts and washers. 140 Series carriers
with rivets are serviced with bolt kits for reassembly.
5. Install the bolts, nuts and washers, if equipped, that hold the
ring gear to the flange case half. Install the bolts from the front
side of the gear. The bolt threads must be installed from the
inside face of the ring gear and the nuts tightened from the
back of the ring gear. Figure 5.19. Check for
0.003" (0.080 mm)
gap at four
locations. 1002781d
Figure 5.20
8. Use a press and the correct size sleeve to install the bearing
cones onto both of the case halves. Figure 5.21.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 45
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.21 Figure 5.23
SPIDER, PINION
PRESS AND THRUST
WASHERS
SLEEVE
BEARING
CONE
CASE
HALF
SUPPORT SUPPORT 1003067d
Figure 5.23
1002782d 13. Install the second side gear and thrust washer over the spider
Figure 5.21
and differential pinions. Figure 5.24.
Figure 5.24
9. Apply axle lubricant on the inside surfaces of both case halves,
spider or cross, thrust washers, side gears and differential
THRUST
pinions. WASHER
10. Place the flange case half onto a bench with the ring gear teeth
toward the TOP. SIDE
PLAIN GEAR
CASE
HALF
CAUTION
The side gears in some carrier models have hubs of different
lengths. Install the correct length side gear into the flange
case half. Damage to components can result. 1003068b
Figure 5.24
11. Install one thrust washer and side gear into the flange case
half. Figure 5.22.
14. Place the plain half of the differential case over the flange half
Figure 5.22
and gears. Rotate the plain half as needed to align the match
marks. Figure 5.24 and Figure 5.25.
SIDE
GEAR
Figure 5.25
THRUST
WASHER PLAIN
CASE
FLANGE HALF
CASE HALF
MATCH
MARKS
1003066b
Figure 5.22
1003069e
12. Install the spider or cross, differential pinions and thrust Figure 5.25
washers into the flange case half. Figure 5.23.
46 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
15. Install Dri-Loc® or equivalent fasteners into the case halves. 2. Place the differential and ring gear assembly into a vise. Install
Refer to Section 4. soft metal covers over the vise jaws to protect the ring gear.
Figure 5.28.
A. Install four capscrews and washers or bolts, nuts and
washers into the case halves. The distance between the Figure 5.28
fasteners must be equal. Tighten the fasteners to the
correct torque value in a crisscross pattern opposite each TOOL FOR
CHECKING
other. Refer to Section 8. Figure 5.26. RESISTANCE
B. Install the other fasteners into the case halves. Tighten the
fasteners to the correct torque value. Refer to Section 8.
Figure 5.26
CRISSCROSS TIGHTENING PATTERN
SOFT
METAL
10 6 COVER
4 2 1003072f
13 15
Figure 5.28
8 12
3. Install the tool into the differential until the splines of the tool
11 7 are engaged with one side gear. Figure 5.28.
1 14
3
4. Place a torque wrench onto the nut of the tool and rotate the
16
5 9 differential gears. As the differential gears rotate, read the
1003070g
value indicated on the torque wrench. Figure 5.29.
Figure 5.26
앫 If the torque value exceeds 50 lb-ft (67.8 N폷m):
Disassemble the differential gears from the case halves.
16. Check the rotating resistance of the differential gears. The
Inspect the case halves, spider, gears and thrust washers.
differential assembly must rotate freely.
Repair or replace parts. Assemble the parts and repeat
Step 2 through Step 4.
Check the Rotating Resistance of the
Differential Assembly Figure 5.29
1. Make an inspection tool using an axle shaft that matches the
spline size of the differential side gear. Cut the shaft to
approximately 12-inches (304.8 mm). Weld a nut onto the end
of the shaft. Figure 5.27.
Figure 5.27
APPROXIMATELY
12" (304.8 MM) Read torque value.
SIDE
VIEW 1003073d
Figure 5.29
END WELD NUT
VIEW TO END
OF SHAFT 1003071c
Figure 5.27
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 47
5 Assembly and Installation
Installation Figure 5.31
ADHESIVE BEARING CAP
Main Differential Case and Ring Gear
Assembly Into the Carrier CARRIER LEG
1. If the bearing cones on the main differential case were
removed, install a new cone and cup in a fully-matched set
from the same manufacturer. The bearing cones are not
interchangeable. Use a press and sleeve to install the cones
onto the case. Press only on the inner race of the bearing.
Figure 5.30.
1003026d
Figure 5.30
Figure 5.31
PRESS
Figure 5.32
BEARING
CONE SLEEVE
BEARING
CUP
BEARING
CUP
LEG
BORE
1002786f 1002788d
Figure 5.30 Figure 5.32
2. Clean and dry the bearing cups and bores of the carrier legs 7. Install the bearing adjusting rings between the carrier legs.
and bearing caps. Hand-tighten the adjusting rings against the bearing cups.
3. Apply axle lubricant to the bearing cups and cones. Figure 5.33.
4. Apply Meritor specification 2297-T-4180 adhesive evenly in Figure 5.33
the bearing bores of the carrier legs and bearing caps. Cover ADJUSTING
RING
the surfaces completely. The adhesive must not contact the
adjusting ring threads. Figure 5.31. Refer to Section 4.
5. Install the bearing cups over the bearing cones in the case
halves. Figure 5.32.
6. Safely lift the differential and ring gear assembly and install it
into the carrier. The bearing cups must be flat against the
bores between the carrier legs. Figure 5.32.
LEG
1002789d
Figure 5.33
48 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
CAUTION Adjustment
The bearing caps must be correctly installed or the adjusting
rings will be damaged by cross-threading. Forcing the caps Differential Bearings Preload
into position can damage the caps and the carrier housing. Use either the dial indicator or the large micrometer method to
inspect and adjust the main differential side bearings preload.
8. Install the bearing caps over the bearings and adjusting rings in
the correct location as marked before removal. Figure 5.34.
NOTE: The roll pins for the adjusting rings are installed after the
Figure 5.34
tooth contact pattern is checked.
Dial Indicator Method
BEARING 1. Attach a dial indicator onto the carrier mounting flange so that
CAP
the plunger or the pointer is against the back surface of the
MATCH ring gear. Figure 5.35.
MARKS
Figure 5.35
DIAL
INDICATOR
1002790c
Figure 5.34
WARNING
Use a brass or synthetic mallet for assembly and disassembly
procedures. Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces
of a part can break off. Serious personal injury and damage to
components can result. 1003078d
Figure 5.35
CAUTION
If bearing caps are not installed correctly in the original carrier
locations, the bores and threads in the caps will not match the CAUTION
carrier. Forcing the bearing caps into the incorrect position will When you turn the adjusting rings, always use a tool that
result in damage to the carrier. engages two or more opposite notches in the ring. A T-bar
wrench can be used for this purpose. If the tool does not
9. Use a light leather plastic or rubber mallet to seat each bearing
correctly fit into the notches, damage to the lugs will occur.
cap. The caps must fit easily against the bearings, adjusting
rings and carrier. Do not force the bearing caps into position.
NOTE: On 160 Series axles, half of the bearing assembly extends
앫 If the bearing caps do not correctly fit into position: Check out of the bearing cap and carrier.
the alignment of the match marks between the caps and
carrier. Remove the caps and repeat Step 7 through Step 9. 2. Use a T-bar wrench to loosen the adjusting ring that is opposite
10. Install the capscrews and washers that secure the bearing the ring gear. A small amount of end play will show on the dial
caps to the carrier. Hand-tighten the capscrews four to six indicator. Figure 5.36.
turns, then tighten the capscrews to the correct torque value.
Refer to Section 8.
Do not install the capscrews, cotter pins or roll pins, if
equipped, that secure the bearing adjusting rings in position.
Continue by adjusting the preload of the differential bearings,
adjust the backlash of the hypoid gear and inspect the tooth
contact patterns.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 49
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.36 Figure 5.38
T-BAR
WRENCH
Bars must not
touch bearings.
ADJUSTING
RING OPPOSITE
RING GEAR 1002791d 1003081g
Figure 5.36 Figure 5.38
3. Use one of the following methods to move the differential and 4. Tighten the bearing adjusting ring until the dial indicator reads
the ring gear carefully to the left and right while you read the ZERO end play. Move the differential and ring gear to the left
dial indicator. and right as needed. If necessary, repeat Step A or Step B.
A. Insert two pry bars between the bearing adjusting rings 5. Tighten each bearing adjusting ring one notch from ZERO. The
and the ends of the differential case. The pry bars must side bearings of the differential should have a preload of
not touch the differential bearings. Figure 5.37. 15-35 lb-in (1.7-3.9 N폷m). Figure 5.39. @
B. Insert two pry bars between the differential case or the This procedure should expand the caps 0.008-0.010-inch
ring gear and the carrier at locations other than described (0.203-0.254 mm), and place the correct preload on the
in Step A. The pry bars must not touch the differential bearings when they are installed into the banjo housing.
bearings. Figure 5.38.
Figure 5.39
T-BAR
Figure 5.37
WRENCH
Bars must not
touch bearings. Tighten each
ring one notch.
1002794c
1003080f
Figure 5.39
Figure 5.37
6. Proceed to check ring gear runout.
50 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Large Micrometer Method Table H: Example
1. Hand-tighten the adjusting rings against the differential Distances X and Y BEFORE = 15.315-inches (389 mm)
bearings. tightening the adjusting rings
2. Use a large micrometer to measure distance X and Y between Distances X and Y AFTER = 15.324-inches (389.230 mm)
the opposite surfaces of the bearing caps. Record the tightening the adjusting rings
measurement. Figure 5.40 and Figure 5.41. 15.324-inches – 15.315-inches = 0.009-inch difference
Figure 5.40
389.230 mm – 389.000 mm = 0.230 mm difference
5. If the difference is at or within the specification in Table I:
Continue by checking the runout.
If the difference is less than the specification: Repeat as
needed.
Table I: Expansion Between Bearing Caps
RS-140, RS-145 and 0.002-0.009-inch
1003082d RS-160 carrier models (0.050-0.229 mm)
Figure 5.40 RS 120 and all other carrier 0.006-0.013-inch
models (0.15-0.33 mm)
Figure 5.41
MICROMETER Ring Gear Runout
1. Attach a dial indicator onto the carrier mounting flange.
Figure 5.42.
Figure 5.42
Rotate ring gear.
1003083d DIAL
INDICATOR
Figure 5.41
CAUTION
When turning the adjusting rings, always use a tool that
engages two or more opposite notches in the ring. A T-bar
1003084c
wrench can be used for this purpose. If the tool does not
correctly fit into the notches, damage to the lugs will occur. Figure 5.42
3. Use a T-bar wrench to tighten each bearing adjusting ring one 2. Adjust the dial indicator so that the plunger or pointer is against
notch. Figure 5.36. the back surface of the ring gear. Figure 5.42. Set the dial
4. Measure distance X and Y again. Compare the measurements indicator to ZERO.
with the distances X and Y measured in Step 2. The difference
between the two distances is the amount the bearing caps
have expanded. Refer to Table H.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 51
5 Assembly and Installation
3. Rotate the differential and ring gear. Read the dial indicator. After checking the tooth contact patterns, the backlash can be
The ring gear runout must not exceed 0.008-inch (0.200 mm). adjusted within the specification limits, if needed. To change the
location of the pattern, use the following procedures.
앫 If the ring gear runout is within the specification:
Proceed to Ring Gear Backlash. 1. Attach a dial indicator onto the carrier mounting flange.
Figure 5.44.
앫 If the ring gear runout exceeds the specification:
Remove the differential and ring gear assembly from the Figure 5.44
carrier. Refer to Section 3.
A. Inspect the differential parts, including the carrier, for
wear and damage. Repair or replace parts as necessary.
B. Install the main differential case and ring gear assembly
into the carrier. Refer to the procedure in this section.
C. Repeat the procedure for preload adjustment of the
differential side bearings.
Ring Gear Backlash 1003086d
Figure 5.44
Table J: Specifications
Ring Gear Pitch Range of Backlash Setting 2. Adjust the dial indicator so that the plunger is against the tooth
Diameter Backlash Setting for New Gear Sets surface.
Less than 17-inches 0.008-0.018-inch 0.012-inch 3. Adjust the dial indicator to ZERO. Hold the drive pinion in
(431.8 mm) (0.20-0.46 mm) (0.30 mm) position.
Greater than 0.010-0.020-inch 0.015-inch
4. After reading the dial indicator, rotate the differential and ring
17-inches (0.25-0.51 mm) (0.38 mm)
gear a small amount in both directions against the drive pinion
(431.8 mm)
teeth.
Measure the outer diameter of the ring gear for the approximate 앫 If the backlash reading is within the specification:
pitch diameter. Figure 5.43. Check the tooth contact patterns.
앫 If the old gear set is installed: Adjust the backlash to the 앫 If the backlash reading is not within the specification:
setting that was measured before the carrier was disassembled. Adjust the backlash as needed.
앫 If a new gear set is installed: Adjust the backlash to the 5. Loosen one bearing adjusting ring one notch. Tighten the
correct specification for new gear sets. opposite ring by the same amount.
앫 To increase the backlash: Move the ring gear away from
Figure 5.43
the drive pinion. Figure 5.45.
앫 To decrease the backlash: Move the ring gear toward the
drive pinion. Figure 5.46.
Measure outer
diameter for
approximate
pitch diameter.
1003090k
Figure 5.43
52 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.45
Examples
Tighten adjusting The following are part numbers for generoid gear sets.
ring this side.
앫 36786-K or 36786-K2 for the ring gear
앫 36787-K or 36787-K2 for the drive pinion
In the following procedures, movement of the contact pattern along
Loosen adjusting
Increase backlash. ring this side. the length of the tooth is indicated as toward the heel or toe of the
ring gear. Figure 5.48.
1002795b
Figure 5.45 Figure 5.48
HEEL
Figure 5.46
Loosen adjusting
ring this side.
TOE
Decrease backlash.
Tighten adjusting 1003090h
ring this side.
Figure 5.48
1002796b
Figure 5.46
Always check the tooth contact patterns on the drive side of the gear
teeth. Figure 5.49.
NOTE: When you adjust the backlash, only move the ring gear.
Do not move the drive pinion. Figure 5.49
6. Repeat Step 2 through Step 5 until the backlash is within
specification. Record the setting for use when you adjust the
pinion bearing preload.
Gear Set Tooth Contact Patterns, Backlash
Meritor carriers can have a conventional or a generoid hypoid gear
set. The tooth contact patterns for each type of gear set are
DRIVE
different. Check the part numbers to determine what type of gear SIDE
set is in the carrier. Refer to Figure 5.47 for the location of part (CONVEX) 1002797c
numbers. Refer to Section 4.
Figure 5.49
Figure 5.47
1. Adjust the backlash of a new gear set to either 0.012-inch
PART
(0.305 mm) or 0.015-inch (0.380 mm) depending on the size
NUMBER of the ring gear. Adjust the backlash of an old gear set to the
PART
NUMBER setting that was measured before the carrier was
PART NUMBER
OPTION disassembled. Refer to procedure in this section.
1003089c 2. Apply a marking compound onto approximately 12 gear teeth
of the ring gear. Rotate the ring gear so that the 12 gear teeth
Figure 5.47 are next to the drive pinion. Figure 5.50.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 53
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.50
Figure 5.52
1003092c
Figure 5.50 HIGH PATTERN 1002799b
Figure 5.52
3. Rotate the ring gear forward and backward so that the 12 gear
teeth go past the drive pinion six times to get the contact
pattern. Repeat, if needed, to get a more clear pattern. Figure 5.53
4. Look at the contact patterns on the ring gear teeth. Compare
the patterns to Figure 5.51, Figure 5.52 and Figure 5.53.
The location of a good hand-rolled contact pattern for a new
gear set is toward the toe of the gear tooth and in the center
between the top and bottom of the tooth.
When the carrier is operated, a good pattern will extend
approximately the full length of the gear tooth. The top of the
pattern will be near the top of the gear tooth. Figure 5.54.
The location of a good hand-rolled contact pattern for an old gear LOW PATTERN 1002800c
set must match the wear pattern in the ring gear. The new Figure 5.53
contact pattern will be smaller in area than the old wear pattern.
A high contact pattern indicates that the drive pinion was not Figure 5.54
installed deep enough into the carrier. A low contact pattern
indicates that the drive pinion was installed too deep in the
carrier.
앫 If the contact pattern requires adjustment: Continue by
following Step 5 to move the contact patterns between the
top and bottom of the gear teeth.
앫 If the contact patterns are in the center of the gear
teeth: Continue by following Step 6.
Figure 5.51
GOOD PATTERN IN OPERATION
1002801c
Figure 5.54
GOOD HAND-ROLLED POSITION 1002798c
Figure 5.51
54 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
5. Change the thickness of the shim pack between the pinion inner 6. Adjust the ring gear backlash within the specification range to
bearing cup and the differential carrier to move the contact move the contact patterns to the correct location along the
patterns between the top and the bottom of the gear teeth. length of the gear teeth. Refer to procedure in this section.
A. Remove the drive pinion, inner bearing cup and shims A. Decrease the backlash to move the contact patterns
from the carrier. Refer to Section 3. toward the toe of the ring gear teeth. Figure 5.57.
앫 To correct a high-contact pattern: Increase the B. Increase the backlash to move the contact patterns
thickness of the shim pack. When you increase the toward the heel of the ring gear teeth. Figure 5.58.
thickness of the shim pack, the drive pinion will move
C. Repeat Step 2 through Step 4 and Step 6 until the contact
toward the ring gear. Figure 5.55.
patterns are at the correct location along the length of the
앫 To correct a low contact pattern: Decrease the gear teeth.
thickness of the shim pack. When you decrease the
thickness of the shim, the drive pinion will move away Figure 5.57
from the ring gear. Figure 5.56. Move pattern toward
toe, loosen adjusting
B. Install the inner bearing cup, the shims and the drive ring this side.
Decrease
pinion into the carrier. Refer to procedure in this section. backlash.
C. Repeat Step 2 through Step 5 until the contact patterns are
in the center between the top and bottom of the gear teeth.
Tighten adjusting
Figure 5.55
ring this side. 1002804b
Figure 5.57
Figure 5.58
Move pattern toward
toe, tighten adjusting
ring this side.
Increase shim pack.
1002802b Increase. Loosen adjusting
backlash. ring this side.
Figure 5.55 1002805b
Figure 5.56
Figure 5.58
Decrease shim pack.
1002803b
Figure 5.56
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 55
5 Assembly and Installation
CAUTION Installation
If the carrier has cotter pins or capscrews, lock the adjusting
rings only with cotter pins or capscrews. If the carrier has roll Thrust Screw (If Equipped)
pins, reuse the roll pins. Do not force a roll pin into a cotter pin 1. Rotate the carrier in the repair stand until the back surface of
hole. Damage to components can result. the ring gear is toward the TOP.
7. Install the capscrews, cotter pins, roll pins or lock plates, if 2. Install the jam nut onto the thrust screw. Thread the jam nut to
equipped, that hold the two bearing adjusting rings in position. the middle of the thrust screw. Figure 5.60.
Use the following procedures.
Figure 5.60
A. Install capscrews between the lugs of the adjusting ring REAR CARRIER EXAMPLE
and through the boss of the bearing cap. New capscrews
THRUST SCREW
include a locking patch, which can only be used once. AND JAM NUT
If you are installing used capscrews, apply Loctite®
threadlocker to the capscrew threads before you install
the capscrews. Figure 5.59.
B. Install cotter pins between the lugs of the adjusting ring
and through the boss of the bearing cap. Bend the two
ends of the cotter pin around the boss. Figure 5.59.
1002806c
C. Use a drift and hammer to install the roll pin through the
boss of the bearing cap until the roll pin is between the Figure 5.60
lugs of the adjusting ring. Figure 5.59.
D. Install the lock plate onto the bearing cap so that the tab 3. Install the thrust screw into the carrier. Use a feeler gauge to
is between the lugs of the adjusting ring. Install the two verify that the clearance between the thrust screw and the ring
capscrews and washers that hold the lock plate to the gear is 0.025-0.045-inch (0.65-1.14 mm).
bearing cap. Tighten the capscrews to the correct torque 4. Loosen the thrust screw one-half turn or 180 degrees.
value. Refer to Section 8. Figure 5.59. Figure 5.61.
Figure 5.59
Figure 5.61
CAPSCREW COTTER PIN ROLL PIN REAR CARRIER EXAMPLE
Loosen thrust screw
1/2 turn.
LOCK
PLATE
THREADED HOLES IN
CAP WHEN LOCK
PLATE IS USED
1002807c
Figure 5.61
1003105e
Figure 5.59
56 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
5. Tighten the jam nut, if equipped, to the correct torque value 3. Install the shift shaft so the smaller part of the shaft goes
against the carrier. Refer to Section 8. Figure 5.62. through the fork and the spring.
To complete the assembly of axles equipped with 4. If removed, install the O-ring onto the piston. Apply axle
driver-controlled main differential locks, refer to Section 6. lubricant to the O-ring.
Figure 5.62
5. Install the piston onto the shift shaft.
REAR CARRIER EXAMPLE
WARNING
Hold thrust screw Tighten jam nut to
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small
in position. correct torque value.
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal
injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a
1002808c physician as soon as possible.
Figure 5.62 6. On flange-type cylinders, apply silicone gasket material onto
the mounting surface of the cylinder.
Air Shift Unit for the Inter-Axle Differential On threaded cylinders, apply a continuous 0.06-inch (1.5 mm)
Lock diameter bead of Loctite® flange sealant, Meritor part number
2297-D-7076, around the cylinder thread circumference.
Air Applied and Spring Release Models, Standard
1. Inspect the shift shaft for damage. Use an emery cloth to 7. Install the cylinder. On flange-type cylinders, install and tighten
remove any small damage. If necessary, replace the shift shaft. the capscrews 7-12 lb-ft (10-16 N폷m). @
Figure 5.63.
NOTE: The adjusting screw is set to the specified distance after the
Figure 5.63
input shaft assembly is installed.
BOLT-ON
IAD 8. Install the adjusting bolt and the jam nut.
COVER CAPSCREW
ADJUSTING
BOLT JAM
NUT SHIFT Spring Applied and Air Release Models (Reverse
SHAFT Shift Systems)
SPRING
COLLAR 1. Lubricate all the parts with axle lubricant. Figure 5.64.
Figure 5.64
O-RING BOLT-ON IAD REVERSE SHIFTER
PISTON O-RING SHIFT
“E” CLIP CYLINDER
SLOT
SCREW-IN SPRING
FORK IAD COVER
1002809b
Figure 5.63 COVER
SMALL
2. Place the spring and the shift fork into position in the carrier. SHIFT PISTON
O-RING SNAP RING
SHAFT
The spring must touch the screw side of the carrier. The boss “E” CLIP
O-RING
on the fork must be toward the adjusting bolt. REMOVED 1002810b
Figure 5.64
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 57
5 Assembly and Installation
2. Inspect the shift shaft for damage. If necessary, replace the Figure 5.65
shift shaft.
1 8
9
3. If removed, install new O-rings into the groove in the shift 10 13 15
shaft, into the groove in the shift cylinder and onto the piston. 5
4. Lubricate the bore of the shift cylinder with axle lubricant.
5. Install the piston into the shift cylinder.
2
6. Insert the shift shaft into the piston and shift cylinder assembly. 12 16
3 4 6 7 11 14
7. Install the small snap ring that fastens the piston onto the shift
shaft. 1002811d
8. Install the spring into the piston bore. 1 PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE ASSEMBLY 10 CAPSCREWS
2 OIL SEAL 11 OIL PUMP — UNITS
9. Install the gasket so that the tab on the gasket is under the 3 BEARING CAGE WITH OIL PUMP
4 O-RING 12 INPUT SHAFT
right capscrew bore.
5 BEARING CUP 13 THRUST WASHER
10. Place the shift cover onto the shift cylinder housing. Install two 6 BEARING CONE 14 HELICAL DRIVE GEAR
7 O-RING 15 INTER-AXLE
capscrews and washers to fasten the shift cover to the cylinder. 8 OIL BAFFLE — UNITS WITHOUT OIL PUMP DIFFERENTIAL
9 WASHER 16 SNAP RING
11. Install the assembly into the carrier so that the shift shaft is in
the bore of the shift fork. Figure 5.65
12. Install the “E” clip onto the shift shaft slot in front of the shift 2. If removed, install the bearing cup into the input bearing cage.
fork. Use a press and a sleeve to install the cup into the cage. The
13. Install the capscrews and washers that fasten the assembly to cup is correctly installed when the bottom of the cup is fully
the carrier. Tighten the capscrews to 7-12 lb-ft (10-16 N폷m). seated in the cage bore.
@ 3. If removed, install a new oil seal into the input bearing cage.
NOTE: The adjusting screw is set to the specified distance after the 앫 For unitized pinion seals: Refer to the unitized pinion seal
input shaft assembly is installed. installation procedure in this section and then proceed to
Step 4. Figure 5.66.
14. Install the adjusting bolt and jam nut. 앫 For all other seals: Refer to the following instructions.
Assembly Figure 5.66
Input Shaft, Bearing Cage, Oil Pump and
Inter-Axle Differential
UNITIZED
1. Apply axle lubricant to the parts as they are being assembled. SEAL
Figure 5.65.
TRIPLE-LIP SEAL
WITHOUT POSETM
FEATURE
TRIPLE-LIP SEAL
WITH POSETM
FEATURE 1003396b
Figure 5.66
58 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
A. Apply axle lubricant to the inner bore of the bearing cage Figure 5.68
or the outer diameter of the new oil seal. 0.015-0.03"
MEASURING SEAL GAP
(0.381-0.762 MM)
CAUTION
Hold the seal only on the outer diameter. Do not touch the lips
in the inner diameter of the seal. If you touch the lips on the
inner diameter of the seal, you will contaminate the lips and
could cause a leak between the shaft and the seal.
1002541c
B. Place the oil seal into the bearing cage so that the flange
is parallel to the top of the cage. Figure 5.68
C. Use a press and driver or flat metal plate to install the oil
NOTE: If you replace either the bearing cup or cone, replace both
seal into the bearing cage. Figure 5.67.
parts in a fully-matched set from the same manufacturer.
CAUTION 4. On carriers that do not use an oil pump, install the input
Do not apply pressure after the seal flange touches the top of bearing cage.
the cage or you will damage the cage.
A. If removed, install the bearing cone onto the input shaft.
D. Apply pressure until the metal flange of the seal is seated Use a press and sleeve to install the cone onto the input
to the top of the cage. shaft until it bottoms on the shoulder of the shaft.
Figure 5.69.
E. After the seal is installed, a gap of 0.015-0.030-inch
(0.381-0.762 mm) can exist between the flange and the B. Install the O-ring onto the input bearing cage.
cage. The gap is a normal condition because of the C. Place the cage over the input shaft so that the cup in the
flexible coating on the flange of the seal. Use a feeler cage is against the bearing cone.
gauge to measure the gap between the complete
flange-to-cage area. Figure 5.69
앫 If the gap varies more than 0.010-inch (0.254 mm)
between the highest and lowest measurement: PRESS
Remove and reseat the seal. Figure 5.68.
Figure 5.67
SLEEVE
BEARING
CONE
1002812b
Figure 5.69
1002540c
Figure 5.67
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 59
5 Assembly and Installation
G. Install the O-rings onto the oil pump and input bearing
CAUTION
cage.
On early design forward carriers, verify that the drive flats in
Figure 5.70
the bore of the pump are aligned with the flats on the input
shaft. If the flats are not aligned, the pump will be damaged.
NOTE: If you replace either the bearing cup or cone, replace both
parts in a fully-matched set from the same manufacturer.
OIL
PUMP
5. On carriers that use an oil pump, install the input bearing cage
and oil pump.
SPLINES
A. Position the input shaft so that the threads are toward
you.
앫 If dowel pins are used: Install the oil pump onto the INPUT
input shaft so that the dowel pin hole in the pump is SHAFT
toward the threads on the shaft. 1002542b
앫 If a drive flat design pump is used: Verify that the
drive flats in the bore of the pump are aligned with the Figure 5.70
flats on the input shaft.
Figure 5.71
앫 If a spline design pump is used: Verify that the
splines in the pump are aligned with the splines on the
PRESS
shaft. Figure 5.70.
CAUTION SLEEVE
When the bearing cone and the oil pumps are installed on the
input shaft, place supports under the input shaft. Do not place BEARING
CONE
supports under the oil pump. The oil pump will be damaged if
pressure is applied to the body of the pump. OIL
PUMP
B. Place supports under the input shaft.
C. Use a press and a sleeve to install the bearing cone onto 1002543b
the input shaft. The cone is correctly installed when the
bottom of the cone touches the shoulder on the shaft. Figure 5.71
Figure 5.71.
D. If removed, install the pressure relief valve assembly into Figure 5.72
PLUG
the input bearing cage. Install the relief valve, spring and SPRING
plug into the bore. Tighten the plug to 20-40 lb-ft
(27-54 N폷m). Figure 5.72. @
E. Install the input bearing cage over the input shaft on the
oil pump.
앫 If dowel pins are used: Verify that the dowel pins in
the cage are aligned with the holes in the oil pump.
F. Install the capscrews that fasten the oil pump to the input RELIEF
VALVE 1002544b
bearing cage. Tighten the capscrews to 22-23 lb-ft
(30-31 N폷m). @ Figure 5.72
60 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
CAUTION Figure 5.73
Do not use a Speedi-Sleeve with Meritor triple-lip oil seals. PRESS SLEEVE
The edge of the sleeve will catch and roll the center dust lip
and result in early seal leakage. Damage to components can YOKE,
SHOWN
result.
INPUT
SHAFT INPUT
6. Inspect the yoke surface. BEARING
CAGE
앫 If you installed a unitized pinion seal on the output
bearing cage: Refer to the clean and inspect the yoke after
installing a unitized pinion seal procedure in this section
and then proceed to Step 7. Figure 5.66.
앫 For all other seals: Refer to the following instructions.
1002813b
A. Inspect the yoke for scratches, corrosion or a wear track
Figure 5.73
from the previous oil seal. Replace the yoke if any of these
conditions exist.
8. Install the nut that fastens the yoke or the flange to the input
B. Inspect the lead chamfer of the yoke for nicks and burrs shaft. Hand-tighten the nut. Do not tighten the nut to the
which may damage the sealing tip during installation. specified torque until the bearing cage and pump assembly is
C. Wipe clean the yoke sealing surface and face. installed into the housing.
앫 If a yoke POSE™ seal is used: Install the seal 9. Place the thrust washer into the pilot bore on the end of the
1/2-inch (13 mm) onto the yoke hub. Refer to helical drive gear. The oil groove in the thrust washer must face
procedure in this section. the input shaft flange. Install the helical drive gear and the
thrust washer onto the input shaft so that the thrust washer is
toward the input bearing cage. Figure 5.74.
CAUTION
Use a press and a sleeve or yoke installation tool to install the Figure 5.74
yoke. Do not use a hammer or mallet. Using a hammer or
mallet can damage the bearings, yoke or flange.
7. Use a press and sleeve or an installation tool to install the yoke
or the flange onto the input shaft. If a press and sleeve are
used, verify that the input shaft is well supported. Figure 5.73.
If a yoke is removed after it has been partially or fully installed,
the unitized pinion seal will be damaged. Remove and discard
the original unitized pinion seal and replace it with a new one.
THRUST
If a yoke has been installed into the unitized pinion seal and WASHER 1002814b
then removed, the inner sleeve of the seal will be damaged.
Figure 5.74
Install a new seal.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 61
5 Assembly and Installation
10. If disassembled, assemble the inter-axle differential. NOTE: If you replace either the bearing cup or the cone, replace
both parts in a fully-matched set from the same manufacturer.
A. Apply axle lubricant to all of the inter-axle differential
parts.
12. If removed, install the bearing cup for the rear side gear into
B. Install the pinion gears and the thrust washers onto the the differential carrier. Use a press and a sleeve to install the
spider. cup into the carrier. If a press is not available, use a sleeve or a
long, brass drift and a hammer to install the cup. The cup is
C. Place the spider and pinion assembly into one of the case
correctly installed when the bottom of the cup is seated against
halves of the inter-axle differential.
the bottom of the bore. Figure 5.76.
D. Install the remaining case half over the case half with the
spider assembly. Verify that the marks on each case half Figure 5.76
REAR SIDE
are aligned. GEAR BEARING CUP
E. Install four of the capscrews that fasten the case halves CARRIER
together. Install the capscrews so that the capscrews are INPUT BORE
the same distance away from each other. Equally tighten
the capscrews to bring the case halves together.
F. Install the rest of the capscrews. Tighten the capscrews to
45-55 lb-ft (60-75 N폷m). @
11. Install the inter-axle differential to the input shaft so that the 1002816b
teeth in the differential case are away from the helical drive
Figure 5.76
gear. Install the snap ring that fastens the case to the shaft.
Figure 5.75.
NOTE: If you replace either the bearing cup or the cone, replace
Figure 5.75
both parts in a fully-matched set from the same manufacturer.
INPUT
SNAP SHAFT 13. If removed, install the bearing cone onto the rear side gear. Use
INTER-AXLE
RING
DIFFERENTIAL a press and sleeve to install the cone onto the gear. The cone is
correctly installed when the bottom of the cone touches the
shoulder on the side gear.
14. Install the oil screen and plug assembly into the suction line in
front of the carrier. Tighten the screen and plug assembly to
48 lb-ft (65 N폷m). Figure 5.77. @
Figure 5.77
HELICAL
HEADS OF BOLTS FACING
DRIVE
HELICAL DRIVE GEAR,
GEAR
EXCLUDES WELDED CASES 1002815b
Figure 5.75
1002817b
Figure 5.77
62 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Installation 5. Install the input shaft assembly into the differential carrier.
A. Connect a lifting device to the input yoke. Lift the input
Input Shaft Assembly shaft assembly over the bore in the differential carrier.
NOTE: The shim pack under the input bearing cage is installed after B. Lubricate the O-rings with axle oil.
the end play of the input bearing is inspected and adjusted.
C. On 160 Series carriers, rotate the inter-axle differential
1. Place the differential carrier into a repair stand so that the ring case so that one of the notches on the case is aligned
gear is facing DOWN. with the helical driven gear in the carrier. Figure 5.80.
2. If necessary, place the clutch collar into the differential carrier D. Lower the input shaft assembly into the differential carrier.
so that the teeth on the outside of the collar are toward the Figure 5.81.
input yoke. Install the clutch collar onto the shift fork so the Figure 5.80
tabs of the fork fit into the slot of the clutch collar.
Notches on case must
3. Install the rear side gear and bearing assembly through the be aligned over helical
clutch collar and into the differential carrier. Figure 5.78. INTER-AXLE driven gear.
DIFFERENTIAL
CASE HELICAL
Figure 5.78
DRIVEN
GEAR
REAR SIDE
GEAR
1002818b
Figure 5.78
1002820b
4. Verify that the painted alignment marks on the teeth of the
helical gears are visible during the installation of the input shaft Figure 5.80
assembly. Figure 5.79.
Figure 5.81
Figure 5.79
MATCH
MARKS
1002819e 1002821b
Figure 5.79 Figure 5.81
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 63
5 Assembly and Installation
Inspection 4. Build a shim pack. Use at least three shims when you build a
shim pack. Always place the thickest shims in the middle of the
Adjust the Input Bearing End Play shim pack.
1. Install the capscrews, but not the washers, that fasten the 5. Remove the capscrews that fasten the input bearing cage to
input bearing cage to the carrier. Rotate the input shaft in each the carrier.
direction to verify that the bearings are correctly installed while 6. Install the shim pack.
you hand-tighten the capscrews. Do not tighten the capscrews.
A. Connect a lifting device to the input yoke. Lift the input
2. Use a feeler gauge to measure the gap between the input shaft assembly until there is 0.25-0.50-inch (6-12 mm)
bearing cage and the differential carrier. Inspect the gap at four between the cage and carrier mounting surface.
equally-spaced places on the cage. Figure 5.82.
B. Install the shim pack under the bearing cage. Verify that
Figure 5.82
the hole pattern of the shim pack matches the hole
pattern of the cage. Figure 5.84.
C. Install the capscrews and washers that fasten the cage to
the carrier. Verify that the capscrews are aligned with the
holes in the shim pack. Tighten the capscrews so that the
threads engage in the holes of the carrier.
D. Lower the input shaft assembly so that the cage and the
shim pack are installed against the carrier. Remove the
lifting device from the yoke or flange.
E. Tighten the capscrews to 75-95 lb-ft (100-127 N폷m)
while rotating the input shaft in each direction to verify
that the bearings are correctly installed. @
Figure 5.84
1002574c
Figure 5.82
3. Add up the four measurements and determine the average gap
between the cage and the carrier. Add 0.005-inch (0.130 mm)
to the average gap measurement to determine the size of the
shim pack between the cage and the carrier. Figure 5.83.
Figure 5.83
SHIMS
1002575c
INPUT
BEARING Figure 5.84
CAGE
7. Apply Loctite® 277 threadlocker to the input shaft threads of all
SHIM PACK
CONTROLS END forward carriers prior to installation of the nut. Begin at the top
PLAY OF of the threaded area and allow the Loctite® threadlocker to run
INPUT BEARING
down the length of the threaded area.
8. Place a holding tool onto the input yoke or flange and tighten
the nut to the specified torque. Refer to Section 8.
9. Rotate the yoke at least one full turn after you tighten the yoke
1002822b
nut to the correct torque specification to ensure that the seal
Figure 5.83 seats correctly.
64 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
10. Inspect the end play of the input shaft. 12. On RT-145 carriers that do not use an oil pump, use the
A. Rotate the input shaft in each direction and push the yoke following procedure.
or flange toward the bearing cage. This ensures that the A. Remove the input shaft assembly from the carrier.
input shaft assembly is at the bottom of its travel.
B. Use a dial indicator with a magnetic base or a C-clamp WARNING
base to inspect the end play of the input bearing. Verify Take care when you use Loctite® adhesive to avoid serious
that the pointer of the dial indicator is against the top of personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
the input shaft. Set the dial indicator to ZERO. using this product. Follow the instructions carefully to prevent
Figure 5.85. irritation to the eyes and skin. If Loctite® adhesive material
gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s emergency
C. Use a pry bar and a support to push the yoke or the flange
procedures. Have your eyes checked by a physician as soon
away from the carrier. Read the dial indicator. The reading
as possible.
must be 0.002-0.008-inch (0.050-0.200 mm).
Figure 5.86. B. Spray Loctite® Primer N sealant on the cage and carrier
앫 If the end play of the input bearing is not faces around the perimeter of the lube trough hole at the
0.002-0.008-inch (0.050-0.200 mm): Add or two o’clock position. Figure 5.87. Allow the primer to dry
remove shims from the shim pack. Repeat Step 5 three to five minutes.
through Step 9.
C. Carefully apply Loctite® 518 sealant to the cage and
11. Place the shield for the oil filter onto the bearing cage. carrier faces around the lube trough hole. Avoid allowing
any excess Loctite® sealant accumulation in the bearing
Figure 5.85
cage bore. Figure 5.87.
DIAL
INDICATOR D. Use guide studs to install the input shaft and cage
assembly with the appropriate shim pack. Tighten the
capscrews to 95 lb-ft (128 N폷m). @
E. Allow four hours for the Loctite® 518 sealant to cure
before returning the vehicle to service.
Figure 5.87
PLATE GUIDE LUBE
STUD TROUGH
1002576b LOCATIONS
Figure 5.85
Figure 5.86
Apply Loctite®
sealant here.
1002823b
Figure 5.87
1002577b
Figure 5.86
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 65
5 Assembly and Installation
Installation 4. Use a press and sleeve to install the outer bearing cup into the
cage over the thru-shaft. Figure 5.90.
Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock Figure 5.90
Refer to Section 6 for installation procedures. PRESS
SLEEVE
Output Bearings and Thru-Shaft OUTER
BEARING
1. Apply axle lubricant to bearing cups and cones. Figure 5.88. CUP
OUTER
Figure 5.88
BEARING
OUTPUT BEARING CONE
SHAFT ASSEMBLIES SNAP
RING
OUTPUT CAGE INNER
YOKE BEARING
CUP 1002826d
Figure 5.90
OIL
SPACER SEAL 1002824b 5. Install the snap ring that fastens the outer cup in the cage. The
Figure 5.88 snap ring controls the end play of the output bearing.
Figure 5.91.
NOTE: If you replace either the bearing cup or the cone, replace
both parts in a fully-matched set from the same manufacturer. Figure 5.91
BEARING
CAGE
2. If the bearing cones were removed from the thru-shaft, install
SNAP
new bearing cones. Place both cones back-to-back onto the RING
thru-shaft. Use a press and sleeve to install both cones. Apply
pressure until the inner cone seats onto the shoulder of the
thru-shaft. Figure 5.89.
Figure 5.89
THRU-SHAFT
PRESS END VIEW
SLEEVE
1002717b
Figure 5.91
6. Install the snap ring or the yoke-to-cone spacer onto the
THRU-SHAFT thru-shaft until the snap ring touches the outer cone.
7. Inspect and adjust the end play of the thru-shaft bearing.
1002825b
Figure 5.89
3. Use a press and sleeve to install the inner bearing cup into the
cage. Place the thru-shaft and bearing assembly into the cage.
66 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Inspection 6. Place pry bars under the yoke or flange and push the yoke or
flange away from the cage. Record the reading on the dial
Adjust the Output Bearing End Play indicator. The reading must be 0.001-0.004-inch
(0.025-0.102 mm). The reading is the measurement of the
The output bearing end play is controlled by the size of the snap ring end play on the output bearing.
that holds the bearings in the output cage. The snap rings are
available in increments of 0.003-inch (0.076 mm). Install the snap 앫 If the end play reading is not 0.001-0.004-inch
ring which results in an end play of 0.001-0.004-inch (0.025-0.102 mm): Remove and replace the snap ring that
(0.025-0.102 mm). fastens the bearings in the cage. Install a thinner snap ring
to increase the end play. Install a thicker snap ring to
1. Place the thru-shaft and the bearing cage assembly into a vise decrease the end play. Figure 5.93.
with soft metal covers on the jaws of the vise.
7. Remove the nut that fastens the yoke or flange to the
2. Use an installation tool to install the yoke or flange onto the thru-shaft. Use the correct puller tool to remove the yoke.
thru-shaft. Do not use the nut to draw the yoke onto the shaft.
Do not install the oil seal at this time. Figure 5.93
OUTPUT BEARING END PLAY
3. Install the nut that fastens the yoke or flange to the thru-shaft.
Place a holding tool on the yoke or flange and tighten the nut to SNAP
RING
the specified torque. Refer to Section 8.
4. Push the yoke or flange toward the cage and rotate the shaft in
each direction to verify that the bearings are correctly installed.
5. Install a dial indicator so that the base of the indicator is on the
mounting flange of the cage. The pointer of the indicator must
touch the yoke or flange end of the thru-shaft. Set the dial
indicator to ZERO. Figure 5.92.
Figure 5.92
To increase end play, install a thinner snap ring.
To decrease end play, install a thicker snap ring.
1002585c
Figure 5.93
Installation
Unitized Pinion Seal
1. Remove the old seal. Do not damage the bearing cage seal
1002828b
surface area. Do not touch or allow dirt or grease to
contaminate the sealing surface areas or the adjacent
Figure 5.92 bearings.
2. Inspect the bearing cage seal area for damage that could
cause lubricant leaks after you install the seal. Use emery
paper or an equivalent product to remove scratches, nicks or
burrs only.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 67
5 Assembly and Installation
CAUTION CAUTION
Inspect the axle breather for contaminants, such as dirt, If a yoke is removed after it has been partially or fully installed,
lubrication or debris, which can cause pressure to build inside the unitized pinion seal will be damaged. Remove and discard
the axle. Damage to the seal and premature seal lip wear can the original unitized pinion seal and replace it with a new one.
result. Remove the axle breather. Use a safe cleaning solvent
to clean the inside and outside of the breather. If a yoke has been installed into the unitized pinion seal and
then removed, the inner sleeve of the seal will be damaged.
3. Inspect the axle breather for contaminants, such as dirt, Install a new seal.
lubrication or debris.
앫 If you find contaminants in the axle breather: Remove 5. Select the correct seal driver from Table K. Each seal driver is
the axle breather. Use a safe cleaning solvent to clean the designed to correctly install a specific diameter seal. To
inside and outside of the breather. determine the yoke seal diameter, measure the yoke journal.
4. Remove the replacement unitized seal from the package. To obtain the Meritor seal driver KIT 4454, refer to the Service
Figure 5.94. Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
Figure 5.94
4005523a
Figure 5.94
Table K: Unitized Pinion Seals and Seal Drivers*
Seal Service Previous Seal Seal
Single Models Tandem Models Axle Model and Position Part Number Part Number Drivers Sleeve Drivers
MX-21-160 RT-34-144 /P 14X/16X/18X/38X A1-1205X2728 A-1205R2592 2728T1 2728T2
MX-23-160R RT-34-145 /P Forward-Rear Unit Input
RF-16-145 MT-40-143 (FUI)
RF-21-160 RT-40-145 /A /P 14X/16X Forward-Rear Unit A1-1205Y2729 A-1205P2590 2729T1 2729T2
RF-22-166 RT-40-149 /A /P Output (FUO)
RF-23-185 RT-44-145 /P 14X Rear-Rear Unit Input A1-1205Z2730 A-1205N2588 2730T1 Not Required —
RS-17-145 RT-40-160 /A /P (RUI) Sleeve is unitized
RS-19-145 RT-40-169 /A /P 16X/18X Rear-Rear Unit A1-1205A2731 A-1205Q2591 2731T1 Not Required —
RS-21-145 RT-46-160 /A /P Input (RUI) Sleeve is unitized
RS-21-160 RT-46-169 /A /P
RS-23-160 /A RT-46-164EH /P
RS-23-161 /A RT-46-16HEH /P
RS-25-160 /A RT-50-160 /P
RS-23-186 RT-52-185*
RS-26-185 RT-58-185*
RS-30-185
* Forward and rear input only.
Forward input and output seals must be serviced with the seal and sleeve. The service part number provides both when required.
68 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
6. Position the driver and seal. Figure 5.95. Figure 5.96
RUBBER REFERENCE
앫 If you use the R4422401 driver tool to install a forward MALLET MARK
tandem axle seal: The driver tool outer spokes or fins
must fit between the bearing cage bolts. Ensure that the
bolts on the bottom of the bearing cage are not in the path
of the driver spokes.
앫 If the driver spokes contact the bearing cage bolts: The The seal must
driver will incorrectly install the seal into the bearing cage be fully seated
seat and can also result in damage to the driver. The in or against
SEAL the bearing cage.
reference mark on the driver tool must be in the 12 o’clock DRIVER
or the 6 o’clock positions when you install the new seal. R4422401 1003389d
Figure 5.95
Figure 5.96
Position the seal Installing a Multiple-Lip Seal (MLS)
driver to prevent the
driver spokes from 140, 160 and 180 Series Single Drive Axles
hitting the fastener
SEAL heads on the 140, 160, 180 and 380 Series Tandem Drive Axles
DRIVER forward tandem
output seals. Meritor multiple-lip seals feature a separable sleeve installed onto
the yokes at the tandem forward-rear input and forward-rear output
SEAL DRIVER
R4422401
positions. No sleeve is used on the rear-rear input.
FASTENER
HEADS 1003388c Installation of the new seals requires a set of four seal drivers and
two sleeve drivers. Refer to Table L for part numbers.
Figure 5.95
CAUTION
Use a rubber mallet to install the seal. Do not use a steel, brass
or plastic hammer. Using a steel, brass or plastic hammer can
damage the seal and driver tool.
7. Use a rubber mallet to drive the seal into or against the bearing
cage. The seal must fully seat into or against the bearing cage.
Figure 5.96.
8. Visually inspect the seal to verify that it is seated correctly.
Table L: Multiple-Lip Seal (MLS) Seal Drivers and Sleeves Part Numbers
Seal Service Previous Seal
Axle Model and Position Part Number Part Number Seal Drivers Sleeve Drivers
140, 160, 180 and 380 Forward-Rear Unit A1-1205X2728 A-1205R2592 2728T1 2728T2
Input (FUI)
140 and 160 Forward-Rear Unit Output (FUO) A1-1205Y2729 A-1205P2590 2729T1 2729T2
140 Rear-Rear Unit Input (RUI) A1-1205Z2730 A-1205N2588 2730T1 Not Required —
Sleeve is unitized
160 and 180 Rear-Rear Unit Input (RUI) A1-1205A2731 A-1205Q2591 2731T1 Not Required —
Sleeve is unitized
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 69
5 Assembly and Installation
Special Tools for Installing Multiple-Lip Seals (MLS) 2. Inspect the yoke seal area for damage that could cause
lubricant leaks after you install the seal. Use emery paper or an
Forward input and output seals must be serviced with the seal and
equivalent product to remove scratches, nicks or burrs only.
sleeve. The service part number provides both when required.
Check your application carefully before installing the multiple-lip seal. 3. Install the deflector, if equipped, onto the yoke. You must install
the deflector before you install the sleeve into the yoke.
There are six new installation drivers required for replacement of the
Figure 5.98.
multiple-lip axle yoke seals. Figure 5.97. To obtain these sleeves,
seals and drivers, call ArvinMeritor’s Commercial Vehicle Figure 5.98
Aftermarket at 888-725-9355.
앫 A sleeve driver and seal driver for the forward-rear input
앫 A sleeve driver and seal driver for the forward-rear output
앫 Two model specific seal drivers for the rear-rear input YOKE
Figure 5.97
DEFLECTOR,
2729T1 2730T1 2728T1 IF EQUIPPED
SLEEVE
2728T2 DRIVER 4004889a
Figure 5.98
2731T1
2729T2
4005371a WARNING
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press
Figure 5.97
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious
personal injury.
WARNING
Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces of a part can
Solvent cleaners can be flammable, poisonous and cause
break off. Serious personal injury and damage to components
burns. Examples of solvent cleaners are carbon tetrachloride,
and emulsion-type and petroleum-base cleaners. Read the can result.
manufacturer’s instructions before using a solvent cleaner,
4. Apply a light coat of axle oil to the yoke seal journal. Position
then carefully follow the instructions. Also follow the
the sleeve into the forward-rear axle output yoke sleeve driver.
procedures below.
Do not touch the greased areas of the sleeve. The sleeve must
앫 Wear safe eye protection. be kept clean prior to assembly into the seal. Use an arbor
press and the appropriate driver to install the sleeve into the
앫 Wear clothing that protects your skin.
yoke. Verify that the sleeve is fully-seated in the yoke to
앫 Work in a well-ventilated area. prevent damage to components. Figure 5.99.
앫 Do not use gasoline, or solvents that contain gasoline. The yoke must be fully pressed into the sleeve driver until the
Gasoline can explode. end of the yoke bottoms out in the sleeve driver. This will
앫 You must use hot solution tanks or alkaline solutions correctly position the sleeve on the yoke. When correctly
correctly. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before seated, the forward-rear output sleeve is positioned
using hot solution tanks and alkaline solutions. Then 0.200-inch ± 0.030-inch (5 mm ± 0.75 mm) from the end of
carefully follow the instructions. the yoke. Figure 5.100.
앫 If you do not have a press: Position the yoke on a
1. Clean the ground and polished surface of the yoke journal five-inch (127 mm) spacer on a workbench. Use a
using a clean shop towel and a safe cleaning solvent. Do not dead-blow hammer and the appropriate driver to install
use abrasive cleaners, towels or scrubbers to clean the yoke or the sleeve into the yoke. Figure 5.101.
flange surface. Do not use gasoline.
70 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.99
5. Apply a light coat of axle oil to the yoke seal journal. Position
FORWARD REAR OUTPUT the sleeve into the forward-rear axle input yoke sleeve driver.
WITHOUT DEFLECTOR
Do not touch the greased areas of the sleeve. The sleeve must
be kept clean prior to assembly into the seal. Use an arbor
press and the appropriate driver to install the sleeve into the
yoke. Verify that the sleeve is fully-seated in the yoke.
Figure 5.102.
The yoke must be fully pressed into the sleeve driver until the
SLEEVE end of the yoke bottoms out in the sleeve driver. This will
correctly position the sleeve on the yoke. When correctly
4004874a seated, the forward-rear input sleeve is positioned 0.030-inch
Figure 5.99 ± 0.030-inch (0.75 mm ± 0.75 mm) from the end of the yoke.
Figure 5.100.
Figure 5.100
앫 If you do not have a press: Position the yoke on a
five-inch (127 mm) spacer on a workbench. Use a
dead-blow hammer and the appropriate driver to install the
sleeve into the yoke. Figure 5.101.
YOKE
Figure 5.102
FORWARD-REAR INPUT
WITH DEFLECTOR
SLEEVE
DRIVER
End of the yoke
must bottom out
in the sleeve driver. SLEEVE
4004875a
INPUT POSITION: Figure 5.102
0.087" ± 0.030"
(2.21 MM ± 0.75 MM)
CAUTION
4004990a Hold the sleeve and seal only on the outer diameter. Do not
Figure 5.100 touch the greased inner diameter of the seal and the greased
area of the sleeve. This can contaminate the seal and cause a
Figure 5.101
leak between the shaft and the seal. Damage to components
can result.
6. Install the forward-rear axle input seal. Hold the sleeve and
seal only on the outer diameter. Position the seal into the seal
driver and align it with the forward-rear axle input bearing
cage. Do not touch the lips in the inner diameter of the seal.
5" (127 MM) Use a dead-blow hammer and the appropriate driver to install
SPACER the seal into the bearing cage. Figure 5.103.
4004991a
Figure 5.101
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 71
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.103 8. Install the rear-rear axle input seal. Hold the seal only on the
FORWARD-REAR INPUT outer diameter. Position the seal into the seal driver and align it
with the rear-rear axle input bearing cage. Use a dead-blow
hammer and the appropriate driver to install the seal into the
bearing cage. Figure 5.105.
Figure 5.105
REAR-REAR INPUT
4004876a
Figure 5.103
CAUTION
On axles that have the bolt-on deflector on the forward-rear
4004879a
output shaft bearing cage, the deflector must be removed and
discarded. The new forward output sleeve will not assemble Figure 5.105
correctly to the new output seal with the bolt-on deflector in
place. Remove the deflector from the output shaft bearing 9. Use a feeler gauge to check the seal gap at all three axle
cage and reassemble the output cage hex-head capscrews positions. The seal is correctly installed if the gap is less than
and washers according to the appropriate maintenance 0.005-inch (0.127 mm) around the circumference of the seal
manual instructions. Damage to components can result. flange. Figure 5.106.
7. Install the forward-rear axle output seal. Hold the sleeve and 앫 If the gap is more than 0.005-inch (0.127 mm): Use a
seal only on the outer diameter. Position the seal onto the seal dead-blow hammer and the appropriate driver to
driver and align it with the forward-rear axle output shaft. Do completely install the seal.
not touch the lips in the inner diameter of the seal. Use a
Figure 5.106
dead-blow hammer and the appropriate driver to install the
seal onto the output shaft. Figure 5.104.
Figure 5.104
FORWARD-REAR OUTPUT
4004877a
Figure 5.106
4004878a
Figure 5.104
72 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Clean and Inspect the Yoke After Installing a Figure 5.107
Unitized Pinion Seal UNITIZED PINION SEAL (UPS)
WARNING
Solvent cleaners can be flammable, poisonous and cause
A B
burns. Examples of solvent cleaners are carbon tetrachloride,
and emulsion-type and petroleum-base cleaners. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a solvent cleaner,
then carefully follow the instructions. Also follow the Yoke Seal Minimum Yoke Diameter
procedures below. Diameter at Groove (Inches)
3.000/3.005" 2.990"
앫 Wear safe eye protection. 3.250/3.255" 3.240"
앫 Wear clothing that protects your skin. 1003390e
앫 Work in a well-ventilated area. A MINIMUM GROOVE DEPTH — DIAMETER
B YOKE SEAL DIAMETER
앫 Do not use gasoline, or solvents that contain gasoline.
Figure 5.107
Gasoline can explode.
앫 You must use hot solution tanks or alkaline solutions
correctly. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
CAUTION
Do not install a POSE™ seal after you install a unitized pinion
using hot solution tanks and alkaline solutions. Then
seal. The use of a POSE™ seal will prevent correct seating of
carefully follow the instructions.
the unitized pinion seal on the yoke and can result in lubricant
leakage at the seal. POSE™ seal installation is recommended
1. Use a clean shop towel and a safe cleaning solvent to clean the
only for triple-lip and other previous design seals.
ground and polished surface of the yoke journal. Do not use
gasoline, abrasive cleaners, towels or scrubbers to clean the
Do not use thin metal wear sleeves to refresh the yoke surface.
yoke. Do not attempt to polish the yoke. Wear sleeves pressed onto the yoke can prevent correct
seating of the pinion seal, damage the pinion seal assembly
NOTE: The unitized seal features a rubber inner sleeve that is and can cause the seal to leak.
designed to seal and rotate with the yoke. This feature allows you to
reuse a yoke with minor grooves. 3. Before you install the yoke, lightly lubricate or coat the yoke
seal journal with axle oil.
2. Inspect the yoke seal surface for grooves.
4. Align the yoke splines with the shaft splines. Slide the yoke
앫 If you find grooves on the yoke: Use calipers to measure over the shaft spline.
the groove diameters. If any groove diameter measures less
than the dimensions shown in Figure 5.107, replace the
yoke.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 73
5 Assembly and Installation
Tight Fit Yokes and POSE™ Seal Output Yoke or Flange and Oil Seal for the
1. Apply axle lubricant to the hub of the yoke or flange. Output Bearing Cage
Figure 5.108.
CAUTION
Figure 5.108
Hold the seal only on the outer diameter. Do not touch the lips
Lubricate triple-lip in the inner diameter of the seal. If you touch the lips on the
or main seal.
inner diameter of the seal, you will contaminate the lips and
cause a leak between the shaft and the seal.
Do not apply pressure after the flange of the seal touches the
INPUT SHAFT top of the cage or you will damage the seal.
OR PINION
POSETM SEAL, 1. Prepare the seal for installation.
Inspect
0.25-0.50"
yoke (6.4-12.7 MM) A. Apply axle lubricant to the inner bore of the output bearing
hub. ONTO HUB 1002761b cage or the outer diameter of the new oil seal.
Figure 5.108 B. Place the oil seal into the cage so that the flange is
parallel to the top of the cage.
2. Verify that the lips of the POSE™ seal and the outer retainer of
C. Use a press and sleeve, or a mallet and sleeve, to install
the triple-lip seal or main seal are clean and free from dirt and
the seal into the cage. The seal is correctly installed when
particles that may cause lubricant leakage between the seals.
the metal flange of the seal seats on the top of the cage.
3. Install the POSE™ seal onto the hub of the yoke or flange by Figure 5.110.
hand. The lips of the seal must face toward the end of the hub,
opposite shoulder. Slide the POSE™ seal onto the hub until the NOTE: The gap cannot be measured in the RT-40-145. The seal
lips are 0.25-0.50-inch (6.4-12.7 mm) from the end of the seats below the lip.
hub. Do not install the POSE™ seal against the shoulder.
Figure 5.109. D. After the seal is installed, a gap of 0.015-0.030-inch
(0.381-0.762 mm) can exist between the flange and the
Figure 5.109
cage. The gap is a normal condition because of the
0.25-0.50" flexible coating on the flange of the seal. Use a feeler
(6.4-12.7 MM)
gauge to measure the gap around the complete
flange-to-cage area.
앫 If the gap varies more than 0.010-inch (0.254 mm)
between the highest and lowest measurement:
Remove and reseat the seal. Figure 5.111.
YOKE HUB
FACE SEAL ASSEMBLY, Figure 5.110
POSETM SEAL ELEMENT
PRESS FLAT METAL
1002762a PLATE
Figure 5.109
SLEEVE
4. Before you install the yoke or flange onto the shaft, apply axle OIL
lubricant to the hub. SEAL
NOTE: The POSE™ seal will position itself correctly as the yoke or
flange is pressed on the shaft.
BEARING CAGE
5. Install the yoke or flange using the correct procedure. The yoke 1002829b
must be completely seated before you tighten the pinion nut to
Figure 5.110
the input shaft.
74 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.111
CAUTION
MEASURING SEAL GAP 0.015-0.03" Use a press and a sleeve or yoke installation tool to install the
(0.381-0.762 MM)
yoke. Do not use a hammer or mallet. Using a hammer or
mallet can damage the bearings, yoke or flange.
If a yoke is removed after it has been partially or fully installed,
the unitized pinion seal will be damaged. Remove and discard
the original unitized pinion seal and replace it with a new one.
1002541c
If a yoke has been installed into the unitized pinion seal and
Figure 5.111
then removed, the inner sleeve of the seal will be damaged.
Install a new seal.
CAUTION
Do not use a Speedi-Sleeve with Meritor triple-lip oil seals. 3. Use a press and sleeve or an installation tool to install the yoke
The edge of the sleeve will catch and roll the center dust lip or flange onto the thru-shaft. Verify that the splines inside the
and result in early seal leakage. yoke or flange are aligned with the splines on the thru-shaft.
If a press and sleeve are used, verify that the thru-shaft is
2. Inspect the yoke surface. supported.
앫 If you installed a unitized pinion seal on the output 4. Apply a single bead of Loctite® 277 adhesive (part number
bearing cage: Refer to the clean and inspect the yoke after 1199Y3795) or Loctite® 270 adhesive (part number
installing a unitized pinion seal procedure in this section 2297M5213) at the top of the thru-shaft threads from inboard
and then proceed to Step 3. to outboard. The bead should be 0.120-inch wide.
앫 For all other seals: Refer to the instructions below. 5. Install the nut that fastens the output yoke or flange to the
thru-shaft. Place a holding tool on the yoke or flange and
A. Inspect the yoke surface for scratches, corrosion or a tighten the nut to the specified torque. Refer to Section 8.
wear track from the previous oil seal. Replace the yoke if
any of these conditions exist. 6. Rotate the yoke at least one full turn after the yoke nut is
tightened to the correct torque specification. This ensures
B. Inspect the lead chamfer of the yoke for nicks and burrs correct seating of the seal.
which may damage the sealing lip during installation. Use
an emery cloth to repair nicks and burrs.
C. Wipe clean the yoke sealing surface and face.
D. Clean the splines in the yoke or flange and on the
thru-shaft.
E. Apply axle lubricant to the splines in the yoke or flange
and the thru-shaft.
앫 If a POSE™ seal is used: Refer to the tight fit yokes
and POSE™ seal installation procedure in this section.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 75
5 Assembly and Installation
Differential Carrier into the Axle Housing Figure 5.112
WARNING
Solvent cleaners can be flammable, poisonous and cause
burns. Examples of solvent cleaners are carbon tetrachloride,
and emulsion-type and petroleum-base cleaners. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a solvent cleaner,
then carefully follow the instructions. Also follow the
procedures below.
0.25" (6 MM)
앫 Wear safe eye protection. DIAMETER SILICONE
4004435a
GASKET BEAD
앫 Wear clothing that protects your skin.
앫 Work in a well-ventilated area. Figure 5.112
앫 Do not use gasoline, or solvents that contain gasoline.
6. On an axle with a driver-controlled main differential lock, shift
Gasoline can explode.
the lock into and hold the lock in the locked or engaged
앫 You must use hot solution tanks or alkaline solutions
position. The locked position provides enough clearance
correctly. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
between the shift collar and the axle housing for carrier
using hot solution tanks and alkaline solutions. Then
installation. Refer to Section 6.
carefully follow the instructions.
1. Use a cleaning solvent and rags to clean the inside of the axle 7. Use a hydraulic roller jack or a lifting tool to install the carrier
housing and the carrier mounting surface. Refer to Section 4. into the axle housing. Figure 5.113.
2. Inspect the axle housing for damage. Repair or replace the axle Figure 5.113
housing. Refer to Section 4.
3. Check for loose studs, if equipped, in the mounting surface of
the housing where the carrier fastens. Remove and clean the
studs that are loose.
4. Install the studs into the axle housing. Refer to procedure in
this section. Tighten the studs to 150-230 lb-ft
(203-312 N폷m). @
ROLLER
WARNING JACK
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small 1002831d
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal
Figure 5.113
injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone WARNING
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s Take care when you use Loctite® adhesive to avoid serious
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
physician as soon as possible. using this product. Follow the instructions carefully to prevent
irritation to the eyes and skin. If Loctite® adhesive material
CAUTION
gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s emergency
Apply silicone gasket material in a continuous 0.25-inch
procedures. Have your eyes checked by a physician as soon
(6 mm) bead. If you use more than this amount, gasket
as possible.
material can break off and plug lubrication passages. Damage
to components can result.
8. Spray the capscrew threads with Loctite® sealant. Allow the
5. Apply a 0.25-inch (6 mm) continuous bead of silicone gasket primer to dry for three to five minutes.
material to the mounting surface of the housing where the
carrier fastens. Figure 5.112.
76 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
11. Repeat Step 10 until the four fasteners are tightened to the
CAUTION
correct torque value.
Do not use a hammer or mallet to install the carrier. A hammer
or mallet will damage the mounting flange of the carrier and 앫 For fasteners with standard flat washers: Tighten the
cause oil leaks. fasteners to 150-230 lb-ft (204-312 N폷m). @
앫 For fasteners with Nord-Lock® washers: Tighten the
NOTE: Nord-Lock® washers are reusable, but replace them if they
fasteners to 210 lb-ft (287 N폷m). @
are leaking.
12. Install the remaining fasteners and the washers that hold the
9. Install the nuts and washers or the capscrews and washers carrier in the axle housing. Tighten the fasteners to the correct
into the four corner locations around the carrier and the axle torque value. Refer to Section 8.
housing. Hand-tighten the fasteners. Do not tighten to the
specified torque. 13. Install the washers and tighten the capscrews that fasten the
output bearing cage to the axle housing. Tighten the
앫 For fasteners with Nord-Lock® washers: Install the capscrews to 35-50 lb-ft (48-67 N폷m). @
washers with the radial teeth side facing the carrier.
Figure 5.114. 14. Adjust the shift fork for the inter-axle differential lock. The
movement of the shift fork is controlled by the adjusting screw
10. Carefully push the carrier into position. Alternately tighten the
for the air-shift cylinder.
four fasteners two or three turns. Figure 5.115.
A. Loosen the jam nut on the adjusting screw. Loosen the
Figure 5.114 adjusting screw so that the screw does not touch the shift
RADIAL
TEETH shaft. Figure 5.116.
SIDE
B. Apply and hold 60 psi (413 kPa) of air pressure to the
shift cylinder so that the shift collar engages the splines in
the inter-axle differential case.
C. Verify that the adjusting screw does not touch the shift
shaft when the shift collar engages the inter-axle
differential case.
CAM D. Tighten the adjusting screw until the tip of the screw
SIDE
1003391b touches the end of the shift shaft. Release the air
pressure.
Figure 5.114
E. When the screw touches the shaft, tighten the adjusting
Figure 5.115
screw an additional one turn. Apply air pressure, then
tighten the jam nut. Figure 5.117.
FASTENER
F. Disengage the inter-axle differential lock by holding the
input yoke or flange and rotating the output yoke or
FASTENER,
HIDDEN flange. The output yoke or flange should rotate with less
than 50 lb-ft (67 N폷m) of torque applied. @
G. Apply and hold 60 psi (413 kPa) of air pressure to the
shift cylinder to verify that the shift collar engages the
splines in the inter-axle differential case. When the input
yoke or flange is rotated, the output yoke or flange must
rotate. Release the air pressure.
FASTENERS 1002832b H. Apply a rust prevention oil such as Meritor part number
Figure 5.115 1199-U-1113 or equivalent to the inlet of the air cylinder.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 77
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.116
Figure 5.118
SHIFT
Loosen the jam nut SHAFT
and adjusting screw. OIL
FILTER
OIL FILTER
ADAPTER
1002833c
Figure 5.116 1002706b
Figure 5.118
Figure 5.117
Tighten the adjusting
screw one turn after
the screw touches Apply 60 psi (413 kPa)
Axle Shaft
the end of the shaft. of air pressure here.
WARNING
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal
injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s
SHIFT
SHAFT 1002834b emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a
Figure 5.117
physician as soon as possible.
Take care when you use Loctite® adhesive to avoid serious
15. Connect the vehicle driveshafts to the input and the thru yokes
personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
or flanges.
using this product. Follow the instructions carefully to prevent
16. Connect the air lines to the inter-axle differential air cylinder irritation to the eyes and skin. If Loctite® adhesive material
and, if used, the main differential lock cylinder. gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s emergency
17. On axles with a main differential lock, connect the electrical procedures. Have your eyes checked by a physician as soon
connector of the sensor unit. Verify that the main differential as possible.
lock is disengaged.
18. If removed, install the oil filter adapter onto the differential Tapered Dowel, Hardened Washer and Hardened Nut
carrier. Use Meritor specification 2297-T-4180 adhesive or 1. Clean the mating surfaces of the axle shaft and wheel hub.
equivalent. Refer to Section 4. Tighten the adapter to
40-60 lb-ft (55-80 N폷m). Figure 5.118. @ 2. If silicone gasket material is used, apply a 0.125-inch (3 mm)
diameter bead of the gasket material around the mating
CAUTION surface of the hub and around the edge of each fastener hole.
If the oil filter is tightened more than 3/4 of a turn after it
contacts the carrier, the oil filter will be damaged and leak
fluid. Damage to components can result.
19. Apply axle lubricant to the gasket of the new oil filter. Install the
oil filter onto the adapter. When the gasket on the filter
contacts the carrier, tighten the oil filter an additional 3/4 of a
turn. If necessary, use an oil filter wrench to tighten the filter.
Figure 5.118.
78 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
3. Install the gaskets and axle shafts into the axle housing and Figure 5.120
carrier. The gasket and flange of the axle shafts must fit flat AXLE
against the wheel hub. Figure 5.119. HOUSING TAPPED BLIND
HOLE TAPPED
THRU-SHAFT
HOLE
4. If the wheel hubs have tapered hole studs, install solid tapered CAGE
dowels onto each stud and onto the flange of the axle shaft.
Figure 5.119.
Figure 5.119
TAPERED DOWEL RETENTION
STUD
STUD WASHER
NUT GASKET
TAPERED
DOWEL YOKE
CAPSCREW THRU-DRILLED
THRU-DRILLED TAPPED HOLE
TAPPED HOLE 1002836b
Figure 5.120
WASHER 11. Install solid tapered dowels over each stud and into the flange
CAPSCREW AXLE SHAFT of the axle shaft. Use a punch or a drift and hammer, if
SHAFT OR HUB
NON-TAPERED FLANGE AXLE necessary.
DOWEL RETENTION 1002581b
12. Install the Grade 8 nuts and hardened washers onto the stud.
Figure 5.119 Lock washers are an acceptable alternative. Tighten the stud
nuts to the torque specified in Table M.
5. If the wheel hubs have straight hole studs, install the nuts and
Table M: Shaft-to-Hub Torque Fastener Chart — Tapered
washers onto the studs. Figure 5.119. Tighten the nuts to the
Dowel Applications
correct torque value. Refer to Section 8.
6. Position the gasket between the thru-shaft bearing cage and Thread Torque Value — Grade 8 Nuts lb-ft (N폷m)
the axle housing. Fastener Size Plain Nut Locknut
7. Install the thru-shaft and bearing cage assembly into the axle Stud Nut 0.44-20 50-75 (68-102) 40-65 (54-88)
housing. Rotate the thru-shaft to align the splines of the or Axle 0.50-20 75-115 (102-156) 65-100 (88-136)
thru-shaft with the splines of the rear side gear. Shaft
0.56-18 110-165 (150-224) 100-145 (136-197)
8. Clean the cage-to-housing capscrews. Remove RTV residue 0.62-18 150-230 (204-312) 130-190 (176-258)
from the thru-drilled tapped holes.
Studs All Install the coarse thread end of the stud into
9. Apply a 0.25-inch (6 mm) length bead of Loctite® 518 sealant the hub and tighten to the last thread.
in the thru-drilled tapped holes located at the two, five and
eight o’clock positions. Figure 5.120. 13. Fill the axle with the specified lubricant. Refer to procedure in
10. Install the gasket and axle shaft into the housing. The gasket this section.
and flange of the axle shaft must fit flat against the wheel hub.
Straight Holes, Nuts and Hardened Washers
Figure 5.119.
1. Clean the mating surfaces of the axle shaft and wheel hub.
2. If silicone gasket material is used, apply a 0.125-inch (3 mm)
diameter bead of the gasket material around the mating
surface of the hub and around the edge of each fastener hole.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 79
5 Assembly and Installation
3. Install the gaskets and axle shafts into the axle housing and Table N: Shaft-to-Hub Torque Fastener Chart —
carrier. The gasket and flange of the axle shafts must fit flat Non-Tapered Dowel Applications
against the wheel hub. Figure 5.119.
Thread Torque Value — Grade 8 Nuts lb-ft (N폷m)
4. If the wheel hubs have tapered hole studs, install solid tapered Fastener Size Plain Nut Locknut
dowels onto each stud and onto the flange of the axle shaft. Stud Nut 0.62-18 150-230 (203-312) 130-190 (176-258)
Figure 5.119. or Axle 0.75-16 310-400 (420-542) 270-350 (366-475)
5. If the wheel hubs have straight hole studs, install the nuts and Shaft
washers on the studs. Tighten the nuts to the correct torque Studs All Install the coarse thread end of the stud into
value. Refer to Section 8. the hub and tighten to the last thread.
6. Position the gasket between the thru-shaft bearing cage and
the axle housing. Fill the Axle with Lubricant
7. Install the thru-shaft and bearing cage assembly into the axle NOTE: For additional lubrication information, refer to Maintenance
housing. Rotate the thru-shaft to align the splines of the Manual 1, Preventive Maintenance and Lubrication. To obtain this
thru-shaft with the splines of the rear side gear. publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover
8. Clean the cage-to-housing capscrews. Remove RTV residue of this manual.
from the thru-drilled tapped holes. 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. When the angle of the drive
® pinion changes, the lubricant capacity of the axle will change.
9. Apply a 0.25-inch (6 mm) length bead of Loctite 518 sealant
in the thru-drilled tapped holes located at the two, five and 2. Remove the fill plug from the side of the bowl cover of the axle
eight o’clock positions. Figure 5.121. housing. Figure 5.122.
Figure 5.121
Figure 5.122
AXLE FILL PLUG LOCATION IN BACK
HOUSING TAPPED BLIND OF AXLE HOUSING BOWL
HOLE TAPPED
THRU-SHAFT
HOLE
CAGE
FILL
PLUG
TEMPERATURE
INDICATOR
PLUG — DO
NOT REMOVE
1002591c
YOKE
CAPSCREW THRU-DRILLED Figure 5.122
THRU-DRILLED TAPPED HOLE
TAPPED HOLE 1002836b
3. Fill the axle with lubricant until the lubricant level is to the
Figure 5.121 bottom of the fill plug hole. Refer to Section 7.
4. Install the fill plug. Tighten the fill plug to 35 lb-ft (47 N폷m).
10. Install the gasket and axle shaft into the housing. The gasket When correctly installed, one complete thread of the fill plug is
and flange of the axle shaft must fit flat against the wheel hub. visible between the housing and plug head. @
Figure 5.119.
5. Road test the vehicle in an unloaded condition for one to two
11. Install the Grade 8 nuts and hardened washers on the stud. miles (1.6-3.2 km) at speeds not more than 25 mph (40 kmh).
Lock washers are an acceptable alternative. Tighten the stud Recheck the lubricant levels and all the fasteners.
nuts to the torque specified in Table N.
6. If used, inspect the operation of the driver-controlled main
12. Fill the axle with the specified lubricant. Refer to procedure in differential lock. Refer to Section 6.
this section.
80 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Hazard Alert Messages The Axle Shafts Were Removed for Towing with the
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Differential in the Unlocked or Disengaged Position
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent Install the left-hand axle shaft into the housing before continuing.
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both. Perform the following steps for reinstalling the axle shafts into the
axle housing.
WARNING 1. Remove the protective covers, if used, from the wheel-end hubs.
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. 2. If the drive axles are equipped with a main differential lock,
shift the differential to the unlocked or disengaged position.
Description Install the axle shafts with two sets of splines and new gaskets
in the correct location as follows. Figure 5.119.
Some Meritor drive axle models have a driver-controlled main
differential lock (DCDL). This differential lock is operated by a A. Push the axle shaft and gasket into the hub and housing
carrier-mounted, air-actuated shift unit. When activated, the shift until the shaft stops against the differential lock collar.
unit moves a sliding collar which is installed on the splines of the B. Push down and in on the axle shaft flange and rotate the
axle shaft. When engaged, the collar locks the axle shaft to a shaft until the splines of the shaft and the shift collar are
second set of splines on the differential case. Both driven wheels engaged.
are then simultaneously engaged. Figure 6.1.
C. Push the axle shaft further into the housing until the shaft
Figure 6.1 stops against the differential side gear.
SHIFT
COLLAR
D. Push down on the axle shaft flange and rotate the shaft
until the splines of the shaft and the side gear are
engaged.
E. Push the axle shaft completely into the housing until
the axle shaft flange and gasket are flush against the
SHIFT wheel hub.
FORK
SENSOR O-RING Engagement or Lockout of the DCDL
PISTON
CYLINDER
SPRING WARNING
CAPSCREW
SHIFT SHAFT MANUAL During DCDL disassembly or carrier removal, when the DCDL
ENGAGING is in the locked or engaged position and one of the vehicle’s
1002837c wheels is raised from the floor, do not start the engine and
Figure 6.1 engage the transmission. The vehicle can move and cause
serious personal injury. Damage to components can result.
Meritor carrier models with driver-controlled differential lock
equipment are manufactured in metric dimensions and sizes. When Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
these carriers are serviced, it is important to use the correct metric prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
size tools on the fasteners. Refer to Section 8. safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
damage to components can result.
Removal
Differential Carrier from the Axle Housing Manual Method
Use the following manual engaging method to shift the DCDL into
Before the differential carrier can be removed or installed, the
the locked position.
differential lock must be shifted into and held in the locked or
engaged position. The locked position gives enough clearance If an auxiliary air supply is not available or if the differential carrier is
between the shift collar and the axle housing to permit the removal to be stored for later use, use this manual engaging method for the
or installation of the carrier. DCDL. Figure 6.2 and Figure 6.3.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 81
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Figure 6.2 6. Disconnect the vehicle air line from the inter-axle differential
SCREW-IN DCDL and main differential lock actuator assemblies.
7. For a bolt-on style differential lock cylinder, remove the plug
and gasket from the hole in the center of the screw-in DCDL
cylinder or bolt-on DCDL cover.
STORAGE
HOLE 8. Remove the manual engaging capscrew from the top storage
AIR
HOSE CYLINDER
hole in the cylinder cover or the shift tower of the carriers with
the threaded type shift assembly. Figure 6.2 and Figure 6.3.
NOTE: For a bolt-on DCDL shift assembly, the storage hole for the
plug and gasket is the opposite end of the storage hole for the
manual engaging capscrew. Figure 6.3.
MANUAL ENGAGING
CAPSCREW 1002838c 9. Install the plug and gasket into the bottom storage hole in the
Figure 6.2
cylinder cover or in the shift tower.
10. Install the manual engaging capscrew into the threaded hole in
Figure 6.3 the center of the cylinder cover or cylinder.
BOLT-ON DCDL
TOP STORAGE HOLE, CAUTION
FOR MANUAL
ENGAGING CAPSCREW There will be a small amount of spring resistance felt when
AIR LINE you turn in the manual engaging capscrew. If a high resistance
is felt before reaching the locked or engaged position, stop
CYLINDER turning the capscrew, or the cover, fork and capscrew threads
MANUAL COVER will be damaged.
ENGAGING
CAPSCREW
11. Turn the manual adjusting capscrew to the right until the head
WIRE is approximately 0.25-inch (6 mm) from the cylinder cover.
Do not turn the capscrew beyond its normal stop.
PLUG AND OPERATING
GASKET POSITION A high resistance on the capscrew indicates that the splines of
BOTTOM HOLE
STORAGE
the shift collar and the differential case half are not aligned or
HOLE FOR engaged. To align the splines, use the following procedure.
PLUG AND
GASKET 1002839b A. Rotate the left-hand wheel to align the splines of the shift
collar and case half while you turn in the manual
Figure 6.3
engaging capscrews.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent B. When the normal amount of spring resistance is again felt
the vehicle from moving. on the capscrew, the splines are engaged. Continue to
turn in the manual engaging capscrew until the head is
2. Remove the drain plug from the bottom of the housing and
approximately 0.25-inch (6 mm) from the cylinder cover.
drain the lubricant.
The capscrew is now in the service position and the main
3. Use a jack to raise the left-hand wheel of the drive axle. differential lock is completely engaged.
4. Place a jackstand under the left-hand spring seat to hold the 12. Remove the carrier from the axle housing. Refer to Section 3.
vehicle in the raised position.
13. Release the differential lock by removing the manual engaging
5. Disconnect the driveline from the input yoke. capscrew and seal from the cylinder cover or cylinder.
82 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Auxiliary Air Supply Method Figure 6.4
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
the vehicle from moving.
NUBS
2. Use a jack to raise the left-hand wheel of the drive axle. Place a
safety stand under the left-hand axle housing leg to support the
vehicle in the raised position.
3. Remove the drain plug from the bottom of the housing and
drain the lubricant.
4. Disconnect the driveline from the input yoke. 1002840b
Figure 6.4
5. Disconnect the vehicle air line from the inter-axle differential
and main differential lock actuator assemblies.
1. Verify that the differential lock is released and the engaging
6. Install a suitable air line coupling into the main differential capscrew and seal are removed from the shift cylinder.
actuator assembly.
2. Tap the shift collar with a rubber mallet to loosen and remove
7. Install the air line into the coupling. the collar from the shift fork. Figure 6.5.
CAUTION Figure 6.5
When you use an auxiliary air supply to engage the DCDL, you
must supply air to the DCDL until you remove the carrier. Do
not disconnect the air line or reduce air pressure to the DCDL
before you remove the carrier from the housing. Damage to
components can result.
8. Supply 120 psi (827 kPa) regulated air pressure through the
air line.
9. Verify that the DCDL is engaged. SHIFT
SHIFT
COLLAR
FORK 1002841b
10. Remove the carrier from the axle housing. Refer to Section 3.
Figure 6.5
11. Shut-off the air supply to the DCDL.
12. Disconnect the air line from the main differential actuator 3. Remove the differential lock sensor switch, if used, and jam nut
assembly coupling. from the carrier. Figure 6.6.
Differential and Gear Assembly and Main Figure 6.6
Differential Lock
Screw-In DCDL Shift Assembly
The current design shift fork does not employ roll pins. Nubs on the
inner face of the fork hold the shift collar in place. Figure 6.4.
1002842b
Figure 6.6
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 83
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
4. Remove the shift cylinder and piston assembly from the carrier 7. Inspect the O-ring for any damage such as cracks, cuts or
by turning it to the left. Figure 6.7. breaks.
Figure 6.7 앫 If the O-ring is damaged: Replace it with a new O-ring
when you assemble the components.
8. Clean and inspect all shift assembly parts. Refer to Section 4.
9. Pull the shift shaft from the fork and out of the carrier.
Figure 6.10.
Figure 6.10
SHIFT
FORK
1002843b
1002843b
Figure 6.7
5. Place the shift cylinder and piston assembly in a vise that has
brass covers over the jaws. Remove the piston and O-ring from
inside the cylinder. Use a narrow drift through the hole in the DCDL
top of the cylinder to push out the piston. It may be necessary CASTING
to use a mallet to tap out the piston. Figure 6.8.
SHIFT
SHAFT 1002846b
Figure 6.8
Figure 6.10
DRIFT
10. Remove the shift shaft spring and fork from the carrier.
Figure 6.11.
Figure 6.11
SHIFT
SHAFT
SPRING
1002844b
Figure 6.8
6. Carefully remove the O-ring from the piston. Use a thin pointed
tool to remove the O-ring. Do not damage the piston.
Figure 6.9. FORK
Figure 6.9
1002847b
Figure 6.11
11. If roll pins are used, use a hammer and brass drift to remove
the roll pins for the adjusting rings on the bearing caps. If
capscrews or cotter pins are used, remove the capscrews or
cotter pins.
1002845b
Figure 6.9
84 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
12. Remove the bearing cap capscrews and washers, the bearing 2. If required, remove the differential lock shift unit.
caps and adjusting rings. Match mark one bearing cap and one
A. Remove the sensor switch and jam nut.
carrier leg so that these parts will be assembled in the correct
positions. B. Remove the four capscrews and washers that hold the
cylinder cover. Remove the cover. On the 160 Series,
13. Lift the differential and gear assembly from the carrier.
remove the copper gasket. Figure 6.14.
Figure 6.12.
C. Remove the shift cylinder and piston.
Further disassembly of these carriers is the same as axles
without the driver-controlled main differential lock. To continue D. Remove the shift shaft from the shift fork. It may be
disassembly, follow the procedures in Section 3. necessary to use heat to separate the shaft from the fork
to loosen it.
Figure 6.12
NOTE: Some models use silastic seal instead of the flat washer in
Step E. Also, a roll pin is installed in the shift shaft and is used as a
stop for the shift shaft spring. It is not necessary to remove this roll
pin during a normal disassembly.
E. Remove the shift shaft spring and flat washer.
F. Remove the shift fork and continue with Step 11 in the
previous procedure.
1002848a
Figure 6.12 Figure 6.14
Bolt-On DCDL Shift Assembly
1. To remove the differential lock sliding shift collar, tap out the
two retainer roll pins until they are level with the inner face of
the shift fork. Figure 6.13.
Figure 6.13
CAPSCREW AND
WASHER, FOUR
CORNERS COVER, COPPER
GASKET UNDER
COVER — 160
SERIES ONLY 1002850b
Figure 6.14
ROLL PINS — TAP
UNTIL EVEN WITH
INNER FACE OF
SHIFT FORK
1002849d
Figure 6.13
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 85
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Installation Figure 6.16
SHIFT SHAFT
AND SPRING
Differential Shift Assembly
ELECTRIC
CONNECTION
WARNING FOR SENSOR
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal
injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
CYLINDER
manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a SHIFT
FORK
physician as soon as possible.
Take care when you use Loctite® adhesive to avoid serious
personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
using this product. Follow the instructions carefully to prevent 4005500b
irritation to the eyes and skin. If Loctite® adhesive material SCREW-IN STYLE WITH BONDED LIP SEAL PISTON
gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s emergency
Figure 6.16
procedures. Have your eyes checked by a physician as soon
as possible.
1. Install the shift fork into the shift of the carrier. The “L” shape of
the fork and the bore for the shift shaft must face out toward
Screw-In DCDL Shift Assembly the cylinder bore in the side of the carrier. Figure 6.17.
Install the differential shift assembly after the differential carrier is
assembled and the gear and bearing adjustments are made. The Figure 6.17
screw-in DCDL shift assembly is shown in Figure 6.15 and
Figure 6.16.
Figure 6.15
SHIFT SHAFT
AND SPRING ELECTRIC
CONNECTION
FOR SENSOR
“L” SHAPE
OF FORK FACE
OUT 1002852b
CYLINDER
Figure 6.17
SHIFT
FORK
4005499b
SCREW-IN STYLE WITH O-RING
Figure 6.15
86 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
2. Compress the shift shaft spring as required and install it Figure 6.20
between the back of the fork and carrier wall inside the carrier.
BEVEL
Figure 6.18. END
Figure 6.18
SHIFT SHAFT
SPRING SHIFT
CYLINDER
1002855b
Figure 6.20
7. Apply a continuous 0.06-inch (1.5 mm) diameter bead of
Loctite® flange sealant, Meritor part number 2297-D-7076,
around the DCDL cylinder threads.
INSTALL SPRING
BEHIND FORK 1002853b 8. Turn the shift cylinder and piston assembly to the right until it
Figure 6.18
bottoms in the carrier casting bore. Figure 6.21.
Figure 6.21
3. Align the spring and bore in the shift fork with the shift shaft
bore in the carrier.
4. Install the shift shaft through the bore in the carrier, fork and
spring until it is against the shift fork. Figure 6.19.
Figure 6.19
SHIFT
FORK
1002856b
Figure 6.21
9. Position the shift collar over the fork. The large splines of the
collar must face toward the main differential. Use a rubber
SHIFT
mallet to tap the shift collar through the nubs of the shift fork.
SHAFT 1002854b Figure 6.22.
Figure 6.19
5. If required, lubricate a new O-ring with axle lubricant. Install
the O-ring into the piston groove.
6. Install the piston and O-ring assembly into the shift cylinder,
bevel end first. Push on the piston until it is against the bottom
of the cylinder. Figure 6.20.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 87
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Figure 6.22 NOTE: The differential must be in the locked position to install the
axle shaft into the axle housing.
LARGE SPLINES
OF MAIN 12. With the shift collar in the locked position, install the sensor
DIFFERENTIAL
CASE switch into the threaded hole in the front of the carrier.
Figure 6.24.
Figure 6.24
NUBS OF
SHIFT FORK 1002857b
Figure 6.22
10. Engage the splines of the collar with the splines of the
differential case. Insert the manual engaging capscrew through 1002842b
the top of the shift cylinder to move the shift collar toward the
Figure 6.24
differential case. Rotate the collar as necessary to align the
splines. Figure 6.23.
13. Connect a volt-ohm meter to the sensor switch. Select ohms
Figure 6.23
on the meter. With the DCDL engaged, the circuit should be
closed, showing less than one ohm resistance. If the resistance
is over one ohm, check the sensor.
SCREW-IN
DCDL SHIFT A. Verify that the fork is aligned with the sensor switch when
CYLINDER it is in the engaged position.
B. Check for a loose wiring connection. The connector must
be tightly seated.
C. Verify that the sensor switch is fully seated against the
carrier.
앫 If the resistance is greater than one ohm after
these checks: Replace the sensor switch.
MANUAL
ENGAGING CAPSCREW 1002858b
Figure 6.23
11. Turn the manual adjusting capscrew to the right until the head
is approximately 0.25-inch (6 mm) from the cylinder cover. Do
not turn the capscrew beyond its normal stop. The capscrew is
now in the service position and the main differential lock is
completely engaged.
88 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Bolt-On DCDL Shift Assembly 2. If the spring stop roll pin was removed from the head of the
shift shaft, reinstall the pin at this time.
Install the differential shift assembly after the differential carrier is
assembled and the gear and bearing adjustments are made. The 3. On models without roll pins, snap the fork into position.
bolt-on type shift assembly is shown in Figure 6.25.
4. Apply Loctite® 222 threadlocker, Meritor part number
Figure 6.25
2297-B-6112, to the threads of the shift shaft.
BOLT-ON DCDL 5. Install the shift fork into its correct position in the carrier case.
Figure 6.27.
2 3
1
Figure 6.27
5 4
6
13
9
10
11
12 1002862b
1002860b
1 FLAT WASHER OR SILASTIC AS 7 DISENGAGED
Figure 6.27
REQUIRED 8 ENGAGED
2 CYLINDER 9 COPPER GASKET
3 ELECTRIC CONNECTION FOR 10 PIN 6. Hold the shift fork in position. Install the shift shaft spring into
SENSOR 11 SHIFT FORK
4 AIR LINE 12 COLLAR
the shift shaft opening in the carrier, through the shift fork bore
5 O-RING 13 SHIFT SHAFT AND SPRING and into the bore for the shift shaft spring. Figure 6.28.
6 PISTON
Figure 6.25 Figure 6.28
Apply Loctite® 222
threadlocker.
1. On carrier models with shift fork roll pins, install the two roll
pins into the ends of the shift fork. Tap the pins into position SPRING
until they are level with the inner yoke face. Figure 6.26. Do
not install completely at this time.
Figure 6.26 SHIFT SHAFT
SHIFT
FORK
ROLL PIN
1002863b
Figure 6.28
INNER
YOKE FACES 7. Slide the shift shaft over the spring. Install the shaft into the
shift fork. Tighten it to 20-25 lb-ft (27-34 N폷m). @
1002861b 8. Install the copper gasket or apply silastic sealant, Meritor part
number 1199-Q-2981, to the bottom of the cylinder bore.
Figure 6.26
Figure 6.29.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 89
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Figure 6.29 Figure 6.31
CYLINDER
AIR COVER
CYLINDER
BOLT-ON STYLE
CAPSCREW
PISTON AND 4-6 LB-FT
O-RING (5.5-8.5 N•m)
SHIFT
SHAFT
APPLY SILASTIC
SEALANT
Install flat washer
1002866b
or apply silastic sealant. 1002864b
Figure 6.29 Figure 6.31
9. Lubricate the O-ring with axle lubricant. Install the O-ring into 12. Apply a bead of silastic sealant, Meritor part number
its groove on the piston. Carefully install the piston into the air 1199-Q-2981, to the cylinder housing joint.
cylinder. Figure 6.29. Do not damage the O-ring. 13. Slide the shift collar into the fork and engage the shift collar
10. Install the cylinder into the housing bore. Verify that the pilot splines with the splines of the differential case. Use the manual
journal on the piston is against its bore on the shift shaft. actuation capscrew to move the shift collar splines onto the
Figure 6.30. differential case splines. Refer to Engagement or Lockout of
the DCDL in this section.
Figure 6.30
14. Hold the shift collar in the locked or engaged position and tap
CYLINDER in the two roll pins in the shift fork ends until they are even with
AND
BOLT-ON STYLE the outer yoke faces. Figure 6.32.
PISTON
PILOT
JOURNAL Figure 6.32
BOLT-ON STYLE
MANUAL
SHIFT ACTUATION
SHIFT COLLAR CAPSCREW
SHAFT
SHIFT
FORK
1002865b
Figure 6.30
11. Install the copper gasket, if used, into its bore on the inside of
1002867b
the cylinder cover. Place the cover into position over the
cylinder so that the air intake port will point up when the carrier Figure 6.32
is installed into the housing. Install the cover with the four
attaching capscrews and washers. Tighten the capscrews to 15. While the shift collar is still in the locked position, place the
4-6 lb-ft (5.5-8.5 N폷m). Figure 6.31. @ sensor switch, with the locknut loosely attached, into its hole.
90 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
16. Connect a volt-ohm meter to the sensor switch. Select ohms Differential Carrier Into the Forward Axle
on the meter. Rotate the switch CLOCKWISE until the meter Housing
reading changes from infinity to less than one ohm. Turn the
switch one additional turn and tighten the locknut to WARNING
25-35 lb-ft (35-45 N폷m). @ Solvent cleaners can be flammable, poisonous and cause
burns. Examples of solvent cleaners are carbon tetrachloride,
Differential Lock Assembly Cover Plates and emulsion-type and petroleum-base cleaners. Read the
For carriers without the differential lock or air shift, assemble the manufacturer’s instructions before using a solvent cleaner,
sensor switch plug and cover plate as follows. then carefully follow the instructions. Also follow the
procedures below.
Bolt-On DCDL Cover Plate Assemblies 앫 Wear safe eye protection.
1. Install the washer and plug into the hole for the sensor switch. 앫 Wear clothing that protects your skin.
Tighten the plug from 45-55 lb-ft (60-74 N폷m). Figure 6.33.
@ 앫 Work in a well-ventilated area.
앫 Do not use gasoline, or solvents that contain gasoline.
Figure 6.33
Gasoline can explode.
SCREW-IN COVER PLATE
(APPLY LOCTITE® 518 앫 You must use hot solution tanks or alkaline solutions
LIQUID ADHESIVE TO correctly. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
COVER PLATE THREADS)
using hot solution tanks and alkaline solutions. Then
WASHER WASHER
carefully follow the instructions.
NOTE: When you install the carrier into the axle housing, the shift
collar must be held in the engaged position. This can be done by
SENSOR CAPSCREW keeping the air pressure applied to the shift cylinder by using the
SWITCH
PLUG
manual engaging capscrew. Refer to the procedure in this section.
BOLT-ON COVER
PLATE (APPLY The differential must be in the locked or engaged position to install the
SILICONE GASKET carrier assembly into the axle housing. After you install the carrier into
MATERIAL)
the axle housing, shift the differential into the unlocked or disengaged
1002868b
position to permit the installation of the left-hand axle shaft.
Figure 6.33
Manual Method
2. Apply silicone gasket material to the cover plate mounting 1. Use a cleaning solvent and rags to clean the inside of the axle
surface on the carrier. Refer to Section 4. housing and the carrier mounting surface. Refer to Section 4.
3. Install the four washers and capscrews. Tighten the capscrews 2. Check the axle housing for damage. If necessary, repair or
to 7.4-8.9 lb-ft (10-12 N폷m). Figure 6.33. @ replace the housing. Refer to Section 4.
Screw-In DCDL Cover Plate Assemblies 3. Check for loose studs in the carrier mounting surface. Remove
and replace the studs where required. Apply liquid adhesive to
1. Apply Loctite® 518 liquid adhesive to the plate threads.
the holes. Install and tighten the stud to 150-230 lb-ft
2. Install the bolts and washers and tighten the plate into the (204-312 N폷m). @
carrier opening to 7.5-9.0 lb-ft (10-12 N폷m). @
4. The differential lock must be manually engaged before
installing the differential carrier into the housing. Refer to the
procedure in this section.
5. Install the differential carrier into the housing. Refer to Section 5.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 91
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
6. Install and tighten the carrier-to-housing capscrews to the Figure 6.35
specified torque. SCREW-IN DCDL SHIFT ASSEMBLY
7. Install the right- and left-hand axle shafts. Refer to Section 5.
STORAGE
HOLE
NOTE: When the manual engaging capscrew is removed from the
CYLINDER
service position in the center of the DCDL actuator, the main
differential lock is disengaged.
8. Remove the long manual engaging capscrew from the center
of either the bolt-on or screw-in DCDL. MANUAL
ENGAGING
9. Clean the plug, gasket, cylinder cover and threaded service AIR CAPSCREW
HOSE 1002870b
position hole in the center of the bolt-on DCDL cylinder cover,
or in the center of the screw-in DCDL. Figure 6.35
10. Verify that the sealing gasket is under the head of the
capscrew. 12. Tighten the plug to 44-55 lb-ft (60-75 N폷m). Tighten the
manual engaging capscrew to 22-28 lb-ft (30-38 N폷m) for
11. Install the manual engaging capscrew into the DCDL storage bolt-on DCDL style cylinders and to 7-11 lb-ft (10-15 N폷m) for
hole in the bolt-on or the screw-in DCDL assembly. Figure 6.34 screw-in DCDL type reverse shifters. @
and Figure 6.35.
13. Connect the vehicle air line to the differential lock actuator
A. On a bolt-on DCDL shift assembly, remove the short plug assembly.
and gasket from the storage hole of the DCDL.
14. Install the electrical connection on the sensor switch located in
Install the short plug and gasket into the service position the carrier, below the actuator assembly.
hole in the center of the DCDL. Figure 6.34.
15. Remove the jackstand from under the drive axle. Lower the
B. On a screw-in DCDL shift assembly, install the short vehicle to the floor.
screw or plug into the storage hole located in the top of
the screw-in DCDL shift assembly. Figure 6.35. 16. Fill the axle with lubricant. Refer to Section 7.
17. Proceed to Check the Differential Lock in this section.
Figure 6.34
TOP STORAGE HOLE FOR Auxiliary Air Supply Method
MANUAL ENGAGING
CAPSCREW BOLT-ON DCDL
SHIFT ASSEMBLY 1. Use a cleaning solvent and rags to clean the inside of the axle
MANUAL housing and the carrier mounting surface. Refer to Section 4.
ENGAGING AIR
CAPSCREW LINE 2. Check the axle housing for damage. If necessary, repair or
replace the housing. Refer to Section 4.
PLUG
AND CYLINDER
COVER 3. Check for loose studs in the carrier mounting surface. Remove
GASKET
and replace the studs where required. Apply liquid adhesive to
the holes. Install and tighten the stud to 150-230 lb-ft
WIRE (204-312 N폷m). @
4. Connect an air line to the main differential lock actuator
BOTTOM STORAGE SERVICE
HOLE FOR PLUG POSITION assembly coupling.
AND GASKET CAPSCREW
HOLE 1002869b 5. Supply 120 psi (827 kPa) regulated air pressure through the
air line.
Figure 6.34
6. Verify that the DCDL engaged.
92 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
7. Install the differential carrier into the housing. Refer to Section 5. 4. Continue to drive the vehicle and place the differential lock
switch in the locked or engaged position. Let up on the
8. Install and tighten the carrier-to-housing capscrews to the
accelerator to remove the driveline torque and permit the shift.
specified torque.
The light must be on when the switch is in the locked position.
9. Install the right- and left-hand axle shafts. Refer to Section 5.
앫 If the indicator light remains ON with the switch in the
10. Remove the air line coupling from the main differential actuator unlocked position: The differential is still in the locked
assembly. position. Verify that the manual engaging capscrew was
11. Clean the plug, gasket, cylinder cover and threaded service removed from the cylinder cover of the DCDL shift
assembly. Refer to the procedure in this section.
position hole in the center of the bolt-on DCDL cylinder cover,
or in the center of the screw-in DCDL.
DCDL Driver Caution Label
12. Tighten the plug to 44-55 lb-ft (60-75 N폷m). Tighten the
manual engaging capscrew to 22-28 lb-ft (30-38 N폷m) for Verify that the driver caution label is installed in the vehicle cab.
bolt-on DCDL style cylinders and to 7-11 lb-ft (10-15 N폷m) Figure 6.36. The caution label must be placed in a location that is
for screw-in DCDL type reverse shifters. @ easily visible to the driver. The recommended location is on the
instrument panel, next to the differential lock switch and lock
13. Connect the vehicle air line to the differential lock actuator
indicator light.
assembly.
14. Install the electrical connection onto the sensor switch located Figure 6.36
in the carrier, below the actuator assembly.
CAUTION
15. Remove the jackstand from under the drive axle. Lower the This vehicle is equipped with Meritor's Driver-Controlled Full
vehicle to the floor. Locking Differential (DCDL).
• ENGAGE DCDL ONLY UNDER POOR ROAD CONDITIONS.
16. Fill the axle with lubricant. Refer to Section 7. • DO NOT ENGAGE DURING DOWNHILL OPERATION.
• DO NOT ENGAGE AT SPEEDS ABOVE 25 MPH.
17. Proceed to Check the Differential Lock which follows. When DCDL is engaged, the vehicle can experience understeer,
which requires careful driving procedures. When you disengage
DCDL, normal steering resumes.
Check the Differential Lock Refer to the vehicle operator’s manual or call 800-535-5560 to order Meritor publications
TP-9579A, TP-9646, TP9647 and TP-9648 for further information on vehicle towing and DCDL.
TP-9579ALBL
1. Shift the vehicle transmission into neutral. Start the engine to 1003395b
get the system air pressure to the normal level.
Figure 6.36
WARNING
During DCDL disassembly, when the DCDL is in the locked or Technical Publications
engaged position and one of the vehicle’s wheels is raised To obtain these items, refer to the Service Notes page on the front
from the floor, do not start the engine and engage the inside cover of this manual.
transmission. The vehicle can move and cause serious
personal injury and damage to components. 앫 DCDL driver caution label, TP-86101
앫 DCDL Driver Instruction Kit (includes DCDL label and technical
2. Place the differential lock switch in the cab of the vehicle in the bulletin), TP-9579
unlocked or disengaged position.
앫 Traction-Control Video package, T-95125V
3. Drive the vehicle at 5-10 mph (8-16 km/h) and check the
differential lock indicator light. The light must be off when the
switch is in the unlocked or disengaged position.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 93
7 Lubrication
Specifications
7 Lubrication
Meritor recommends using a lubricant analysis program. Perform lubricant analysis at regularly-scheduled preventive maintenance intervals.
For complete information on lubricating drive axles and carriers, refer to Maintenance Manual 1, Preventive Maintenance and Lubrication.
To obtain this publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
Refer to Table O, Table P and Table Q for standard information on lubricants, schedules and capacities.
Table O: Lubricant Cross Reference (Viscosity) and Temperature Chart
Meritor Lubricant Minimum Outside Maximum Outside
Specification Description Cross Reference Temperature Temperature
O-76-A Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 85W/140 +10°F (–12.2°C) *
O-76-B Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 80W/140 –15°F (–26.1°C) *
O-76-D Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 80W/90 –15°F (–26.1°C) *
O-76-E Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 75W/90 –40°F (–40°C) *
O-76-J Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 75W –40°F (–40°C) +35°F (+1.6°C)
O-76-L Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 75W/140 –40°F (–40°C) *
* There is no upper limit on these outside temperatures, but the axle sump temperature must never exceed 250°F (+121°C).
Table P: Oil Change Intervals and Specifications for All Rear Drive Axles
Construction
Transit Bus
Refuse
Yard Tractor
Logging
City Delivery Heavy Haul
School Bus Mining
Linehaul Fire Truck Oil Field
Vocation or Vehicle Operation Intercity Coach Motorhome Rescue
Initial Oil Change No longer required as of January 1, 1993
Check Oil Level Every 25,000 miles (40 000 km) or Every 10,000 miles (16 000 km), Every 5,000 miles (8000 km), once
the fleet maintenance interval, once a month or the fleet a month or the fleet maintenance
whichever comes first maintenance interval, whichever interval, whichever comes first1
comes first
Petroleum-based oil change on axle Every 100,000 miles (160 000 km) Every 50,000 miles (80 000 km) or Every 25,000 miles (40 000 km) or
with or without pump and filter or annually, whichever comes first annually, whichever comes first annually, whichever comes first
system
Synthetic oil change on axle with or Every 500,000 miles (800 000 km) Every 100,000 miles (160 000 km) Every 50,000 miles (80 000 km) or
without pump and filter system2 or annually, whichever comes first annually, whichever comes first
Filter change on axle with pump Every 100,000 miles (160 000 km) Every 100,000 miles (160 000 km) Every 100,000 miles (160 000 km)
and filter system
1
For continuous heavy-duty operation, check the oil level every 1,000 miles (1600 km). Add the correct type and amount of oil as required.
2
This interval applies to approved semi-synthetic and full-synthetic oils only. For a list of approved extended-drain axle oils, refer to TP-9539, Approved Rear
Drive Axle Lubricants. To obtain this publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
94 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
7 Lubrication
Table Q: Tandem and Tridem Rear Drive Axle Oil Capacities Oil Capacity1
Oil Capacity1 Axle Model Carrier Pints Liters
Axle Model Carrier Pints Liters RT-46-164 EH Forward 38.1 18.0
RT-34-140 Forward 26.0 12.3 Rear 33.2 15.7
Rear 35.0 16.6 RT-46-164P Forward 38.1 18.0
RT-34-145 Forward 29.6 14.0 Rear 33.2 15.7
Rear 25.4 12.0 RT-46-16H EH Forward 38.1 18.0
RT-34-145P Forward 29.6 14.0 Rear 33.2 15.7
Rear 25.4 12.0 RT-46-16HP Forward 38.1 18.0
RT-40-140 Forward 30.2 14.3 Rear 33.2 15.7
Rear 22.8 10.8 RT-48-1802 Forward 61.1 28.9
RT-40-145 Forward 30.2 14.3 Rear 36.8 17.4
Rear 25.8 12.2 RT-48-3801 Forward 61.1 28.9
RT-40-145A Forward 30.2 14.3 Rear 63.6 30.1
Rear 25.8 12.2 RT-50-160 Forward 38.1 18.0
RT-40-145P Forward 30.2 14.3 Rear 33.2 15.7
Rear 25.8 12.2 RT-50-160P Forward 38.1 18.0
RT-40-149 Forward 30.2 14.3 Rear 33.2 15.7
Rear 25.8 12.2 RT-52-160 Forward 44.1 20.9
RT-40-149A Forward 30.2 14.3 Rear 41.2 19.5
Rear 25.8 12.2 RT-52-160P Forward 44.1 20.9
RT-40-149P Forward 30.2 14.3 Rear 41.2 19.5
Rear 25.8 12.2 RT-52-1801 Forward 56.1 26.5
RT-40-160 Forward 39.1 18.5 Rear 36.1 17.1
Rear 34.4 16.3 RT-52-185 Forward 56.1 26.5
RT-40-160A Forward 39.1 18.5 Rear 36.1 17.1
Rear 34.4 16.3 RT-52-3801 Forward 56.1 26.5
RT-40-160P Forward 39.1 18.5 Rear 58.2 27.5
Rear 34.4 16.3 RT-58-1801 Forward 56.1 26.5
RT-40-169 Forward 39.1 18.5 Rear 36.1 17.1
Rear 34.4 16.3 RT-58-185 Forward 56.1 26.5
RT-40-169A Forward 39.1 18.5 Rear 36.1 17.1
Rear 34.4 16.3 RT-58-3801 Forward 56.1 26.5
RT-40-169P Forward 39.1 18.5 Rear 58.2 27.5
Rear 34.4 16.3 RT-70-3801 Forward 54.4 25.7
RT-44-145 Forward 29.3 13.9 Rear 53.1 25.1
Rear 25.1 11.9 RZ-166 Axle 1 39.1 18.5
RT-44-145P Forward 29.3 13.9 Axle 2 39.1 18.5
Rear 25.1 11.9 Axle 3 34.4 16.3
RT-46-160 Forward 39.1 18.5 RZ-186 Axle 1 56.1 26.5
Rear 34.4 16.3 Axle 2 39.1 18.5
RT-46-160A Forward 39.1 18.5 Axle 3 34.4 16.3
Rear 34.4 16.3 RZ-188 Axle 1 56.1 56.5
RT-46-160P Forward 39.1 18.5 Axle 2 56.1 26.5
Rear 34.4 16.3 Axle 3 36.1 17.1
RT-46-169 Forward 39.1 18.5 1
The oil capacities are for standard track axles that have been measured
Rear 34.4 16.3 at various common drive pinion angles. The quantities listed include oil for
RT-46-169A Forward 39.1 18.5 both wheel ends. The oil capacities will change if the track or the drive
Rear 34.4 16.3 pinion angle is different.
RT-46-169P Forward 39.1 18.5 2
Forward carrier with oil pump system.
Rear 34.4 16.3
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 95
8 Specifications
8 Specifications
Figure 8.1
1
2
23
6 26
3 4
11C
11A
13
12
10 11B
14
11C
9
24
25
15
19
18 16
20
17
RADIAL
11C TEETH SIDE
(OUTSIDE)
22
Only Models:
21 RT-40-160 RT-46-164EH
RT-40-169 RT-46-169 CAM SIDE
RT-46-160 RT-46-16HEH (INSIDE)
1002872c
96 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
8 Specifications
Table R: Torque Specifications
Axle Torque
Item Description Application Size Lb-Ft N폷m
1 Output Yoke-to-Thru-Shaft Nut Refer to Table S, Table T or Table U
2 Output Bearing Cage-to-Carrier Capscrew All 0.38"-16 35-50 47-68
3 Drain and Fill Plugs * All 0.75"-14 35 Min. 47.5 Min.
4 Bearing Cap-to-Carrier Capscrew 140 and 145 M30 x 2.5 320-400 430-540
160 M22 x 2.5 480-600 650-810
5 Main Differential Case Halves Capscrew 140 and 145 M12 x 1.75 105-125 143-168
Class 12.9
Std. Hex Head
140 and 145 M12 x 1.75 75-95 100-127
Class 10.9
160 M16 x 2.0 220-310 300-420
Class 12.9
Std. Hex Head
6 Ring Gear-to-Case Nut and Bolt 180 and 380 0.87-14 600-700 816-952
145 M16 x 1.5 160-210 220-290
Class 10
Std. Hex Head
160 M16 x 1.5 196-262 265-355
Class 12
Std. Hex Head
7 Oil Pump-to-Input Bearing Cage Capscrew 145 and 160 M8 x 1.25 22-33 30-45
8 Pressure Relief Valve Plug 145 and 160 M16 x 1.5 20-40 27-54
9 Input Bearing Cage-to-Carrier Capscrew All M12 x 1.75 75-95 100-129
10 Input Yoke-to-Input Shaft Nut Refer to Table S, Table T or Table U
11A Differential Carrier-to-Axle Housing Nut All 5/8"-18 150-230 203-312
11B Differential Carrier-to-Axle Housing Capscrew All — Standard 5/8"-11 150-230 203-312
or Nylon
Fasteners
11C Nord-Lock® Washer RT-40-160 — 210 285
RT-40-169
RT-46-160
RT-46-164EH
RT-46-169
RT-46-16HEH
12 Air Shift Cylinder-to-Carrier Capscrew — All M6 x 1.0 7-12 10-16
Inter-Axle Differential
13 Air Shift Adjusting Screw Jam Nut — Inter-Axle All M12 x 1.5 40-55 55-75
Differential
14 Oil Filter Adapter-to-Carrier 145 and 160 M22 x 2.5 40-60 55-80
15 Main Differential Lock Cover-to-Carrier Capscrew All M6 x 1.0 7-12 10-16
16 Manual Actuation Plug — Main Differential Lock All M10 x 1.5 15-25 20-35
17 Cover Capscrew — Axles without Main All M6 x 1.0 7-12 10-16
Differential Lock
— Air Line-to-Main Differential Lock Cover Adapter All M12 x 1.5 22-30 30-40
18 Main Differential Lock Sensor Jam Nut All M16 x 1.0 25-35 35-45
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 97
8 Specifications
Table Q: Torque Specifications
Axle Torque
Item Description Application Size Lb-Ft N폷m
19 Plug — Axles without Main Differential Lock All M16 x 1.0 45-55 60-75
Sensor
20 Carrier Oil Screen and Plug Assembly All M26 x 1.5 48 Min. 65 Min.
21 Drive Pinion Nut All M50 x 2.0 1200-1500 1625-2035
22 Drive Pinion Cover-to-Carrier Capscrew All M10 x 1.5 35-50 48-68
23 Breather Vent All 3/8"-18 20 Min. 27 Min.
— Heat Indicator Plug All 1/2"-14 25 Min. 34 Min.
— Axle Shaft-to-Wheel Hub Capscrew All 1/2"-13 85-115 115-156
— Axle Shaft-to-Wheel Hub Nut All Plain Nut 75-115 102-156
1/2"-20 150-230 203-312
5/8"-18
Locknut 65-100 88-136
1/2"-20 130-190 176-258
5/8"-18
— Inter-Axle Differential Case Half All M10 x 1.5 45-55 60-75
— Stud-to-Carrier All 5/8" x 11 150-230 203-312
— Axle Shaft Stud Nut All Plain Nut 310-400 420-542
3/4"-16
Locknut 270-350 366-475
3/4"-16
24 Screw-In DCDL Assembly Housing Current DCDL M60 x 2.0 80-100 109-136
Option
25 Screw-In DCDL Plug or Cap Non-DCDL M60 x 2.0 80-100 109-136
Options
26 Adjusting Rings Capscrews 145 and 160 — 21-28 28-38
* Minimum torque. Tighten until one thread is visible.
Input and Output Yoke Pinion Nut Fastener Torque Specifications
Table S: Single Axles
Axle Model RS-120, RS-125, RS-160, RS-161, RS-210, RS-220,
Pinion Nut Location RS-140 RS-145 RS-185, RS-186 RS-230 RS-240 RS-380
Carrier Input 740-920 lb-ft 920-1130 lb-ft 1000-1230 lb-ft 740-920 lb-ft 740-920 lb-ft 800-1100 lb-ft
Yoke (1000-1245 N폷m) (1250-1535 N폷m) (1350-1670 N폷m) (1000-1245 N폷m) (1000-1245 N폷m) (1085-1496 N폷m)
Fastener Size M32 X 1.5 M39 X 1.5 M45 X 1.5 M32 X 1.5 M39 X 1.5 1-1/2 - 12 UNF
98 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
8 Specifications
Table T: Tandem Axles
Axle Model
Pinion Nut RT-160, RT-164, RT-380 RT-380
Location RT-140 RT-145, RT-149 RT-169 RT-185 With IAD Without IAD
First Carrier 750-850 lb-ft 750-850 lb-ft 750-850 lb-ft 750-850 lb-ft 750-850 lb-ft 900-1200 lb-ft
Input Yoke (1020-1150 N폷m) (1020-1150 N폷m) (1020-1150 N폷m) (1020-1150 N폷m) (1020-1150 N폷m) (1224-1632 N폷m)
Fastener Size M45 X 1.5 M45 X 1.5 M45 X 1.5 1-3/4 - 12 UN 1-3/4 - 12 UN 1-3/4 - 12 UN
First Carrier 600-700 lb-ft 600-700 lb-ft 600-700 lb-ft 600-700 lb-ft 600-700 lb-ft 600-700 lb-ft
Output Yoke (815-950 N폷m) (815-950 N폷m) (815-950 N폷m) (815-950 N폷m) (815-950 N폷m) (815-950 N폷m)
Fastener Size M32 X 1.5 M39 X 1.5 M39 X 1.5 1-1/2 - 12 UNF 1-1/2 - 12 UNF 1-1/2 - 12 UNF
Second Carrier 740-920 lb-ft 920-1130 lb-ft 1000-1230 lb-ft 1000-1230 lb-ft 800-1100 lb-ft 800-1100 lb-ft
Input Yoke (1000-1245 N폷m) (1250-1535 N폷m) (1350-1670 N폷m) (1350-1670 N폷m) (1085-1496 N폷m) (1085-1496 N폷m)
Fastener Size M32 X 1.5 M39 X 1.5 M45 X 1.5 M45 X 1.5 1-1/2 - 12 UNF 1-1/2 - 12 UNF
Table U: Tridem Axles
Axle Model
Pinion Nut
Location RZ-164 RZ-166 RZ-186 RZ-188
First Carrier 600-800 lb-ft 600-800 lb-ft 600-800 lb-ft 600-800 lb-ft
Input Yoke (815-1085 N폷m) (815-1085 N폷m) (815-1085 N폷m) (815-1085 N폷m)
Fastener Size M45 X 1.5 M45 X 1.5 1-3/4 - 12 UN 1-3/4 - 12 UN
First Carrier 450-650 lb-ft 450-650 lb-ft 450-650 lb-ft 450-650 lb-ft
Output Yoke (610-880 N폷m) (610-880 N폷m) (610-880 N폷m) (610-880 N폷m)
Fastener Size M39 X 1.5 M39 X 1.5 1-1/2 -12 UNF 1-1/2 - 12 UNF
Second Carrier 600-800 lb-ft 600-800 lb-ft 600-800 lb-ft 600-800 lb-ft
Input Yoke (815-1085 N폷m) (815-1085 N폷m) (815-1085 N폷m) (815-1085 N폷m)
Fastener Size M45 X 1.5 M45 X 1.5 M45 X 1.5 1-3/4 - 12 UN
Second Carrier 450-650 lb-ft 450-650 lb-ft 450-650 lb-ft 450-650 lb-ft
Output Yoke (610-880 N폷m) (610-880 N폷m) (610-880 N폷m) (610-880 N폷m)
Fastener Size M39 X 1.5 M39 X 1.5 M39 X 1.5 1-1/2 - 12 UNF
Third Carrier 920-1130 lb-ft 1000-1230 lb-ft 1000-1230 lb-ft 1000-1230 lb-ft
Input Yoke (1250-1535 N폷m) (1350-1670 N폷m) (1350-1670 N폷m) (1350-1670 N폷m)
Fastener Size M39 X 1.5 M45 X 1.5 M45 X 1.5 M45 X 1.5
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 99
9 Adjustment
Table V: Drive Pinion Bearings — Preload
9 Adjustment
Specification New bearings
5-45 lb-in (0.56-5.08 N폷m)
Used bearings in good condition
10-30 lb-in (1.13-3.39 N폷m)
Adjustment Preload is controlled by the thickness of the spacer between bearing cones.
To increase preload, install a thinner spacer.
To decrease preload, install a thicker spacer.
Table W: Drive Pinion — Depth in Carrier
Specification Install the correct amount of shims between the inner bearing cup of the drive pinion and the
carrier. To calculate, use the old shim pack thickness and the new and old pinion cone numbers.
Adjustment Change the thickness of the shim pack to get a good gear tooth contact pattern.
Table X: Hypoid Gear Set — Tooth Contact Patterns (Hand Rolled)
Specification Toward the toe of the gear tooth and in the center between the top and bottom of the tooth.
Adjustment Tooth contact patterns are controlled by the thickness of the shim pack between the inner bearing
cone of the drive pinion and the carrier and by ring gear backlash.
To move the contact pattern lower, increase the thickness of the shim pack between the inner
bearing cup of the drive pinion and the carrier.
To move the contact pattern higher, decrease the thickness of the shim pack between the inner
bearing cup of the drive pinion and the carrier.
To move the contact pattern toward the toe of the tooth, decrease backlash of the ring gear.
To move the contact pattern toward the heel of the tooth, increase backlash of the ring gear.
Table Y: Main Differential Bearings — Preload
Specification 15-35 lb-in (1.7-3.9 N폷m)
or
Expansion between bearing caps
140 and 145 Series — 0.003-0.009-inch (0.08-0.22 mm)
160 Series — 0.006-0.013-inch (0.15-0.33 mm)
Adjustment Preload is controlled by tightening both adjusting rings after zero end play is reached.
Table Z: Main Differential Gears — Rotating Resistance
Specification 50 lb-ft (68 N폷m) maximum torque applied to one side gear
100 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
9 Adjustment
Table AA: Input Shaft End Play Adjustment
End Play of the Input Shaft 0.002-0.008-inch (0.050-0.200 mm)
Table AB: Output Bearing — End Play and Preload
Specification 0.001-0.004-inch (0.025-0.102 mm) bearing end play
Adjustment End play is controlled by the size of the snap ring in the output bearing cage.
Increase end play by installing a thinner snap ring.
Decrease end play by installing a thicker snap ring.
NOTE: If the end play on the output bearing measures ZERO, a thinner snap ring is required.
Table AC: Ring Gear — Backlash
Specification 145 Series:
Range: 0.008-0.018-inch (0.20-0.460 mm)
Backlash setting for new gear sets: 0.012-inch (0.300 mm)
160 Series:
Range: 0.010-0.020-inch (0.25-0.510 mm)
Backlash setting for new gear sets: 0.012-inch (0.300 mm)
Adjustment Backlash is controlled by the position of the ring gear. Change backlash within specifications to
get a good tooth contact pattern.
To increase backlash, move the ring gear away from the drive pinion.
To decrease backlash, move the ring gear toward the drive pinion.
Table AD: Ring Gear — Runout
Specification 0.008-inch (0.200 mm) maximum
Table AE: Sensor Switch — Installation (Carriers with Differential Lock Only)
Adjustment Shift the differential to the locked position.
Tighten the sensor switch into the carrier until the test light illuminates.
Tighten the sensor switch one additional turn.
Tighten the jam nut to the specified torque.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 101
10 Special Tools
Specifications
10 Special Tools
Carrier Repair Stand
x
Figure 10.1
1 2
12
11
3
10
4
9 5
SPX Kent-Moore
8
part number J-3409-D
1002990f
1 PLATES 8′ LONG x 3/4″ THICK x 1-1/4″ WIDE WITH A TONGUE TO FIT SLOT IN BAR WELD PLATES TO BAR
2 HANDLE 7″ LONG WITH SLOT IN ONE END TO FIT CLAMP SCREW
3 BAR 2″ DIAMETER x 9″ LONG WITH ONE END SLOTTED TO FIT PLATE
4 WELD ALL AROUND AFTER PRESSING PLUG IN PIPE
5 WELD
6 SHAPE AND SIZE OF HOLES TO FIT CARRIER
7 23-1/2″ CENTER TO CENTER OF PIPE
8 CHAMFER END OF PIPE FOR WELDING
9 4″ DIAMETER PIPE
10 PLUG 4″ DIAMETER x 7″ LONG WITH ONE END TURNED 3″ LONG TO FIT PIPE. DRILL 2″ HOLE AND MILL 3/16″ WIDE SLOT 2″ FROM TOP
11 SCREW 3-1/2″ LONG x 5/8″ DIAMETER WITH FLATS ON END TO FIT HANDLE AND 2-1/2″ LENGTH OF THREAD ON OTHER END
12 DRILL 3/8″ HOLE THROUGH HANDLE AND SCREW
To obtain a repair stand, refer to the Service Notes page on the front
inside cover of this manual.
102 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
10 Special Tools
How to Make a Yoke Bar 4. Cut a four-foot x 1.25-inch piece of mild steel round stock to
make the yoke bar handle. Center weld this piece to the box
1. Measure dimensions A and B of the yoke you are servicing.
section. Figure 10.2.
Figure 10.1.
앫 To increase yoke bar rigidity: Weld two angle pieces onto
Figure 10.1 the handle. Figure 10.2.
A
Unitized Pinion Seals and Seal Drivers
Refer to Table AF and Figure 10.3 for information on unitized pinion
seals and seal drivers. To obtain Meritor seal driver KIT 4454, refer
B
to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
Figure 10.3
YOKE 1003459b Position the seal
driver to prevent the
Figure 10.1 driver spokes from
hitting the fastener
SEAL heads on the
2. Calculate dimensions C and D of the yoke bar by adding DRIVER forward tandem
0.125-0.250-inch to dimensions A and B of the yoke. output seals.
Figure 10.2.
SEAL DRIVER
R4422401
Figure 10.2 FASTENER
HEADS 1003388c
YOKE BAR
Figure 10.3
C
1003460b
Figure 10.2
WARNING
Wear safe clothing and eye protection when you use welding
equipment. Welding equipment can burn you and cause
serious personal injury. Follow the operating instructions and
safety procedures recommended by the welding equipment
manufacturer.
3. To make the box section, cut and weld one-inch x two-inch
mild steel square stock according to dimensions C and D.
Figure 10.2.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 103
10 Special Tools
Table AF: Unitized Pinion Seals and Seal Drivers *
Seal Service Previous Seal
Single Models Tandem Models Axle Model and Position Part Number Part Number Seal Drivers Sleeve Drivers
MX-21-160 RT-34-144 /P 14X/16X/18X/38X A1-1205X2728 A-1205R2592 2728T1 2728T2
MX-23-160R RT-34-145 /P Forward-Rear Unit Input
(FUI)
RF-16-145 MT-40-143
14X/16X Forward-Rear A1-1205Y2729 A-1205P2590 2729T1 2729T2
RF-21-160 RT-40-145 /A /P Unit Output (FUO)
RF-22-166 RT-40-149 /A /P
14X Rear-Rear Unit Input A1-1205Z2730 A-1205N2588 2730T1 Not Required —
RF-23-185 RT-44-145 /P (RUI) Sleeve is
RS-17-145 RT-40-160 /A /P unitized
RS-19-145 RT-40-169 /A /P 16X/18X Rear-Rear Unit A1-1205A2731 A-1205Q2591 2731T1 Not Required —
Input (RUI) Sleeve is
RS-21-145 RT-46-160 /A /P
unitized
RS-21-160 RT-46-169 /A /P
RS-23-160 /A RT-46-164EH /P
RS-23-161 /A RT-46-16HEH /P
RS-25-160 /A RT-50-160 /P
RS-23-186 RT-52-185*
RS-26-185 RT-58-185*
RS-30-185
* Forward and rear input only.
Forward input and output seals must be serviced with the seal and sleeve. The service part number provides both when required.
104 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
Hazard Alert Messages When transporting a vehicle with the wheels of one or both drive
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
axles on the road, it is possible to damage the axles if the wrong
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in procedure is used before transporting begins. Meritor recommends
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent that you use the following procedure.
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
WARNING
Type of Axle
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
Forward Tandem Axle, with Driver-Controlled
Main Differential Lock (DCDL — Screw-In
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to DCDL Shift Assembly) and with Inter-Axle
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with Differential (IAD)
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and Before Towing or Drive-Away
damage to components can result. 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
the vehicle from moving.
Before you service a spring chamber, carefully follow the
manufacturer’s instructions to compress and lock the spring to 2. Apply the vehicle parking brakes using the switch inside the
completely release the brake. Verify that no air pressure cab of the vehicle.
remains in the service chamber before you proceed. Sudden 3. Shift the transmission into neutral and start the vehicle’s
release of compressed air can cause serious personal injury engine.
and damage to components.
4. Shift the DCDL and the IAD to the unlocked or disengaged
Engage the parking brake to prevent the vehicle from moving positions using the switches inside the cab of the vehicle. The
before you begin maintenance or service procedures that indicator lights in the cab will go off.
require you to be under the vehicle. Serious personal injury 5. Stop the engine.
can result.
NOTE: Remove only the axle shaft(s), shown in Table AG at this
CAUTION time, from the axle(s) that will remain on the road when the vehicle
If the vehicle is equipped with a front drive axle, tow the is transported.
vehicle from the front, with the front wheels off the ground. If
this is not possible, you must remove the front drive shaft 6. Remove the stud nuts or capscrews, washers and tapered
before towing. Damage to components can result. dowels, if equipped, from the flange of the axle shaft. Refer to
Section 3 for the recommended tools and removal procedures.
Do not use a chisel or wedge to loosen the axle shaft and Figure 11.1.
tapered dowels. A chisel or wedge can result in damage to the
axle shaft, the gasket and seal, and the axle hub. Table AG
Single Axles
NOTE: For complete towing information, refer to Technical Bulletin
Remove the left-hand, road side, axle shaft
TP-9579, Driver Instruction Kit. To obtain this publication, refer to
the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual. Tandem Axles
Forward Axle
These instructions supersede all other instructions for the purpose
Remove the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft
of transporting vehicles for service or new vehicle drive-away dated
before April 1995, including those contained in Meritor maintenance Rear Axle
manuals. Remove the left-hand, roadside, axle shaft
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 105
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
7. Install a cover over the open end of each hub where an axle Figure 11.1
shaft was removed. This will prevent dirt from entering the SINGLE AXLE OR REAR AXLE OF TANDEM SHOWN
bearing cavity and loss of lubricant. WITH SCREW-IN DCDL SHIFT ASSEMBLY AND
SHOWN IN THE LOCKED OR ENGAGED POSITION
NOTE: If an air supply will be used for the brake system of the
transported vehicle, continue with Steps 8 and 9, otherwise
continue with Step 10.
8. Connect an auxiliary air supply to the brake system of the
vehicle that is being transported. Before moving the vehicle,
charge the brake system with the correct amount of air 2
pressure to operate the brakes. Refer to the instructions
supplied by the manufacturer of the vehicle for procedures and 1
specifications. If an auxiliary air supply is not used, continue
3
with Step 10.
4
9. When the correct amount of air pressure is in the brake
system, release the parking brakes of the vehicle that is being
transported. Step 10 is not required.
10. If there are spring or parking brakes on the axle(s) that will 5
remain on the road when the vehicle is transported, and they
cannot be released by air pressure, manually compress and 6
lock each spring so that the brakes are released. Refer to the
manufacturer’s instructions. 7
8
After Towing or Drive-Away 1002609b
1. If an auxiliary air supply was used, apply the vehicle parking 1 LEFT-HAND, ROADSIDE, AXLE SHAFT
brakes using the switch inside the cab of the vehicle. If an 2 SHIFT ASSEMBLY
auxiliary air supply was not used, begin with Step 2. 3 SHIFT COLLAR
4 RIGHT-HAND, CURBSIDE, AXLE SHAFT
2. Apply the vehicle spring or parking brakes by manually 5 DOUBLE ROW OF SPLINES
6 SHIFT COLLAR AND DIFFERENTIAL CASE SPLINES ENGAGED OR
releasing each spring that was compressed before transporting LOCKED
started. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions. 7 SIDE GEAR
8 DIFFERENTIAL CASE
3. Disconnect the auxiliary air supply, if used, from the brake
Figure 11.1
system of the vehicle that was transported. Connect the
vehicle’s air supply to the brake system.
4. Remove the covers from the hubs.
NOTE: Install only the axle shaft(s) shown in Table AH at this time.
These axle shafts have a double row of splines that engage with
splines of the side gear and shift collar in the main differential.
Figure 11.1.
5. Install the gasket, if used, and axle shaft into the axle housing
and carrier in the same location. The gasket and flange of the
axle shaft must be flat against the hub. Rotate the axle shaft or
the driveline as necessary to align the splines and the holes in
the flange with the studs in the hub. Figure 11.1.
106 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
Table AH 11. Install the remaining axle shaft into the axle housing and
carrier.
Single Axles
Install the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft 12. Check the lubricant level in the axles and hubs where the axle
shafts were removed. Add the correct type and amount of
Tandem Axles
lubricant if necessary. Refer to Section 7.
Forward Axle
Install the left-hand, roadside, axle shaft Forward Tandem Axle, with Driver-Controlled
Rear Axle Main Differential Lock (DCDL — Bolt-On
Install the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft
DCDL Shift Assembly) and with Inter-Axle
Differential (IAD)
6. Install the dowels, if used, over each stud and into the tapered Before Towing or Drive-Away
holes of the flange.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
7. Install the washers and capscrews or stud nuts. Determine the the vehicle from moving.
size of the fasteners and tighten the capscrews or nuts to the
corresponding torque value shown in Table AI. 2. Apply the vehicle parking brakes using the switch inside the
cab of the vehicle.
Table AI
3. Shift the transmission into neutral and start the vehicle’s
Torque Value engine.
Fastener Thread Size lb-ft (N폷m)
4. Shift the DCDL and the IAD to the unlocked or disengaged
Capscrews 0.31"-24 18-24 (24-33)
positions using the switches inside the cab of the vehicle.
0.50"-13 85-115 (115-156) The indicator lights in the cab will go off.
Stud Nuts 0.44"-20 50-75 (68-102) 5. Stop the engine.
Plain Nuts 0.50"-20 75-115 (102-156)
NOTE: Remove only the axle shaft(s), shown in Table AJ at this
0.56"-18 110-165 (149-224)
time, from the axle(s) that will remain on the road when the vehicle
0.62"-18 150-230 (203-312) is transported.
0.75"-16 310-400 (420-542)
6. Remove the stud nuts or capscrews, washers and tapered
Locknut 0.44"-20 40-65 (54-88)
dowels, if equipped, from the flange of the axle shaft. Refer to
0.50"-20 65-100 (88-136) Section 3 for the recommended tools and removal procedures.
0.56"-18 100-145 (136-197) Figure 11.2.
0.62"-18 130-190 (176-258) Table AJ
0.75"-16 270-350 (366-475)
Single Axles
8. Unlock or disengage the DCDL by removing the manual Remove the left-hand, roadside, axle shaft
engaging capscrew from the shift assembly. Tandem Axles
9. Install the manual engaging capscrew into the storage hole. Forward Axle
The storage hole of threaded shift assemblies is located in the Remove the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft
shift tower of the carrier next to the cylinder. Tighten the
Rear Axle
capscrew to 15-25 lb-ft (20-35 N폷m). Figure 11.2. @
Remove the left-hand, roadside, axle shaft
10. Connect the air hose to the shift cylinder. Tighten the air hose
to 22-30 lb-ft (30-40 N폷m). @
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 107
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
Figure 11.2
After Towing or Drive-Away
TAPERED DOWEL RETENTION 1. If an auxiliary air supply was used, apply the vehicle parking
STUD
STUD WASHER brakes using the switch inside the cab of the vehicle. If an
NUT GASKET
TAPERED auxiliary air supply was not used, begin with Step 2.
DOWEL
2. Apply the vehicle spring or parking brakes by manually
releasing each spring that was compressed before transporting
started. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions.
3. Disconnect the auxiliary air supply, if used, from the brake
WASHER system of the vehicle that was transported. Connect the
CAPSCREW AXLE SHAFT vehicle’s air supply to the brake system.
SHAFT OR HUB
NON-TAPERED FLANGE AXLE 4. Remove the covers from the hubs.
DOWEL RETENTION 1002581b
Figure 11.2
NOTE: Install only the axle shaft(s) shown in Table AK at this time.
These axle shafts have a double row of splines that engage with
7. Install a cover over the open end of each hub where an axle splines of the side gear and shift collar in the main differential.
shaft was removed. This will prevent dirt from entering the Figure 11.5.
bearing cavity and loss of lubricant.
5. Install the gasket, if used, and axle shaft into the axle housing
NOTE: If an air supply will be used for the brake system of the and carrier in the same location. The gasket and flange of the
transported vehicle, continue with Step 8 and Step 9. Otherwise, axle shaft must be flat against the hub. Rotate the axle shaft or
continue with Step 10. the driveline as necessary to align the splines and the holes in
the flange with the studs in the hub. Figure 11.2.
8. Connect an auxiliary air supply to the brake system of the
Table AK
vehicle that is being transported. Before moving the vehicle,
charge the brake system with the correct amount of air Single Axles
pressure to operate the brakes. Refer to the instructions Install the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft
supplied by the manufacturer of the vehicle for procedures and
Tandem Axles
specifications. If an auxiliary air supply is not used, continue
with Step 10. Forward Axle
9. When the correct amount of air pressure is in the brake Install the left-hand, roadside, axle shaft
system, release the parking brakes of the vehicle that is being Rear Axle
transported. Step 10 is not required. Install the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft
10. If there are spring or parking brakes on the axle(s) that will
remain on the road when the vehicle is transported, and they 6. Install the dowels, if used, over each stud and into the tapered
cannot be released by air pressure, manually compress and holes of the flange.
lock each spring so that the brakes are released. Refer to the
7. Install the washers and capscrews or stud nuts. Determine the
manufacturer’s instructions.
size of the fasteners and tighten the capscrews or nuts to the
torque value shown in Table AL.
108 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
Table AL 4. Shift the IAD to the unlocked or disengaged position using the
switch inside the cab of the vehicle. The indicator light in the
Fastener Thread Size Torque Value lb-ft (N폷m)
cab will go off.
Capscrews 0.31"-24 18-24 (24-33)
5. Stop the engine.
0.50"-13 85-115 (115-156)
Stud Nuts 0.44"-20 50-75 (68-102) NOTE: Remove both axle shafts from the axle(s) that will remain on
Plain Nuts 0.50"-20 75-115 (102-156) the road when the vehicle is transported.
0.56"-18 110-165 (149-224) 6. Remove the stud nuts or capscrews and washers from the
0.62"-18 150-230 (203-312) flange of the axle shaft. Figure 11.3.
0.75"-16 310-400 (420-542) 7. Loosen the tapered dowels, if used, in the flange of the axle
Locknut 0.44"-20 40-65 (54-88) shaft. Figure 11.3. Refer to Section 3.
0.50"-20 65-100 (88-136) Figure 11.3
0.56"-18 100-145 (136-197) TAPERED DOWEL RETENTION
STUD
0.62"-18 130-190 (176-258) STUD WASHER
NUT GASKET
0.75"-16 270-350 (366-475) TAPERED
DOWEL
8. Unlock or disengage the DCDL by removing the manual
engaging capscrew from the shift assembly.
9. Install the manual engaging capscrew into the storage hole.
The storage hole of bolted-on shift assemblies is located in the WASHER
top side of the shift cylinder cover. Tighten the capscrew to CAPSCREW AXLE SHAFT
15-25 lb-ft (20-35 N폷m). Figure 11.3. @ SHAFT OR HUB
NON-TAPERED FLANGE AXLE
10. Remove the plug and gasket from the storage hole. Install the DOWEL RETENTION 1002581b
plug and gasket into the threaded hole in the center of the shift
Figure 11.3
cylinder cover. Tighten the plug to 15-25 lb-ft (20-35 N폷m). @
11. Install the remaining axle shaft into the axle housing and carrier. 8. Identify each axle shaft that is removed from the axle assembly
so they can be installed in the same location after transporting
12. Check the lubricant level in the axles and hubs where the axle
or repair is completed.
shafts were removed. Add the correct type and amount of
lubricant if necessary. Refer to Section 7. 9. Remove the tapered dowels, gasket, if used, and the axle shaft
from the axle assembly. Figure 11.3.
Forward Tandem Axle, without 10. Install a cover over the open end of each hub where an axle
Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock shaft was removed. This will prevent dirt from entering the
(DCDL), with Inter-Axle Differential (IAD) bearing cavity and loss of lubricant.
Before Towing or Drive-Away
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
the vehicle from moving.
2. Apply the vehicle parking brakes using the switch inside the
cab of the vehicle.
3. Shift the transmission into neutral and start the vehicle’s engine.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 109
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
NOTE: If an air supply will be used for the brake system of the Table AM
transported vehicle, continue with Step 11 and Step 12, otherwise Fastener Thread Size Torque Value lb-ft (N폷m)
continue with Step 13. Capscrews 0.31"-24 18-24 (24-33)
0.50"-13 85-115 (115-156)
11. Connect an auxiliary air supply to the brake system of the
vehicle that is being transported. Before moving the vehicle, Stud Nuts 0.44"-20 50-75 (68-102)
charge the brake system with the correct amount of air pressure Plain Nuts 0.50"-20 75-115 (102-156)
to operate the brakes. Refer to the instructions supplied by the 0.56"-18 110-165 (149-224)
manufacturer of the vehicle for procedures and specifications. If 0.62"-18 150-230 (203-312)
an auxiliary air supply is not used, continue with Step 13.
0.75"-16 310-400 (420-542)
12. When the correct amount of air pressure is in the brake Locknut 0.44"-20 40-65 (54-88)
system, release the parking brakes of the vehicle that is being
0.50"-20 65-100 (88-136)
transported. Step 13 is not required.
0.56"-18 100-145 (136-197)
13. If there are spring or parking brakes on the axle(s) that will 0.62"-18 130-190 (176-258)
remain on the road when the vehicle is transported, and they
0.75"-16 270-350 (366-475)
cannot be released by air pressure, manually compress and
lock each spring so that the brakes are released. Refer to the
8. Check the lubricant level in the axles and hubs where the axle
manufacturer’s instructions.
shafts were removed. Add the correct type and amount of
After Towing or Drive-Away lubricant if necessary. Refer to Section 7.
1. If an auxiliary air supply was used, apply the vehicle parking
brakes using the switch inside the cab of the vehicle. If an
auxiliary air supply was not used, begin with Step 2.
2. Apply the vehicle spring or parking brakes by manually
releasing each spring that was compressed before transporting
started. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions.
3. Disconnect the auxiliary air supply, if used, from the brake
system of the vehicle that was transported. Connect the
vehicle’s air supply to the brake system.
4. Remove the covers from the hubs.
5. Install the gasket, if used, and axle shaft into the axle housing
and carrier in the same location. The gasket and flange of the
axle shaft must be flat against the hub. Rotate the axle shaft or
the driveline as necessary to align the splines and the holes in
the flange with the studs in the hub. Figure 11.3.
6. Install the dowels, if used, over each stud and into the tapered
holes of the flange.
7. Install the washers and capscrews or stud nuts. Determine the
size of the fasteners and tighten the capscrews or nuts to the
torque value shown in Table AM.
110 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
12 Diagnostics
Troubleshooting
12 Diagnostics
Vehicle Will Not Move
Figure 12.1
Visually inspect
the carrier
in the axle Check for further carrier
housing. damage. If none is found,
Damaged or Yes repair or replace the oil
contaminated? pump, clean or replace
Remove the the oil screen and install
carrier from the the carrier. Refer to
Yes axle housing. Sections 3 and 5.
Damaged? Repair the carrier No
or install a
remanufactured
Inspect the inter-axle differential
No carrier.
assembly for damage. Refer to
TP-9955, Failure Analysis for
Drive Axle Components.
Drain and inspect
the lubricant. Check for further carrier
Refer to MM 1. damage. If none is found,
replace the damaged
Yes inter-axle differential
Damaged?
components and install the
carrier. Refer to Sections
No 3 and 5.
Yes Determine the
Contaminated? source of
contamination.
Inter-axle
Welded differential case
No bolted or
welded?
Remove the Bolted
carrier from the
Inspect the pinion
housing. Refer to
gears and spider. Disassemble the
Section 3.
Refer to TP-9955, inter-axle
Failure Analysis differential case.
for Drive Axle
Components.
Visually inspect the ring
pinion gear set for Inspect the inter-axle differential
damage. Refer to TP-9955, spider, side gears, thrust washers
Failure Analysis for and bearings. Refer to TP-9955,
Drive Axle Components. Failure Analysis for Drive
Axle Components.
Check for further carrier
Repair the carrier damage. If none is found,
or install a replace the inter-axle
Yes remanufactured
Damaged? differential components
carrier. Yes and install the carrier. If
Refer to Sections Damaged? the inter-axle differential
3 and 5. case is welded, replace
No the entire inter-axle
differential case. Refer
No to Sections 3 and 5.
Remove and
disassemble the input
Inspect the main differential
shaft and inter-axle differential
bearings for damage.
assembly. Refer to Section 3.
Refer to TP-9955,
Failure Analysis for
Drive Axle Components.
If the carrier is a pump model, Repair the carrier
inspect the input shaft oil or install a
pump for damage and the oil Yes
Damaged? remanufactured
screen for contamination. Refer carrier. Refer to
to TP-9955, Failure Analysis for Sections 3 and 5.
Drive Axle Components. No
Check the ring gear backlash
and record the reading.
Refer to Section 4. Use the
backlash reading when
you reassemble the carrier.
This flowchart continues
on the next page.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 111
12 Diagnostics
Figure 12.2
This flowchart continues
from the previous page.
When the carrier is When the carrier is
reassembled later, reassembled later, If damaged, repair the
Yes Backlash No input shaft, inter-axle
set the backlash set the backlash
to the recorded within spec? to spec. Refer to differential, side gears or
reading. Section 5. bearings. Install the input
shaft. Refer to Sections 3 and 5.
Remove the main
differential and
ring gear from
the carrier. Install a new
Refer to Section 3. unitized seal.
Inspect the main differential
bearings for damage. Refer Set the input
to TP-9955, Failure Analysis shaft end play to
for Drive Axle Components. the correct
specification.
Refer to Section 5.
Repair the carrier
or install a
Yes
Damaged? remanufactured
carrier.
Refer to Sections
No 3 and 5. Install the carrier.
Refer to Section 5.
Test drive the vehicle.
Disassemble the Return the vehicle to service.
main differential.
Refer to Section 3.
Inspect the main
differential case, side gears
and spider for damage.
Refer to TP-9955,
Failure Analysis for Drive
Axle Components.
Repair the carrier
or install a
Yes
Damaged? remanufactured
carrier.
Refer to Sections
No 3 and 5.
Inspect the drive pinion,
inner drive pinion bearing
and spigot bearing for damage.
Refer to TP-9955, Failure
Analysis for Drive
Axle Components.
Repair the carrier
Yes or install a
Damaged? remanufactured
carrier.
Refer to Sections
No 3 and 5.
Reassemble and
install the main
differential.
Refer to Section 5.
Reset the backlash.
Refer to Section 5.
112 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
12 Diagnostics
Differential Making Noise
Figure 12.3
Visually inspect
the carrier in
the axle housing.
Check for further carrier
damage. If none is found,
Remove the Damaged or Yes repair or replace the
carrier from the contaminated? oil pump, clean or replace
Yes axle housing. the oil screen and install
Damaged? Repair the carrier the carrier. Refer to
or install a Sections 3 and 5.
remanufactured No
No carrier.
Inspect the inter-axle
Check the input differential assembly for
shaft end play. damage. Refer to TP-9955,
Refer to Section 5. Failure Analysis for Drive
Axle Components.
Check for further carrier
Set the input
Inspect the damage. If none is found,
End play No shaft end
lubricant. Yes replace the damaged
within spec? play to spec.
Refer to MM 1. Damaged? inter-axle differential
Refer to Section 5.
components and install
the carrier. Refer to
Yes
Sections 3 and 5.
No
Drain and inspect Yes
the lubricant. Contaminated?
Refer to MM 1.
Inter-axle
Welded differential case
No
bolted or
welded?
Yes Fill the carrier with
Determine the correct amount
Contaminated? the source of of the specified Inspect the Bolted
contamination. lubricant. Refer to pinion gears
Section 7. Test drive and spider.
No the vehicle. Refer to Disassemble
Remove the carrier TP-9955, the inter-axle
from the housing. Failure differential case.
Refer to Section 3. Yes Analysis for
Noisy? Drive Axle
Components.
No
Inspect the inter-axle
Visually inspect the ring
differential spider, side gears,
gear and pinion for Return the
thrust washers and bearings.
damage. Refer to TP-9955, vehicle to
Refer to TP-9955,
Failure Analysis for service.
Failure Analysis for
Drive Axle Components.
Drive Axle Components.
Check for further carrier
Repair the carrier or damage. If none is found, replace
Yes Yes the damaged inter-axle
install a remanufactured
Damaged? Damaged? differential components and
carrier. Refer to
Sections 3 and 5. install the carrier. Refer to
Sections 3 and 5.
No No
Remove and Inspect the main
disassemble the input differential bearings for damage.
shaft and inter-axle Refer to TP-9955, Failure Analysis
differential assembly. for Drive Axle Components.
Refer to Section 3.
Repair the carrier or
Yes install a remanufactured
Inspect the input shaft Damaged?
oil pump for damage carriet. Refer to
and the oil screen for Sections 3 and 5.
contamination. Refer to No
TP-9955, Failure
Analysis for Drive Axle Check the ring gear
Components. backlash and
record the reading.
Refer to Section 5.
This flowchart continues
on the next page.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 113
12 Diagnostics
Figure 12.4
This flowchart continues
from the previous page.
When the main When the main
differential is differential is Reassemble and install
reassembled later, Yes Backlash No reassembled later, set the main differential.
set the backlash to within spec? the backlash to spec. Refer to Section 5.
the recorded reading. Refer to Section 5.
Remove the main
differential and Reset the backlash.
ring gear from Refer to Section 5.
the carrier.
Refer to Section 3.
If damaged, repair the
input shaft, inter-axle
differential, side gears
Inspect the main differential or bearings. Install the input
bearings for damage. shaft. Refer to Sections 3 and 5.
Refer to TP-9955, Failure
Analysis for Drive Axle
Components.
Install a new
unitized seal.
Repair the carrier
Yes or install a
Damaged? remanufactured
carrier. Refer to
Sections 3 and 5. Set the input shaft
No end play to the
correct specification.
Refer to Section 5.
Disassemble the
main differential.
Refer to Section 3.
Install the carrier.
Refer to Section 5.
Test drive the vehicle.
Return the vehicle to service.
Inspect the main
differential case, side
gears and spider for
damage. Refer to TP-9955,
Failure Analysis for Drive
Axle Components.
Repair the carrier
Yes or install a
Damaged? remanufactured
carrier. Refer to
Sections 3 and 5.
No
Inspect the drive pinion,
inner drive pinion
bearing and spigot bearing
for damage. Refer to
TP-9955, Failure Analysis
for Drive Axle Components.
Repair the carrier
Yes or install a
Damaged? remanufactured
carrier. Refer to
Sections 3 and 5.
No
114 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
12 Diagnostics
Oil Leak
Figure 12.5
Visually inspect
the carrier in the
axle housing.
Drain and inspect
Remove the carrier the lubricant.
from the axle housing. Refer to MM 1.
Yes Repair the carrier or
Damaged? install a
remanufactured
carrier. Refer to
No Sections 3 and 5. Remove the carrier
from the axle housing.
Refer to Section 3.
Inspect the
breather.
Clean and prepare
the housing and
carrier flanges.
Clean or replace the Apply the correct
Yes breather. A clogged gasket or silicone.
Breather
Refer to Section 4.
clogged? breather can cause
a seal leak.
No
Install the carrier.
Refer to Section 5.
Inspect the
input shaft seal
for leaks.
Fill the carrier with
the correct amount
of the specified lubricant.
Seal Yes Replace the input Refer to Section 7.
leaking? shaft seal with
a unitized seal.
No
Test drive the vehicle
Fill the carrier with to confirm that the
Inspect the ouput the correct amount leak is repaired. Return
of the specified the vehicle to service.
shaft seal for
lubricant.
leakage.
Refer to Section 7.
Clean the seal area.
Replace the output
shaft seal with Yes Seal
a unitized seal. leaking? Test drive the vehicle
to confirm that
No the leak is repaired.
Return the vehicle
Fill the carrier with the to service.
correct amount of the Inspect the
specified lubricant. carrier-to-housing
Refer to Section 7. joint for leaks.
Clean the seal area.
Inspect the axle
housing welds for
Test drive the vehicle Joint No cracks or leaks. If you
to confirm that the leaking? find weld cracks, contact
leak is repaired. Return Meritor for repair
the vehicle to service. welding procedures.
Yes
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06) 115
12 Diagnostics
Contaminated Lubricant Found During Preventive Maintenance
Figure 12.6
Visually
inspect the
lubricant.
Clean and prepare the
Indicates Milky, Indicates housing and carrier
that water Brownish Silvery
Lubricant metallic flanges. Apply the correct
is entering gasket or silicone.
color? contamination.
the axle. Refer to Section 4.
Send out a lubrication
sample for analysis. Install the carrier.
Inspect the Advise the owner to Refer to Section 5.
breather. return for the results.
If analysis results Fill the carrier with
Clean or replace the
Breather Yes indicate wear or the correct amount
breather. A clogged
clogged? breakdown in the carrier, of the specified lubricant.
breather can cause
refer to the Differential Refer to Section 7.
a seal leak.
Making Noise diagnostic
flowchart in this publication.
No
Test drive the vehicle
Inspect the
to confirm that the
carrier seals
leak is repaired. Return
for leaks.
the vehicle to service.
Seal No Inspect the
leaking? carrier-to-housing
joint for leaks.
Yes
Inspect the axle housing
Replace the leaking Joint No welds for cracks or leaks.
seal with a leaking? If you find weld cracks,
unitized seal. contact Meritor for
repair welding procedures.
Yes
Fill the carrier Drain and
with the correct inspect the
amount of the lubricant.
specified lubricant. Refer to MM 1.
Refer to Section 7.
Clean the seal area.
Remove the
carrier from
Test drive the the axle. Refer to
vehicle to confirm Section 3.
that the leak is
repaired. Return the
vehicle to service.
116 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5L (Revised 11-06)
Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, LLC
2135 West Maple Road Printed in USA
Troy, MI 48084 USA
800-535-5560 Copyright 2006 Revised 11-06
arvinmeritor.com ArvinMeritor, Inc. Maintenance Manual 5L (16579/22882)
Maintenance Manual 5A
Single-Reduction Differential Carriers
Single Rear Drive Axles, Rear-Rear Tandem
Drive Axles and Front Drive Steer Axles
Revised 08-06
Service Notes
About This Manual ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center
This manual provides instructions for the Meritor MX, RS, RT and RF Call ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center at 800-535-5560.
Series axles and 59000 Series angle drive carrier.
Technical Electronic Library DVD
Before You Begin The DriveTrain Plus™ by ArvinMeritor Technical Electronic Library
1. Read and understand all instructions and procedures before DVD contains product and service information for most Meritor and
Meritor WABCO products. Specify TP-9853.
you begin to service components.
2. Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert
messages in this publication. They provide information that can
How to Obtain Tools and Supplies
help prevent serious personal injury, damage to components, Specified in This Manual
or both. Call ArvinMeritor’s Commercial Vehicle Aftermarket at
3. Follow your company’s maintenance and service, installation, 888-725-9355 to obtain Meritor tools and supplies.
and diagnostics guidelines. SPX Kent-Moore, 28635 Mound Road, Warren, Michigan, 48092.
4. Use special tools when required to help avoid serious personal Call the company’s customer service center at 800-345-2233, or
injury and damage to components. visit their website at spxkentmoore.com.
Kiene Diesel Accessories, Inc., 325 S. Fairbanks Street, Addison, IL
Hazard Alert Messages and Torque 60101. Call the company’s customer service center at
800-264-5950, or visit their website at kienediesel.com.
Symbols
SPX/OTC Service Solutions, 655 Eisenhower Drive, Owatonna, MN
WARNING 55060. Call the company’s customer service center at
A Warning alerts you to an instruction or procedure that you 800-533-6128, or visit their website at otctools.com.
must follow exactly to avoid serious personal injury and
damage to components.
CAUTION
A Caution alerts you to an instruction or procedure that you
must follow exactly to avoid damage to components.
@ This symbol alerts you to tighten fasteners to a specified torque
value.
How to Obtain Additional Maintenance
and Service Information
On the Web
Visit Literature on Demand at meritorhvs.com to access product,
service, aftermarket, and warranty literature for ArvinMeritor’s truck,
trailer and specialty vehicle components.
Information contained in this publication was in effect at the time the publication was
approved for printing and is subject to change without notice or liability. Meritor Heavy
Vehicle Systems, LLC, reserves the right to revise the information presented or to
discontinue the production of parts described at any time.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
Contents
pg. 1 Section 1: Exploded Views pg. 26 Section 5: Assembly and Installation
Single-Reduction Differential Carrier Assembly
Drive Pinion, Bearings and Bearing Cage
4 Section 2: Introduction
27 Installation
Description
One-Piece Spigot Bearing on the Drive Pinion with a Snap
Standard Single-Reduction Carriers Without Differential
Ring
Lock
One-Piece Spigot Bearing on the Drive Pinion Without a
Single-Reduction Carriers with Driver-Controlled Main
Snap Ring
Differential Lock (DCDL)
28 Two-Piece Spigot Bearing on the Drive Pinion
5 Axle Models Covered in This Manual
30 Drive Pinion
Stall-Testing Can Damage a Drive Axle
Adjustment
Use of Traction Chains
Pinion Bearing Preload
6 Section 3: Removal and Disassembly 32 Shim Pack Thickness for a New Drive Pinion
Removal 34 Installation
Axle Shaft Removal Methods Drive Pinion, Bearing Cage and Shim Pack into the Carrier
7 Axle Shafts from the Axle Housing Tight Fit Yokes and POSE™ Seal
8 Differential Carrier from the Axle Housing 36 Any Type Yoke with a Unitized Pinion Seal (UPS)
10 Measure Ring Gear Backlash 38 Clean, Inspect and Install the Yoke After Installing a
Differential and Ring Gear from the Carrier Unitized Pinion Seal
11 Disassembly Any Type Yoke with a Multiple Lip Seal (MLS)
Differential and Ring Gear Assembly 40 Assembly
13 Removal Main Differential and Ring Gear Assembly
Drive Pinion and Bearing Cage from the Carrier 42 Inspection
14 Disassembly Differential Gears Rotating Resistance
Drive Pinion and Bearing Cage 43 Installation
17 Section 4: Prepare Parts for Assembly Differential and Ring Gear Assembly
Clean, Dry and Inspect Parts 44 Adjustment
Clean and Inspect Yokes Differential Bearing Preload
18 Clean Ground and Polished Parts 46 Ring Gear Runout
Clean Rough Parts 47 Ring Gear Backlash
Clean Axle Assemblies 48 Gear Set Tooth Contact Patterns (Backlash)
Drying Parts After Cleaning 51 Installation
Prevent Corrosion on Cleaned Parts Thrust Screw (If Equipped)
Inspect Parts 52 Differential Carrier into the Axle Housing
20 Repair or Replace Parts 55 Section 6: Driver-Controlled Main
Welding on Axle Housings Differential Lock
22 Do Not Bend or Straighten a Damaged Drive Axle Housing 56 Description
Removing Fasteners Secured with Adhesive Vehicle Towing
New Fasteners with Pre-Applied Adhesive Removal
Original or Used Fasteners Differential Carrier from the Axle Housing
Meritor Specification 2297-T-4180 Adhesive in the Axle Setup for DCDL Disassembly
Differential Bearing Bores 57 DCDL Assembly Manual Engaging Methods
23 Carrier-to-Housing Joint Sealing Procedure 58 Differential and Gear Assembly
24 General Yoke and U-Joint Reassembly 59 Installation
Identification DCDL Assembly into the Carrier
Gear Sets 63 Differential Lock Assembly Cover Plates
Carrier into the Axle Housing
Contents
pg. 64 Check the Differential Lock
65 DCDL Driver Caution Label
Technical Publications
66 Section 7: Lubrication
Capacities
68 Section 8: Specifications
Fasteners
American Standard Fasteners
Metric Fasteners
69 Torque Specifications
73 Section 9: Adjustment
75 Section 10: Special Tools
Specifications
Carrier Repair Stand
76 How to Make a Yoke Bar
Unitized Pinion Seals and Seal Drivers
77 Multiple Lip Seals (MLS) and Seal Drivers
78 Section 11: Vehicle Towing Instructions
Type of Axle
Single Axle with DCDL — Screw-In (Threaded) Shift
Assembly, or Tandem Axle with DCDL — Screw-In
(Threaded) Shift Assembly and with Inter-Axle
Differential (IAD)
80 Single Axle with DCDL — Bolt-On Shift Assembly, or
Tandem Axle with DCDL — Bolt-On Shift Assembly and
with Inter-Axle Differential (IAD)
84 Single Axle Without DCDL or Tandem Axle Without DCDL
and with Inter-Axle Differential (IAD)
86 Section 12: Diagnostics
Troubleshooting
Vehicle Will Not Move
87 Differential Making Noise
88 Oil Leak
89 Contaminated Lubricant Found During Preventive
Maintenance
1 Exploded Views
Single-Reduction Differential Carrier
1 Exploded Views
Figure 1.1
1
2 3
3A
73 4
8
5 9
6
7
72
71
74
70
69 29
68 33
67
66 30
64 31
65
34
62 32
63 59
58
60 57
61 56
1002980c
Item Description Item Description Item Description
1 Drive Pinion Nut* 33 Washers 66 Drive Pinion
2 Drive Pinion Washer* 34 Differential Bearing Caps 67 Pinion Inner Bearing Cone
3 Input Yoke or Flange* 56 Differential Bearing Cap 68 Pinion Inner Bearing Cup
3A Deflector Capscrews 69 Pinion Bearing Spacer
4 POSE™ Seal 57 Washers 70 Shims
5 Triple-Lip or Main Seal 58 Differential Bearing Cap 71 Drive Pinion Bearing Cage
6 Outer Bearing Cone 59 Carrier 72 Bearing Cage Capscrew
7 Inner Bearing Cup 60 Adjusting Ring 73 Washer
8 Sensor Switch 61 Adjusting Ring Cotter Pin, 74 Clip and Cable Holder
Spring Pin (Spirol™) or 75 Bolt-On Cover
9 Sensor Switch Locknut
Capscrews
29 Lock Plate Capscrews* 76 Washer
62 Thrust Screw Jam Nut*
30 Lock Plate Washers* 77 Bolt
63 Thrust Screw*
31 Adjusting Ring Lock Plate 78 Screw-In Cover
64 Snap Ring
32 Differential Bearing Cap * Some Meritor carriers do not have these parts.
65 Spigot Bearing
Capscrews
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 1
1 Exploded Views
Figure 1.2
20 A
19
18 A
18 B
15 17
16
20
14
13 21
12 22
64
78 11 24 23 A
28 26 25 L
77 23 CD
76 A LD 41
TION 42
75
OP
10 40
27
28 36 39
38
36
37
43
35
39
45 44
46
54 36
55
36
53
47 37 NO-SPIN
ASSEMBLY
48
49
52
50
51
1002980e
2 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
1 Exploded Views
Item Description Item Description
10 Plug* 48 Ring Gear
11 Right-Hand Adjusting Ring 49 Flange Case Half
12 Shift Fork 50 Case Half Washers
13 Shift Shaft Spring 51 Case Half Nuts*
14 Shift Shaft 52 Left-Hand Differential Bearing Cone
15 Spring Retaining Pin 53 Left-Hand Differential Bearing Cup
16 Air Cylinder Washer or Silastic* 54 Thru Bolt Washer
17 Air Cylinder Tube 55 Thru Bolt Nut
18A Screw-In Differential Lock Cylinder 64 Snap Ring
18B Cylinder Cover 75 Bolt-On Cover
19 Manual Actuation Capscrew 76 Washer
20 Cylinder Cover Plug 77 Bolt
20A Cover Plug Gasket 78 Screw-In Cover
21 Cylinder Cover Capscrews
* Some Meritor carriers do not have these parts.
22 Cylinder Cover Washers
23 Cylinder Cover Plug
23A Cover Plug Gasket
24 Cylinder Cover Copper Gasket
25 Piston O-Ring
26 Piston
27 Shift Collar
28 Shift Fork Pins
35 Differential Side Gears
36 Differential Pinion Thrust Washers
37 Differential Pinions
38 Differential Side Gears
39 Differential Side Gear Thrust Washers
40 Differential Bearing Cone
41 Differential Bearing Cup
42 Thru Bolt
43 Differential Case Bolts*
44 Differential Case Washers
45 Main Differential Case Assembly
46 Differential Spider
47 Ring Gear and Case Half Bolts or Rivets*
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 3
2 Introduction
Description Single-Reduction Carriers with
2 Introduction
Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Standard Single-Reduction Carriers Without (DCDL)
Differential Lock Meritor single-reduction carriers with driver-controlled main
Meritor single-reduction standard carriers are used in most Meritor differential lock (DCDL) have the same type of gears and bearings
single axles, rear of tandem axles and front drive steer axles. as the standard-type carriers. Figure 2.2. The differential lock is
Figure 2.1. operated by an air-actuated shift assembly that is mounted on
The single-reduction carriers are front mounted into the axle the carrier.
housing. These carriers have a hypoid drive pinion and ring gear set 앫 When the differential lock is activated, the shift collar moves
and bevel gears in the differential assembly. along the splines of the axle shaft toward the differential case.
A straight roller bearing or spigot is mounted on the head of the 앫 When the splines on the collar are engaged with splines on the
drive pinion. All other bearings in the carrier are tapered roller differential case, the axle shafts and differential assembly are
bearings. locked together.
When the carrier operates, there is normal differential action 앫 When the carrier operates with the DCDL in the locked position,
between the wheels at all times. there is no differential action between the wheels.
Figure 2.1
앫 When the carrier is operated in the unlocked position, there is
normal differential action between the wheels at all times.
Figure 2.2
1
1
8
2
7 2
3
6
5 1000982c
1002981c
1 BOLT-IN STYLE
2 SCREW-IN OR THREADED STYLE
1 TAPERED ROLLER BEARINGS STANDARD CARRIER WITH DIFFERENTIAL LOCK (DCDL)
2 CARRIER
Figure 2.2
3 STRAIGHT ROLLER BEARING
4 TAPERED ROLLER BEARING
5 BEVEL DIFFERENTIAL GEARS
6 HOUSING
7 TAPERED ROLLER BEARING
8 HYPOID DRIVE PINION AND RING GEAR
Figure 2.1
4 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
2 Introduction
Axle Models Covered in This Manual Table D: Front Drive Steer Axles
Table A, Table B, Table C and Table D list the axle models covered in MX-10-120 RF-7-120 RF-21-160
this manual. For other models (non-MX, RS, RT and RF Series), refer MX-12-120 RF-9-120 RF-21-185
to Maintenance Manual 5, Single-Reduction Differential Carriers. To
MX-14-120 RF-12-120 RF-21-355
obtain this publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the front
inside cover of this manual. MX-16-120 RF-12-125 RF-22-166
MX-21-160 RF-16-145 RF-23-180
Table A: RS Series Single Drive Axles
MX-21-160R RF-21-155 RF-23-185
RS-13-120 RS-17-145 RS-21-160 RS-23-186
MX-23-160 RF-21-156
RS-15-120 RS-17-145A RS-21-160A RS-25-160
MX-23-160R
RS-16-140 RS-19-144 RS-23-160 RS-25-160A
RS-16-141 RS-19-144A RS-23-160A RS-26-160 Stall-Testing Can Damage a Drive Axle
RS-16-145 RS-19-145 RS-23-161 RS-26-180 Stall-testing is a procedure used to troubleshoot transmissions,
RS-17-140 RS-19-145A RS-23-161A RS-26-185 evaluate vehicle performance, and test the service and park brakes.
RS-17-141 RS-21-145 RS-23-180 RS-30-180 During stall-testing, or any similar procedure, the drive axle input
RS-17-144 RS-21-145A RS-23-185 RS-30-185 receives multiplied torque, which can exceed the specified torque
rating. Excessive torque can damage a drive axle, which will affect
RS-17-144A
axle performance and component life. A drive axle damaged by
stall-testing will void Meritor’s warranty.
Table B: Bus and Coach Application Single Drive Axles
Call ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center at 800-535-5560 if
59722 59753 61052 61152 you have questions regarding stall-testing.
59723 59842 61053 61153
59732 59843 61063 61163 Use of Traction Chains
59733 61042 61142 RC-23-160 Meritor recommends that if you are using traction chains, you
59752 61043 61143 should install chains on both tires on each side of all drive axles
on the vehicle.
Table C: Rear Axle of Tandem Axles
RT-34-140 RT-40-146 RT-44-145P RT-46-169A
RT-34-144 RT-40-149 RT-44-149 RT-46-169P
RT-34-144A RT-40-149A RT-46-16HEH RT-48-180
RT-34-144P RT-40-149P RT-46-16HP RT-48-185
RT-34-145 RT-40-160 RT-46-160 RT-50-160
RT-34-145P RT-40-160A RT-46-160A RT-50-160P
RT-34-146 RT-40-160P RT-46-160P RT-52-180
RT-40-140 RT-40-169 RT-46-164 RT-52-185
RT-40-145 RT-40-169A RT-46-164EH RT-58-180
RT-40-145A RT-40-169P RT-46-164P RT-58-185
RT-40-145P RT-44-145 RT-46-169
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 5
3 Removal and Disassembly
Hazard Alert Messages
3 Removal and Disassembly
Brass Drift Method
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
WARNING
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
Do not strike the round driving lugs on the flange of an axle
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
shaft. Pieces can break off and cause serious personal injury.
WARNING 1. Hold a 1-1/2-inch diameter brass drift or brass hammer
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
against the center of the axle shaft, inside the round driving
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. lugs. Figure 3.1.
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to Figure 3.1
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
BRASS
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only HAMMER
by jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury
can result.
DRIVING
Use a brass or synthetic mallet for assembly and disassembly LUGS
procedures. Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces
of a part can break off. Serious personal injury and damage to
components can result.
1002707b
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious Figure 3.3
personal injury.
2. Strike the end of the drift with a large hammer, five to six
pounds, and the axle shaft and tapered dowels will loosen.
Removal
3. Mark each axle shaft before it is removed from the axle
Axle Shaft Removal Methods assembly.
Use Special Tools Recommended by Meritor 4. Remove the tapered dowels and separate the axle shafts from
the main axle hub assembly. Figure 3.2.
To help prevent serious personal injury and damage to components
when you remove the axle shaft from the housing, Meritor Figure 3.2
recommends that you use the following tools in the table below. STUD TAPERED
Refer to the Service Notes page at the front inside cover of this NUT DOWEL
GASKET STUD
manual for information on how to contact the manufacturers to WASHER
obtain the tools.
앫 If the tools are not available when you remove the axle
shaft: Follow procedures for using the Brass Drift Method or the
Air Vibration Method.
Tool Part Number Manufacturer CAPSCREW AXLE
WASHER SHAFT
SHAFT OR
Axle Shaft Remover K-1280 Kiene Diesel FLANGE HUB
AXLE 1002708b
Accessories, Inc.
Axle Stud Cone Plier 7077 SPX OTC Figure 3.4
5. Install a cover over the open end of each axle assembly hub
where an axle shaft was removed.
6 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
Air Hammer Vibration Method Axle Shafts from the Axle Housing
WARNING NOTE: If the vehicle is equipped with a driver-controlled main
Wear safe eye protection when using an air hammer. When differential lock, the DCDL collar must be engaged before removing
using power tools, axle components can loosen and break off the axle shafts. Refer to Section 6.
causing serious personal injury.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
CAUTION the vehicle from moving. Figure 3.1.
Do not use a chisel or wedge to loosen the axle shaft and Figure 3.1
tapered dowels. Using a chisel or wedge can result in damage
to the axle shaft, the gasket and seal, and the axle hub.
1. Use a round hammer bit and an air hammer to loosen the
tapered dowels and axle shaft.
2. Place the round hammer bit against the axle shaft or flange
between the hub studs. Operate the air hammer at alternate
locations between the studs to loosen the tapered dowels and SAFETY
axle shaft from the hub. Figure 3.3. STANDS
1002983b
Figure 3.3
ROUND HAMMER BIT Figure 3.1
BETWEEN HUB STUDS
2. Use a jack or other lifting tool to raise the vehicle so that the
wheels to be serviced are off the ground. Support the vehicle
with safety stands. Figure 3.1.
3. Place a drain pan under the rear axle.
4. Remove the plug from the bottom of the axle housing. Drain
the lubricant from the assembly.
1002987b
5. Disconnect the driveline universal joint from the pinion input
yoke or flange on the carrier. Figure 3.2.
Figure 3.5
3. Mark each axle shaft before it is removed from the axle
assembly.
4. Remove the tapered dowels and separate the axle shaft from
the main axle hub assembly. Figure 3.2.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 7
3 Removal and Disassembly
Differential Carrier from the Axle Housing
Figure 3.2
EASY SERVICETM 1
1. Place a hydraulic roller jack under the differential carrier to
2 support the assembly. Figure 3.3.
9
Figure 3.3
8 4
5
6
7
10 WOOD
WING SERIES BLOCK
11
PERMALUBETM
12
14 ROLLER
13 JACK
1002709c
Figure 3.3
15
FULL-ROUND
2. Remove all but the top two carrier-to-housing capscrews or
16
stud nuts and washers.
3. Loosen the top two carrier-to-housing fasteners and leave
19 17 attached to the assembly. The fasteners will hold the carrier in
18 the housing.
4. Loosen the differential carrier in the axle housing. Use a leather
20
25 mallet to hit the mounting flange of the carrier at several
“RPL” SERIES 21
PERMALUBETM points.
24 22
23
5. After the carrier is loosened, remove the top two fasteners.
1002984d
CAUTION
1 FULL-ROUND 8 U-JOINT CROSS 17 WELD YOKE
BEARING CUPS 9 SLIP YOKE 18 SLIP YOKE When you use a pry bar, be careful not to damage the carrier
2 END YOKE 10 CAPSCREWS 19 U-JOINT CROSS or housing flange. Damage to these surfaces will cause
3 YOKE SADDLE 11 END YOKE 20 CAPSCREWS oil leaks.
4 WELD YOKE 12 WELD YOKE 21 END YOKE
5 BEARING STRAP 13 SLIP YOKE 22 SLIP YOKE
6 CAPSCREWS 14 U-JOINT CROSS 23 TUBING 6. Use the hydraulic roller jack to remove the carrier from the axle
7 EASY SERVICE™ 15 CAPSCREWS 24 U-JOINT CROSS housing. Use a pry bar that has a round end to help remove the
BEARING CUPS 16 END YOKE 25 WELD YOKE carrier from the housing.
Figure 3.2
NOTE: A carrier stand is available from SPX Kent-Moore. Refer to
6. Remove the capscrews and washers or stud nuts and washers, the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual to
if equipped, from the flanges of both axle shafts. obtain the stand.
7. Loosen the tapered dowels, if equipped, in the axle flanges of
7. Use a lifting tool to lift the differential carrier by the input yoke
both axle shafts using one of the following methods. Refer to
or flange and place the assembly in a repair stand. Figure 3.4.
the procedures in this section.
Do not lift by hand. A carrier stand can be built by referring to
Figure 3.5.
8 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
Figure 3.4
DIFFERENTIAL
CARRIER
REPAIR
STAND
1002710e
Figure 3.4
Figure 3.5
1 2
12
11
3
10
4
9 5
SPX Kent-Moore
8
part number J-3409-D
1002990f
1 PLATES 8’ LONG x 3/4” THICK x 1-1/4” WIDE WITH A TONGUE TO FIT SLOT IN BAR WELD PLATES TO BAR
2 HANDLE 7” LONG WITH SLOT IN ONE END TO FIT CLAMP SCREW
3 BAR 2” DIAMETER x 9” LONG WITH ONE END SLOTTED TO FIT PLATE
4 WELD ALL AROUND AFTER PRESSING PLUG IN PIPE
5 WELD
6 SHAPE AND SIZE OF HOLES TO FIT CARRIER
7 23-1/2” CENTER TO CENTER OF PIPE
8 CHAMFER END OF PIPE FOR WELDING
9 4” DIAMETER PIPE
10 PLUG 4” DIAMETER x 7” LONG WITH ONE END TURNED 3” LONG TO FIT PIPE. DRILL 2” HOLE AND MILL 3/16” WIDE SLOT 2” FROM TOP
11 SCREW 3-1/2” LONG x 5/8” DIAMETER WITH FLATS ON END TO FIT HANDLE AND 2-1/2” LENGTH OF THREAD ON OTHER END
12 DRILL 3/8” HOLE THROUGH HANDLE AND SCREW
CARRIER STAND
Figure 3.5
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 9
3 Removal and Disassembly
Measure Ring Gear Backlash Figure 3.7
Before the differential carrier is disassembled, inspect the hypoid
gear set for damage. If inspection shows no damage, the same gear
set can be used again. Use a dial indicator to measure and record
ring gear backlash at three locations on the ring gear. This will help
you to correctly reassemble the ring gear and drive pinion.
1. Rotate the carrier in the stand to access the ring gear teeth.
2. Install a dial indicator onto the flange of the carrier. Place the
tip of the indicator against the drive side of a ring gear tooth.
1002807d
Adjust the dial indicator to ZERO. Figure 3.6.
Figure 3.7
Figure 3.6
DIAL Figure 3.8
INDICATOR
THRUST SCREW
AND JAM NUT
1002722c
1002993e
Figure 3.6
Figure 3.8
3. Read the dial indicator while you slightly rotate the ring gear in
both directions. When you rotate the ring gear to measure the 3. Rotate the differential carrier in the repair stand until the ring
backlash, the drive pinion must not move. Record the reading gear is at the top of the assembly.
on the dial indicator. 4. Mark one carrier leg and bearing cap to correctly match the
4. Repeat the procedure at two more locations on the ring gear. parts during carrier assembly. Mark the parts using a center
punch and hammer. Figure 3.9.
앫 If the smallest of the three measurements is not
0.008-0.018-inch (0.20-0.46 mm) for ring gears with a Figure 3.9
pitch diameter less than 17-inches (431.8 mm) or BEARING
CAP
0.010-0.020-inch (0.25-0.51 mm) for ring gears with a
pitch diameter greater than 17-inches (431.8 mm): CARRIER
Replace the ring gear and drive pinion as a set. LEG
Differential and Ring Gear from the Carrier
1. Loosen the jam nut on the thrust screw, if equipped.
2. Remove the thrust screw and jam nut, if equipped, from the
differential carrier. Figure 3.7 and Figure 3.8.
MATCH
MARKS
1002994a
Figure 3.9
10 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
5. Remove the capscrews, cotter pins, roll pins or lock plates, if 8. Safely lift the main differential and ring gear assembly from the
equipped, that hold the bearing adjusting rings in position. Use carrier. Place the assembly on a workbench. Figure 3.13.
a small drift and hammer to remove the pins. Each lock plate is
Figure 3.13
held in position by two capscrews. Figure 3.10.
Figure 3.10
REMOVING REMOVING
COTTER PIN LOCK
PLATE
1002998a
1002995c Figure 3.13
Figure 3.10
Disassembly
6. Remove the capscrews and washers that hold the two bearing
caps on the carrier. Each cap is held in position by two Differential and Ring Gear Assembly
capscrews and washers. Figure 3.11.
1. If the match marks on the case halves of the differential
Figure 3.11
assembly are not visible, mark each case half with a center
punch and hammer. Figure 3.14.
Figure 3.14
BEARING MATCH
CAP MARKS
MATCH
MATCH MARKS
1002996b MARKS
Figure 3.11
7. Remove the bearing caps and bearing adjusting rings from the 1002999d
carrier. Figure 3.12.
Figure 3.14
Figure 3.12
BEARING 2. Remove the capscrews and washers or bolts, nuts and
CAP BEARING
ADJUSTING washers, if equipped, that hold the case halves together.
RING
3. Separate the case halves. If necessary, use a brass, plastic or
leather mallet to loosen the parts.
1002997b
Figure 3.12
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 11
3 Removal and Disassembly
4. Remove the differential spider or cross, four pinion gears, two Figure 3.16
side gears and six thrust washers from inside the case halves.
Figure 3.15.
Figure 3.15
SPIDER, PINIONS
AND THRUST
THRUST WASHERS
WASHER CORRECT DRILLING WRONG CHISELING
RIVETS FROM HEAD RIVETS FROM HEAD
SIDE 1003001d
GEAR
Figure 3.16
7. Use a press to separate the case half and ring gear. Support
1003000b
the assembly under the ring gear with metal or wood blocks.
Press the case half through the gear. Figure 3.17.
Figure 3.15
Figure 3.17
5. If the ring gear needs to be replaced, remove the bolts, nuts PRESS
and washers, if equipped, that hold the gear to the flange case CASE HALF PLATE
half.
CAUTION
Do not remove the rivets or rivet heads with a chisel and
hammer. Using a flat edge tool can cause damage to the flange
case. SUPPORTS
1003002b
6. If rivets hold the ring gear to the flange case half, remove the
rivets as follows. Figure 3.17
A. Carefully center punch each rivet head in the center, on 8. If the differential bearings need to be replaced, use a bearing
the ring gear side of the assembly. Do not use a chisel puller or press to remove the bearing cones from the case
and hammer. Figure 3.16. halves. Figure 3.18.
B. Drill each rivet head on the ring gear side of the assembly
to a depth equal to the thickness of one rivet head. Use a Figure 3.18
drill bit that is 0.03125-inch (0.79375 mm) smaller than PULLER
the body diameter of the rivets. Figure 3.16.
PRESS
C. Press the rivets through holes in the ring gear and flange
case half. Press from the drilled rivet head.
1002750b
Figure 3.18
12 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
Removal Figure 3.20
YOKE PULLER
Drive Pinion and Bearing Cage from the
Carrier
1. Fasten a flange bar to the input yoke or flange. When the nut is
removed, the bar will hold the drive pinion in position.
Figure 3.19.
Figure 3.19
FLANGE PULLER
FLANGE
YOKE
1003348c
Figure 3.20
5. Remove the capscrews and washers that hold the bearing
cage in the carrier. Figure 3.21.
YOKE BAR
Figure 3.21
1003347b
BEARING
CAGE
Figure 3.19
2. Remove the nut and washer, if equipped, from the drive pinion.
Figure 3.19.
3. Remove the yoke or flange bar. CARRIER
CAUTION
1003350a
Do not use a hammer or mallet to loosen and remove the yoke
or flange. A hammer or mallet can damage the parts and cause Figure 3.21
driveline runout or driveline imbalance.
4. Remove the yoke or flange from the drive pinion. Do not use a
hammer or mallet.
앫 If the yoke or flange is tight on the pinion: Use a puller
for removal. Figure 3.20.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 13
3 Removal and Disassembly
CAUTION Figure 3.23
Do not use a pry bar to remove the bearing cage from the PRESS
DRIVE PINION
carrier. A pry bar can damage the bearing case, shims and OIL SEAL
carrier.
BEARING CAGE
6. Remove the drive pinion, bearing cage and shims from the
carrier. Do not use a pry bar. SUPPORT
앫 If the bearing cage is tight in the carrier: Hit the bearing SUPPORT SPIGOT
cage at several points around the flange area with a leather, BEARING
plastic or rubber mallet. Figure 3.22. 1003009c
Figure 3.22 Figure 3.23
DRIVE PINION AND
BEARING CAGE
3. Press the drive pinion through the bearing cage. The inner
bearing cone and bearing spacer will remain on the pinion
shaft. Figure 3.23.
앫 If a press is not available: Use a leather, plastic or rubber
SHIMS
mallet to drive the pinion through the bearing cage.
CAUTION
Be careful when you remove the seal. Do not damage the wall
of the bore. Damage to the bore wall can result in oil leaks.
1003349a
4. Use a press and a sleeve to remove the triple-lip or unitized oil
seal from the bearing cage.
Figure 3.22
앫 If a press is not available: Place a tool with a flat blade
7. If the shims are in good condition, keep the shims together to under the flange to remove the oil seal from the cage.
use when the carrier is assembled. Figure 3.24.
8. If shims are to be discarded because of damage, first measure Figure 3.24
the total thickness of the pack. Make a note of the dimension.
The dimension will be needed to calculate the depth of the
drive pinion in the carrier when the gear set is installed.
Disassembly
Drive Pinion and Bearing Cage
1. Place the drive pinion and bearing cage in a press. The pinion
shaft must be toward the top of the assembly. Figure 3.23.
2. Support the bearing cage under the flange area with metal or
wood blocks. Figure 3.23.
1002437a
Figure 3.24
14 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
3 Removal and Disassembly
5. If the pinion bearings need to be replaced, remove the inner Figure 3.27
and outer bearing cups from the inside of the cage. PRESS
Figure 3.25. Use a press and sleeve, bearing puller or a small DRIVE
drift hammer. The type of tool used depends on the design of PINION
INNER
the bearing cage. Figure 3.26. BEARING
CONE BEARING
When a press is used, support the bearing cage under the PULLER
flange area with metal or wood blocks.
Figure 3.25
DRIVE PINION OIL SEAL
OUTER BEARING, SUPPORTS 1003012e
CUP AND CONE
Figure 3.27
BEARING
SPACER 7. If the spigot bearing needs to be replaced, place the drive
pinion in a vise. Install a soft metal cover over each vise jaw to
INNER BEARING, protect the drive pinion.
CUP AND CONE
SPIGOT
8. Remove the snap ring, if equipped, from the end of the drive
SNAP
RING BEARING pinion with snap ring pliers that expand. Figure 3.28.
1003008c
Figure 3.28
Figure 3.25
SPIGOT
BEARING
Figure 3.26
SNAP
RING
BEARING
DRIVER
BEARING
PULLER
1003013c
Figure 3.28
1003011f
Figure 3.26
6. If the pinion bearings need to be replaced, remove the inner
bearing cone from the drive pinion with a press or bearing
puller. The puller must fit under the inner race of the cone to
remove the cone correctly without damage. Figure 3.27.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 15
3 Removal and Disassembly
9. Remove the spigot bearing from the drive pinion with a bearing
puller. Figure 3.29. Some spigot bearings are fastened to the
drive pinion with a special peening tool. Figure 3.30.
Figure 3.29
BEARING
PULLER
SPIGOT
BEARING
1003015c
Figure 3.29
Figure 3.30
PEENING
POINTS
1003014c
Figure 3.30
10. If the spigot bearings are a two-piece assembly, remove the
inner race from the pinion with a bearing puller. Remove the
outer race and roller assembly from the carrier with a drift or a
press. Figure 3.31.
Figure 3.31
Remove outer race and
roller assembly from carrier.
Remove inner
race from pinion. 1003016C
Figure 3.31
16 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Hazard Alert Messages Clean, Dry and Inspect Parts
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent Clean and Inspect Yokes
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both.
CAUTION
Do not install a press-on shaft excluder or POSE™ seal after
WARNING
you install a unitized pinion seal. The use of a POSE™ seal will
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
prevent correct seating of the unitized pinion seal on the yoke
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
and will result in lubricant leakage at the seal. POSE™ seal
installation is recommended only for triple-lip and other
Solvent cleaners can be flammable, poisonous and cause
previous design seals.
burns. Examples of solvent cleaners are carbon tetrachloride,
and emulsion-type and petroleum-base cleaners. Read the Do not use thin metal wear sleeves to refresh the yoke surface.
manufacturer’s instructions before using a solvent cleaner, Wear sleeves pressed onto the yoke will prevent correct
then carefully follow the instructions. Also follow the seating of the pinion seal and damage the pinion seal
procedures below. assembly. Wear sleeve usage will cause the seal to leak.
앫 Wear safe eye protection.
1. Clean the ground and polished surface of the yoke journal
앫 Wear clothing that protects your skin. using a clean shop towel and a safe cleaning solvent. Do not
앫 Work in a well-ventilated area. use abrasive cleaners, towels or scrubbers to clean the yoke or
flange surface. Do not use gasoline.
앫 Do not use gasoline, or solvents that contain gasoline.
Gasoline can explode. NOTE: The unitized seal features a rubber inner sleeve that is
designed to seal and rotate with the yoke. This feature allows you to
앫 You must use hot solution tanks or alkaline solutions
reuse a yoke with minor grooves.
correctly. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
using hot solution tanks and alkaline solutions. Then 2. Inspect the yoke seal surface for grooves.
carefully follow the instructions.
앫 If you find grooves on yoke hubs used with single or
Take care when you use Loctite‚ adhesive to avoid serious triple-lip seals: Replace the yokes.
personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before 앫 If you find grooves on the yoke: Use calipers to measure
using this product. Follow the instructions carefully to prevent the groove diameters. If any groove diameter measures less
irritation to the eyes and skin. If Loctite® adhesive material than the dimensions shown in Figure 4.1, replace the yoke.
gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s emergency
Figure 4.1
procedures. Have your eyes checked by a physician as soon
UNITIZED PINION SEAL (UPS)
as possible.
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal A B
injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s Yoke Seal Minimum Yoke Diameter
Diameter at Groove (Inches)
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a 2.990"
3.000/3.005"
physician as soon as possible. 3.250/3.255" 3.240"
1003390e
A MINIMUM GROOVE DEPTH — DIAMETER
B YOKE SEAL DIAMETER
Figure 4.1
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 17
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Clean Ground and Polished Parts Prevent Corrosion on Cleaned Parts
1. Use a cleaning solvent, kerosene or diesel fuel to clean ground 1. Apply axle lubricant to cleaned and dried parts that are not
or polished parts or surfaces. Do not use gasoline. damaged and are to be assembled.
2. Use a tool with a flat blade if required, to remove sealant 2. To store parts, apply a special material that prevents corrosion
material from parts. Be careful not to damage the polished or to all surfaces. Wrap cleaned parts in a special paper that will
smooth surfaces. protect the parts from moisture and prevent corrosion.
CAUTION Inspect Parts
Do not use hot solution tanks or water and alkaline solutions to
It is very important to inspect all parts carefully and completely
clean ground or polished parts. Damage to parts can result.
before the axle or carrier is assembled. Check all parts for wear and
3. Do not clean ground or polished parts with water or steam. Do replace damaged parts.
not immerse ground or polished parts in a hot solution tank or 1. Inspect the cup, cone, rollers and cage of all tapered roller
use strong alkaline solutions for cleaning, or the smooth bearings in the assembly. If any of the following conditions
sealing surface may be damaged. exist, replace the bearing.
Clean Rough Parts 앫 The center of the large-diameter end of the rollers is worn
level with or below the outer surface. Figure 4.2.
1. Clean rough parts with the same method as cleaning ground
and polished parts. 앫 The radius at the large-diameter end of the rollers is worn
to a sharp edge. Figure 4.2.
2. Rough parts can be cleaned in hot solution tanks with a weak
or diluted alkaline solution. 앫 There is a visible roller groove in the cup or cone inner race
surfaces. The groove can be seen at the small- or
3. Parts must remain in hot solution tanks until heated and large-diameter end of both parts. Figure 4.3.
completely cleaned.
앫 There are deep cracks or breaks in the cup, cone inner race
4. Parts must be washed with water until all traces of the alkaline or roller surfaces. Figure 4.3.
solution are removed.
앫 There are bright wear marks on the outer surface of the
Clean Axle Assemblies roller cage. Figure 4.4.
1. A complete axle assembly can be steam cleaned on the 앫 There is damage on the rollers and on the surfaces of the
outside to remove dirt. cup and cone inner race that touch the rollers. Figure 4.5.
2. Before the axle is steam cleaned, close or place a cover over all 앫 There is damage on the cup and cone inner race surfaces
openings in the axle assembly. Examples of openings are that touch the rollers. Figure 4.6.
breathers or vents in air chambers.
Figure 4.2
WORN RADIUS
Drying Parts After Cleaning
1. Parts must be dried immediately after cleaning and washing.
2. Dry the parts using soft, clean paper or cloth rags.
CAUTION
Damage to bearings can result when they are rotated and
dried with compressed air.
WORN SURFACE 1003017b
3. Except for bearings, parts can be dried with compressed air.
Figure 4.2
18 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Figure 4.3 Figure 4.6
WEAR
CRACK
GROOVES
SPALLING AND FLAKING
1003021b
1003018b Figure 4.6
Figure 4.3
CAUTION
Figure 4.4
A drive pinion and ring gear are machined as a matched set.
When you replace either a drive pinion or a ring gear, you must
replace both parts as a matched set. Do not mix old and new
parts. Damage to components can result.
2. Inspect hypoid pinions and gears for wear and damage.
Replace gears that are worn or damaged.
CAUTION
WEAR MARKS A thrust washer, differential side gear and pinion gear are
1003019a machined as a matched set. When you replace any of these
Figure 4.4
parts, you must install a new matched set. Do not mix old and
new parts. Damage to components can result.
Figure 4.5
3. Inspect the following main differential assembly parts for wear
ETCHING AND PITTING or stress. Replace parts that are damaged. Figure 4.7.
앫 Inside surfaces of both case halves
앫 Both surfaces of all thrust washers
앫 The four trunnion ends of the spider or cross
앫 Teeth and splines of both differential side gears
1003020a
앫 Teeth and bore of all differential pinions
Figure 4.5
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 19
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Figure 4.7 4. Clean the parts and apply new silicone gasket material where
Inspect required when the axle or carrier is assembled. Figure 4.8.
inside
surfaces.
Figure 4.8
DIFFERENTIAL Remove silicone
CASE HALVES gasket from parts.
SIDE GEAR
PINION AND AND THRUST
THRUST WASHER
Inspect.
WASHER
1003023a
Figure 4.8
Inspect.
5. Remove nicks, mars and burrs from parts with machined or
DIFFERENTIAL
GEAR NEST ground surfaces. Use a fine file, india stone, emery cloth or
ASSEMBLY crocus cloth.
SPIDER OR
Inspect. CROSS 6. Clean and repair the threads of fasteners and holes. Use a die
1003022f
or tap of the correct size or a fine file.
Figure 4.7
Welding on Axle Housings
4. Inspect the axle shafts for wear and cracks at the flange, shaft
and splines. Replace the axle shafts, if required. WARNING
5. Inspect the breather. Wear safe clothing and eye protection when you use welding
equipment. Welding equipment can burn you and cause
A. Remove the breather from the axle housing.
serious personal injury. Follow the operating instructions and
B. Clean the breather. safety procedures recommended by the welding equipment
앫 If the breather remains dirty after cleaning: manufacturer.
Replace the breather.
Axle weld locations and welding procedures must adhere to
C. Apply compressed air to the breather.
Meritor standards. Welding at locations other than those
앫 If compressed air does not pass through the authorized by Meritor will void the warranty and can reduce
breather: Replace the breather. axle beam fatigue life. Serious personal injury and damage to
D. Install the breather in the axle housing. components can result.
Refer to Maintenance Manual 8, Drive Axle Housings. To obtain this
Repair or Replace Parts publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover
Threads must be without damage and clean so that accurate of this manual.
adjustments and correct torque values can be applied to fasteners Meritor permits drive axle housing assembly repair welding in the
and parts.
following locations only.
1. Replace any fastener if the corners of the head are worn. 앫 Housing-to-cover weld joints
2. Replace the washers if damaged. 앫 Snorkel welds
3. Replace the gaskets, oil seals or grease seals at the time of
앫 Housing seam welds between the suspension attaching brackets
axle or carrier repair.
앫 Bracket welding to the drive axle housing
20 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Prepare the Axle 5. For suspension bracket welds, clean both lower and upper
suspension brackets and the areas of the axle housing around
WARNING each bracket. Use a wire brush and a cleaning solvent that will
The high temperature caused by the open flame from the remove dirt and grease from these areas. Figure 4.10 and
cutting torch can ignite the oil in the axle housing and can Figure 4.11.
cause serious personal injury.
Figure 4.10
1. Remove the oil drain plug from the bottom of the axle housing Clean these areas.
and drain the lubricant from the assembly.
CAUTION
LOWER
Remove the differential carrier from the axle housing before
BRACKET
you weld onto an axle. Do not weld onto an axle with the
differential carrier installed. Electrical arcing and damage to
components can result.
4000310a
2. Remove the differential carrier from the axle housing. Refer to
the correct Meritor carrier maintenance manual or the vehicle Figure 4.10
manufacturer’s instructions.
Figure 4.11
CAUTION Clean this area.
Remove the brake air chambers before you weld onto an axle.
Do not expose a brake air chamber to more than 250° F
(121° C). Damage to the air chamber can result.
3. Remove the wheel-end components and brake air chambers
from the axle. Refer to the correct Meritor brake maintenance UPPER
BRACKET
manual or the vehicle manufacturer’s instructions.
Clean these areas.
4. For housing-to-cover welds, clean the outside 4000310a
housing-to-cover weld area two-three-inches (50.8-76.2 mm)
Figure 4.11
past each end or side of the crack. Clean the inside area where
the cover mates with the housing. Clean the area completely
around the cover. Use a wire brush and a cleaning solvent that WARNING
will remove dirt and grease from these areas. Figure 4.9. The axle housing must be 70° F (21° C) or warmer before you
weld onto the axle. Do not weld onto a cold axle or weld cold
Figure 4.9
parts onto an axle. Cracks in the weld area, damage to
components and serious personal injury can result.
6. Ensure that the axle housing temperature measures 70° F
(21° C) or warmer.
앫 If the axle housing temperature measures less than
70° F (21° C): Store the axle in a heated room until the
housing reaches the correct temperature.
Clean this area.
4000309a
Figure 4.9
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 21
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
7. Heat the damaged area to approximately 300° F (149° C) 3. Tighten the fasteners to the required torque value for that size
before you begin welding. fastener. No drying time is required for fasteners with
pre-applied adhesive.
8. Use suitable weld wire electrodes when you weld. Suitable weld
wire electrodes include either BS EN 499 – E 42 2 B 32 H5 or
BS EN 440 – G 42 2 M GSi (American Welding Society
Original or Used Fasteners
equivalents E7018 and ER70S3, respectively). 1. Use a wire brush to clean the oil, dirt and old adhesive from all
threads and threaded holes.
9. For complete welding instructions, refer to Maintenance
Manual 8, Drive Axle Housings. To obtain this publication, refer 2. Apply four or five drops of Meritor liquid adhesive
to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this 2297-C-7049, Loctite® 638 or 680 liquid adhesive or
manual. equivalent inside each threaded hole or bore. Do not apply
adhesive directly to the fastener threads. Figure 4.12.
Do Not Bend or Straighten a Damaged Drive
Axle Housing Figure 4.12
WARNING
Replace damaged or out-of-specification axle components.
Do not bend, repair or recondition axle components by welding
or heat-treating. A bent axle beam reduces axle strength,
affects vehicle operation and voids Meritor’s warranty. Serious FOUR TO
FIVE DROPS
personal injury and damage to components can result. ON BORE
THREADS
1003025a
Always replace a damaged drive axle housing. Do not bend or
straighten a damaged housing, which can misalign or weaken it,
Figure 4.12
and void Meritor’s warranty.
3. Tighten the fasteners to the required torque value for that size
Removing Fasteners Secured with Adhesive fastener. There is no drying time required for Meritor liquid
If it is difficult to remove fasteners secured with Dri-Loc®, Meritor adhesive 2297-C-7049, Loctite® 638 or 680 liquid adhesive
adhesive or Loctite® 277 adhesive, use the following procedure. or equivalent.
When you remove fasteners secured with adhesive, slowly heat the
fastener to 350° F (177° C). Do not exceed this temperature, or heat Meritor Specification 2297-T-4180 Adhesive
fasteners quickly. Damage to components can result. in the Differential Bearing Bores
1. Heat the fastener for three to five seconds. Try to loosen the NOTE: Use Meritor specification 2297-T-4180 adhesive for all
fastener with a wrench. Do not use an impact wrench or hit the axles.
fastener with a hammer.
2. Repeat Step 1 until you can remove the fastener. 1. Clean the oil and dirt from the outer diameters of the bearing
cups and bearing bores in the carrier and bearing caps. There
New Fasteners with Pre-Applied Adhesive is no special cleaning required.
1. Use a wire brush to clean the oil and dirt from threaded holes. 2. Apply axle lubricant to the bearing cones and the inner
diameters of the bearing cups of the main differential. Do not
2. Install new fasteners with pre-applied adhesive to assemble get oil on the outer diameter of the bearing cup and do not
parts. Do not apply adhesives or sealants to fasteners with permit oil to drip onto the bearing bores.
pre-applied adhesive, or to fastener holes.
22 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
NOTE: Meritor specification 2297-T-4180 adhesive will dry in Figure 4.14
approximately two hours. You must complete the procedure within Cleaning the housing face with a rotary
two hours from the time you apply the adhesive. If two hours have tool and a scour pad.
passed since application, clean the adhesive from the parts and
apply new adhesive.
3. Apply a single continuous bead of the adhesive to the bearing
bores in the carrier and bearing caps. Apply the adhesive
around the circumference of the smooth, ground surfaces only.
Do not place the adhesive on the threaded areas. Figure 4.13.
Figure 4.13
ADHESIVE BEARING
CAP
4000621a
Figure 4.14
CARRIER
LEG
4. Remove metal filings from the magnets inside the housing.
5. Use solvent to clean the inside of the housing.
6. Use Loctite® ODC Free cleaner or brake cleaner to clean the
housing and carrier faces.
7. Dry the housing and carrier faces.
1003026a
CAUTION
Figure 4.13 New capscrew kits have blue Dri-Loc® STS threadlocker, an
equivalent to Loctite® 242 threadlocker, applied to the
4. Install the main differential assembly, bearing cups and bearing capscrews. Do not remove the blue Dri-Loc® STS threadlocker
caps into the carrier. Refer to Section 5. from the capscrews. Damage to components can result.
5. Adjust the preload of the differential bearings, backlash and
8. If you reuse the carrier-to-housing capscrews, use a rotary
tooth contact patterns of the gear set as required. Refer to
wire brush to remove any threadlocker material and clean the
Section 5.
capscrew threads. Use a clean cloth to wipe the threads.
Carrier-to-Housing Joint Sealing Procedure 9. Use a tap to clean the internal threads in the housing.
1. Remove the carrier from the housing. Refer to Section 3.
2. Remove all debris from inside the housing.
3. Use a rotary tool with a scour pad to clean all silicone residue
from the housing and carrier faces. Figure 4.14. Surfaces must
be clean, dry and free of foreign matter. The surfaces must not
be oily to the touch.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 23
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
14. Install the capscrews. Use a crossing pattern to tighten the
CAUTION
capscrews evenly. The capscrews must be tightened within
Apply silicone gasket material in a continuous 0.25-inch
10 minutes of initial application of Loctite® 242 threadlocker.
(6 mm) bead. If you use more than this amount, gasket
material can break off and plug lubrication passages. Damage 앫 Tighten the 1/2-inch capscrews to 140 lb-ft (190 N폷m). @
to components can result.
앫 Tighten the 5/8-inch capscrews to 225 lb-ft (306 N폷m). @
10. Apply a 0.25-inch (6 mm) bead of Loctite® 5699 silicone 15. Wait a minimum of 60 minutes before filling the assembly with
gasket material to the housing face. Do not use ThreeBond lubricant. Refer to Section 7.
1216E silicone products. Figure 4.15.
General Yoke and U-Joint Reassembly
Figure 4.15
Install the end yoke hub capscrews by hand after seating the U-joint.
Tighten the capscrews according to the manufacturer’s torque
specifications.
Identification
Gear Sets
0.25" (6 MM) Refer to Table E, Table F, Table G and Table H for information on
DIAMETER SILICONE identifying gear sets with matched parts. Always check match
4004435a
GASKET BEAD
numbers to verify that the gear set you will install has matched
Figure 4.15 parts. Figure 4.17.
11. Install two long studs in the carrier to guide the carrier into the Figure 4.17
housing. ALTERNATE LOCATIONS
12. Immediately install the carrier into the housing to permit the
silicone gasket material to compress evenly between the faces.
If using a new capscrew kit with blue Dri-Loc® STS pre-applied
threadlocker, skip the next step.
13. Apply a 0.125-inch (3 mm) bead of Loctite® 242 threadlocker
around the capscrew threads approximately 0.25-inch (6 mm)
from the end. Apply a 0.125-inch (3 mm) bead of Loctite® 242 1003031b
threadlocker across the length of the threads. Figure 4.16.
1 PART NUMBER, TOOTH COMBINATION NUMBER, GEAR SET MATCH
NUMBER, PINION CONE VARIATION NUMBER
Figure 4.16
2 PART NUMBER, TOOTH COMBINATION NUMBER
LOCTITE® 242 THREADLOCKER APPLICATION 3 GEAR SET MATCH NUMBER, PINION CONE VARIATION NUMBER
360˚ LOCTITE® BEAD 4 PART NUMBER, TOOTH COMBINATION NUMBER, GEAR SET MATCH
NUMBER
5 PART NUMBER, TOOTH COMBINATION NUMBER, GEAR SET MATCH
NUMBER
Figure 4.17
0.25" (6 MM)
4000623b
Figure 4.16
24 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
4 Prepare Parts for Assembly
Examples
Table E: Gear Set Part Numbers
Part Number Location
Conventional ring 36786 On the front face
gear or outer diameter
Conventional drive 36787 At the end at
pinion threads
Generoid ring gear 36786 K or 36786 K2 On the front face
or outer diameter
Generoid drive pinion 36787 K or 36787 K2 At the end at
threads
Table F: Gear Set Tooth Combination Number
Drive Pinion Ring Gear
Gear Set Teeth Location Location
5-37 = gear set has a At the end at On the front face
five-tooth drive pinion threads or outer diameter
and a 37-tooth ring gear
NOTE: Meritor drive pinions and ring gears are only available as
matched sets. Each gear in a set has an alphanumeric match
number.
Table G: Gear Set Match Number
Drive Pinion Ring Gear
Match Number Location Location
M29 At the end of the On the front face
gear head or outer diameter
NOTE: Don’t use the pinion cone variation number when you check
for a matched gear set. Use this number when you adjust the pinion
depth of the carrier. Refer to Section 5.
Table H: Pinion Cone Variation Number
Pinion Cone (PC) Drive Pinion Ring Gear
Variation Number Location Location
PC+3 At the end of the On the outer
+2 pinion gear head diameter
+0.01 mm
PC–5
–1
–0.02 mm
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 25
5 Assembly and Installation
Hazard Alert Messages
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.1
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in PRESS SLEEVE
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both. BEARING
CAGE CUP
WARNING
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small SUPPORTS 1003033b
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal
injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the Figure 5.1
manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone 4. Place the drive pinion in a press with the gear head or teeth
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s toward the bottom. Figure 5.2.
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a
physician as soon as possible. Figure 5.2
Take care when you use Loctite® adhesive to avoid serious SLEEVE
personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
using this product. Follow the instructions carefully to prevent
irritation to the eyes and skin. If Loctite® adhesive material
gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s emergency INNER
BEARING
procedures. Have your eyes checked by a physician as soon CONE
as possible.
1003120b
Use a brass or synthetic mallet for assembly and disassembly
procedures. Do not hit steel parts with a steel hammer. Pieces Figure 5.2
of a part can break off. Serious personal injury and damage to
components can result. 5. Press the inner bearing cone on the shaft of the drive pinion
until the cone is flat against the gear head. Use a sleeve of the
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by the press correct size against the bearing inner race.
manufacturer to avoid damage to components and serious
personal injury. NOTE: Spigot bearings are usually fastened to the drive pinion with
a snap ring. Some are fastened with a peening tool, and some are a
Assembly two-piece bearing assembly with the inner race pressed on the nose
of the pinion and the outer race pressed into its bore in the carrier.
Drive Pinion, Bearings and Bearing Cage
6. Install the spigot bearing using one of the following three
1. Place the bearing cage in a press. Figure 5.1. procedures.
2. Support the bearing cage with metal or wood blocks.
3. Press the bearing cup into the bore of the bearing cage until
the cup is flat against the bottom of the bore. Use a sleeve of
the correct size to install the bearing cup. Use the same
procedure for both bearing cups. Figure 5.1.
26 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Installation One-Piece Spigot Bearing on the Drive
Pinion Without a Snap Ring
One-Piece Spigot Bearing on the Drive
Pinion with a Snap Ring NOTE: The following procedure applies to some 180 Series
rear-rear tandem axles with existing snap ring components.
NOTE: The following procedure applies to all axles except:
To obtain the staking tool, refer to the Service Notes page on the
앫 Some 160 Series single axles may use snap rings. front inside cover of this manual. Figure 5.5.
앫 Some 160 and 180 Series rear-rear tandem axles may use
snap rings. Figure 5.5
1. Place the drive pinion in a press with the gear head or the teeth
toward the top. Figure 5.3.
PUNCH
Figure 5.3
PRESS TUBE
SLEEVE
SPIGOT
BEARING 1003037b
Figure 5.5
1. Place the drive pinion and the tube of the staking tool into a
press with the spigot bearing toward the top. Figure 5.6.
Figure 5.6
1003034b
Figure 5.3 PRESS
Install and center
2. Press the spigot bearing on the end of the drive pinion. The the punch on the
bearing must be flat against the gear head. Use a sleeve of the end of pinion.
correct size against the bearing inner race. Figure 5.3. SPIGOT
BEARING
3. Use snap ring pliers to install the snap ring, if equipped, into
the groove in the end of the drive pinion. Figure 5.4. Place the shaft
Figure 5.4
of pinion into tube.
1003038b
Figure 5.6
SPIGOT
BEARING
2. When you use a staking tool and press, apply 6,614 lb
(3 000 kg) force on a 0.375-inch (10 mm) ball. Calculate the
force required on the tool as follows.
SNAP 앫 6,614 lb (3000 kg) x amount of balls in tool =
RING pounds or kilograms
1003035b 앫 Example: 6,614 lb (3000 kg) x three balls =
19,842 pounds (9000 kg)
Figure 5.4
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 27
5 Assembly and Installation
3. Place the punch of the staking tool over the end of the pinion Figure 5.8
and spigot bearing. Apply the required amount of force on the
TEMPERATURE
punch. Figure 5.6. INDICATING
LIQUID
CAUTION APPLICATION
Do not align new points with the grooves in the end of the
drive pinion or in old points. If the new staked points are
placed in the wrong areas, the spigot bearing will not be held
correctly on the pinion shaft.
1003039b
NOTE: If a three-ball stake tool is used, rotate the tool 180 degrees.
Figure 5.8
4. Stake the end of the drive pinion at a minimum of five points.
Figure 5.7. Rotate the punch as many times as required for a CAUTION
minimum of five points. Repeat Step 3 for each point. You must use the heat shield when you heat the pinion stem.
Figure 5.7
Do not heat the pinion stem without the heat shield in place.
STAKING POINTS Damage to components can result.
2. Place the heat shield over the pinion stem so that you can see
the temperature indicating liquid through the hole in the shield.
Figure 5.9.
Figure 5.9
1003036b
Figure 5.7
Two-Piece Spigot Bearing on the Drive Pinion
NOTE: This procedure applies to some 160 Series single rear axles
1003040a
and rear-rear tandem axles. These axles may also use a one-piece
spigot bearing with a snap ring retainer. Figure 5.9
NOTE: The inner race of the two-piece spigot bearings must be
staked in place on RS and RR-160 Series rear axles. Before you WARNING
stake the pinion, you must heat the pinion stem to soften it. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before using a torch.
Always wear safe clothing, gloves and eye protection when
NOTE: SPX Kent-Moore kit number J-39039 includes the staking working with a torch for heating parts to prevent serious
tool, temperature indicating liquid, heat shield and plastigage personal injury during assembly.
needed for this procedure. To obtain this kit, refer to the Service
Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual. 3. Put on safe clothing, gloves and eye protection.
1. Apply two stripes of temperature indicating liquid on the pinion
stem from the top to the bottom. Figure 5.8. Apply a green
stripe to indicate 400° F (205° C) and a blue stripe to indicate
500° F (260° C).
28 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
NOTE: To hold the races in place, use a staking tool, not the old
CAUTION
race, to start the new race on the stem. The old race can be used to
Do not overheat the pinion stem or you will weaken the metal.
completely seat the new race.
Damage to components can result.
7. Place the staking tool over the bearing race. Cut a one-inch
NOTE: Correct heating will take approximately 25-35 seconds,
(25 mm) piece from the green plastigage strip and place in
depending on how hot the torch is.
between the punch and the staking tool. You do not need to
use the plastigage for every stake. Use the plastigage until you
4. Light and adjust the torch until the white part of the flame is
are sure that you are hitting the punch with the correct amount
approximately 0.25-inch (6 mm) long. Keep the white part of
of force. Figure 5.11.
the flame approximately 0.125-inch (3 mm) from the top of the
stem. Figure 5.10. Move the flame around the outer diameter
Figure 5.11
of the top of the pinion stem. The green temperature indicating
PUNCH
liquid will turn black before the blue liquid does. Heat the stem
PLASTIGAGE STAKES
until the blue liquid turns black at a point in the middle of the
STAKING
window. TOOL
Figure 5.10 BEARING
INNER
TORCH RACE
0.25"
(6 MM)
WHITE PART
OF FLAME 0.125"
VIEW A VIEW B
(3 MM)
1003042b
HEAT
SHIELD Figure 5.11
PINION
1003041b
8. Strike the punch with a two-three pound (0.9-1.4 kg) brass
Figure 5.10 hammer to upset the end of the pinion stem. Remove the strip
and measure its thickness against the gauge on the strip’s
5. Remove the flame and the heat shield from the pinion. Let the wrapper. The strip must not be less than 0.003-inch
pinion air cool for 10 minutes. Use a razor blade to remove the (0.0762 mm) thick. This thickness indicates that you are using
temperature indicating liquid. enough force when you hit the punch. If the strip is too thin,
then you must hit the punch harder so the stake will hold the
CAUTION race in place. Rotate the tool and repeat this procedure until
Do not press or directly strike the new inner race. Damage to there are six evenly spaced stake marks around the stem.
the bearing will result. Figure 5.11.
9. With a press or a soft mallet and sleeve, install the outer race
6. Use a press, if available, or a brass hammer to install the new
and roller assembly into its bore in the carrier. Use a sleeve that
inner race. Use the old inner race as a sleeve. The face is
is the same size as the outer race. Press the bearing until it is
completely seated when you cannot fit a 0.002-inch
squarely seated against the shoulder in the bottom of its bore.
(0.0508 mm) feeler gauge between the race and the
pinion shoulder.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 29
5 Assembly and Installation
Drive Pinion 2. Install a sleeve of the correct size against the inner race of the
outer bearing. Figure 5.13.
1. Apply axle lubricant to the bearing cups and to the bearing
cones in the cage. Figure 5.13
2. Install the drive pinion into the bearing cage.
PRESS
3. Install the bearing spacer or spacers onto the pinion shaft SLEEVE
against the inner bearing cone. Figure 5.12. The spacer or
spacers control the preload adjustment of the drive pinion
bearings.
Figure 5.12
OUTER
BEARING CONE
1003044b
BEARING Figure 5.13
SPACER
3. Apply and hold the correct amount of pressure to the pinion
bearings. Refer to Table I. As pressure is applied, rotate the
BEARING bearing cage several times so that the bearings make normal
CAGE contact.
Table I
DRIVE INNER
PINION BEARING CONE Press Pressure Needed Torque Value Needed on
Thread on Bearings for Correct Pinion Nut for Correct
Size of Preload Bearing Preload
1003043a
Pinion pounds/ kg/metric
Figure 5.12
Shaft tons tons lb-ft N폷m
4. Install the outer bearing cone onto the pinion shaft against the 7/8″ -20 22,000/1 9979/10 200-275 271-373
spacer. Do not install the pinion seal into the bearing cage. 1″ -20 30,000/15 13 608/13.6 300-400 407-542
Figure 5.12. 1-1/4″ -12 54,000/27 24 494/24.5 700-900 949-1220
1-1/4″ -18 54,000/27 24 494/24.5 700-900 949-1220
Adjustment
1-1/2″ -12 54,000/27 24 494/24.5 800-1100 1085-1491
Pinion Bearing Preload 1-1/2″ -18 54,000/27 24 494/24.5 800-1100 1085-1491
Press Method 1-3/4″ -12 50,000/25 22 680/22.7 900-1200 1220-1627
If a press is not available, or the press does not have a pressure 2″ -12 50,000/25 22 680/22.7 1200-1500 1627-2034
gauge, use the yoke or flange method to adjust the pinion bearing
preload. 4. While pressure is held against the assembly, wind a cord
around the bearing cage several times.
NOTE: Do not read the starting torque. Read only the torque value
5. Attach a spring scale to the end of the cord.
after the cage starts to rotate. The starting torque will give an
incorrect reading. 6. Pull the cord on a horizontal line. As the bearing cage rotates,
read the value indicated on the scale. Record the reading.
1. Place the drive pinion and cage assembly into a press with the Figure 5.13.
gear head or teeth toward the bottom.
30 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
7. Measure the diameter of the bearing cage where the cord was Yoke or Flange Method
wound. Measure in inches or centimeters. Figure 5.14.
CAUTION
Figure 5.14
Do not install tight-fitting yokes or flanges onto shafts using a
hammer or mallet. A hammer or mallet will damage the yoke
or flange.
1. Use a press to install the input yoke or flange, nut and washer,
if equipped, onto the drive pinion. The yoke or flange must be
seated against the outer bearing. Figure 5.15.
Figure 5.15
Measure diameter of cage. PRESS
1003045b
Figure 5.14 INPUT
FLANGE
SHOWN
8. Divide the dimension in half to get the radius. Record the
radius dimension.
9. Use the following procedure to calculate the bearing preload or
torque.
1003046b
앫 Pounds Pulled x Radius (inches) = lb-in Preload
Figure 5.15
— Preload x 0.113 = N폷m Preload
앫 Kilograms Pulled x Radius (cm) = kg-cm lb-in Preload 2. Install the drive pinion and cage assembly into the carrier. Do
— Preload x 0.098 = N폷m Preload not install shims under the bearing cage. Figure 5.16.
앫 Reading from spring scale = 7.5 pounds (3.4 kg) Figure 5.16
앫 Diameter of bearing cage = 6.62-inches (16.8 cm)
앫 Radius of bearing cage = 3.31-inches (8.4 cm)
— 7.5 lb x 3.31-inches = 24.8 in-lb Preload
Preload x 0.113 = 2.8 N폷m Preload
— 3.4 kg x 8.4 cm = 28.6 kg-cm Preload
Preload x 0.098 = 2.8 N폷m Preload
10. If the preload or torque of the pinion bearings is not within
1003355b
5-45 lb-in (0.56-5.08 N폷m) for new pinion bearings or
10-30 lb-in (1.13-3.39 N폷m) for used pinion bearings in good Figure 5.16
condition, adjust the spacer and repeat Step 1 through Step 9.
@ 3. Install the bearing cage-to-carrier capscrews. Washers are not
앫 To increase preload: Install a thinner bearing spacer. required at this time. Hand-tighten the capscrews.
앫 To decrease preload: Install a thicker bearing spacer.
11. Check the bearing preload with the drive pinion and cage
assembly installed in the carrier. Follow the procedures to adjust
the pinion bearing preload using the yoke or flange method.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 31
5 Assembly and Installation
4. Fasten a yoke or flange bar to the input yoke or flange. The bar 9. After adjusting the pinion bearing preload, remove the drive
will hold the drive pinion in position when the nut is tightened. pinion and bearing cage from the carrier. Refer to Section 3.
Figure 5.17.
Shim Pack Thickness for a New Drive Pinion
Figure 5.17
Use this procedure if you’ll install a new drive pinion and ring gear
set, or if you have to adjust the depth of the drive pinion. If the pinion
depth shims are misplaced during carrier repair, use 0.045-inch
(1.14 mm) for the initial pinion position. Figure 5.19.
Figure 5.19
SHIM PACK
FLANGE CONTROLS DEPTH
BAR BEARING CAGE
OF PINION
SHOWN
1003352b
Figure 5.17
5. Tighten the drive pinion nut to the correct torque value.
Figure 5.17. Refer to Table I.
CARRIER
6. Remove the yoke or flange bar.
1003054b
7. Attach a torque wrench onto the drive pinion nut. Rotate the
Figure 5.19
drive pinion and read the value indicated on the torque wrench.
Figure 5.18.
1. Use a micrometer to measure the thickness of the shim pack
Figure 5.18
that was removed from under the pinion cage. Record the
measurement. Figure 5.20.
Figure 5.20
Read
torque
value.
1001049b
Figure 5.18
1003055a
8. If the pinion bearing preload or torque is not within 5-45 lb-in
Figure 5.20
(0.56-5.08 N폷m) for new pinion bearings or 10-30 lb-in
(1.13-3.39 N폷m) for used pinion bearings in good condition,
remove the pinion and cage assembly from the carrier. Adjust
the spacer and repeat Step 1 through Step 7. @
앫 To increase preload: Install a thinner bearing spacer.
앫 To decrease preload: Install a thicker bearing spacer.
32 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
2. Find the pinion cone (PC) variation number on the drive pinion Table J
you’ll replace. Figure 5.21. Record the number. The pinion
Examples Inches mm
cone number can be one of the following values.
1. Old Shim Pack Thickness. 0.030 – 0.002 0.760 – 0.050
앫 PC +3, PC –3, +3 or –3 = 0.003-inch Old PC Number, PC = 0.028 = 0.710
앫 PC +0.03, PC 0.03 mm, +0.03 mm or –0.03 = 0.03 mm +2-inches (+0.05 mm) + 0.005 + 0.130
Standard Shim Pack = 0.033 = 0.840
Figure 5.21
Thickness. New PC
Number, PC +5-inches
(+0.13 mm)
PINION CONE
VARIATION New Shim Pack Thickness
NUMBER
2. Old Shim Pack Thickness. 0.030 + 0.002 0.760 + 0.050
Old PC Number, PC = 0.032 = 0.810
–2-inches (–0.05 mm) + 0.005 + 0.130
Standard Shim Pack = 0.037 = 0.940
Thickness. New PC
1003056b Number, PC +5-inches
(+0.13 mm)
Figure 5.21
New Shim Pack Thickness
3. If you can’t find the PC number or it’s unreadable, install a new 3. Old Shim Pack Thickness. 0.030 – 0.002 0.760 – 0.050
shim pack of the same thickness that you measured in Step 1. Old PC Number, PC = 0.028 = 0.710
4. If the old pinion cone number is a plus (+) number, subtract the +2-inches (+0.05 mm) – 0.005 – 0.130
number from the old shim pack thickness that was measured Standard Shim Pack = 0.023 = 0.580
in Step 2. Thickness. New PC
Number, PC –5-inches
5. If the old pinion cone number is a minus (–) number, add the
(–0.13 mm)
number to the old shim pack thickness that was measured in
Step 2. New Shim Pack Thickness
6. Find the pinion cone (PC) variation number on the new drive 4. Old Shim Pack Thickness. 0.030 + 0.002 0.760 + 0.050
pinion that will be installed. Record the number. Old PC Number, PC = 0.032 = 0.810
–2-inches (–0.05 mm) – 0.005 – 0.130
7. If the new pinion cone number is a plus (+) number, add the = 0.027 = 0.680
Standard Shim Pack
number to the standard shim pack thickness that was
Thickness. New PC
calculated in Step 4 or Step 5. Use new shims to make a shim
Number, PC –5-inches
pack to the correct thickness. Refer to Table J.
(–0.13 mm)
New Shim Pack Thickness
8. If the new pinion cone number is a minus (–) number, subtract
the number from the standard shim pack thickness that was
calculated in Step 4 or Step 5. Use new shims to make a shim
pack to the correct thickness. Refer to Table J.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 33
5 Assembly and Installation
Installation Figure 5.23
DRIVE PINION
AND BEARING CAGE
Drive Pinion, Bearing Cage and Shim Pack
into the Carrier
NOTE: If a new drive pinion and ring gear set is installed, or if the
SHIMS
depth of the drive pinion has to be adjusted, calculate the thickness
CARRIER
of the shim pack. Refer to the procedure in this section.
1. Select the correct shim pack and install it between the bearing
cage and carrier. Figure 5.22.
1003355c
Figure 5.22
Figure 5.23
GUIDE STUDS
6. Install the bearing cage-to-carrier capscrews and washers.
Tighten the capscrews to the correct torque value. Figure 5.24.
Refer to Section 8.
Figure 5.24
CARRIER
1003354b
Figure 5.22
1001059a
2. Apply Loctite® 518 Gasket Eliminator to the carrier face.
Figure 5.24
3. Align the oil slots in the shims with the oil slots in the bearing
cage and carrier. Use guide studs to help align the shims.
Figure 5.22. Tight Fit Yokes and POSE™ Seal
4. Apply Loctite® 518 Gasket Eliminator to the top of the shim CAUTION
pack. Do not use a hammer or mallet to install tight fit yokes onto
5. Install the drive pinion and bearing cage into the carrier. If shafts. A hammer or mallet can damage the yoke.
necessary, use a rubber, plastic or leather mallet to hit the
assembly into position. Figure 5.23. The seal lips must be clean. Dirt and particles may cause a
leak between the yoke and the POSE™ seal.
NOTE: Do not install a POSE™ seal all the way against the yoke
shoulder. This seal is designed to position itself as the yoke is
installed.
1. Apply axle lubricant on the yoke seal.
2. Inspect all surfaces of the yoke hub for damage.
34 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
3. If the carrier uses a POSE™ seal element, install a new
CAUTION
POSE™ seal.
The seal lips must be clean. Dirt and particles may cause a
A. Lightly lubricate the yoke journal with the same lubricant leak between the yoke and the seal.
used in the axle housing.
B. Partially install the POSE™ seal onto the yoke 7. Install a new triple-lip seal.
0.25-0.50-inch (6.4-12.7 mm). Figure 5.25. A. Apply the same lubricant used in the axle housing to the
C. Before you install the yoke onto the drive pinion, lubricate outer surface of the seal and the seal bore in the bearing
the yoke with the same lubricant used in the axle housing. cage. Figure 5.27.
B. Place the drive pinion and cage assembly into a press
with the seal bore toward the top.
Figure 5.25
Lubricate triple-lip
or main seal. C. Press the seal into the bearing cage. The seal flange must
be flat against the top of the bearing cage. Use a sleeve or
seal driver of the correct size that fits against the metal
INPUT SHAFT
OR PINION seal flange. The diameter of the sleeve or driver must be
larger than the flange diameter. Figure 5.28.
POSETM SEAL, 앫 If a press is not available: Use a mallet and the
0.25-0.50" (6.4-12.7 MM)
Inspect ONTO HUB
sleeve or driver to install the seal. Figure 5.29.
yoke hub.
1003360a D. After the triple-lip seal is installed, a gap of approximately
0.015-0.030-inch (0.38-0.76 mm) between the flange
Figure 5.25
and bearing cage is normal. Figure 5.30.
4. Slide the yoke over the input shaft pinion. Align the yoke E. Check the gap with a feeler gauge at several points
splines with the shaft splines. around the seal. The gap must be within
0.015-0.030-inch (0.38-0.76 mm). The difference
CAUTION between the largest and smallest gap measurement must
Do not use a hammer or mallet to install the yoke to the input not exceed 0.010-inch (0.0254 mm).
pinion shaft. A hammer or mallet can damage the yoke or
flange. Figure 5.27
Apply lubricant
5. Install the input yoke flange onto the drive pinion shaft. The to seal bore.
Apply grease.
yoke or flange must be fully seated against the outer
differential bearing before the nut is tightened to specifications.
6. Install the drive pinion nut and washer onto the input pinion
shaft and against the yoke collar. Tighten the nut against yoke
collar to torque specifications. Figure 5.26. Refer to Section 8.
BEARING
Figure 5.26
CAGE TRIPLE-LIP,
MAIN SEAL
DRIVE
PINION
1003050b
Figure 5.27
Use flange
or yoke bar.
1003062a
Figure 5.26
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 35
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.28
Any Type Yoke with a Unitized Pinion Seal
(UPS)
PRESS
SLEEVE 1. Remove the replacement unitized seal from the package.
SLEEVE SEAL Figure 5.31.
Figure 5.31
BEARING
DRIVE CAGE UNITIZED
PINION SEAL
SUPPORTS
1003051b
Figure 5.28
Figure 5.29 1003397a
SEAL DRIVER Figure 5.31
CAUTION
If a yoke is removed after it has been partially or fully installed,
the unitized pinion seal will be damaged. Remove and discard
the original unitized pinion seal and replace it with a new one.
1003052b If a yoke has been installed into the unitized pinion seal and
then removed, the inner sleeve of the seal will be damaged.
Figure 5.29
Install a new seal.
Figure 5.30
2. Select the correct seal driver from Table K. Each seal driver
is designed to correctly install a specific diameter seal.
0.015-0.030" To determine the yoke seal diameter, measure the yoke journal.
(0.38-0.76 MM) To obtain the Meritor seal driver KIT 4454, refer to the Service
SHOWN WITHOUT Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
BEARINGS AND
PINION 3. Position the seal on the driver.
CAUTION
Use a rubber mallet to install the seal. Do not use a steel, brass
or plastic hammer. Using a steel, brass or plastic hammer can
1003053b damage the seal and driver tool.
Figure 5.30
4. Use a rubber mallet to drive the seal into or against the bearing
cage. The seal must fully seat into or against the bearing cage.
Figure 5.32.
36 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.32
RUBBER REFERENCE
MALLET MARK
The seal must
be fully seated
in or against
SEAL the bearing cage.
DRIVER
R4422401 1003389d
Figure 5.32
5. Visually inspect the seal to verify that it is seated correctly.
Table K: Unitized Pinion Seals and Seal Drivers
Yoke Seal
Meritor Unitized Meritor Seal Diameter
Single Models Tandem Models Pinion Seal Seal Installation Location Driver Inches
RS-17-145 RT-34-144 /P A-1205-R-2592 Tandem Forward Input — R4422402 3.250
RS-19-145 RT-34-145 /P 145 models from November 1993 3.255
to present
RS-21-145 RT-40-145 /A /P
A-1205-P-2590 Tandem Forward Output — R4422401 3.000
RS-21-160 RT-40-149 /A /P Tandem Forward Input 3.005
RS-23-160 /A RT-44-145 /P 145 models before November
RS-23-161 /A RT-40-160 /A /P 1993 with seal A-1205-F-2424
RS-25-160 /A RT-40-169 /A /P A-1205-N-2588 Tandem and Single Rear Input — R4422401 3.000
145 models 3.005
RS-23-186 RT-46-160 /A /P
RS-26-185 RT-46-169 /A /P A-1205-Q-2591 Tandem and Single Rear Input — R4422402 3.250
160/164/185 models 3.255
RS-30-185 RT-46-164EH /P
RT-46-16HEH /P
RT-50-160 /P
RT-52-185*
RT-58-185*
* Forward and rear input only.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 37
5 Assembly and Installation
Clean, Inspect and Install the Yoke After 4. Align the yoke splines with the shaft splines. Slide the yoke
Installing a Unitized Pinion Seal over the shaft spline.
1. Use a clean shop towel and a safe cleaning solvent to clean the CAUTION
ground and polished surface of the yoke journal. Do not use Do not use a hammer or mallet to install the yoke to the input
gasoline, abrasive cleaners, towels or scrubbers to clean the pinion shaft. A hammer or mallet can damage the yoke or
yoke. Do not attempt to polish the yoke. flange.
NOTE: The unitized seal features a rubber inner sleeve that is 5. Install the input yoke flange onto the drive pinion shaft. The
designed to seal and rotate with the yoke. This feature allows you to yoke or flange must be fully seated against the outer
reuse a yoke with minor grooves. differential bearing before the nut is torqued to specifications.
2. Inspect the yoke seal surface for grooves. 6. Apply a single bead of Loctite® 277 adhesive (part number
1199Y3795) or Loctite® 270 adhesive (part number
앫 If you find grooves on the yoke: Use calipers to measure 2297M5213) at the top of the input shaft threads from inboard
the groove diameters. If any groove diameter measures less to outboard. The bead should be 0.120-inch wide.
than the dimensions shown in Figure 5.33, replace the yoke.
7. Install the drive pinion nut, and washer if required, onto the
Figure 5.33
input pinion shaft and against the yoke collar. Tighten the nut
UNITIZED PINION SEAL (UPS)
against the yoke collar to torque specifications. Figure 5.34.
Refer to Section 8.
B
Figure 5.34
Yoke Seal Minimum Yoke Diameter
Diameter at Groove (Inches)
3.000/3.005" 2.990"
3.250/3.255" 3.240"
Use flange
1003390e
or yoke bar.
A MINIMUM GROOVE DEPTH — DIAMETER
B YOKE SEAL DIAMETER 1003062a
Figure 5.33 Figure 5.34
CAUTION Any Type Yoke with a Multiple Lip Seal (MLS)
Do not install a POSE™ seal after you install a unitized pinion 1. Remove the replacement multiple lip seal from the package.
seal. The use of a POSE™ seal will prevent correct seating of Figure 5.35.
the unitized pinion seal on the yoke and can result in lubricant
leakage at the seal. POSE™ seal installation is recommended Figure 5.35
only for triple-lip and other previous design seals.
Do not use thin metal wear sleeves to refresh the yoke surface.
Wear sleeves pressed onto the yoke can prevent correct
seating of the pinion seal, damage the pinion seal assembly
and cause the seal to leak.
3. Before you install the yoke, lightly lubricate or coat the yoke
seal journal with axle oil.
4005523a
Figure 5.35
38 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
CAUTION Figure 5.36
If a yoke is removed after it has been partially or fully installed, REAR-REAR INPUT
the multiple lip seal will be damaged. Remove and discard the
original multiple lip seal and replace it with a new one.
If a yoke has been installed into the multiple lip seal and then
removed, the inner sleeve of the seal will be damaged. Install
a new seal.
2. Select the correct seal driver from Table L. Each seal driver is 4004879a
designed to correctly install a specific diameter seal. To
Figure 5.36
determine the yoke seal diameter, measure the yoke journal. To
obtain the Meritor seal driver KIT 4454, refer to the Service
Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual. 5. Use a feeler gauge to check the seal gap at all three axle
positions. The seal is correctly installed if the gap is less than
3. Position the seal on the driver. 0.005-inch (0.127 mm) around the circumference of the seal
4. Install the rear-rear axle input seal. Hold the seal only on the flange.
outer diameter. Position the seal into the seal driver and align it 앫 If the gap is more than 0.005-inch (0.127 mm): Use a
with the rear-rear axle input bearing cage. Use a dead-blow dead-blow hammer and the appropriate driver to
hammer and the appropriate driver to install the seal into the completely install the seal.
bearing cage. Figure 5.36.
Table L: Multiple Lip Seals and Seal Drivers*
Seal Service Previous Seal Seal
Single Models Tandem Models Axle Model and Position Part Number Part Number Drivers Sleeve Drivers
MX-21-160 RT-34-144 /P 14X/16X/18X/38X A1-1205X2728 A-1205R2592 2728T1 2728T2
MX-23-160R RT-34-145 /P Forward-Rear Unit Input
RF-16-145 MT-40-143 (FUI)
RF-21-160 RT-40-145 /A /P 14X/16X Forward-Rear Unit A1-1205Y2729 A-1205P2590 2729T1 2729T2
Output (FUO)
RF-22-166 RT-40-149 /A /P
RF-23-185 RT-44-145 /P 14X Rear-Rear Unit Input A1-1205Z2730 A-1205N2588 2730T1 Not Required —
(RUI) Sleeve is
RS-17-145 RT-40-160 /A /P
unitized
RS-19-145 RT-40-169 /A /P
16X/18X Rear-Rear Unit A1-1205A2731 A-1205Q2591 2731T1 Not Required —
RS-21-145 RT-46-160 /A /P Input (RUI) Sleeve is
RS-21-160 RT-46-169 /A /P unitized
RS-23-160 /A RT-46-164EH /P
RS-23-161 /A RT-46-16HEH /P
RS-25-160 /A RT-50-160 /P
RS-23-186 RT-52-185*
RS-26-185 RT-58-185*
RS-30-185
* Forward and rear input only.
Forward input and output seals must be serviced with the seal and sleeve. The service part number provides both when required.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 39
5 Assembly and Installation
If the Yoke or Inner Sleeve of the Multiple Lip Seal Assembly
was Removed at Any Time During Installation
1. The original multiple lip seal will be damaged. Remove and Main Differential and Ring Gear Assembly
discard the seal to prevent damage to components.
CAUTION
2. Install a new multiple lip seal.
Heat the ring gear before seating it onto the differential case.
Yoke Do not press a cold ring gear on the flange case half. A cold
ring gear will damage the case half because of the tight fit.
1. Before you install the yoke, lightly lubricate or coat the yoke
seal journal with axle oil. 1. Heat the ring gear in a tank of water to a temperature of
2. Align the yoke splines with the shaft splines. Slide the yoke 160-180° F (71-82° C) for 10 to 15 minutes.
over the shaft spline.
WARNING
CAUTION Wear safe clothing and gloves when working with the hot ring
Do not use a hammer or mallet to install the yoke onto the gear to prevent serious personal injury.
input pinion shaft, which can damage the yoke or flange.
2. Use a lifting tool to safely lift the ring gear from the tank of
3. Install the input yoke flange onto the drive pinion shaft. The water.
yoke or flange must be fully seated against the outer 3. Install the ring gear onto the flange case half immediately after
differential bearing before you tighten the nut. the gear is heated.
4. Install the drive pinion nut, and washer if required onto the 앫 If the ring gear does not fit easily onto the case half:
input pinion shaft and against the yoke collar. Use a flange or Heat the gear again.
yoke bar to tighten the nut against the yoke collar to torque
specifications. Figure 5.37. Refer to Section 8. 4. Align the ring gear and the flange case half fastener holes.
Rotate the ring gear as necessary.
Figure 5.37
5. Install the bolts, nuts and washers that hold the ring gear to
the flange case half. Install the bolts from the gear side of the
assembly. The bolt heads must be against the ring gear.
Figure 5.38.
앫 If rivets were used to hold the ring gear to the flange
case half: Replace them with bolts, nuts and washers.
Use flange Figure 5.38
or yoke bar.
RING GEAR
FLANGE
1003062a
CASE
HALF
Figure 5.37
BOLT HEAD
AGAINST GEAR
1003063a
Figure 5.38
40 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
6. Tighten the bolts and nuts to the correct torque value. Refer to 9. Apply axle lubricant on the inside surfaces of both case halves,
Section 8. spider or cross, thrust washers, side gears and differential
pinions.
앫 For 59000 Series carriers: Apply four to six drops of red
Loctite® 277 threadlocker to the threaded holes in the ring 10. Place the flange case half on a bench with the ring gear teeth
gear. Install the capscrews. Tighten the capscrews to toward the top.
360-470 lb-ft (490-639 N폷m). @
11. Install one thrust washer and side gear into the flange case
7. Use a 0.003-inch (0.08 mm) feeler gauge to check for gaps half. Figure 5.41.
between the back surface of the ring gear and the case flange.
Check for gaps at four points around the assembly. Figure 5.41
Figure 5.39. SIDE
GEAR
앫 If the gaps exceed specifications: Check the flange case
THRUST
half and ring gear for the problem that causes the gap. WASHER
Repair or replace parts. Assemble the ring gear onto the FLANGE
flange case half. CASE HALF
Figure 5.39
1003066a
Figure 5.41
CAUTION
Check for 0.003" The side gears in some carrier models have hubs of different
(0.08 mm) gap at lengths. Install the correct length side gear into the flange
four locations. case half. Damage to components can result.
1003056b
12. Install the spider or cross, differential pinions and thrust
Figure 5.39
washers into the flange case half. Figure 5.42.
8. Use a press and the correct size sleeve to install the bearing Figure 5.42
cones on both of the case halves. Figure 5.40. SPIDER, PINION
AND THRUST
Figure 5.40
WASHERS
PRESS
SLEEVE
BEARING
CONE
CASE
HALF
1003067a
Figure 5.42
SUPPORT SUPPORT
1003065a
Figure 5.40
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 41
5 Assembly and Installation
13. Install the second side gear and thrust washer over the spider Figure 5.45
and differential pinions. Figure 5.43. 10 6
4 2
Figure 5.43 13 15
8 12
THRUST
WASHER
11 7
1 14
SIDE
PLAIN GEAR 16 3
CASE 9
HALF
5 1003070a
Figure 5.45
1003068b
Inspection
Figure 5.43
Differential Gears Rotating Resistance
14. Place the plain half of the differential case over the flange half 1. Make an inspection tool using an axle shaft that matches the
and gears. Rotate the plain half to align the match marks. spline size of the differential side gear. Cut the shaft to
Figure 5.43 and Figure 5.44. approximately 12-inches (304.8 mm). Weld a nut onto the end
of the shaft. Figure 5.46.
Figure 5.44
PLAIN Figure 5.46
CASE APPROXIMATELY
HALF 12" (304.8 MM)
MATCH
MARKS
SIDE Weld nut to
VIEW END end of shaft.
VIEW
1003071b
1003069e
Figure 5.46
Figure 5.44
2. Place the differential and ring gear assembly in a vise. Install
15. Install Dri-Loc® fasteners into the case halves. Refer to soft metal covers over the vise jaws to protect the ring gear.
Section 6. Figure 5.47.
A. Install four capscrews and washers or bolts, nuts and Figure 5.47
washers, if equipped, into the case halves. The distance
between the fasteners must be equal. Tighten the TOOL FOR
CHECKING
fasteners to the correct torque value in a progressive RESISTANCE
crisscross pattern opposite each other. Refer to Section 8.
Figure 5.45.
B. Install the other fasteners into the case halves. Tighten the
fasteners to the correct torque value. Refer to Section 8.
SOFT
16. Check the differential gears rotating resistance. METAL
COVER
1003072f
Figure 5.47
42 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
3. Install the tool into the differential until the splines of the tool Figure 5.49
are engaged with one side gear. Figure 5.47. ADHESIVE BEARING CAP
4. Place a torque wrench onto the nut of the tool and rotate the
differential gears. As the differential gears rotate, read the CARRIER LEG
value indicated on the torque wrench. Figure 5.48.
앫 If the torque value exceeds 50 lb-ft (67.8 N폷m):
Disassemble the differential gears from the case halves.
Inspect the case halves, spider, gears and thrust washers.
Repair or replace parts. Assemble the parts and repeat
Step 2 through Step 4. 1003026d
Figure 5.48
Figure 5.49
4. Install the bearing cups over the bearing cones that are
assembled on the case halves. Figure 5.50.
Figure 5.50
BEARING
Read torque value. CUP
BEARING
1003073d CUP
LEG
Figure 5.48 BORE
Installation
1002788d
Differential and Ring Gear Assembly
Figure 5.50
1. Clean and dry the bearing cups and bores of the carrier legs
and bearing caps. 5. Safely lift the differential and ring gear assembly and install it
2. Apply axle lubricant on the inner diameter of the bearing cups into the carrier. The bearing cups must be flat against the
and on both bearing cones that are assembled on the case bores between the carrier legs. Figure 5.50.
halves. 6. Install both of the bearing adjusting rings into position between
® the carrier legs. Turn each adjusting ring hand-tight against the
3. Apply green Loctite 635 or 680 adhesive into the bearing
bores of the carrier legs and bearing caps so that the Loctite® bearing cup. Figure 5.51.
adhesive is spread out 360 degrees. Adhesive must not 앫 For 59000 Series carriers: Apply green Loctite® 635 or
contact the adjusting ring threads. Refer to Section 6. 680 adhesive to the adjusting ring threads on the carrier
Figure 5.49. legs and bearing caps so that the Loctite® adhesive is
spread out 360 degrees. Do not apply Loctite® adhesive
between the bearing cup and adjusting ring. You must
adjust the preload within the “set-time” of the Loctite®
adhesive used. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for
these set-times. Also, during and after setting the bearings,
verify that no Loctite® adhesive gets into the interface
between the bearing cup and the adjusting ring.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 43
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.51 9. Install the capscrews and washers that hold the bearing caps
ADJUSTING to the carrier. Hand-tighten the capscrews four to six turns.
RING Tighten the capscrews to the correct torque value. Refer to
Section 8.
Do not install the capscrews, cotter pins, roll pins or lock
plates, if equipped, that hold the bearing adjusting rings in
position.
10. Adjust the differential bearing preload and hypoid gear
backlash. Check the tooth contact patterns.
LEG
1002789d
Adjustment
Figure 5.51
Differential Bearing Preload
7. Install the bearing caps over the bearings and adjusting rings.
Align the match marks you made when you removed the caps. Method 1
Figure 5.52. 1. Attach a dial indicator onto the carrier mounting flange so that
the plunger or pointer is against the ring gear back surface.
Figure 5.52
Figure 5.53.
Figure 5.53
BEARING DIAL
CAP INDICATOR
MATCH
MARKS
1002790c
Figure 5.52
1003078d
CAUTION Figure 5.53
If the bearing caps are not installed in the correct locations,
the bores and threads in the caps will not match the carrier.
You will have problems assembling the caps on the carrier and CAUTION
damage to parts can occur. Do not force the bearing caps into When you turn the adjusting rings, always use a tool that
position. engages two or more opposite notches in the ring. A “T” bar
wrench can be used for this purpose. If the tool does not
8. Seat each bearing cap with a light leather, plastic or rubber correctly fit into the notches, damage to the lugs will occur.
mallet. The caps must fit easily against the bearings, adjusting
rings and carrier. Do not force the bearing caps into position. 2. Use a “T” bar wrench to loosen the bearing adjusting ring that
is opposite the ring gear. A small amount of end play will show
앫 If the bearing caps do not correctly fit into position: on the dial indicator. Figure 5.54.
Check the alignment of the match marks between the caps
and carrier. Remove the caps and repeat Step 6 through
Step 8.
44 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.54 Figure 5.56
"T" BAR
WRENCH
Bars must not
touch bearings.
ADJUSTING
RING
OPPOSITE
RING GEAR
1003081g
1003079b
Figure 5.54 Figure 5.56
3. Use one of the following methods to move the differential and 4. Tighten the bearing adjusting ring until the dial indicator reads
ring gear to the left and right while you read the dial indicator. ZERO end play. Move the differential and ring gear to the left
and right as needed. If necessary, repeat Step A or Step B.
A. Insert two pry bars between the bearing adjusting rings
and ends of the differential case. The pry bars must not 5. Tighten each bearing adjusting ring one notch from ZERO.
touch the differential bearings. Figure 5.55. 6. Proceed to check ring gear runout.
B. Insert two pry bars between the differential case or ring
gear and the carrier at locations other than described in Method 2
Step A. The pry bars must not touch the differential 1. Hand-tighten both adjusting rings against the differential
bearings. Figure 5.56. bearings.
Figure 5.55
2. Use a micrometer to measure distance X or Y between the
opposite surfaces of the bearing caps. Figure 5.57 and
Figure 5.58. Record the measurement.
Figure 5.57
Bars must not
touch bearings.
1003080f
Figure 5.55
1003082d
Figure 5.57
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 45
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.58
Ring Gear Runout
MICROMETER 1. Attach a dial indicator onto the carrier mounting flange.
Figure 5.59.
Figure 5.59
Rotate ring gear.
DIAL
INDICATOR
1003083d
Figure 5.58
3. Tighten each bearing adjusting ring one notch.
4. Measure distance X or Y again. Compare the measurement 1003084c
with the one you obtained in Step 2. The difference between
the two dimensions is the amount the bearing caps have Figure 5.59
expanded. Refer to the example in Table M.
2. Adjust the dial indicator so that the plunger or pointer is against
앫 If the dimension is within the specification in Table N:
the back surface of the ring gear. Figure 5.59. Set the dial
Continue by checking ring gear runout.
indicator to ZERO.
앫 If the dimension is less than the specification in
3. Rotate the differential and ring gear. Read the dial indicator.
Table N: Repeat Step 3 and Step 4 as needed.
The ring gear runout must not exceed 0.008-inch (0.200 mm).
Table M: Example 앫 If the ring gear runout is within the specification:
RS-145 Carrier Measurements Proceed to Ring Gear Backlash.
Distance X or Y before tightening the adjusting rings = 앫 If the ring gear runout exceeds the specification:
13.927-inches (353.74 mm) Remove the differential and ring gear assembly from the
carrier. Refer to Section 3.
Distance X or Y after tightening the adjusting rings =
13.936-inches (353.97 mm) A. Inspect the differential parts, including the carrier, for
13.936-inches – 13.927-inches = 0.009-inch (0.23 mm) wear and damage. Repair or replace parts as necessary.
difference B. Install the main differential case and ring gear assembly
into the carrier. Refer to the procedure in this section.
Table N: Specification
C. Repeat the procedure for preload adjustment of the
Differential differential side bearings.
Bearing Preload Expansion Between Bearing Caps
15-35 lb-in RS-140, RS-145 RS-120 and all
(1.7-3.9 N폷m) and RS-160 other carrier
carrier models models
0.002-0.009-inch 0.006-0.013-inch
(0.05-0.229 mm) (0.15-0.33 mm)
46 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Ring Gear Backlash Figure 5.61
Table O: Specifications
Ring Gear Pitch Range of Backlash Setting
Diameter Backlash Setting for New Gear Sets
Less than 17-inches 0.008-0.018-inch 0.012-inch
(431.8 mm) (0.20-0.46 mm) (0.30 mm)
Greater than 0.010-0.020-inch 0.015-inch
17-inches (0.25-0.51 mm) (0.38 mm)
(431.8 mm) 1003086d
Figure 5.61
Measure the outer diameter of the ring gear for the approximate
pitch diameter. Figure 5.60.
5. Loosen one bearing adjusting ring one notch. Tighten the
앫 If the old gear set is installed: Adjust the backlash to the opposite ring by the same amount.
setting that was measured before the carrier was disassembled.
앫 To increase the backlash: Move the ring gear away from
앫 If a new gear set is installed: Adjust the backlash to the correct the drive pinion. Figure 5.62.
specification for new gear sets.
앫 To decrease the backlash: Move the ring gear toward the
Figure 5.60 drive pinion. Figure 5.63.
Figure 5.62
Tighten adjusting
ring this side.
Measure outer
diameter for
approximate
pitch diameter. Loosen adjusting
Increase backlash. ring this side.
1003090k
Figure 5.60 1002795b
Figure 5.62
After checking the tooth contact patterns, the backlash can be
adjusted within the specification limits, if needed. To change the Figure 5.63
location of the pattern, use the following procedures.
Loosen adjusting
1. Attach a dial indicator onto the carrier mounting flange. ring this side.
Figure 5.61.
Decrease backlash.
2. Adjust the dial indicator so that the plunger is against the tooth
surface.
3. Adjust the dial indicator to ZERO. Hold the drive pinion in position. Tighten adjusting
ring this side.
4. After reading the dial indicator, rotate the differential and ring 1002796b
gear a small amount in both directions against the drive pinion
teeth. Figure 5.63
앫 If the backlash reading is within the specification:
NOTE: When you adjust the backlash, only move the ring gear. Do
Check the tooth contact patterns.
not move the drive pinion.
앫 If the backlash reading is not within the specification:
Adjust the backlash as needed.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 47
5 Assembly and Installation
6. Repeat Step 2 through Step 5 until the backlash is within Figure 5.66
specification. Record the setting for use when you adjust the
pinion bearing preload.
Gear Set Tooth Contact Patterns (Backlash)
Some Meritor carriers have a generoid hypoid gear set. The tooth
contact patterns for each type of gear set are different. Check the
part numbers to determine what type of gear set is in the carrier.
Refer to Figure 5.64 for the location of part numbers. Refer to DRIVE SIDE,
CONVEX 1003091b
Section 4.
Figure 5.66
Figure 5.64
1. Adjust the backlash of a new gear set to either 0.012-inch
PART (0.305 mm) or 0.015-inch (0.380 mm) depending on the size
NUMBER
PART of the ring gear. Adjust the backlash of an old gear set to the
NUMBER
PART NUMBER setting that you measured before the carrier was
OPTION
disassembled. Refer to the procedure in this section.
1003089c
2. Apply a marking compound onto approximately 12 gear teeth
Figure 5.64 of the ring gear. Rotate the ring gear so that the 12 gear teeth
are next to the drive pinion. Figure 5.67.
The following are examples of part numbers for generoid gear sets.
Figure 5.67
앫 36786 K or 36786 K2 for the ring gear
앫 36787 K or 36787 K2 for the drive pinion
In the following procedures, movement of the contact pattern in the
length of the tooth is indicated as toward the heel or toe of the ring
gear. Figure 5.65.
Figure 5.65
1001091a
Figure 5.67
TOE
3. Rotate the ring gear forward and backward so that the 12 gear
HEEL teeth go past the drive pinion six times to get the contact
patterns. Repeat if needed to get a clearer pattern.
1003090l
Figure 5.65
Always check the tooth contact patterns on the drive side of the gear
teeth. Figure 5.66.
48 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
4. Look at the contact patterns on the ring gear teeth. Compare Figure 5.70
the patterns to Figure 5.68, Figure 5.69 and Figure 5.70. LOW PATTERN, HYPOID GENEROID GEARS
The location of good hand-rolled contact patterns for new
conventional and generoid gear sets is toward the toe of the
gear tooth and in the center between the top and bottom of the
tooth. Figure 5.68.
When the carrier is operated, a good pattern will extend
approximately the full length of the gear tooth. The top of the
pattern will be near the top of the gear tooth. Figure 5.71.
1001094a
The location of a good hand-rolled contact pattern for an old gear
Figure 5.70
set must match the wear pattern in the ring gear. The new
contact pattern will be smaller in area than the old wear pattern.
Figure 5.71
A high contact pattern indicates that the drive pinion was not GOOD PATTERN IN OPERATION, GENEROID GEARS
installed deep enough into the carrier. A low contact pattern
indicates that the drive pinion was installed too deep in the
carrier.
앫 If the contact patterns require adjustment: Continue by
following Step 5 to move the contact patterns between the
top and bottom of the gear teeth.
앫 If the contact patterns are in the center of the gear
teeth: Continue by following Step 6.
Figure 5.68 1001095a
GOOD HAND-ROLLED PATTERN,
HYPOID GENEROID GEARS Figure 5.71
1001092c
Figure 5.68
Figure 5.69
HIGH PATTERN, HYPOID GENEROID GEARS
1001093a
Figure 5.69
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 49
5 Assembly and Installation
5. Change the thickness of the shim pack under the bearing cage 6. Adjust the backlash of the ring gear within the specification
to move the contact patterns between the top and bottom of range to move the contact patterns to the correct location in
the gear teeth. Use the following procedure. the length of the gear teeth. Refer to the procedure in this
A. Remove the drive pinion and bearing cage from the section.
carrier. Refer to Section 3. A. Decrease the backlash to move the contact patterns
앫 To correct a high contact pattern: Decrease the toward the toe of the ring gear teeth. Figure 5.74.
thickness of the shim pack under the bearing cage. B. Increase the backlash to move the contact patterns
When decreasing the thickness of the shim pack, the toward the heel of the ring gear teeth. Figure 5.75.
drive pinion will move toward the ring gear.
Figure 5.72. C. Repeat Step 2 through Step 4 and Step 6 until the contact
patterns are at the correct location in the length of the
앫 To correct a low contact pattern: Increase the
gear teeth.
thickness of the shim pack under the bearing cage.
When increasing the thickness of the shim pack, the Figure 5.74
drive pinion will move away from the ring gear.
Move pattern toward toe,
Figure 5.73. loosen adjusting ring
this side
B. Install the drive pinion, bearing cage and shims into the
Decrease backlash.
carrier. Refer to the procedure in this section.
C. Repeat Step 2 through Step 5 until the contact patterns are
in the center between the top and bottom of the gear teeth.
Tighten adjusting ring.
Figure 5.72
1003103b
Figure 5.74
Figure 5.75
Move pattern toward toe,
loosen adjusting ring
this side
Decrease shim pack.
1003102b
Figure 5.72
Loosen adjusting ring.
Decrease backlash.
Figure 5.73 1003104b
Figure 5.75
Increase shim pack.
1003101b
Figure 5.73
50 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
CAUTION Installation
If the carrier has cotter pins or capscrews, lock the adjusting
rings only with cotter pins or capscrews. If the carrier has roll Thrust Screw (If Equipped)
pins, reuse the roll pins. Do not force a roll pin into a cotter pin 1. Rotate the carrier in the repair stand until the back surface of
hole. Damage to components can result. the ring gear is toward the TOP.
7. Install the capscrews, cotter pins, roll pins or lock plates, if 2. Install the jam nut onto the thrust screw. Thread the jam nut to
equipped, that hold the two bearing adjusting rings in position. the middle of the thrust screw. Figure 5.77.
Use the following procedures.
Figure 5.77
A. Install capscrews between the lugs of the adjusting ring
REAR CARRIER EXAMPLE
and through the boss of the bearing cap. New capscrews
include a locking patch, which can only be used once. THRUST SCREW
If you are installing used capscrews, apply Loctite® AND JAM NUT
threadlocker to the capscrew threads before you install
the capscrews. Figure 5.76.
B. Install cotter pins between the lugs of the adjusting ring
and through the boss of the bearing cap. Bend the two
ends of the cotter pin around the boss. Figure 5.76.
C. Use a drift and hammer to install the roll pin through the 1002806c
boss of the bearing cap until the roll pin is between the
Figure 5.77
lugs of the adjusting ring. Figure 5.76.
D. Install the lock plate onto the bearing cap so that the tab 3. Install the thrust screw into the carrier. Use a feeler gauge to
is between the lugs of the adjusting ring. Install the two verify that the clearance between the thrust screw and the ring
capscrews and washers that hold the lock plate to the gear is 0.025-0.045-inch (0.65-1.14 mm).
bearing cap. Tighten the capscrews to the correct torque
value. Refer to Section 8. Figure 5.76. 4. Loosen the thrust screw one-half turn or 180 degrees.
Figure 5.78.
앫 For 59000 Series carriers: Apply two to three drops of
red Loctite® 277 threadlocker to the sides of the locking Figure 5.78
tab threaded holes. Apply Loctite® 277 threadlocker REAR CARRIER EXAMPLE
even if the capscrews have a locking patch.
Loosen thrust screw
Figure 5.76
1/2 turn.
CAPSCREW COTTER PIN ROLL PIN
LOCK
PLATE
THREADED HOLES IN 1002807c
CAP WHEN LOCK
PLATE IS USED Figure 5.78
1003105e
Figure 5.76
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 51
5 Assembly and Installation
5. Tighten the jam nut, if equipped, to the correct torque value 1. Use a cleaning solvent and rags to clean the inside of the axle
against the carrier. Refer to Section 8. Figure 5.79. housing and the carrier mounting surface.
To complete the assembly of axles equipped with 2. Inspect the axle housing for damage. Repair or replace the axle
driver-controlled main differential locks, refer to Section 6. housing.
Figure 5.79
3. Check for loose studs, if equipped, in the mounting surface of
the housing where the carrier fastens. Remove and clean the
REAR CARRIER EXAMPLE
studs that are loose.
Hold thrust screw Tighten jam nut to
correct torque value. 4. Apply liquid adhesive to the threaded holes. Install the studs
in position.
into the axle housing. Tighten the studs to the correct torque
value. Refer to Section 8. @
CAUTION
Apply silicone gasket material in a continuous 0.25-inch
(6 mm) bead. If you use more than this amount, gasket
1002808c material can break off and plug lubrication passages. Damage
Figure 5.79 to components can result.
5. Apply a 0.25-inch (6 mm) continuous bead of silicone gasket
Differential Carrier into the Axle Housing
material to the mounting surface of the housing where the
carrier fastens. Figure 5.80.
WARNING
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small Figure 5.80
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal
injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a
physician as soon as possible.
Solvent cleaners can be flammable, poisonous and cause 0.25" (6 MM)
DIAMETER SILICONE
burns. Examples of solvent cleaners are carbon tetrachloride, GASKET BEAD
4004435a
and emulsion-type and petroleum-base cleaners. Read the
manufacturer’s instructions before using a solvent cleaner, Figure 5.80
then carefully follow the instructions. Also follow the
procedures below.
CAUTION
앫 Wear safe eye protection.
Do not use a hammer or mallet to install the carriers.
앫 Wear clothing that protects your skin. A hammer or mallet will damage the mounting flange of the
앫 Work in a well-ventilated area. carrier and cause oil leaks.
앫 Do not use gasoline, or solvents that contain gasoline. 6. Use a hydraulic roller jack or a lifting tool to install the carrier
Gasoline can explode. into the axle housing.
앫 You must use hot solution tanks or alkaline solutions 7. Install nuts and washers or capscrews and washers, if
correctly. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before equipped, into the four corner locations around the carrier and
using hot solution tanks and alkaline solutions. Then axle housing. Hand-tighten the fasteners. Figure 5.81.
carefully follow the instructions.
52 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
5 Assembly and Installation
Figure 5.81
Straight Holes, Nuts and Hardened Washers
1. Clean the mating surfaces of the axle shaft and the wheel hub.
2. If silicone gasket material is used, apply a 0.125-inch (3 mm)
diameter bead of the gasket material around the mating
surface of the hub and around the edge of each fastener hole.
3. Install the gasket and the axle shaft into the housing. The
gasket and the flange of the axle shaft must fit flat against the
wheel hub. Figure 5.82.
1001105c
4. Install the Grade 8 nuts and hardened washers onto the stud.
Figure 5.81 Lock washers are an acceptable alternative. Tighten the stud
nuts to the torque specified in Table P.
8. Carefully push the carrier into position. Tighten the four
fasteners two or three turns each in a pattern opposite each Table P: Shaft-to-Hub Torque Fastener Chart — Non-Tapered
other. Figure 5.81. Dowel Applications
Torque Value —
9. Repeat Step 8 until the four fasteners are tightened to the
Grade 8 Nuts lb-ft (N폷m)
correct torque value. Refer to Section 8.
Fastener Thread Size Plain Nut Locknut
10. Install the other fasteners and washers that hold the carrier in
the axle housing. Tighten fasteners to the correct torque value. Stud Nut, 0.62-18 150-230 130-190
Refer to Section 8. Axle Shaft (244-312) (203-258)
0.75-16 310-400 270-350
11. Connect the driveline universal joint to the pinion input yoke or
(420-542) (366-475)
flange on the carrier.
Studs All Install the coarse thread end of
12. Install the gaskets and axle shafts into the axle housing and the stud into the hub and
carrier. The gasket and flange of the axle shafts must fit flat tighten to the last thread.
against the wheel hub. Figure 5.82.
Figure 5.82
Tapered Dowel, Hardened Washer and Hardened Nut
TAPERED DOWEL RETENTION 1. Clean the mating surfaces of the axle shaft and the wheel hub.
STUD
STUD WASHER 2. If silicone gasket material is used, apply a 0.125-inch (3 mm)
NUT GASKET
TAPERED diameter bead of the gasket material around the mating
DOWEL
surface of the hub and around the edge of each fastener hole.
3. Install the gasket and the axle shaft into the housing. The
gasket and the flange of the axle shaft must fit flat against the
wheel hub. Figure 5.82.
WASHER 4. Install solid tapered dowels over each stud and into the flange
CAPSCREW AXLE SHAFT of the axle shaft. Use a punch or a drift and hammer, if
SHAFT OR HUB
NON-TAPERED FLANGE AXLE necessary.
DOWEL RETENTION 1002581b
Figure 5.82
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 53
5 Assembly and Installation
5. Install the Grade 8 nuts and hardened washers onto the stud.
Lock washers are an acceptable alternative. Tighten the stud
nuts to the torque specified in Table Q.
Table Q: Shaft-to-Hub Torque Fastener Chart — Tapered Dowel
Applications
Torque Value —
Grade 8 Nuts lb-ft (N폷m)
Fastener Thread Size Plain Nut Locknut
Stud Nut, 0.44-20 50-75 40-65
Axle Shaft (81-102) (67-88)
0.50-20 75-115 65-100
(115-156) (102-136)
0.56-18 110-165 100-145
(176-224) (149-197)
0.62-18 150-230 130-190
(244-312) (203-258)
Studs All Install the coarse thread end of
the stud into the hub and
tighten to the last thread.
54 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Figure 6.1
11
9 10
6 8
7 12
5
4 13
1 2 3
15 14
16
22 20 18 17
19
21
22
1001107a
1 SENSOR SWITCH LOCKNUT 12 WASHER, OPERATING POSITION
2 SENSOR SWITCH 13 PLUG GASKET, OPERATING POSITION
3 SHIFT FORK 14 COVER CAPSCREWS
4 SHIFT SHAFT SPRING 15 WASHERS
5 SHIFT SHAFT 16 PLUG GASKET, STORAGE POSITION
6 SPRING RETAINING PIN 17 COVER PLUG, STORAGE POSITION
7 FLAT WASHER, OR SILASTIC AS REQUIRED 18 COVER COPPER GASKET
8 AIR CYLINDER TUBE 19 PISTON O-RING
9 SCREW-IN DIFFERENTIAL LOCK 20 PISTON
10 CYLINDER COVER 21 SHIFT COLLAR
11 MANUAL ACTUATION CAPSCREW, STORAGE POSITION 22 SHIFT FORK ROLL PINS
Figure 6.1
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 55
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Hazard Alert Messages 2. Install the axle shafts after the vehicle is towed. Refer to
Section 11.
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent 3. If the differential carrier must be removed from the axle
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both. housing, use the following procedures.
WARNING Removal
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. Differential Carrier from the Axle Housing
When you apply some silicone gasket materials, a small Before the differential carrier can be removed or installed, the
amount of acid vapor is present. To prevent serious personal differential lock must be shifted into and held in the locked or
injury, ensure that the work area is well-ventilated. Read the engaged position. The locked position gives enough clearance
manufacturer’s instructions before using a silicone gasket between the shift collar and the axle housing to permit the removal
material, then carefully follow the instructions. If a silicone or installation of the carrier.
gasket material gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s
emergency procedures. Have your eyes checked by a NOTE: If the axle shafts were removed for towing with the
physician as soon as possible. differential in the unlocked or disengaged position, install the
right-hand axle shaft into the housing before removing the
Take care when you use Loctite® adhesive to avoid serious differential carrier. Refer to Section 11.
personal injury. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
using this product. Follow the instructions carefully to prevent To shift into the locked position, refer to the procedure in this
irritation to the eyes and skin. If Loctite® adhesive material section.
gets into your eyes, follow the manufacturer’s emergency
procedures. Have your eyes checked by a physician as soon Axle Setup for DCDL Disassembly
as possible.
WARNING
Description Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
Some Meritor drive axle models have a driver-controlled main prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
differential lock (DCDL). This differential lock is operated by a safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
carrier-mounted, air-actuated shift unit. When activated, the shift jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
unit moves a sliding collar that is installed on the splines of the axle damage to components can result.
shaft. When engaged, the collar locks the axle shafts together with a
second set of splines on the differential case. When the DCDL is 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
engaged, there is no differential action. Figure 6.1. the vehicle from moving.
NOTE: The Meritor carrier models with driver-controlled differential 2. Remove the drain plug from the bottom of the housing and
lock equipment are manufactured in metric dimensions and sizes. drain the lubricant.
When these carriers are serviced, it is important to use the correct
metric size tools on the fasteners. Refer to Section 8. WARNING
During DCDL disassembly, when the DCDL is in the locked or
Vehicle Towing engaged position and the vehicle’s wheels are raised from the
floor, do not start the engine and engage the transmission. The
CAUTION vehicle can move and cause serious personal injury. Damage
If the vehicle must be towed to a service facility with the drive to components can result.
axle wheels on the ground, remove the axle shafts before the
vehicle is towed. Damage to components can result. 3. Use a jack to raise the vehicle so that the wheels to be serviced
are off the ground. Place safety stands under the spring seats
1. Remove the axle shafts before the vehicle is towed. Refer to to hold the vehicle in the raised position.
Section 11.
56 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
4. Disconnect the driveline from the pinion input yoke.
CAUTION
5. Disconnect the vehicle air line from the differential lock There will be a small amount of spring resistance felt when
actuator assembly. you turn in the manual engaging capscrew. If a high resistance
is felt before reaching the locked or engaged position, stop
DCDL Assembly Manual Engaging Methods turning the capscrew, or the cover and capscrew threads will
be damaged.
Bolt-On Style Differential Lock Cylinder
Use the following manual engaging method to lock out the bolt-on 6. Turn the manual adjusting capscrew to the right until the head
is approximately 0.25-0.5-inch (6-13 mm) from the cylinder
DCDL assembly. Figure 6.2.
cover. Do not turn the capscrew beyond its normal stop. If the
Figure 6.2
0.25-10.5-inch (6-13 mm) service position of the capscrew is
achieved, the main differential lock is completely engaged.
BOLT-ON DCDL
TOP STORAGE HOLE, A high resistance on the capscrew indicates that the splines of
FOR MANUAL the shift collar and the differential case half are not aligned or
ENGAGING CAPSCREW
AIR LINE
engaged. To align the splines, use the following procedure.
A. Rotate the drive pinion or right-hand wheel to align the
splines of the shift collar and case half while you turn in
CYLINDER
MANUAL COVER the manual engaging capscrew.
ENGAGING
CAPSCREW B. When a normal amount of spring resistance is felt on the
capscrew, the splines are engaged. Continue to turn in
WIRE the manual engaging capscrew until the head is
approximately 0.25-inch (6 mm) from the cylinder cover.
PLUG AND OPERATING
GASKET POSITION 7. Remove the carrier from the axle housing. Refer to Section 3.
BOTTOM HOLE
STORAGE
HOLE FOR Screw-In Style Differential Lock Cylinder
PLUG AND
GASKET 1002839b Use the following manual engaging method to lock out the screw-in
DCDL assembly.
Figure 6.2
1. Follow Step 2 through Step 5 of Axle Setup for DCDL
1. Follow Step 2 through Step 5 of Axle Setup for DCDL Disassembly in this section.
Disassembly in this section. 2. Remove the manual engaging capscrew from the storage hole
in the carrier casting, next to the cylinder. Figure 6.3.
2. Remove the plug and gasket from the hole in the center of the
cylinder cover. Figure 6.3
THREADED SHIFT ASSEMBLY
NOTE: The storage hole for the plug and gasket is located on the
opposite side of the cylinder cover where the storage hole for the
manual engaging capscrew is located.
STORAGE
HOLE
3. Remove the manual engaging capscrew from the top storage AIR
HOSE CYLINDER
hole in the cylinder cover.
4. Install the plug and gasket into the bottom storage hole in the
cylinder cover.
5. Install the manual engaging capscrew into the threaded hole in
the center of the cylinder cover. MANUAL ENGAGING
CAPSCREW 1002838b
Figure 6.3
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 57
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
3. Remove the air line and fitting. Install the manual engaging A. Bolt-on style differential lock cylinder: Remove the
capscrew into the threaded hole in the center of the cylinder sensor switch and locknut.
cover.
B. Remove the four capscrews and washers that hold the
4. Turn the manual adjusting capscrew to the right until the head cylinder cover to the carrier. Remove the cylinder cover
is approximately 0.25-inch (6 mm) from the cylinder cover. Do and copper gasket. Figure 6.5.
not turn the capscrew beyond its normal stop. The capscrew is
C. Remove the shift unit cylinder and piston. Remove the
now in the service position and the main differential lock is
O-ring from the piston.
completely engaged.
D. Remove the shift shaft from the shift fork. The shaft may
5. Remove the carrier from the axle housing. Refer to Section 3.
be secured with liquid adhesive or pre-applied adhesive
material.
Differential and Gear Assembly
E. Remove the shift shaft spring and flat washer. Some
Differential Lock Sliding Collar models use silastic seal instead of the flat washer.
1. For carriers with roll pins, tap out the two retainer roll pins, if F. Remove the shift fork.
equipped, until they are level with the inner face of the shift
fork. Release the differential lock if it is manually engaged.
A. Screw-in style differential lock cylinder: Remove the
Figure 6.4.
sensor switch.
Figure 6.4
B. Remove the cylinder by turning the hex nut at the top of
SHIFT
COLLAR the cylinder with a wrench. The cylinder may be secured
to the carrier casting with Loctite® adhesive or equivalent
pre-applied liquid adhesive.
C. Remove the shift shaft, spring and shift fork.
SHIFT Figure 6.5
FORK BOLT-ON SHIFT ASSEMBLY
COVER, COPPER
CAPSCREW GASKET UNDER COVER
AND WASHER
1001110b
Figure 6.4
2. For carriers without roll pins, snap out the collar from the fork.
3. If required, remove the DCDL assembly at this time.
NOTE: On some bolt-on assemblies, a roll pin is installed in the
shift shaft and is used as a stop for the shift shaft spring. It is not 1001111a
necessary to remove this roll pin during a normal disassembly.
Figure 6.5
4. Remove the capscrews, cotter pins, roll pins or lock plates, if
equipped, that hold the two bearing adjusting rings in position.
Use a small drift and hammer to remove the pins. Each lock
plate is held in position by two capscrews.
58 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
5. Mark one bearing cap and one carrier leg so that these parts Figure 6.7
will be assembled in the correct positions. Remove the bearing BOLT-ON DCDL
cap capscrews and washers, the bearing caps and the
adjusting rings. 2 3
1
6. Lift the differential and gear assembly from the carrier. Tilt the 5 4
assembly as required to permit the ring gear to clear the
support for the pinion spigot bearing. Figure 6.6. 6
13
Further disassembly of these carriers is the same as axles 7
without the driver-controlled main differential lock. To continue
8
disassembly, follow the procedures in Section 3.
9
Figure 6.6
10
11
12
1002860b
1 FLAT WASHER OR SILASTIC AS 7 DISENGAGED
REQUIRED 8 ENGAGED
2 CYLINDER 9 COPPER GASKET
3 ELECTRIC CONNECTION FOR SENSOR 10 PIN
4 AIR LINE 11 SHIFT FORK
5 O-RING 12 COLLAR
6 PISTON 13 SHIFT SHAFT AND SPRING
Figure 6.7
1001112a Figure 6.8
SHIFT
Figure 6.6 FORK
ROLL PIN
Installation
DCDL Assembly into the Carrier
INNER
Bolt-On Style Differential Lock Assembly YOKE FACES
Install the differential shift assembly after the differential carrier is
assembled and the gear and bearing adjustments are completed.
1002861b
Figure 6.7.
Figure 6.8
1. On carrier models with shift fork roll pins, install the two roll
pins into the ends of the shift fork. Tap the pins into position Figure 6.9
until they are level with the inner yoke face. Figure 6.8. Do not
install the pins completely at this time.
2. On models without roll pins, snap the fork into position.
3. Apply Loctite® 222 threadlocker, Meritor part number
2297-B-6112, to the threads of the shift shaft.
4. Install the shift fork into its correct position in the carrier case.
Figure 6.9.
1002862b
Figure 6.9
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 59
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
5. Hold the shift fork in position. Install the shift shaft spring into 9. Install the cylinder into the housing bore. Verify that the pilot
the shift shaft opening in the carrier, through the shift fork bore journal on the piston is against its bore on the shift shaft.
and into the bore for the shift shaft spring. Figure 6.10. Figure 6.12.
Figure 6.10 Figure 6.12
Apply Loctite® 222 CYLINDER
threadlocker. AND
BOLT-ON STYLE
PISTON
SPRING
PILOT
JOURNAL
SHIFT SHAFT
SHIFT
SHAFT
1002865b
1002863a
Figure 6.12
Figure 6.10
10. Install the copper gasket into its bore on the inside of the
6. Slide the shift shaft over the spring. Install the shaft into the cylinder cover. Place the cover in position over the cylinder so
shift fork. Tighten to 20-25 lb-ft (27-34 N폷m). @ that the air intake port will point UP when the carrier is installed
7. Install the flat washer, when used, or apply silastic sealant, into the housing. Install the cover with the four attaching
Meritor part number 1199-Q-2981, to the bottom of the capscrews and washers. Tighten the capscrews to
cylinder bore. Figure 6.11. 7.4-8.9 lb-ft (10-12 N폷m). Figure 6.7 and Figure 6.13. @
Figure 6.13
Figure 6.11
AIR CYLINDER COVER
BOLT-ON STYLE
CYLINDER
BOLT-ON STYLE
CAPSCREW
7.4-8.9 LB-FT
PISTON AND (10-12 N•m)
O-RING
SHIFT
SHAFT
Install flat washer 1001118a
or apply silastic sealant. 1002864b
Figure 6.13
Figure 6.11
11. Slide the shift collar into the fork. Engage the shift collar
8. Install the O-ring into its groove on the piston. Lubricate the
splines with the splines of the differential case. Use the manual
O-ring with axle lubricant. Install the piston into the air cylinder.
actuation capscrew to move the shift collar splines into the
Figure 6.11.
differential case splines. Refer to the procedure in this section.
60 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
12. Hold the shift collar in the locked or engaged position. If 1. Install the shift spring and fork into the correct position in the
employed, tap the two roll pins into the shift fork ends until they carrier case. Compress the spring slightly while installing
are level with the outer yoke faces. Figure 6.14. the fork.
Figure 6.14 2. Install the shift shaft into the shaft bore of the carrier. Slide the
BOLT-ON STYLE shaft through the shift fork bore and shift spring inside
MANUAL diameter.
SHIFT ACTUATION
COLLAR CAPSCREW
3. Inspect the piston O-ring. Replace the O-ring if there is any
SHIFT evidence of cuts, cracks, abrasion or wear.
FORK
4. Lightly lubricate the O-ring and DCDL cylinder bore with the
same lubricant used in the axle housing.
5. Install the piston and O-ring assembly into the DCDL cylinder.
Slide the piston to the port end of the cylinder.
6. Apply a continuous 0.06-inch (1.5 mm) bead of Loctite® flange
1002867b
sealant, Meritor part number 2297-D-7076, around the DCDL
Figure 6.14
cylinder threads.
13. While the shift collar is still in the locked position, place the 7. Screw the DCDL cylinder in place. Tighten the cylinder to
sensor switch, with the jam nut loosely attached into its hole. 80-100 lb-ft (109-136 N폷m). Figure 6.16. @
14. Connect a volt-ohm meter to the sensor switch. Select ohms Figure 6.16
on the meter. Rotate the switch CLOCKWISE until the meter MANUAL
SCREW-IN STYLE
reading changes from infinity to less than one ohm. Turn the ACTUATION
switch one additional revolution. Tighten the jam nut to CAPSCREW
26-33 lb-ft (34-45 N폷m). @ SCREW-IN
CYLINDER
80-100 LB-FT
Screw-In Style Differential Lock Assembly with (109-136 N•m)
O-Ring
Install the differential shift assembly after the differential carrier is
assembled and the gear and bearing adjustments are completed.
Figure 6.15.
1001121a
Figure 6.15
SHIFT SHAFT Figure 6.16
AND SPRING ELECTRIC
CONNECTION
FOR SENSOR 8. Snap the shift collar into the fork. Engage the shift collar
splines with the splines of the differential case. Use the manual
actuation capscrew to move the shift collar splines into the
differential case splines. Refer to the procedure in this section.
CYLINDER
9. Install the sensor switch into its hole. Tighten the switch to
25-35 lb-ft (35-45 N폷m). @
SHIFT
FORK
4005499b
Figure 6.15
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 61
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
10. Connect a volt-ohm meter to the sensor switch. Select ohms 3. Inspect the bonded lip seal piston. Replace the piston if there is
on the meter. With the DCDL engaged, the circuit should be any evidence of cuts, cracks, abrasion or wear.
closed, showing less than one ohm resistance.
4. Lightly lubricate the bonded lip seal piston and DCDL cylinder
앫 If the resistance value is over one ohm: Check the bore with the same lubricant used in the axle housing.
sensor.
5. Install the bonded lip seal piston assembly into the DCDL
A. Verify that the fork is aligned with the sensor switch when cylinder. Slide the piston to the port end of the cylinder.
it is in the engaged position.
6. Apply a continuous 0.06-inch (1.5 mm) bead of Loctite® flange
B. Check for a loose wiring connection. The connector must sealant, Meritor part number 2297-D-7076, around the DCDL
be tightly seated. cylinder threads.
C. Verify that the sensor switch is fully seated against the 7. Screw the DCDL cylinder in place. Tighten the cylinder to
carrier. 80-100 lb-ft (109-136 N폷m). Figure 6.18. @
앫 If the resistance is greater than one ohm after Figure 6.18
these checks: Replace the sensor switch. MANUAL
SCREW-IN STYLE
ACTUATION
Screw-In Style Differential Lock Assembly with CAPSCREW
Bonded Lip Seal Piston SCREW-IN
CYLINDER
Install the differential shift assembly after the differential carrier is 80-100 LB-FT
assembled and the gear and bearing adjustments are completed. (109-136 N•m)
Figure 6.17.
Figure 6.17
SHIFT SHAFT
AND SPRING 1001121a
ELECTRIC Figure 6.18
CONNECTION
FOR SENSOR
8. Snap the shift collar into the fork. Engage the shift collar
splines with the splines of the differential case. Use the manual
actuation capscrew to move the shift collar splines into the
CYLINDER differential case splines. Refer to the procedure in this section.
9. Install the sensor switch into its hole. Tighten the switch to
25-35 lb-ft (35-45 N폷m). @
SHIFT
FORK 10. Connect a volt-ohm meter to the sensor switch. Select ohms
on the meter. With the DCDL engaged, the circuit should be
closed, showing less than one ohm resistance.
앫 If the resistance value is over one ohm: Check the
4005500b sensor.
Figure 6.17 A. Verify that the fork is aligned with the sensor switch when
it is in the engaged position.
1. Install the shift spring and fork into the correct position in the B. Check for a loose wiring connection. The connector must
carrier case. Compress the spring slightly while installing the be tightly seated.
fork. C. Verify that the sensor switch is fully seated against the
2. Install the shift shaft into the shaft bore of the carrier. Slide the carrier.
shaft through the shift fork bore and shift spring inside 앫 If the resistance is greater than one ohm after
diameter. these checks: Replace the sensor switch.
62 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
Differential Lock Assembly Cover Plates Screw-In Cover Plate Assemblies
For carriers without the differential lock or air shift, assemble the 1. Apply Loctite® 518 liquid adhesive to the plate threads.
sensor switch plug and cover plate as follows. 2. Install the bolts and washers. Tighten the plate into the carrier
opening to 7.5-9.0 lb-ft (10-12 N폷m). @
Bolt-On Cover Plate Assemblies
1. Install the washer and plug into the hole for the sensor switch. Carrier into the Axle Housing
Tighten the plug to 45-55 lb-ft (60-74 N폷m). Figure 6.19. @
WARNING
Figure 6.19
TOP STORAGE HOLE FOR Solvent cleaners can be flammable, poisonous and cause
MANUAL ENGAGING burns. Examples of solvent cleaners are carbon tetrachloride,
CAPSCREW BOLT-ON DCDL
SHIFT ASSEMBLY and emulsion-type and petroleum-base cleaners. Read the
MANUAL manufacturer’s instructions before using a solvent cleaner,
ENGAGING AIR then carefully follow the instructions. Also follow the
CAPSCREW LINE
procedures below.
PLUG
AND CYLINDER 앫 Wear safe eye protection.
GASKET COVER
앫 Wear clothing that protects your skin.
WIRE 앫 Work in a well-ventilated area.
앫 Do not use gasoline, or solvents that contain gasoline.
BOTTOM STORAGE SERVICE Gasoline can explode.
HOLE FOR PLUG POSITION
AND GASKET CAPSCREW 앫 You must use hot solution tanks or alkaline solutions
HOLE 1002869b
correctly. Read the manufacturer’s instructions before
Figure 6.19 using hot solution tanks and alkaline solutions. Then
carefully follow the instructions.
2. Apply silicone gasket material to the cover plate mounting
surface on the carrier. 1. Use a cleaning solvent and rags to clean the inside of the axle
housing and the mounting surface. Blow dry the cleaned areas
3. Install the four washers and capscrews. Tighten the capscrews with compressed air. Refer to Section 4.
to 7.4-8.9 lb-ft (10-12 N폷m). Figure 6.20. @
2. Inspect the axle housing for damage. If necessary, repair or
Figure 6.20 replace the housing. Refer to Section 4.
SCREW-IN COVER PLATE
(APPLY LOCTITE® 518 3. Check for loose studs in the mounting surface of the housing
LIQUID ADHESIVE TO where the carrier fastens. Remove and replace any studs
COVER PLATE THREADS)
where required.
WASHER WASHER 4. Install the differential carrier into the housing, using the Manual
Engaging Method.
SENSOR CAPSCREW Manual Engaging Method
SWITCH 1. Align the splines of the shift collar and the differential case half
PLUG BOLT-ON COVER
PLATE (APPLY by hand or by installing the right-hand axle shaft through the
SILICONE GASKET shift collar and into the side gear.
MATERIAL)
1002868b 2. Install the manual engaging capscrew into the threaded hole in
the center of the cylinder cover.
Figure 6.20
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 63
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
CAUTION Figure 6.21
There will be a small amount of spring resistance when you SCREW-IN DCDL SHIFT ASSEMBLY
turn in the manual engaging capscrew. If a high resistance is
STORAGE
felt before reaching the locked or engaged position, stop HOLE
turning the capscrew. Damage to components can result.
CYLINDER
3. Turn the manual adjusting capscrew to the right until the
distance from the head of the capscrew is approximately
0.25-0.50-inch (6-13 mm) from the cylinder cover. Do not turn
the capscrew beyond its normal stop. When the capscrew head
is in the service position 0.25-0.50-inch (6-13 mm) from the top MANUAL
AIR ENGAGING
of the DCDL, the main differential lock is manually engaged. HOSE CAPSCREW 1002870a
A high resistance on the capscrew indicates that the splines of
Figure 6.21
the shift collar and the differential case half are not aligned or
engaged.
10. Tighten the plug, if equipped, to 44-55 lb-ft (60-75 N폷m).
Lift the shift collar as required and rotate to align the splines of Tighten the manual engaging capscrew to 22-28 lb-ft
collar and case half while turning the manual engaging (30-38 N폷m) for bolt-on style cylinders and to 7-11 lb-ft
capscrew inward. When the normal amount of spring (10-15 N폷m) for screw-in type reverse shifters. @
resistance is again felt on the capscrew, the splines are
engaged. Continue to turn in the manual engaging capscrew 11. Connect the vehicle air line to the differential lock actuator
until the 0.25-0.50-inch (6-13 mm) service position is assembly.
achieved.
12. Install the electrical connection on the sensor switch located in
4. Clean both the DCDL actuator and the housing mounting the carrier, below the actuator assembly.
surfaces.
13. Install the right- and left-hand axle shafts. Refer to Section 11.
5. Apply silicone gasket material to the cleaned housing surface
for the DCDL actuator. 14. Remove the safety stands from under the drive axle. Lower the
vehicle to the floor.
6. Remove the short plug and gasket from the storage hole of the
DCDL. 15. Proceed to Check the Differential Lock.
7. Remove the long manual engaging capscrew from the service
position in the center of the DCDL to disengage the main Check the Differential Lock
differential lock. 1. Shift the vehicle transmission into neutral. Start the engine to
8. Clean the plug, gasket, cylinder cover and threaded service get the system air pressure to the normal level.
position hole in the center of the DCDL cylinder cover.
9. Install the manual engaging capscrew into the DCDL storage WARNING
hole in the bolt-on or the screw-in DCDL assembly. Figure 6.19 During DCDL disassembly, when the DCDL is in the locked or
and Figure 6.21. The sealing gasket must be under the head of engaged position and one of the vehicle’s wheels is raised
the capscrew. from the floor, do not start the engine and engage the
transmission. The vehicle can move and cause serious
A. On a bolt-on DCDL shift assembly, remove the short plug personal injury and damage to components.
and gasket from the storage hole of the DCDL.
Install the short plug and gasket into the service position 2. Place the differential lock switch in the cab of the vehicle in the
hole in the center of the DCDL. Figure 6.19. unlocked or disengaged position.
B. On a screw-in DCDL shift assembly, install the short 3. Drive the vehicle at 5-10 mph (8-16 km/h) and check the
screw or plug into the storage hole located in the top of differential lock indicator light. The light must be off when the
the screw-in DCDL shift assembly. Figure 6.21. switch is in the unlocked or disengaged position.
64 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
6 Driver-Controlled Main Differential Lock
4. Continue to drive the vehicle and place the differential lock
switch in the locked or engaged position. Let up on the
accelerator to remove the driveline torque and permit the shift.
The light must be on when the switch is in the locked position.
앫 If the indicator light remains ON with the switch in the
unlocked position: The differential is still in the locked
position. Verify that the manual engaging capscrew was
removed from the cylinder cover of the DCDL shift
assembly. Refer to the procedure in this section.
DCDL Driver Caution Label
Verify that the driver caution label is installed in the vehicle cab.
Figure 6.22. The caution label must be placed in a location that is
easily visible to the driver. The recommended location is on the
instrument panel, next to the differential lock switch and lock
indicator light.
Figure 6.22
CAUTION
This vehicle is equipped with Meritor's Driver-Controlled Full
Locking Differential (DCDL).
• ENGAGE DCDL ONLY UNDER POOR ROAD CONDITIONS.
• DO NOT ENGAGE DURING DOWNHILL OPERATION.
• DO NOT ENGAGE AT SPEEDS ABOVE 25 MPH.
When DCDL is engaged, the vehicle can experience understeer,
which requires careful driving procedures. When you disengage
DCDL, normal steering resumes.
Refer to the vehicle operator’s manual or call 800-535-5560 to order Meritor publications
TP-9579A, TP-9646, TP9647 and TP-9648 for further information on vehicle towing and DCDL.
TP-9579ALBL
1003395b
Figure 6.22
Technical Publications
To obtain these items, refer to the Service Notes page on the front
inside cover of this manual.
앫 DCDL driver caution label, TP-86101
앫 DCDL Driver Instruction Kit (includes DCDL label and technical
bulletin), TP-9579
앫 Traction-Control Video package, T-95125V
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 65
7 Lubrication
Capacities
7 Lubrication
Meritor recommends using a lubricant analysis program. Perform lubricant analysis at regularly-scheduled preventive maintenance intervals.
For complete information on lubricating drive axles and carriers, refer to Maintenance Manual 1, Preventive Maintenance and Lubrication.
To obtain this publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
Refer to Table R, Table S, Table T and Table U for standard information on lubricants, schedules and capacities.
Table R: Lubricant Cross Reference (Viscosity) and Temperature Chart
Meritor Lubricant Minimum Outside Maximum Outside
Specification Description Cross Reference Temperature Temperature
O-76-A Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 85W/140 10° F (–12.2° C) *
O-76-B Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 80W/140 –15° F (–26.1° C) *
O-76-D Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 80W/90 –15° F (–26.1° C) *
O-76-E Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 75W/90 –40° F (–40° C) *
O-76-J Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 75W –40° F (–40° C) 35° F (1.6° C)
O-76-L Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5, S.A.E. 75W/140 –40° F (–40° C) *
* There is no upper limit on these outside temperatures, but the axle sump temperature must never exceed 250° F (121° C).
Table S: Oil Change Intervals and Specifications for All Front Drive and Rear Drive Axles
Construction
Transit Bus
Refuse
Yard Tractor
Logging
City Delivery Heavy Haul
School Bus Mining
Linehaul Fire Truck Oil Field
Vocation or Vehicle Operation Intercity Coach Motorhome Rescue
Initial Oil Change No longer required as of January 1, 1993
Check Oil Level and Breather Every 25,000 miles Every 10,000 miles Every 5,000 miles
(40 000 km) or the fleet (16 000 km), once a month or (8000 km), once a month or
maintenance interval, the fleet maintenance interval, the fleet maintenance interval,
whichever comes first whichever comes first whichever comes first1
Petroleum-based oil change on Every 100,000 miles Every 50,000 miles Every 25,000 miles
axle with or without pump and (160 000 km) or annually, (80 000 km) or annually, (40 000 km) or annually,
filter system whichever comes first whichever comes first whichever comes first
Synthetic oil change on axle with Every 500,000 miles Every 100,000 miles Every 50,000 miles
or without pump and filter system2 (800 000 km) (160 000 km) or annually, (80 000 km) or annually,
whichever comes first whichever comes first
Filter change on axle with pump Every 100,000 miles Every 100,000 miles Every 100,000 miles
and filter system (160 000 km) (160 000 km) (160 000 km)
1
For continuous heavy-duty operation, check the oil level every 1,000 miles (1600 km). Add the correct type and amount of oil as required.
2
This interval applies to approved semi-synthetic and full-synthetic oils only. For a list of approved extended-drain axle oils, refer to TP-9539, Approved Rear
Drive Axle Lubricants. To obtain this publication, refer to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
66 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
7 Lubrication
Use the lubricant capacities in Table T and Table U as a guide only. Table T: Single Drive Axles
The capacities are measured with the drive pinion in the horizontal
Capacity*
position. When the angle of the drive pinion changes, the lubricant
Axle Model Pints Liters
capacity of the axle will change.
RS-23-180 39.0 18.6
Table T: Single Drive Axles RS-23-185 39.0 18.6
Capacity* RS-23-186 39.0 18.6
Axle Model Pints Liters RS-25-160 39.0 18.6
MX-10-120 16.0 7.6 RS-25-160A 37.2 17.6
MX-12-120 16.0 7.6 RS-26-160 51.0 24.2
MX-14-120 16.0 7.6 RS-26-180 38.0 18.3
MX-16-120 16.0 7.6 RS-26-185 38.0 18.3
MX-21-160/160R 43.0 20.0 RS-30-180 38.0 18.3
MX-23-160/160R 43.0 20.0 RS-30-185 38.0 18.3
RF-7-120 15.3 7.2
* Includes one pint (0.97 liter) for each wheel end and with a drive pinion
RF-9-120 15.3 7.2
angle at three degrees.
RF-12-120 15.3 7.2
RF-12-125 15.3 7.2 Table U: Rear Axle of Tandems
RF-16-145 36.4 17.2 Capacity
RF-21-155 27.9 13.2 Axle Model Pints Liters
RF-21-156 27.9 13.2 RT-34-140 (RR-17-140) 35.0 16.9
RF-21-160 43.7 20.7 RT-34-144 25.8 12.2
RF-21-185 39.3 18.6 RT-34-145 (RR-17-145 rear) 25.4 12.0
RF-21-355 28.0 13.2 RT-34-145P 25.4 12.0
RF-22-166 43.7 20.7 RT-34-146 25.4 12.0
RF-23-180 39.3 18.6 RT-40-140 (RR-20-140) 25.8 12.2
RF-23-185 39.3 18.6 RT-40-145/149 (RR-20-145 rear) 25.8 12.2
RS-13-120 15.0 7.2 RT-40-145P 25.8 12.2
RS-15-120 15.0 7.2 RT-40-146 25.8 12.2
RS-16-140 33.6 15.9 RT-40-160 34.4 16.3
RS-16-141 33.6 15.9 RT-40-169 34.4 16.3
RS-16-145 33.6 15.9 RT-44-145 (RR-22-145 rear) 25.1 11.9
RS-17-140 32.0 15.4 RT-44-145P 25.1 11.9
RS-17-141 33.6 15.9 RT-46-160/169 (RR-23-160 rear) 34.4 16.3
RS-17-144 32.3 15.3 RT-46-160A/160P 34.4 16.3
RS-17-145 33.6 15.9 RT-46-164 33.2 15.7
RS-19-144 32.3 15.3 RT-46-164EH/16HEH 33.2 15.7
RS-19-145 36.0 17.3 RT-48-180 (RR-24-180 rear) 36.8 17.5
RS-21-145 35.0 16.9 RT-50-160/160P 33.2 15.7
RS-21-160 39.5 18.7 RT-52-160 (RR-26-160 rear) 41.2 19.5
RS-23-160 43/41 20.7/19.5 RT-52-180/185 (RR-26-180 rear) 36.1 17.1
RS-23-160A 39.5 18.7 RT-58-180/185 (RR-29-180 rear) 36.1 17.1
RS-23-161/161A 37.2 17.6
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 67
8 Specifications
Fasteners Metric Fasteners
8 Specifications
The torque values in Table V are for fasteners that have a light 1. Measure the diameter of the threads in millimeters (mm),
application of oil on the threads. dimension X. Figure 8.2.
앫 If the fasteners are dry: Increase the torque values by Figure 8.2
10 percent.
PITCH
앫 If the fasteners have a heavy application of oil on the
threads: Decrease the torque values by 10 percent.
If you do not know the size of the fastener that is being installed,
measure the fastener. Use the following procedure.
Compare the size of the fastener measured to the list of fasteners X
in Table V to find the correct torque value.
Y
X DIMENSION = EXAMPLE M8 OR 8 MM
American Standard Fasteners Y DIMENSION = DISTANCE OF 10 THREADS
1003114b
1. Measure the diameter of the threads in inches, dimension X.
Figure 8.1. Figure 8.2
Figure 8.1
2. Measure the distance of 10 threads, point to point in
AMOUNT millimeters (mm), dimension Y. Make a note of dimension Y.
OF THREADS
IN 1" Figure 8.2.
1"
3. Divide dimension Y by 10. The result will be the distance
between two threads or pitch.
X
Example
Metric size fastener is M8 x 1.25.
X DIMENSION = EXAMPLE 1/2" 1003113a
앫 M8 is the diameter of the fastener in millimeters (mm) or
Figure 8.1 dimension X.
앫 1.25 is the distance between two threads or pitch.
2. Count the amount of threads in one-inch. Figure 8.1.
Example
American Standard size fastener is 0.50-13.
앫 0.50 is the diameter of the fastener in inches or dimension X.
앫 13 is the amount of threads in one-inch.
68 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
8 Specifications
Torque Specifications
Figure 8.3
5
4
26
1
14 19
6 25
27 20 22
12 23
24
21
7
16
21
17
15
10
11
18
13
10
9 4000262b
Table V: Torque Chart
Torque
Fastener Thread Size lb-ft N폷m
1 Axle Shaft Capscrew 0.31-24 18-24 24-33
0.50-13 85-115 115-156
2 Axle Shaft Stud Nut Plain Nut
0.44-20 50-75 68-102
0.50-20 75-115 102-156
0.56-18 110-165 149-224
0.62-18 150-230 203-312
Locknut
0.44-20 40-65 54-88
0.50-20 65-100 88-136
0.56-18 100-145 136-197
0.62-18 130-190 176-258
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 69
8 Specifications
Table V: Torque Chart
Torque
Fastener Thread Size lb-ft N폷m
3 Breather 0.38-18 20 minimum 27 minimum
4 Housing Oil Fill Plug 0.75-14 35 minimum 47.5 minimum
5 Heat Indicator Plug 0.50-14 25 minimum 34 minimum
6 Oil Drain Plug 0.50-14 25 minimum 34 minimum
7 Differential Case Capscrew 0.38-16 35-50 48-68
0.44-14 60-75 81-102
0.50-13 85-115 115-156
0.56-12 130-165 176-224
0.62-11 180-230 244-312
M12 x 1.75, Grade 10.9 Flange Head 85-103 115-140
M12 x 1.75, Grade 10.9 Standard Hex Head 74-96 100-130
M12 x 1.75, Grade 12.9 Standard Hex Head 105-125 143-169
M16 x 2, Grade 12.9 Flange Head 203-251 275-340
M16 x 2, Grade 12.9 Standard Head 220-310 300-420
8 Differential Case Bolt Nut 0.50-13 75-100 102-136
0.50-20 85-115 115-156
0.62-11 150-190 203-258
0.62-18 180-230 244-312
0.87-14 600-700 815-950
M12 x 1.75 74-96 100-130
M16 x 2 220-310 300-420
9 Ring Gear Bolt Nut 0.50-13 75-100 102-136
0.50-20 85-115 115-156
0.62-11 150-190 203-258
0.62-18 180-230 244-312
0.87-14 600-700 816-952
M12 x 1.25 66-81 90-110
M12 x 1.75 77-85 104-115
M16 x 1.5, Flange Head 192-214 260-190
M16 x 1.5, Standard Hex Head 196-262 265-355
10 Bearing Cap Capscrew 0.56-12 110-145 149-197
0.62-11 150-190 203-258
0.75-10 270-350 366-475
0.88-14 360-470 488-637
0.88-9 425-550 576-746
M16 x 2 181-221 245-300
M20 x 2.5 347-431 470-585
M22 x 2.5 479-597 650-810
11 Housing-to-Carrier Stud Nut 0.44-20 50-75 68-102
0.50-20 75-115 102-156
0.56-18 110-165 149-224
0.62-18 150-230 203-312
70 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
8 Specifications
Table V: Torque Chart
Torque
Fastener Thread Size lb-ft N폷m
12 Carrier-to-Housing Capscrew 0.44-14 50-75 68-102
0.50-13 75-115 102-156
0.56-12 110-165 149-224
0.62-11 150-230 203-312
0.75-10 270-400 366-542
M12 x 1.75 74-89 100-120
M16 x 2 181-221 245-300
13 Thrust Screw Jam Nut 0.75-16 150-190 203-258
0.88-14 150-300 203-407
1.12-16 150-190 203-258
M22 x 1.5 148-210 200-285
M30 x 1.5 236-295 320-400
14 Input Yoke-to-Input Shaft Nut Refer to Table W.
15 Bearing Cage Capscrew 0.38-16 30-50 41-68
0.44-14 50-75 68-102
0.50-13 75-115 102-156
0.56-12 110-165 149-224
0.62-11 150-230 203-312
M12 x 1.75 70-110 90-150
16 Carrier Oil Fill Plug 0.75-14 25 minimum 34 minimum
1.5-11.5 120 minimum 163 minimum
M24 x 1.5 35 minimum 47 minimum
17 Lock Plate Capscrew 0.31-18 20-30 27-41
M8 x 1.25 21-26 28-35
18 Adjusting Rings Capscrews — 21-28 28-38
Torque Values for Carriers with Bolt-On Style Differential Lock Cylinders
19 Manual Actuation Storage M10 x 1.5 15-25 20-35
Position Capscrew
20 Air Cylinder Adapter M12 x 1.5 22-30 30-40
21 Air Cylinder Cover Capscrew M6 x 1 7-12 10-16
22 Air Cylinder Cover Capscrew/ M10 x 1.5
Plug, Operating and Storage 15-25 20-35
Position
15-25 20-35
23 Sensor Switch Locknut M16 x 1 25-35 35-45
Torque Values for Carriers with Screw-In Style Differential Lock Cylinders
24 Manual Actuation Storage M10 x 1.25 7-11 10-15
Position Capscrew
25 Air Cylinder M60 x 2.0 80-100 109-136
26 Sensor Switch M16 x 1.0 25-35 35-45
27 Screw-In DCDL Cylinder Plug or M60 x 2.0 80-100 109-136
Cap
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 71
8 Specifications
Input and Output Yoke Pinion Nut Fastener Torque Specifications
Table W: Single and Rear of Tandem Axles
Axle Model RF-166, RS-160,
Pinion Nut RS-120, RS-125, RS-161, RS-185, RS-210, RS-220,
Location RS-140 RS-144/145 RS-186 RS-230 RS-240 RS-380
Carrier Input Yoke 740-920 lb-ft 920-1130 lb-ft 1000-1230 lb-ft 740-920 lb-ft 740-920 lb-ft 800-1100 lb-ft
(1000-1245 N폷m) (1250-1535 N폷m) (1350-1670 N폷m) (1000-1245 N폷m) (1000-1245 N폷m) (1085-1496 N폷m)
Fastener Size M32 x 1.5 M39 x 1.5 M45 x 1.5 M32 x 1.5 M39 x 1.5 1-1/2 - 12 UNF
72 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
9 Adjustment
Table X: Drive Pinion Bearings — Preload
9 Adjustment
Specification New bearings
5-45 lb-in (0.56-5.08 N폷m)
Used bearings in good condition
5-25 lb-in (1.7-2.8 N폷m)
Adjustment Preload is controlled by the thickness of the spacer between the bearings.
To increase the preload, install a thinner spacer.
To decrease the preload, install a thicker spacer.
Table Y: Drive Pinion — Depth in Carrier
Specification Install the correct amount of shims between the inner bearing cup of the drive pinion and the
carrier. To calculate, use the old shim pack thickness and the new and old pinion cone numbers.
Adjustment Change the thickness of the shim pack to get a good gear tooth contact pattern.
Table Z: Hypoid Gear Set — Tooth Contact Patterns (Hand Rolled)
Specification Conventional gear set
Toward the toe of the gear tooth and in the center between the top and bottom of the tooth.
Generoid gear set
Between the center and toe of the tooth and in the center between the top and bottom of the
tooth.
Adjustment Tooth contact patterns are controlled by the thickness of the shim pack between the pinion
bearing cage and carrier and by ring gear backlash.
To move the contact pattern lower, decrease the thickness of the shim pack under the pinion
bearing cage.
To move the contact pattern higher, increase the thickness of the shim pack under the pinion
bearing cage.
To move the contact pattern toward the toe of the tooth, decrease the backlash of the ring gear.
To move the contact pattern toward the heel of the tooth, increase the backlash of the ring gear.
Table AA: Main Differential Bearings — Preload
Specification 15-35 lb-in (1.7-3.9 N폷m)
or
Expansion between bearing caps
RS-140, RS-145 and RS-160 carrier models — 0.002-0.009-inch (0.05-0.229 mm)
All other carrier models — 0.006-0.013-inch (0.15-0.33 mm)
Adjustment Preload is controlled by tightening both adjusting rings after zero end play is reached.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 73
9 Adjustment
Table AB: Main Differential Gears — Rotating Resistance
Specification 50 lb-ft (68 N폷m) maximum torque applied to one side gear
Table AC: Ring Gear — Backlash
Specification Ring gears that have a pitch diameter of less than 17-inches (431.8 mm)
Range: 0.008-0.018-inch (0.20-0.46 mm)
0.012-inch (0.30 mm) for a new gear set
Ring gears that have a pitch diameter of 17-inches (431.8 mm) or greater
Range: 0.010-0.020-inch (0.25-0.51 mm)
0.015-inch (0.38 mm) for a new gear set
Adjustment Backlash is controlled by the position of the ring gear. Change the backlash within specifications
to get a good tooth contact pattern.
To increase the backlash, move the ring gear away from the drive pinion.
To decrease the backlash, move the ring gear toward the drive pinion.
Table AD: Ring Gear — Runout
Specification 0.008-inch (0.20 mm) maximum
Table AE: DCDL Sensor Switch — Installation
Adjustment Shift the differential to the locked position.
Tighten the sensor switch into the carrier until the test light illuminates.
Tighten the sensor switch one additional turn.
Tighten the jam nut to the specified torque.
Table AF: Spigot Bearing — Peening on the Drive Pinion
Specification Apply 6,614 lb (3000 kg) load on a 0.375-inch (10 mm) ball. Peen the end of the drive pinion at a
minimum of five points. Softening of the pinion stem end by heating may be required.
74 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
10 Special Tools
Specifications
10 Special Tools
Carrier Repair Stand
Figure 10.1
1 2
12
11
3
10
4
9 5
SPX Kent-Moore
8
part number J-3409-D
1002990f
1 PLATES 8′ LONG x 3/4″ THICK x 1-1/4″ WIDE WITH A TONGUE TO FIT SLOT IN BAR WELD PLATES TO BAR
2 HANDLE 7″ LONG WITH SLOT IN ONE END TO FIT CLAMP SCREW
3 BAR 2″ DIAMETER x 9″ LONG WITH ONE END SLOTTED TO FIT PLATE
4 WELD ALL AROUND AFTER PRESSING PLUG IN PIPE
5 WELD
6 SHAPE AND SIZE OF HOLES TO FIT CARRIER
7 23-1/2″ CENTER TO CENTER OF PIPE
8 CHAMFER END OF PIPE FOR WELDING
9 4″ DIAMETER PIPE
10 PLUG 4″ DIAMETER x 7″ LONG WITH ONE END TURNED 3″ LONG TO FIT PIPE. DRILL 2″ HOLE AND MILL 3/16″ WIDE SLOT 2″ FROM TOP
11 SCREW 3-1/2″ LONG x 5/8″ DIAMETER WITH FLATS ON END TO FIT HANDLE AND 2-1/2″ LENGTH OF THREAD ON OTHER END
12 DRILL 3/8″ HOLE THROUGH HANDLE AND SCREW
Figure 10.1
To obtain a repair stand, refer to the Service Notes page on the front
inside cover of this manual.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 75
10 Special Tools
How to Make a Yoke Bar 4. Cut a four-foot x 1.25-inch piece of mild steel round stock to
make the yoke bar handle. Center weld this piece to the box
1. Measure dimensions A and B of the yoke you are servicing.
section. Figure 10.3.
Figure 10.2.
앫 To increase yoke bar rigidity: Weld two angle pieces onto
Figure 10.2 the handle. Figure 10.3.
A
Unitized Pinion Seals and Seal Drivers
Refer to Table AG and Figure 10.4 for information on unitized pinion
B
seals and seal drivers. To obtain Meritor seal driver KIT 4454, refer
to the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual.
Figure 10.4
YOKE 1003459b
Position the seal
driver to prevent the
Figure 10.2
driver spokes from
hitting the fastener
2. Calculate dimensions C and D of the yoke bar by adding SEAL heads on the
DRIVER forward tandem
0.125-0.250-inch to dimensions A and B of the yoke.
output seals.
Figure 10.3.
SEAL DRIVER
Figure 10.3
R4422401
FASTENER
YOKE BAR HEADS 1003388c
Figure 10.4
C
1003460b
Figure 10.3
WARNING
Wear safe clothing and eye protection when you use welding
equipment. Welding equipment can burn you and cause
serious personal injury. Follow the operating instructions and
safety procedures recommended by the welding equipment
manufacturer.
3. To make the box section, cut and weld one-inch x two-inch
mild steel square stock according to dimensions C and D.
Figure 10.3.
76 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
10 Special Tools
Table AG: Unitized Pinion Seals and Seal Drivers
Yoke Seal
Meritor Unitized Meritor Seal Diameter
Single Models Tandem Models Pinion Seal Seal Installation Location Driver Inches
RS-17-145 RT-34-144 /P A-1205-R-2592 Tandem Forward Input — R4422402 3.250
RS-19-145 RT-34-145 /P 145 models from November 1993 3.255
RS-21-145 RT-40-145 /A /P to present
RS-21-160 RT-40-149 /A /P A-1205-P-2590 Tandem Forward Output — R4422401 3.000
RS-23-160 /A RT-44-145 /P Tandem Forward Input 145 models 3.005
RS-23-161 /A RT-40-160 /A /P before November 1993 with seal
RS-25-160 /A RT-40-169 /A /P A-1205-F-2424
RS-23-186 RT-46-160 /A /P A-1205-N-2588 Tandem and Single Rear Input — R4422401 3.000
RS-26-185 RT-46-169 /A /P 145 models 3.005
RS-30-185 RT-46-164EH /P A-1205-Q-2591 Tandem and Single Rear Input — R4422402 3.250
RT-46-16HEH /P 160/164/185 models 3.255
RT-50-160 /P
RT-52-185*
RT-58-185*
* Forward and rear input only.
Multiple Lip Seals (MLS) and Seal Drivers
Refer to Table AH for information on multiple lip seals and seal drivers. To obtain Meritor seal driver KIT 4454, refer to the Service Notes page
on the front inside cover of this manual.
Table AH: Multiple Lip Seals and Seal Drivers*
Seal Service Previous Seal Seal
Single Models Tandem Models Axle Model and Position Part Number Part Number Drivers Sleeve Drivers
MX-21-160 RT-34-144 /P 14X/16X/18X/38X A1-1205X2728 A-1205R2592 2728T1 2728T2
MX-23-160R RT-34-145 /P Forward-Rear Unit Input (FUI)
RF-16-145 MT-40-143 14X/16X Forward-Rear Unit A1-1205Y2729 A-1205P2590 2729T1 2729T2
RF-21-160 RT-40-145 /A /P Output (FUO)
RF-22-166 RT-40-149 /A /P 14X Rear-Rear Unit Input (RUI) A1-1205Z2730 A-1205N2588 2730T1 Not Required —
RF-23-185 RT-44-145 /P Sleeve is unitized
RS-17-145 RT-40-160 /A /P 16X/18X Rear-Rear Unit Input A1-1205A2731 A-1205Q2591 2731T1 Not Required —
RS-19-145 RT-40-169 /A /P (RUI) Sleeve is unitized
RS-21-145 RT-46-160 /A /P
RS-21-160 RT-46-169 /A /P
RS-23-160 /A RT-46-164EH /P
RS-23-161 /A RT-46-16HEH /P
RS-25-160 /A RT-50-160 /P
RS-23-186 RT-52-185*
RS-26-185 RT-58-185*
RS-30-185
* Forward and rear input only.
Forward input and output seals must be serviced with the seal and sleeve. The service part number provides both when required.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 77
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
Hazard Alert Messages Type of Axle
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
Read and observe all Warning and Caution hazard alert messages in
this publication. They provide information that can help prevent Single Axle with DCDL — Screw-In
serious personal injury, damage to components, or both. (Threaded) Shift Assembly, or Tandem Axle
with DCDL — Screw-In (Threaded) Shift
WARNING Assembly and with Inter-Axle Differential (IAD)
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service. Before Towing or Drive-Away
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with the vehicle from moving.
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by 2. Apply the vehicle parking brakes using the switch inside the
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and cab of the vehicle.
damage to components can result.
3. Shift the transmission into neutral and start the vehicle’s
Before you service a spring chamber, carefully follow the engine.
manufacturer’s instructions to compress and lock the spring to
4. Shift the DCDL and the IAD to the unlocked or disengaged
completely release the brake. Verify that no air pressure
positions using the switches inside the cab of the vehicle.
remains in the service chamber before you proceed. Sudden
The indicator lights in the cab will go off.
release of compressed air can cause serious personal injury
and damage to components. 5. Stop the engine.
Engage the parking brake to prevent the vehicle from moving NOTE: Remove only the axle shaft(s), shown in Table AI at this time,
before you begin maintenance or service procedures that from the axle(s) that will remain on the road when the vehicle is
require you to be under the vehicle. Serious personal injury transported.
can result.
6. Remove the stud nuts or capscrews and washers from the
CAUTION flange of the axle shaft. Figure 11.1.
If the vehicle is equipped with a front drive axle, tow the
vehicle from the front, with the front wheels off the ground. Table AI
If this is not possible, you must remove the front drive shaft Single Axles
before towing. Damage to components can result.
Remove the left-hand, road side, axle shaft
Do not use a chisel or wedge to loosen the axle shaft and Tandem Axles
tapered dowels. A chisel or wedge can result in damage to the
Forward Axle
axle shaft, the gasket and seal, and the axle hub.
Remove the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft
NOTE: For complete towing information, refer to Technical Bulletin Rear Axle
TP-9579, Driver Instruction Kit. To obtain this publication, refer to
the Service Notes page on the front inside cover of this manual. Remove the left-hand, roadside, axle shaft
These instructions supersede all other instructions for the purpose 7. Loosen the tapered dowels, if used, in the flange of the axle
of transporting vehicles for service or new vehicle drive-away dated shaft. Refer to Section 3 for the recommended tools and
before April 1995, including those contained in Meritor maintenance removal procedures.
manuals.
8. Install a cover over the open end of each hub where an axle
When transporting a vehicle with the wheels of one or both drive shaft was removed. This will prevent dirt from entering the
axles on the road, it is possible to damage the axles if the wrong bearing cavity and loss of lubricant.
procedure is used before transporting begins. Meritor recommends
that you use the following procedure.
78 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
NOTE: If an air supply will be used for the brake system of the Table AJ
transported vehicle, continue with Step 9 and Step 10, otherwise
Single Axles
continue with Step 11.
Install the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft
9. Connect an auxiliary air supply to the brake system of the Tandem Axles
vehicle that is being transported. Before moving the vehicle,
charge the brake system with the correct amount of air Forward Axle
pressure to operate the brakes. Refer to the instructions Install the left-hand, roadside, axle shaft
supplied by the manufacturer of the vehicle for procedures and Rear Axle
specifications. If an auxiliary air supply is not used, continue
with Step 11. Install the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft
10. When the correct amount of air pressure is in the brake Figure 11.1
system, release the parking brakes of the vehicle that is being SINGLE AXLE OR REAR AXLE OF TANDEM SHOWN
transported. Step 11 is not required. WITH SCREW-IN DCDL SHIFT ASSEMBLY AND
SHOWN IN THE LOCKED OR ENGAGED POSITION
11. If there are spring or parking brakes on the axle(s) that will
remain on the road when the vehicle is transported, and they
cannot be released by air pressure, manually compress and
lock each spring so that the brakes are released. Refer to the
manufacturer’s instructions.
After Towing or Drive-Away 2
1. If an auxiliary air supply was used, apply the vehicle parking
brakes using the switch inside the cab of the vehicle. If an 1
auxiliary air supply was not used, begin with Step 2.
3
2. Apply the vehicle spring or parking brakes by manually
4
releasing each spring that was compressed before transporting
started. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions.
3. Disconnect the auxiliary air supply, if used, from the brake
system of the vehicle that was transported. Connect the 5
vehicle’s air supply to the brake system.
6
4. Remove the covers from the hubs.
7
NOTE: Install only the axle shaft(s) shown in Table AJ at this time.
These axle shafts have a double row of splines that engage with the 8
1002609b
splines of the side gear and shift collar in the main differential.
1 LEFT-HAND, ROADSIDE, AXLE SHAFT
Figure 11.1. 2 SHIFT ASSEMBLY
3 SHIFT COLLAR
5. Install the gasket, if used, and axle shaft into the axle housing 4 RIGHT-HAND, CURBSIDE, AXLE SHAFT
and carrier in the same location. The gasket and flange of the 5 DOUBLE ROW OF SPLINES
6 SHIFT COLLAR AND DIFFERENTIAL CASE SPLINES ENGAGED OR
axle shaft must be flat against the hub. Rotate the axle shaft or LOCKED
the driveline as necessary to align the splines and the holes in 7 SIDE GEAR
the flange with the studs in the hub. Figure 11.1. 8 DIFFERENTIAL CASE
Figure 11.1
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 79
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
6. Install the dowels, if used, over each stud and into the tapered Single Axle with DCDL — Bolt-On Shift
holes of the flange. Assembly, or Tandem Axle with DCDL —
7. Install the washers and capscrews or stud nuts. Determine the Bolt-On Shift Assembly and with Inter-Axle
size of the fasteners and tighten the capscrews or nuts to the Differential (IAD)
corresponding torque value shown in Table AK.
Before Towing or Drive-Away
Table AK
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent
Fastener Thread Size Torque Value lb-ft (N폷m) the vehicle from moving.
Capscrews 0.31"-24 18-24 (24-33) 2. Apply the vehicle parking brakes using the switch inside the
0.50"-13 85-115 (115-156) cab of the vehicle.
Stud Nuts 0.44"-20 50-75 (68-102) 3. Shift the transmission into neutral and start the vehicle’s
Plain Nut 0.50"-20 75-115 (102-156) engine.
0.56"-18 110-165 (149-224) 4. Shift the DCDL and the IAD to the unlocked or disengaged
positions using the switches inside the cab of the vehicle. The
0.62"-18 150-230 (203-312)
indicator lights in the cab will go off.
0.75"-16 310-400 (420-542)
5. Stop the engine.
Locknut 0.44"-20 40-65 (54-88)
0.50"-20 65-100 (88-136) NOTE: Remove only the axle shaft(s), shown in Table AL at this
0.56"-18 100-145 (136-197) time, from the axle(s) that will remain on the road when the vehicle
is transported.
0.62"-18 130-190 (176-258)
0.75"-16 270-350 (366-475) 6. Remove the stud nuts or capscrews and washers from the
flange of the axle shaft. Figure 11.2.
8. Unlock or disengage the DCDL by removing the manual
engaging capscrew from the shift assembly. Table AL
9. Install the manual engaging capscrew into the storage hole. Single Axles
The storage hole of threaded shift assemblies is located in the Remove the left-hand, roadside, axle shaft
shift tower of the carrier next to the cylinder. Tighten the
Tandem Axles
capscrew to 15-25 lb-ft (20-35 N폷m). Figure 11.2. @
Forward Axle
10. Connect the air hose to the shift cylinder. Tighten the air hose
Remove the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft
to 22-30 lb-ft (30-40 N폷m). @
Rear Axle
11. Install the remaining axle shaft into the axle housing and
carrier. Remove the left-hand, roadside, axle shaft
12. Check the lubricant level in the axles and hubs where the axle
shafts were removed. Add the correct type and amount of
lubricant if necessary. Refer to Section 7.
80 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
Figure 11.2 11. Remove the plug and gasket from the center of the shift
TAPERED DOWEL RETENTION cylinder cover. Install the plug and gasket into the bottom side
STUD storage hole of the shift cylinder cover, on the opposite end of
STUD WASHER
NUT GASKET the storage hole for the manual engaging capscrew. Tighten
TAPERED
DOWEL the plug to 15-25 lb-ft (20-35 N폷m). Figure 11.3. @
12. Lock or engage the main differential using one of the two
following methods: Air Pressure Method or Manual Engaging
Method.
13. Lock or engage the main differential using the air pressure
WASHER
CAPSCREW method.
AXLE SHAFT
SHAFT OR HUB
FLANGE AXLE
A. Install the manual engaging capscrew into the threaded
NON-TAPERED
DOWEL RETENTION 1002581b hole in the center of the cylinder cover. Turn the capscrew
to the right three to five turns. Figure 11.4.
Figure 11.2
B. Shift the transmission into neutral and start the vehicle’s
7. Loosen the tapered dowels, if used, in the flange of the axle engine. Let the engine idle to increase the pressure in the
shaft. Figure 11.2. air system. Do not release the parking brake.
8. Identify each axle shaft that is removed from the axle assembly C. Shift the main differential to the locked or engaged
so they can be installed in the same location after transporting position using the switch inside the cab of the vehicle.
or repair is completed. When the differential is locked, the indicator light in the
cab will go on.
9. Remove the tapered dowels, gasket, if used, and the axle shaft
from the axle assembly. Figure 11.2. 앫 If the light does not go on: Rotate the main driveline
or the IAD by hand until the main differential is locked
10. Remove the manual engaging capscrew from the storage hole. and the indicator light goes on.
The storage hole of the bolted-on shift assemblies is located in
the top side of the shift cylinder cover. Figure 11.3. NOTE: When the shift collar is completely engaged with the splines
of the main differential case, the differential is locked and the
Figure 11.3
driveline cannot be rotated. Figure 11.5.
BOLT-ON SHIFT ASSEMBLY
TOP STORAGE HOLE
FOR MANUAL
D. While the differential is held in the locked position by air
ENGAGING AIR LINE pressure, turn the manual engaging capscrew to the right
CAPSCREW until you feel resistance against the piston. Stop turning
MANUAL the capscrew.
ENGAGING
CAPSCREW E. Place the main differential lock switch in the unlocked or
PLUG AND CYLINDER disengaged position.
GASKET COVER
F. Stop the engine. Proceed to Step 15.
WIRE
BOTTOM STORAGE SERVICE POSITION
HOLE FOR PLUG CAPSCREW HOLE
AND GASKET 1002613b
Figure 11.3
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 81
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
Figure 11.4 A. Install the manual engaging capscrew into the threaded
BOLT-ON SHIFT ASSEMBLY hole in the center of the cylinder cover. Figure 11.4.
MANUAL
ENGAGING CAUTION
CAPSCREW When you turn the manual engaging capscrew and you feel a
high resistance, stop turning the capscrew. A high resistance
against the capscrew indicates that the splines of the shift
collar and differential case are not aligned. Damage to the
threads of the cylinder cover and capscrew will result.
1002614b B. Turn the capscrew to the right until the head is
Figure 11.4 approximately 0.25-0.50-inch (6.4-12.7 mm) from the
cylinder cover. The capscrew is now in the service
Figure 11.5
position and the main differential is locked or engaged.
SINGLE AXLE OR REAR AXLE OF TANDEM SHOWN Figure 11.6. When you turn the capscrew, you will feel a
WITH BOLT-ON DCDL SHIFT ASSEMBLY AND small amount of resistance. This is normal.
SHOWN IN THE LOCKED, ENGAGED POSITION
앫 If you feel a high resistance before achieving the
0.25-0.50-inch (6.4-12.7 mm) distance between
the capscrew head and cylinder: Stop turning the
capscrew, and continue with Step C, Step D and
Step E.
2 C. Rotate the main driveline or the IAD a small amount by
1 hand.
3
4 D. Turn the manual engaging capscrew again to the right. If
you still feel a high resistance, stop turning the capscrew.
E. Repeat Step C and Step D until you feel a low resistance
on the capscrew. Continue with Step B.
5
Figure 11.6
8
1002616b
1 LEFT-HAND, ROADSIDE, AXLE SHAFT
2 SHIFT ASSEMBLY
3 SHIFT COLLAR
4 RIGHT-HAND, CURBSIDE, AXLE SHAFT
5 DOUBLE ROW OF SPLINES 0.25-0.50"
6 SHIFT COLLAR AND DIFFERENTIAL CASE SPLINES ENGAGED, LOCKED (6.4-12.7 MM) 1002615b
7 SIDE GEAR
8 DIFFERENTIAL CASE
Figure 11.6
Figure 11.5
14. Lock or engage the main differential using the manual
engaging method.
82 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
15. Remove the remaining axle shaft(s) from the axle(s) that will NOTE: Install only the axle shaft(s) shown in Table AM at this time.
remain on the road when the vehicle is transported. These axle shafts have a double row of splines that engage with the
splines of the side gear and shift collar in the main differential.
16. Install a cover over the open end of each hub where an axle
Figure 11.5.
shaft was removed. This will prevent dirt from entering the
bearing cavity and loss of lubricant.
5. Install the gasket, if used, and axle shaft into the axle housing
and carrier in the same location. The gasket and flange of the
NOTE: If an air supply will be used for the brake system of the
axle shaft must be flat against the hub. Rotate the axle shaft or
transported vehicle, continue with Step 17 and Step 18. Otherwise,
the driveline as necessary to align the splines and the holes in
continue with Step 19.
the flange with the studs in the hub. Figure 11.2.
17. Connect an auxiliary air supply to the brake system of the
Table AM
vehicle that is being transported. Before moving the vehicle,
charge the brake system with the correct amount of air Single Axles
pressure to operate the brakes. Refer to the instructions Install the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft
supplied by the manufacturer of the vehicle for procedures and
Tandem Axles
specifications. If an auxiliary air supply is not used, continue
with Step 19. Forward Axle
Install the left-hand, roadside, axle shaft
18. When the correct amount of air pressure is in the brake
system, release the parking brakes of the vehicle that is being Rear Axle
transported. Step 19 is not required. Install the right-hand, curbside, axle shaft
19. If there are spring or parking brakes on the axle(s) that will
remain on the road when the vehicle is transported, and they 6. Install the dowels, if used, over each stud and into the tapered
cannot be released by air pressure, manually compress and holes of the flange.
lock each spring so that the brakes are released. Refer to the 7. Install the washers and capscrews or stud nuts. Determine the
manufacturer’s instructions. size of the fasteners and tighten the capscrews or nuts to the
torque value shown in Table AN.
After Towing or Drive-Away
1. If an auxiliary air supply was used, apply the vehicle parking Table AN
brakes using the switch inside the cab of the vehicle. If an
Fastener Thread Size Torque Value lb-ft (N폷m)
auxiliary air supply was not used, begin with Step 2.
Capscrews 0.31"-24 18-24 (24-33)
2. Apply the vehicle spring or parking brakes by manually
0.50"-13 85-115 (115-156)
releasing each spring that was compressed before transporting
started. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions. Stud Nuts 0.44"-20 50-75 (68-102)
3. Disconnect the auxiliary air supply, if used, from the brake Plain Nut 0.50"-20 75-115 (102-156)
system of the vehicle that was transported. Connect the 0.56"-18 110-165 (149-224)
vehicle’s air supply to the brake system. 0.62"-18 150-230 (203-312)
4. Remove the covers from the hubs. 0.75"-16 310-400 (420-542)
Locknut 0.44"-20 40-65 (54-88)
0.50"-20 65-100 (88-136)
0.56"-18 100-145 (136-197)
0.62"-18 130-190 (176-258)
0.75"-16 270-350 (366-475)
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 83
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
8. Unlock or disengage the DCDL by removing the manual Figure 11.7
engaging capscrew from the shift assembly. TAPERED DOWEL RETENTION
STUD
9. Install the manual engaging capscrew into the storage hole. STUD WASHER
NUT GASKET
The storage hole of bolted-on shift assemblies is located in the TAPERED
DOWEL
top side of the shift cylinder cover. Tighten the capscrew to
15-25 lb-ft (20-35 N폷m). Figure 11.3. @
10. Remove the plug and gasket from the storage hole. Install the
plug and gasket into the threaded hole in the center of the shift
cylinder cover. Tighten the plug to 15-25 lb-ft (20-35 N폷m). @
WASHER
11. Install the remaining axle shaft into the axle housing and CAPSCREW AXLE SHAFT
SHAFT OR HUB
carrier. FLANGE AXLE
NON-TAPERED
DOWEL RETENTION 1002581b
12. Check the lubricant level in the axles and hubs where the axle
shafts were removed. Add the correct type and amount of Figure 11.7
lubricant if necessary. Refer to Section 7.
8. Identify each axle shaft that is removed from the axle assembly
Single Axle Without DCDL or Tandem Axle so they can be installed in the same location after transporting
Without DCDL and with Inter-Axle Differential or repair is completed.
(IAD) 9. Remove the tapered dowels, gasket, if used, and the axle shaft
Before Towing or Drive-Away from the axle assembly. Figure 11.7.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to prevent 10. Install a cover over the open end of each hub where an axle
the vehicle from moving. shaft was removed. This will prevent dirt from entering the
bearing cavity and loss of lubricant.
2. Apply the vehicle parking brakes using the switch inside the
cab of the vehicle. NOTE: If an air supply will be used for the brake system of the
transported vehicle, continue with Step 11 and Step 12, otherwise
NOTE: For a single axle, continue with Step 6. For a tandem axle, continue with Step 13.
continue with Step 3.
11. Connect an auxiliary air supply to the brake system of the
3. Shift the transmission into neutral and start the vehicle’s vehicle that is being transported. Before moving the vehicle,
engine. charge the brake system with the correct amount of air
4. Shift the IAD to the unlocked or disengaged position using the pressure to operate the brakes. Refer to the instructions
switch inside the cab of the vehicle. The indicator light in the supplied by the manufacturer of the vehicle for procedures and
cab will go off. specifications. If an auxiliary air supply is not used, continue
with Step 13.
5. Stop the engine.
12. When the correct amount of air pressure is in the brake
NOTE: Remove both axle shafts from the axle(s) that will remain on system, release the parking brakes of the vehicle that is being
the road when the vehicle is transported. transported. Step 13 is not required.
13. If there are spring or parking brakes on the axle(s) that will
6. Remove the stud nuts or capscrews and washers from the
remain on the road when the vehicle is transported and they
flange of the axle shaft. Figure 11.7.
cannot be released by air pressure, manually compress and
7. Loosen the tapered dowels, if used, in the flange of the axle lock each spring so that the brakes are released. Refer to the
shaft. Figure 11.7. manufacturer’s instructions.
84 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
11 Vehicle Towing Instructions
After Towing or Drive-Away
1. If an auxiliary air supply was used, apply the vehicle parking
brakes using the switch inside the cab of the vehicle. If an
auxiliary air supply was not used, begin with Step 2.
2. Apply the vehicle spring or parking brakes by manually
releasing each spring that was compressed before transporting
started. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions.
3. Disconnect the auxiliary air supply, if used, from the brake
system of the vehicle that was transported. Connect the
vehicle’s air supply to the brake system.
4. Remove the covers from the hubs.
5. Install the gasket, if used, and axle shaft into the axle housing
and carrier in the same location. The gasket and flange of the
axle shaft must be flat against the hub. Rotate the axle shaft or
the driveline as necessary to align the splines and the holes in
the flange with the studs in the hub. Figure 11.7.
6. Install the dowels, if used, over each stud and into the tapered
holes of the flange.
7. Install the washers and capscrews or stud nuts. Determine the
size of the fasteners and tighten the capscrews or nuts to the
torque value shown in Table AO.
Table AO
Fastener Thread Size Torque Value lb-ft (N폷m)
Capscrews 0.31"-24 18-24 (24-33)
0.50"-13 85-115 (115-156)
Stud Nuts 0.44"-20 50-75 (68-102)
Plain Nut 0.50"-20 75-115 (102-156)
0.56"-18 110-165 (149-224)
0.62"-18 150-230 (203-312)
0.75"-16 310-400 (420-542)
Locknut 0.44"-20 40-65 (54-88)
0.50"-20 65-100 (88-136)
0.56"-18 100-145 (136-197)
0.62"-18 130-190 (176-258)
0.75"-16 270-350 (366-475)
8. Check the lubricant level in the axles and hubs where the axle
shafts were removed. Add the correct type and amount of
lubricant if necessary. Refer to Section 7.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 85
12 Diagnostics
Troubleshooting
12 Diagnostics
Vehicle Will Not Move
Figure 12.1
Visually inspect
the carrier in
the axle housing.
When the carrier is When the carrier is
reassembled later, Yes Backlash No reassembled later, set
Remove the within spec?
set the backlash to the backlash to spec.
carrier from the
the recorded reading. Refer to Section 4.
axle housing.
Yes Repair the carrier
Damaged?
or install a Remove the main
remanufactured differential and
carrier. Refer ring gear from
No to Section 2. the carrier. Refer
to Section 2.
Drain and inspect
the lubricant.
Refer to MM 1. Inspect the main differential bearings
for damage. Refer to TP-9955, Failure
Analysis for Drive Axle Components.
Yes Determine
Contaminated? the source of Repair the carrier
contamination. Yes or install a
Damaged? remanufactured
carrier. Refer
No
to Section 4.
No
Check the drive pinion end play.
Refer to Section 4. Any end play Disassemble the main differential
looseness indicates possible and ring gear. Refer to Section 2.
bearing damage.
Inspect the main differential case and side
gears for damage. Refer to TP-9955,
Remove the carrier
Failure Analysis for Drive Axle Components.
from the axle housing.
Refer to Section 2.
Repair the carrier
Yes or install a
Visually inspect the ring Damaged? remanufactured
gear and pinion for carrier. Refer
damage. Refer to to Section 4.
TP-9955, Failure No
Analysis for Drive
Axle Components. Inspect the drive pinion and inner
drive pinion bearing for
damage. Refer to TP-9955, Failure
Analysis for Drive Axle Components.
Repair the carrier
Yes or install a
Damaged? remanufactured
carrier. Refer Repair the carrier
to Section 4. Yes or install a
Damaged? remanufactured
carrier. Refer
Inspect the differential to Section 4.
case bearings for damage. No
Refer to TP-9955, Failure
Analysis for Drive Axle Reassemble and install
Components. the main differential.
Refer to Section 4.
Repair the carrier
Yes or install a Reset the backlash.
Damaged? remanufactured Refer to Section 4.
carrier. Refer
to Section 4.
No
Install a new
Check the ring gear unitized seal.
backlash and record the
reading. Refer to Section 4.
Use the backlash reading when
you reassemble the carrier. Install the carrier.
Refer to Section 4.
Test drive the vehicle.
Return the vehicle to service.
86 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
12 Diagnostics
Differential Making Noise
Figure 12.2
Visually inspect
the carrier in
the axle housing.
When the carrier is When the carrier is
reassembled later, Yes Backlash No reassembled later, set
Remove the carrier set the backlash to within spec? the backlash to spec.
from the axle housing. the recorded reading. Refer to Section 4.
Repair the carrier
Yes
Damaged? or install a Remove the main
remanufactured differential and
carrier. ring gear from
No Refer to Section 2. the carrier. Refer
to Section 2.
Drain and inspect
the lubricant.
Refer to MM 1. Inspect the main differential bearings
for damage. Refer to TP-9955, Failure
Analysis for Drive Axle Components.
Repair the carrier
Determine Yes or install a
Yes Damaged? remanufactured
Contaminated? the source of
contamination. carrier. Refer
to Section 4.
No
No
Disassemble the
Check the drive pinion main differential
end play. Refer to Section 4. and ring gear.
Any end play looseness Refer to Section 2.
indicates possible
bearing damage.
Inspect the main differential case and side
gears for damage. Refer to TP-9955,
Failure Analysis for Drive Axle Components.
Remove the carrier from the
axle housing. Refer to Section 2.
Repair the carrier
Yes or install a
Damaged? remanufactured
Visually inspect the ring gear carrier. Refer
and pinion for damage. Refer to to Section 4.
TP-9955, Failure Analysis for No
Drive Axle Components.
Inspect the drive pinion and inner drive pinion
bearing for damage. Refer to TP-9955,
Failure Analysis for Drive Axle Components.
Repair the carrier
Yes or install a
Damaged? remanufactured Repair the carrier
carrier. Refer or install a
to Section 4. Yes
Damaged? remanufactured
carrier. Refer
to Section 4.
Inspect the differential No
bearings for damage. Refer to
TP-9955, Failure Analysis for
Reassemble and install the main
Drive Axle Components.
differential. Refer to Section 4.
Repair the carrier
Reset the backlash.
Yes or install a
Refer to Section 4.
Damaged? remanufactured
carrier. Refer
to Section 4.
No
Install a new
unitized seal.
Check the ring gear
backlash and record the
reading. Refer to Section 4.
Use the backlash reading when Install the carrier. Refer to
you reassemble the carrier. Section 4. Test drive the vehicle.
Return the vehicle to service.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 87
12 Diagnostics
Oil Leak
Figure 12.3
Visually inspect
the carrier in
the axle housing.
Clean and prepare the
housing and carrier
flanges. Apply the correct
Remove the carrier
gasket or silicone.
Yes from the axle housing.
Refer to Section 4.
Damaged? Repair the carrier
or install a
remanufactured
No carrier.
Install the carrier.
Refer to Section 5.
Inspect the
breather.
Fill the carrier with
the correct amount
Clean or replace the of the specified lubricant.
Breather Yes breather. A clogged Refer to Section 7.
clogged? breather can cause
a seal leak.
Test drive the vehicle to
No
confirm that the leak is
repaired. Return the
Inspect the vehicle to service.
pinion seal
for leaks.
Seal Yes Replace the pinion
leaking? seal with a
unitized seal.
No
Fill the carrier with the
Inspect the correct amount of the
carrier-to-housing specified lubricant.
joint for leaks. Refer to Section 7.
Clean the seal area.
Inspect the axle housing
welds for cracks or leaks. No Joint Test drive the vehicle
If you find weld cracks, leaking? to confirm that the
contact Meritor for repair leak is repaired.
welding procedures. Return the vehicle to
Yes
service.
Drain and inspect
the lubricant.
Refer to Section 7.
Remove the carrier
from the axle housing.
Refer to Section 3.
88 Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06)
12 Diagnostics
Contaminated Lubricant Found During Preventive Maintenance
Figure 12.4
Visually
inspect the
lubricant.
Clean and prepare the
Indicates Milky, Indicates housing and carrier
that water Brownish Silvery
Lubricant metallic flanges. Apply the correct
is entering gasket or silicone.
color? contamination.
the axle. Refer to Section 4.
Send out a lubrication
sample for analysis. Install the carrier.
Inspect the Advise the owner to Refer to Section 5.
breather. return for the results.
If analysis results Fill the carrier with
Clean or replace the
Breather Yes indicate wear or the correct amount
breather. A clogged
clogged? breakdown in the carrier, of the specified lubricant.
breather can cause
refer to the Differential Refer to Section 7.
a seal leak.
Making Noise diagnostic
flowchart in this publication.
No
Test drive the vehicle
Inspect the
to confirm that the
carrier seals
leak is repaired. Return
for leaks.
the vehicle to service.
Seal No Inspect the
leaking? carrier-to-housing
joint for leaks.
Yes
Inspect the axle housing
Replace the leaking Joint No welds for cracks or leaks.
seal with a leaking? If you find weld cracks,
unitized seal. contact Meritor for
repair welding procedures.
Yes
Fill the carrier Drain and
with the correct inspect the
amount of the lubricant.
specified lubricant. Refer to MM 1.
Refer to Section 7.
Clean the seal area.
Remove the
carrier from
Test drive the the axle. Refer to
vehicle to confirm Section 3.
that the leak is
repaired. Return the
vehicle to service.
Meritor Maintenance Manual 5A (Revised 08-06) 89
TP-0460
Revised 02-05
Lubrication Intervals for
Revised
1TP-0460
Technical
02-05
Bulletin
All Meritor Rear Drive Axles
Technical Bulletin
How to Obtain Additional Maintenance and 3. Clean the area around the fill plug. Remove the fill plug from
Service Information the differential carrier or the axle housing bowl, depending on
the axle. Do not remove the temperature indicator plug.
Refer to Maintenance Manual 1, Preventive Maintenance and
Lubrication; TP-9539, Approved Rear Drive Axle Lubricants; or the 4. Check the oil level. The level must be even with the bottom of
appropriate maintenance manual for the axle. To obtain these the fill plug hole.
publications, call ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center at
Figure 1
800-535-5560, or visit the Tech Library on our website at
arvinmeritor.com. Oil level must be
even with bottom
of fill plug hole.
Lubrication Analysis Recommendations
Meritor recommends using a lubricant analysis program.
Perform lubricant analysis at regularly-scheduled preventive
maintenance intervals. Refer to Maintenance Manual 1, FILL PLUG
Preventive Maintenance and Lubrication, pages 1 and 2,
TEMPERATURE INDICATOR
for drive axle differential oil analysis guidelines. PLUG — DO NOT REMOVE 1003324a
Check and Adjust the Oil Level 5. Install the fill plug. Tighten the plug to 35-50 lb-ft (48-67 N폷m).
@
WARNING
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe eye protection
when you perform vehicle maintenance or service.
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the wheels to
prevent the vehicle from moving. Support the vehicle with
safety stands. Do not work under a vehicle supported only by
jacks. Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal injury and
damage to components can result.
Check the oil level when the axle is at room temperature.
When hot, the oil temperature may be 190°F (88°C) or more
and can cause burns. A correct level is not obtained when the
axle is warm or hot. Serious personal injury and damage to
components can result.
1. Wear safe eye protection.
2. Park the vehicle on a level surface. Place blocks under the
front wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving. The axle must
be cold or near room temperature.
Construction,
Transit Bus,
Refuse,
City Delivery,
Yard Tractor,
Vocation or School Bus,
Linehaul Intercity Coach Logging,
Vehicle Operation Fire Truck,
Heavy Haul,
Motorhome
Mining,
Oil Field,
Rescue
Initial Oil Change Not required
Check Oil Level Every 10,000 miles Every 5,000 miles
Every 25,000 miles Every 25,000 miles
(16 000 km), once a (8000 km), once a
Add the correct type and (40 000 km) or the fleet (40 000 km) or the fleet
month or the fleet month or the fleet
amount of oil as maintenance interval, maintenance interval,
maintenance interval, maintenance interval,
required. whichever comes first whichever comes first
whichever comes first whichever comes first1
Petroleum-Based Oil Every 100,000 miles Every 100,000 miles Every 50,000 miles Every 25,000 miles
Change on Axles with or (160 000 km) or (160 000 km) or (80 000 km) or (40 000 km) or
without Pump and Filter annually, whichever annually, whichever annually, whichever annually, whichever
System comes first comes first comes first comes first
Synthetic Oil Every 500,000 miles Every 250,000 miles Every 250,000 miles Every 100,000 miles
Change on Axles with (800 000 km) or every (400 000 km) or every (400 000 km) or every (160 000 km) or every
or without Pump and 4 years, whichever 4 years, whichever 3 years, whichever 2 years, whichever
Filter System2 comes first comes first comes first comes first3
Filter
Every 100,000 miles Every 100,000 miles Every 100,000 miles Every 100,000 miles
Change on Axles with (160 000 km) (160 000 km) (160 000 km) (160 000 km)
Pump and Filter System
1
For continuous heavy-duty operation, check the oil level every 1,000 miles (1600 km).
2
These intervals apply to approved semi-synthetic and full-synthetic oils only. For a list of approved extended-drain axle oils, refer to TP-9539, Approved
Rear Drive Axle Lubricants.
3
The change interval for transit bus can be increased to 150,000 miles (241 400 km) or 3 years, whichever comes first, contingent upon:
a. documented 10% fleet oil sampling with results below Meritor guidelines per Maintenance Manual 1, Preventive Maintenance and Lubrication,
b. a minimum of 6 magnets in the housing (the 61163/71163 drive axles come standard with 6 magnets in the housing),
c. use of approved extended-drain interval lubricants per TP-9539 Approved Rear Drive Axle Lubricants (the drive axles excluded are RC-26-633/634
and RC-26/27-720).
Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, LLC Information contained in this publication was in effect at the time the publication was approved for printing and is subject to
2135 West Maple Road change without notice or liability. Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, LLC, reserves the right to revise the information presented or
Troy, MI 48084 USA discontinue the production of parts described at any time.
800-535-5560
Copyright 2005 TP-0460
arvinmeritor.com
ArvinMeritor, Inc. Revised 02-05
All Rights Reserved Printed in the USA (16579/24240)
TP-9539
Revised 06-07
Approved Rear Drive
Axle Lubricants
Technical Bulletin
CAUTION
You must fill Meritor axles with Meritor-specified
lubricants only. Do not fill an axle with
non-approved lubricants, which will void Meritor’s
warranty. Damage to axle components also can
result.
To avoid axle component damage, fill Meritor axles
with approved lubricants only. Using non-approved
lubricants also will void Meritor’s warranty.
For complete lubrication information, refer to
Maintenance Manual 1, Preventive Maintenance
and Lubrication. To obtain this publication,
call ArvinMeritor’s Customer Service Center at
800-535-5560, or visit Literature on Demand on our
website at meritorhvs.com.
Table A: Oil Change Intervals and Specifications for All Rear Drive Axles
Construction, Transit Bus,
City Delivery, School Refuse, Yard Tractor,
Vocation or Bus, Fire Truck, Logging, Heavy Haul,
Vehicle Operation Linehaul Intercity Coach Motorhome Mining, Oil Field, Rescue
Initial Oil Change Not required
Check Oil Level Every 25,000 miles (40 000 km), or the Every 10,000 miles Every 5,000 miles (8000 km),
fleet maintenance interval, whichever (16 000 km), once a once a month, or the fleet
Add the correct type and comes first month, or the fleet maintenance interval,
amount of oil as required. maintenance interval, whichever comes first
whichever comes first
Petroleum-Based Oil Every 100,000 miles (160 000 km), or Every 50,000 miles Every 25,000 miles
Change on Axle with or annually, whichever comes first (80 000 km), or annually, (40 000 km), or annually,
without Pump and Filter whichever comes first whichever comes first
System
Synthetic Oil Change on Every 500,000 miles Every 250,000 miles Every 250,000 miles Every 100,000 miles
Axle with or without Pump (800 000 km), or (400 000 km), or (400 000 km), or every (160 000 km), or every 2 years,
and Filter System every 4 years, every 4 years, 3 years, whichever whichever comes first
whichever comes whichever comes comes first
first first
Filter Change on Axle with Every 100,000 miles (160 000 km)
Pump and Filter System
For continuous heavy-duty operation, check the oil level every 1,000 miles (1600 km).
All ArvinMeritor GL5 approved gear lubricants have been SAE J2360 tested and approved. A current list of approved oils is
available at www.pri.sae.org/PRI/IMprograms/Lubricant.
These intervals apply to approved semi-synthetic and full synthetic oils only. For a list of approved extended-drain axle oils, refer
to Table C or Table D.
The change interval for transit buses can be increased to 150,000 miles or 3 years, whichever comes first, contingent upon:
1) documented 10% fleet oil sampling with results below ArvinMeritor guidelines per Maintenance Manual 1,
2) minimum of six magnets in housing (61163/ 71163 drive axles come standard with six magnets in housing), and
3) use of approved extended-drain interval lubricants per Table B. (Drive axles excluded are: RC-26-633/634 and
RC-26/27-720.)
Table B: Axle Oil Specifications
SAE
A.P.I. Viscosity ArvinMeritor SAE Outside
Gear Oil Type Specification Grade Specification Specification Temperature
85W/140 O76-A Above +10°F (–12°C)
80W/140 O76-B Above –15°F (–26°C)
80W/90 O76-D Above –15°F (–26°C)
Drain Lubricants
75W/90 O76-E Above –40°F (–40°C)
Standard
Petroleum with SAE J2360 Tested
GL-5 From –40°F (–40°C)
EP additives 75W O76-J and Approved
to +35°F (+2°C)
75W/140 O76-L Above –40°F (–40°C)
Petroleum with 75W/90, Depends on viscosity.
Extended-Drain 80W/90,
Extended-Drain Lubricants
O76-Q, O76-R Refer to the viscosity
Base Oils and 80W/140 or
grades listed above.
EP additives 75W/140
Petroleum with
Semi-Synthetic
80W/90 O76-P Above –15°F (–26°C)
Base Oils and SAE J2360 Tested
EP additives GL-5
and Approved
Fully Synthetic
Base Oil and EP 75W/140 O76-M Above –40°F (–40°C)
additives
Fully Synthetic
Base Oil and EP 75W/90 O76-N Above –40°F (–40°C)
additives
Table C: Extended-Drain-Approved Synthetic Axle Oil Suppliers — United States
Distributors
Name of Lubricant Viscosity Manufacturer
Allied Mag Synthetic EP 75W/90, 80W/140 Allied Oil and Supply Incorporated
Altra Syntec GT-7 75W/90, 80W/140 Allegheny Petroleum Products
Amalie Synthetic Gear Lubricant 75W/90, 80W/140 Amalie Refining Company
Amoco Ultimate Multipurpose Gear Lube 75W/90, 80W/140 Amoco Oil Company
Archer Synthetic 75W/90, 80W/140 McCollister & Co.
Brad Penn Full Syn. Hypoid Gear Lube 75W/90, 80W/140 American Refining Group
Bulldog Syn Gear Lube 75W/90, 80W/140 Mack Truck Company
Chevron Delo Synthetic Gear Lubricant 75W/90 Chevron Global Lubricants
Chevron RPM Synthetic Gear Lubricant 75W/90, 80W/140 Chevron Global Lubricants
Citgo Synthetic Gear Lube 75W/90, 80W/140 Citgo Petroleum Corporation
Coastal HD 75W/90, 80W/140 Coastal Unilube Inc.
Dyna-Plex 21C Synzol 75W/90, 80W/140 Universal Lubricants
Dyno-Tech HD 75W/90, 80W/140 Chemtool Inc.
Emgard EP 75W/90, 80W/140 Cognis Corporation
Emgard FE Fuel Efficient Synthetic Gear Lubricant 75W/90 Cognis Corporation
Emgard Synthetic Gear Lubricant 75W/90, 80W/140 Cognis Corporation
Emgard 2986 75W/90 Cognis Corporation
Fleetrite Synthetic 75W/90, 80W/140 International Truck & Engine Group
FS Synthetic 75W/90, 80W/140 Growmark
Gear Plus Super EW 75W/90, 80W/140 Pennzoil-Quaker State
TP-9539
Revised 06-07 (16579/22882)
Page 2 Copyright ArvinMeritor, Inc., 2007 Printed in USA
Table C: Extended-Drain-Approved Synthetic Axle Oil Suppliers — United States
Distributors
Name of Lubricant Viscosity Manufacturer
Gibraltar Syn-Gear 75W/90, 80W/140 David Weber Oil Company
Gulf Syngear 75W/90, 80W/140 Gulf Oil
Hi-Tek Synthetic 75W/90, 80W/140 Industrial Oils Limited
Imperial SGO 75W/90, 80W/140 IPAC
Lubemaster Syn EP 75W/90, 80W/140 Lubemaster (A Division of Certified Labs)
Maxtron GL 75W/90, 80W/140 Country Energy LLC
Mobil Delvac Synthetic Gear Oil 75W/90, 80W/140 ExxonMobil Corporation
Mobilube SHC 75W/90, 80W/140 ExxonMobil Corporation
Monarch Syngear Plus 75W/90, 80W/140 Royal Manufacturing Co. Inc.
Mystik Synguard SX-7000 75W/90, 80W/140 Cato Oil and Grease Company
NEO 75W/90, 80W/140 Neo Lubricants
Pennzoil Long-Life EW 75W/90, 80W/140 Shell Oil U.S.
Quaker State FCI Synthetic 75W/90, 80W/140 Shell Oil U.S.
Raloy Transintex Plus EP 75W/90, 80W/140 Raloy Lubricantes S. A. de C.V.
Roadranger FE Fuel Efficient Synthetic Gear Lubricant 75W/90 Eaton Corporation
Roadranger Synthetic Gear Lubricant 75W/90, 80W/140 Eaton Corporation
Schaeffer Synthetic EP 75W/90, 80W/140 Schaeffer Manufacturing Company
SHP Gear Lube 75W/90, 80W/140 Kendall Lubricants
Spirax S 75W/90, 80W/140 Shell Lubricants
SYN HD Gear Oil 75W/90, 80W/140 Lyondell Lubricants
Syn. Axle Lubricant 12345841 75W/90, 80W/140 General Motors Service Parts
Syncon HP Synthetic Gear Oil 75W/90, 80W/140 Conoco Lubricants
SYN-EP Gear Lubricant 75W/90, 80W/140 Black Bear Company Incorporated
Synergy Syn. Gear Lube EP 75W/90, 80W/140 Northland Products Company
Syn-Gear 75W/90, 80W/140 Castrol Heavy Duty Lubricants, Inc.
Syngear EP 75W/90, 80W/140 American AGIP
Synolec 75W/90, 80W/140 Lubrication Engineers Incorporated
Synpro 75W/90, 80W/140 Fina Oil and Chemical Company
Syn-Star GL 75W/90, 80W/140 Texaco Lubricants Company
Synsure Synthetic Lubricant 75W/90, 80W/140 D-A Lubricant Company Incorporated
Syn-Tech EP 75W/90, 80W/140 Benz Oil
Syntex 2700 75W/90, 80W/140 Texas Refinery Corporation
Texaco Syn-Star GL 75W/90, 80W/140 Chevron Global Lubricants
Traxon E Synthetic 75W/90, 80W/140 Petro-Canada Lubricants Centre
Triton Syn Lube EP 75W/90, 80W/140 76 Lubricants
United Syn 75W/90, 80W/140 McCollister & Co.
Valvoline HD Synthetic Gear Oil EP 75W/90, 80W/140 Valvoline Incorporated
TP-9539
(16579/22882) Revised 06-07
Printed in USA Copyright ArvinMeritor, Inc., 2007 Page 3
Table D: Additional Extended-Drain-Approved Axle Oil Suppliers
CANADA:
Name of Lubricant Viscosity Manufacturer
HDH Synthetic 75W/90, 80W/140 Irving Oil Limited
NEMCO Syngear 75W/90, 80W/140 NemCo Resources Limited
Sonic MP Gear Oil 75W/90, 80W/140 Federated Cooperatives Limited
Titan Syndrive 75W/90, 80W/140 Fuchs Lubricants Canada Limited
MEXICO:
Name of Lubricant Viscosity Manufacturer
Akron Axle Synthetic 75W/90, 80W/140 Mexicano de Lubricantes, S.A. de C.V.
Q.S. Synquest Gear 80W/140 Commercial Importada, S.A. de C.V.
Sun Gear Gold Syn 75W/90, 80W/140 Aceites Y Parafinas Industriales
Syn-Star GL 75W/90, 80W/140 Productos Texaco, S.A. de C.V.
Transintex Plus EP 75W/90, 80W/140 Raloy Lubricantes, S.A. de C.V.
AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND:
Name of Lubricant Viscosity Manufacturer
Synstar GL 75W/90, 80W/140 Caltex Oil Pty. Limited
Syntrax E 75W/90, 80W/140 Castrol Australia PTY Limited
TransGear S 80W/140 BP Oil Company
Tutela Truck FE Axle 80W/140 Fiat Lubrificanti
Other Approved Extended-Drain Gear Oils
Name of Lubricant Viscosity Manufacturer
Delo Gear Lubricant ESI 80W/90, 85W/140 Chevron Global Lubricants
PED 6449 75W/90 Chevron Global Lubricants
Pennzoil Long-Life EW 75W/90, 80W/140 Shell Lubricants
SAF-AM 80W/90 Castrol Heavy Duty Lubricants
Shell Spirax EW 75W/90, 80W/140 Shell Lubricants
Synergyn Blended 80W/90 Synergyn Racing Products
Synthetic
Texaco Star Gear 80W/90, 85W/140 Chevron Global Lubricants
Lubricant
Triton Syn Lube LDO 75W/90, 80W/140 76 Lubricants
Super Three Star 75W/90, 80W/140 Kendall
TP-9539
Revised 06-07 (16579/22882)
Page 4 Copyright ArvinMeritor, Inc., 2007 Printed in USA
For Meritor R-170 Axles Equipped Lubrication Analysis
With Traction Equalizer® Recommendations
Meritor’s R-170 axles with Traction Equalizer Meritor recommends using a lubricant analysis
normally operate with either standard petroleum, program. Perform lubricant analysis at
semi-synthetic or full-synthetic oils. regularly-scheduled preventive maintenance
intervals. Refer to Maintenance Manual 1,
When to Use “Limited Slip Friction Preventive Maintenance and Lubrication,
Modifiers” for drive axle differential oil analysis guidelines.
Occasionally the Traction Equalizer will “slip” or
“stick.” When this happens, you will hear intervals
of shrill noises when the vehicle operates at low
speed or when the vehicle makes sharp turns. You
can correct this condition by adding “limited slip
friction modifiers.”
NOTE: “Limited slip friction modifiers” usually
deteriorate more quickly than extreme pressure
(EP) additives. Shorten the lubricant change
schedule if you add a friction modifier.
앫 At the initial lubricant change interval for an
R-170 equipped with Traction Equalizer: Replace
the factory-installed lubricant with an approved
lubricant and one of the additives specified in
the following table.
앫 After the initial change interval: Change the
lubricant and the additive at or before
50,000 miles (80 000 km).
Specifications
For all GL-5 oils (petroleum oil or synthetic), add
one of the following modifiers specified in the
following table.
Manufacturer Specification
DSL-178 Guardsman Products
Equa-Torque #2411 and #2414 Sta-Lube Corporation
Lubrizol #6178 Lubrizol Corporation
Quantities for R-170 Axles With and
Without Traction Equalizer
WITHOUT Traction
WITH Traction Equalizer Equalizer
40 pints oil (18.9 liters) 43 pints oil (20.3 liters)
+ 3 pints additive (1.4 liters)
TP-9539
(16579/22882) Revised 06-07
Printed in USA Copyright ArvinMeritor, Inc., 2007 Page 5
Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, LLC Information contained in this publication was in effect at the time the publication was approved for printing and is
2135 West Maple Road subject to change without notice or liability. Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, LLC, reserves the right to revise the
Troy, MI 48084 USA information presented or to discontinue the production of parts described at any time.
800-535-5560
meritorhvs.com Copyright 2007 TP-9539
ArvinMeritor, Inc. Revised 06-07
All Rights Reserved Printed in USA 16579/22882
Table of Contents
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
General Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Spicer 10 Series™ Universal Joint and
Component Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Slip Members Lubrication Intervals . . . . . .11
Driveline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Lubrication for Universal Joints . . . . . . . . . . . .12
End Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Grease Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Universal Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Lubrication Procedure for Universal Joints 12
Slip Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Quick Disconnect™ (Half Round)
Yoke (Includes Slip Yoke, Yoke Shaft, Universal Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
and Tube Yoke) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Bearing Plate (Full Round) Universal
Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Midship Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Snap Ring Universal Joints . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Center Bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Lubrication for Slip Members . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Foreign Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Lubrication of Center Bearing Assemblies . . . .15
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Lubrication (When Applicable) . . . . . . . . . . 4 Disassembly and Reassembly . . . . .16
Universal Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Disassembly - Snap Ring Design . . . . . . . .16
End Fitting Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Reassembly - Snap Ring Design . . . . . . . .17
Bearing Plate (Full Round) Yoke Disassembly - Bearing Plate Style . . . . . . .18
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Reassembly - Bearing Plate Style . . . . . . .18
Quick Disconnect™ (Half Round) End Center Bearing Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Yoke Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Disassembly - Inboard Slip Style . . . . . . . .20
Universal Joint Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Midship Nut Specifications Table . . . . . . . .22
Re-lubable Style Universal Joints . . . . . . . . 8 Disassembly - Outboard Slip Style . . . . . . .23
Permanently Greased Plug Style Reassembly - Inboard Slip Style . . . . . . . .24
Universal Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Recommended Center Bearing
Slip Member Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Midship Nut Installation Procedure . . . . . .24
Center Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Reassembly - Outboard Slip Style . . . . . . .25
Midship End Fitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Recommended Center Bearing
Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Grease Zerk (Nipple) Fittings or Plugs . . . . . . .26
Universal Joints and Slip Member
Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Universal Joint Grease Zerk (Nipple)
Fitting and Plug Torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Safety
Safety
Note: Spicer 10 Series™ Driveshafts are found on vehicles
Safety
throughout the world. Therefore, this manual includes
worldwide terminology. CAUTION
Spicer 10 Series™ Driveshaft assemblies can weigh in
excess of 100 pounds (46 kilograms). Be sure to use proper
General Safety lifting techniques when handling Spicer 10 Series™ Drive-
shaft assemblies. More than one person may be needed
The following WARNINGS and CAUTIONS should be read and when handling driveshaft assemblies.
understood before attempting any service or repair on the var-
ious components of the driveshaft assembly. 8. ALWAYS use support straps to prevent the driveshaft
from falling out of the vehicle during the removal and
CAUTION installation process.
Under no circumstances should individuals attempt to per-
Note: This manual does not discuss the removal and installa-
form driveline service and/or maintenance procedures for
tion of Spicer 10 Series™ Driveshaft assemblies from
which they have not been trained or do not have the proper
the vehicle. It only covers the disassembly and reassem-
tools or equipment.
bly of component parts of the driveshaft assembly.
WARNING Please refer to the original-equipment manufacturer’s
Failure to take common sense, precautionary measures service documentation for removal and installation pro-
when working on a vehicle or other machinery could result cedures.
in property damage, serious personal injury, or death. To 9. NEVER heat components, and never use sledgeham-
avoid property damage, serious personal injury, or death, mers or floor jacks to remove the driveshaft from the
please follow basic safety rules as noted below. vehicle.
1. ALWAYS wear safety glasses when performing
Note: For driveshaft applications that have pillow blocks,
maintenance or service. Failure to do so can result in
dampers, parking brakes, or retarders, refer to these compo-
personal injury and/or partial or complete vision
nent manufacturers’ or the original equipment manufacturer’s
loss.
service manuals for the proper procedures. NEVER perform
2. NEVER perform service or maintenance tasks under- any unauthorized procedures that will change the discon-
neath a vehicle while the engine is running. Be sure nected properties of Spicer products.
the vehicle engine is off and the keys are removed
from the ignition.
3. NEVER perform service or maintenance tasks under-
neath a vehicle that is not on a level or flat surface.
4. NEVER work on a driveshaft without blocking the
vehicle wheels and releasing all parking brakes.
5. ALWAYS wear gloves when handling parts with
sharp edges or abrasive surfaces. WARNING
ROTATING DRIVESHAFTS
6. NEVER lift a vehicle without the appropriate weight-
rated vehicle-lift equipment. Always properly support • Rotating auxiliary driveshafts are dangerous. You
the vehicle with appropriate weighted support equip- can snag clothes, skin, hair, hands, etc. This can
ment. cause serious injury or death.
7. NEVER remove a driveshaft from a vehicle without • Do not go under the vehicle when the engine is run-
keeping the transmission in neutral. ning.
• Do not work on or near an exposed shaft when
engine is running.
• Shut off engine before working on power take-off or
driven equipment.
• Exposed rotating driveshafts must be guarded.
1
Safety
Component Safety
Driveline Failure to torque bolts to specification can cause driveline fail-
ure, which can result in separation of the driveline from the
WARNING vehicle. A separated driveline can result in property damage,
serious personal injury, or death.
Failure to replace damaged driveline components can cause CAUTION
driveline failure, which can result in separation of the driveline
from the vehicle. A separated driveline can result in property
damage, serious personal injury, or death. Use a journal locator to avoid nicking journal cross trunnions
or damaging oil seal slingers.
Reassembly of a driveline out of original phase can cause
vibration and failure of the driveline and attaching compo- If a bearing assembly or journal cross is worn or damaged,
nents. Driveline failure can result in separation of the driveline the universal joint assembly must be replaced.
from the vehicle, resulting in property damage, serious per-
sonal injury, or death. Be sure the snap rings are properly seated in the snap ring
grooves.
Driveshaft assemblies can weigh in excess of 100 pounds (46
kilograms). Be sure to use proper lifting techniques when Slip Member
handling driveshafts. More than one person may be needed WARNING
when handling driveshaft assemblies.
CAUTION Excessive radial looseness in the slip member assembly can
cause imbalance or vibration in the driveshaft. Imbalance or
Never heat components, never use sledge hammers, and vibration can cause components to wear, which in turn can
never use floor jacks to disassemble driveshafts. This can result in separation of the driveline from the vehicle. A sepa-
result in damaged, weakened, or bent components. rated driveline can cause property damage, serious personal
injury or death.
End Fitting
Yoke (Includes Slip Yoke, Yoke Shaft, and Tube
WARNING Yoke)
WARNING
A loose end-fitting can result in driveline failure, which can in
turn lead to separation of the driveline from the vehicle. A sep-
arated driveline can lead to property damage, serious per- A loose or damaged slip yoke seal allows contaminants to
sonal injury, or death. invade the slip member assembly. Invasion of contaminants
into the slip member assembly can degrade the grease, and
Universal Joint damage slip member components, which can result in drive-
line separation. A separated driveline can result in property
WARNING
damage, serious personal injury, or death.
Excessive looseness across the end of universal joint bearing DO NOT deform yoke cross holes by removing excessive
cup assemblies can cause imbalance or vibration in the drive- metal. Raised metal or deformed yoke cross holes can be a
shaft assembly. Imbalance or vibration can cause component cause of cross and bearing failure, which can result in separa-
wear, which can result in separation of the driveline. A sepa- tion of the driveline from the vehicle. A separated driveline can
rated driveline can lead to property damage, serious personal result in property damage, serious personal injury, or death.
injury, or death.
Yoke shaft assemblies can weigh in excess of 50 pounds
DO NOT reuse bolts or use inferior grade bolts. Reuse of bolts (23 kilograms). Be sure to use proper lifting techniques when
and/or use of inferior grade bolts can cause driveline failure, handling yoke shafts.
which can result in separation of the driveline from the vehi-
cle. A separated driveline can result in property damage, seri-
ous personal injury, or death.
2
Safety
Tubing Center Bearing
WARNING WARNING
Safety
Bent or dented tubing can cause imbalance or vibration in the Loose center bearing bracket bolts can result in driveline fail-
driveshaft assembly. Imbalance or vibration can cause com- ure, which can result in separation of the driveline from the
ponent wear, which can result in separation of the driveline vehicle. A separated driveline can result in property damage,
from the vehicle. A separated driveline can result in property serious personal injury, or death.
damage, serious personal injury, or death.
Damaged center bearings or center bearing components can
CAUTION cause imbalance or vibration in the driveshaft assembly.
Imbalance or vibration can cause component wear, which can
Do not bend or dent the tube when handling or servicing result in separation of the driveline from the vehicle. A sepa-
driveshaft. rated driveline can result in property damage, serious per-
sonal injury, or death.
Midship Nut
Foreign Material
WARNING
WARNING
DO NOT reuse the midship nut. Reuse of the midship nut can
cause driveline failure, which can result in separation of the Build-up of foreign material, excessive paint, or undercoating
driveline from the vehicle. A separated driveline can result in on a driveshaft can cause imbalance or vibration in the drive-
property damage, serious personal injury, or death. shaft assembly. Imbalance or vibration can cause component
wear, which can result in separation of the driveline from the
DO NOT touch or disturb the micro-encapsulated adhesive vehicle. A separated driveline can result in property damage,
found on the midship nut threads. Doing so may initiate the serious personal injury, or death.
curing process and impair the installation of the nut. Prema-
ture curing of the micro-encapsulated adhesive will result in A contaminated slip member can result in separation of the
the improper installation of the midship nut. Improper instal- driveline from the vehicle. A separated driveline can result in
lation of this nut can cause driveline failure, which can result property damage, serious personal injury, or death.
in a separation of the driveline from the vehicle. A separated
Hardware
driveline can result in property damage, serious personal
injury, or death. WARNING
Failure to torque the midship nut to required specifications
can cause driveline failure, which can result in separation of Loose, missing, or damaged bearing retainers or stamped
the driveline from the vehicle. A separated driveline can result straps, retaining bolts, nuts, end fitting tangs, snap rings, or
in property damage, serious personal injury, or death. rotating bearing cups can result in driveline failure. A sepa-
rated driveline can lead to property damage, serious personal
A loose midship nut can result in driveline failure, which can injury, or death.
result in separation of the driveline from the vehicle. A sepa-
rated driveline can result in property damage, serious per- DO NOT reuse bolts, straps, nuts, or damaged bearing retain-
sonal injury, or death. ers, or use inferior grade bolts. Reuse of bolts, straps, nuts,
or damaged bearing retainers, or use of inferior grade bolts,
can cause driveline failure, which can result in separation of
the driveline from the vehicle. A separated driveline can result
in property damage, serious personal injury, or death.
CAUTION
If loosening or removing bolts, always install a new strap and
bolts and torque bolts to specification.
3
Safety
Lubrication (When Applicable) Incompatible greases that are applied to universal joints and/
or slip members can result in driveline failure and can result in
WARNING separation of the driveline from the vehicle. A separated drive-
line can result in property damage, serious personal injury, or
A missing, loose, or fractured grease zerk (nipple) fitting or death.
plug eliminates the ability to lubricate the universal joint.
Improper or inadequate lubrication can cause driveline failure, Hand tightening of grease zerk (nipple) fittings or plugs is
which can result in separation of the driveline from the vehi- NOT recommended. Failure to torque grease zerk (nipple) fit-
cle. A separated driveline can result in property damage, seri- tings to specifications can result in separation of the driveline
ous personal injury, or death. from the vehicle. A separated driveline can cause property
damage, serious personal injury, or death.
Improper lubrication techniques can cause driveline failure, CAUTION
which can result in separation of the driveline from the vehi-
cle. A separated driveline can result in property damage, seri-
ous personal injury, or death. In cold temperatures, be sure to drive the vehicle immediately
after lubrication. This activates the slip spline and removes
A missing, loose, damaged, or fractured plug or grease zerk excess grease. Failure to do so could cause excess grease to
(nipple) fitting can allow contaminants to invade the universal stiffen in the cold weather and force the plug out. The end of
joint. Invasion of contaminants into the universal joint can the spline would then be open to collect contaminants and
degrade grease and cause universal joint damage, which can cause the spline to wear and/or seize.
result in separation of the driveline from the vehicle. A sepa-
rated driveline can result in property damage, serious per- All slip yoke and universal joint seals should be completely
sonal injury, or death. purged.
4
Inspection
Inspection
Spicer 10 Series™ Driveshafts should be carefully inspected 3. Grasp the end fitting with both hands and rotate left
at recommended original-equipment manufacturer’s service to right, feeling for play and backlash. There should
intervals and/or at Spicer recommended lubrication intervals not be any movement in the end fittings relative to
as shown in the Lubrication section on page 11. the output or input shafts to which they are con-
nected. If looseness is evident, consult transmission,
axle, or transfer case original-equipment manufac-
End Fitting Inspection turer’s service and maintenance manuals for proper
end fitting to shaft specifications.
This information refers to axle, transmission, transfer case,
and center bearing end fittings. Please refer to the End Fitting
information in Component Safety on page 2.
1. Visually inspect all end-fitting retaining nuts or bolts
Inspection
for any gaps or looseness between mating surfaces.
If gaps are present, consult transmission, axle, or
transfer case original-equipment manufacturer’s ser-
vice and maintenance manual for proper fastener
specifications. If looseness is evident between the
nut, yoke, or center bearing, take the driveshaft to a
qualified driveshaft facility for further inspection and
repair.
2. Check all end fittings for looseness. Grasp the end
fitting with both hands and try to move it vertically 4. Visually inspect for:
and horizontally to feel any looseness. • damaged half round bearing straps
• loose bearing strap bolts
• loose companion flange bolts and nuts
• damaged or worn tangs on end fittings
• damaged or missing snap rings
• rotating bearing cups
If any of these conditions are present, component replace-
ment is necessary. Refer to the original-equipment manufac-
turer’s recommendations for removal instructions.
5
Inspection
Bearing Plate (Full Round) Yoke Inspection 4. Check the yoke lug cross holes with a No-Go Wear
Please refer to the End Fitting information in the Component Gauge, and then use a Spicer Alignment Bar to
Safety section on page 2. inspect for damage by sliding through both cross
holes simultaneously.
1. Refer to original-equipment manufacturer for
removal of the driveshaft from the vehicle.
2. Place the driveshaft in v-blocks to remove the cross
and bearing assemblies. Completely remove the
cross and bearings from the yokes at both ends of
the driveshaft using a universal joint removal tool.
Next, disassemble the bearing assemblies from the
slip yoke (and flange yoke, where applicable), using
a tool kit.
The alignment bar will identify yoke lugs that have
taken a set because of excessive torque. The raised
metal or distorted lugs can be a cause of premature
cross and bearing problems.
5. If, after proper cleaning of the cross holes, the align-
ment bar will not pass through both cross holes
simultaneously, the yoke lugs are distorted, and the
yoke or yokes should be replaced.
3. Clean the cross holes on the yoke, and inspect the
cross hole surfaces for damage or raised metal.
Raised metal or fretting can be removed from yoke
cross holes with a fine-toothed file and/or emery
cloth.
WARNING
DO NOT deform yoke cross holes by removing excessive
metal. Raised metal or deformed yoke cross holes can
cause cross and bearing failure, which can result in separa-
tion of the driveline from the vehicle.
6
Inspection
Quick Disconnect™ (Half Round) End Yoke Inspection 4. Assemble bearing straps and bolts, tightening bolts
Please refer to the End Fitting information in the Component a minimum of 30 lbs. ft. (41 N•m). Insert the align-
Safety section on page 2. ment bar into one bushing. If the bar enters and
passes through the opposite bushing, alignment is
1. Remove the universal joint assembly from the end
correct. If the alignment bar will not enter the oppo-
yoke, and clean the cross hole surfaces for inspec-
site bushing, re-inspect for yoke seat burrs.
tion.
2. Inspect the cross hole surfaces for damaged or
raised metal. Raised metal or fretting can be
removed from yoke cross holes with a fine-toothed
file and/or emery cloth.
WARNING
Inspection
DO NOT deform yoke cross holes by removing excessive
metal. Raised metal or deformed yoke cross holes can
cause cross and bearing failure, which can result in separa-
tion of the driveline from the vehicle.
Inspect the bearing caps for any indication of rota-
tion within the cross holes. If rotation is apparent,
5. If, after proper cleaning, the alignment bar still does
the yoke should be replaced.
not pass through both bushings, the yoke lugs are
3. Check the yoke for cross hole alignment using the distorted, and the yoke should be replaced.
Spicer alignment gauge. Place the correct bushing in
each lug ear, allowing a .030" (.75 mm) to .060"
(1.5 mm) clearance between the tang and the bush-
ing.
7
Inspection
Universal Joint Inspection
Please refer to the Universal Joint information in the Compo- Re-lubable Style Universal Joints
nent Safety section on page 2.
1. With re-lubable style universal joints, check for the
1. Check for excessive looseness between the ends of presence of all grease zerk (nipple) fittings. Grease
the universal joint bearing cup assemblies and trun- zerk (nipple) fittings should not be missing, loose, or
nions. fractured.
2. Grasp the inboard yoke on the driveshaft with both
hands and attempt to move the yoke horizontally and
vertically. There should be less than .006" (.15 mm)
movement in the universal joint relative to the
inboard or outboard yokes. If looseness is greater
than .006" (.15 mm) in either direction, the universal
joint must be replaced. See Disassembly and Reas-
sembly on page 16.
2. If a grease zerk (nipple) fitting is loose, tighten it to
required specifications. See the Universal Joint
Grease Zerk (Nipple) Fitting and Plug Torque table on
page 26.
3. If a grease zerk (nipple) fitting is fractured or miss-
ing, the entire universal joint must be replaced. Refer
to Disassembly and Reassembly on page 16 for
removal and replacement instructions.
Permanently Greased Plug Style Universal Joints
Please refer to the Universal Joint information in Component
Safety on page 2.
1. Permanently greased plug style universal joints have
a plug rather than grease zerk (nipple) fittings. Make
sure the plug is not missing, loose, or fractured. If
the plug is loose, tighten it to required specifications.
See the Universal Joint Grease Zerk (Nipple) Fitting
and Plug Torque table on page 26.
2. If a plug is missing or fractured, the entire universal
joint must be replaced. Refer to recommendations in
the Disassembly and Reassembly on page 16 for
removal and replacement instructions.
8
Inspection
Slip Member Assembly Tubing
This information refers to slip yokes and tube shaft assem- Please refer to the Tubing information in the Component
blies. Please refer to the Slip Member information in the Com- Safety section on page 2.
ponent Safety section on page 2.
1. Check the driveshaft for bent or dented tubing or
1. Check all slip yoke assemblies to be sure the slip missing balance weights. If any of these conditions
yoke plug is not loose, missing, or damaged. If any is evident, replacement of the complete driveshaft
of these situations are evident, replacement of the assembly or tube is necessary.
yoke assembly is necessary.
2. Make certain there is no build-up of foreign material
on the driveshaft. If found, build-up should be
removed carefully to avoid damaging the driveshaft.
CAUTION
Inspection
Do not allow solvents to come in contact with seals or
greasible areas of the driveshaft assembly. If foreign mate-
rial cannot be removed without complete assurance that the
driveshaft will not be damaged, the complete driveshaft
should be replaced with a new OEM driveshaft.
2. Visually inspect for the presence of the grease zerk
(nipple) fitting, if applicable, on the slip yoke. Grease
zerk (nipple) fittings should not be missing, loose, or
fractured.
3. If a grease zerk (nipple) fitting is loose, tighten it to
required specifications. See the Universal Joint
Grease Zerk (Nipple) Fitting and Plug Torque table on
page 26.
4. If a grease zerk (nipple) fitting is missing or dam-
aged, the slip member assembly must be replaced.
5. Check the slip yoke seals and dust caps. Make sure
the seal is properly attached to the slip yoke and is
not loose or damaged. If any of these situations are
evident, replacement of the slip member and/or seal
may be necessary.
6. For an inboard and outboard slip yoke assembly
design, check to be sure the slip yoke welch plug is
not loose, missing, or damaged.
7. If there is excessive looseness between the mating
components, with the presence of vibration, all slip
assembly components should be replaced.
9
Inspection
Center Bearings
Please refer to the Center Bearing information in the Compo- Midship End Fitting
nent Safety section on page 2. Please refer to the safety information in the General Safety
section and the Midship Nut information in the Component
1. Inspect the center bearing bracket bolts for loose-
Safety section on page 2.
ness. If looseness is evident, re-tighten the center
bearing bracket bolts. Consult the vehicle manufac- 1. Inspect the center bearing end fitting and bolt hole
turer’s documentation for proper bolt torque. Check threads for damage. If the bolt hole threads are dam-
the alignment of the bracket before tightening the aged, the end fitting must be replaced.
bolt. Bracket should not be skewed more than 3° in
relation to the centerline of the driveshaft.
2. Check the center bearing end fitting and fitting nut
washer for any looseness. Grasp the end fitting with
2. Visually inspect the center bearing rubber cushion both hands, and try to move it both vertically and
for damage. Make sure the slingers are not rubbing horizontally to feel for looseness. There should NOT
against the rubber cushion. Verify that the rubber be any movement in the center bearing end fitting
cushion is properly seated in the metal bracket. If relative to the midship tube shaft to which it is con-
any of these conditions are evident, replacement of nected. If any of these conditions are present, the
the center bearing assembly is necessary. Refer to center bearing end fitting and midship tube shaft
recommendations in the Disassembly and Reassem- must be replaced as a pair.
bly on page 16 for proper center bearing replace-
ment procedures. 3. Refer to the End Fitting Inspection section on page 5
for proper procedures.
Note: Repeat the same inspection steps for all center bearings
within the driveline.
10
Lubrication
Lubrication
Lack of proper lubrication is among the most common causes Members Lubrication Intervals
of universal joint and slip member problems. Properly sized
Spicer universal joints that are adequately lubricated at rec- 1. Carefully review the lubrication specifications found
ommended intervals will normally meet or exceed vehicle in this manual.
operation requirements.
2. Be sure to lubricate at the recommended intervals.
Note: Spicer 10 Series™ relube style universal joints contain See the table below.
only enough grease to provide needle roller bearing pro- 3. Be sure to use only recommended greases that meet
tection during storage and shipment. It is therefore nec- the listed criteria. See “Lubrication for Universal
essary to completely lubricate each replacement Joints” on page 12.
universal joint after assembly into the end fitting.
4. Carefully follow driveshaft inspection procedures as
Inadequate service intervals and failure to properly lubricate outlined in this manual.
the universal joints will cause universal joint failures. Proper
lubrication purges all universal joint seals, thus removing Note: It is essential that all bearing seals be completely
abrasive contaminants from the bearing assemblies. Slip purged of old grease and contaminants. If only fresh
members must also be adequately lubricated to prevent slip grease can be seen at all seals, the purging process is
member failure. complete, and the universal joint is properly lubricated.
Spicer 10 Series™ Universal Joint and Slip
The Spicer 10 Series™ Driveshafts include 1310 through 1880.
City Highway Line Haul On/Off Highway Off-Highway
and Industrial*
Lubrication
5,000/8,000 Miles 10,000/15,000 Miles 10,000/15,000 Miles 5,000/8,000 Miles 500/200 Hrs.
(8,000/12,000Km) (16,000/24,000Km) (16,000/24,000Km) (8,000/12,000Km)
or or or or
3 months 3 months 30 days 3 months
(whichever comes first) (whichever comes first) (whichever comes first) (whichever comes first)
*Grease cycles for off-highway and industrial uses vary depending on the application and operating conditions. In general, to
obtain maximum life, lubrication should occur every 500 hours for normal service and every 200 hours for continuous service
or severe environmental conditions.
Spicer Driveshaft recommends lubricating with a compatible grease meeting N.L.G.I. Grade 2 specifications with an operating
range of +325° F to -10° F (163° C to -23° C). For more information on Spicer Driveshaft lubrication intervals, please refer to
Form #3283-SDD.
• City is defined as all applications requiring a mini- • On/Off Highway is defined as all applications operat-
mum of 90 percent of operation time within city lim- ing primarily on paved roads but requiring more than
its. 10 percent of operating time on gravel, dirt, or
unpaved roads.
• Highway is defined as all applications requiring less
than 10 percent of operating time on gravel, dirt, or • Off-Highway and Industrial is defined as 100 per-
unpaved roads. cent on gravel, dirt, or unpaved roads, or stationary
applications.
• Line Haul is defined as 100 percent of operating
time on smooth concrete or asphalt.
11
Lubrication
Lubrication for Universal Joints
Spicer recommends the following requirements be met for Lubrication Procedure for Universal Joints
any grease used to service most vehicular and industrial Please refer to the Lubrication information in the Component
applications and all auxiliary driveshaft applications: Safety section.
• Use a good quality E.P. (extreme pressure) grease
Required Materials:
(Timken Test Load - 50 lbs. / 23 kg. minimum), and
that • N.L.G.I. Grade-2, E.P. Grease
• Meets N.L.G.I. (National Lubricating Grease Insti- • Grease gun
tute) Grade 2 specifications, and has an
May Need If Bearing(s) Will Not Purge:
• Operating range of +325° F to -10° F (163° C to -
23° C), which is • C-Clamp
• Compatible with commonly used multi-purpose • New straps
greases. For information about grease compatibility,
• New bolts
see the Grease Compatibility section below. Consult
your local grease source for greases that meet these 1. Use the proper grease to purge all four seals of each
specifications. universal joint. This flushes abrasive contaminants
from each bearing assembly and assures all four
Note: There are instances when special lubrication is required
bearings are filled. Purge the seals. Spicer seals are
due to original-equipment manufacturer specifications
made to be purged. Make sure fresh grease is evi-
or customer requests. The lubrication recommendations
dent at all four universal joint bearing seals.
listed in this manual are authorized by Spicer Driveshaft
engineering. Any alternate greases or lubrication proce- 2. If any of the seals fail to purge, try to push the drive-
dures are the responsibility of the user. shaft away from the seal that will not purge, while
applying grease gun pressure. There will occasion-
Grease Compatibility ally be one or more bearing assemblies that will not
To help reduce the effects of incompatible greases, be sure to purge.
thoroughly purge all four bearing seals on each universal joint
with the new grease. Purge seals until the fresh grease is visi-
ble on the outside of all four bearing seals. It is recom-
mended that all purged grease be wiped clean to prevent
discharge into the general environment. Contact your local
grease supplier for grease compatibility information.
12
Lubrication
Quick Disconnect™ (Half Round) Universal Joints
Series Strap Kit Recommended N•m
Assemblies Bolt Torque
1310 2-70-18X 13-18 lbs. ft. 17.6 - 24.4
1330 2-70-18X 13-18 lbs. ft. 17.6 - 24.4
1350 3-70-18X 30-35 lbs. ft. 40.7 - 46.5
1410 3-70-18X 30-35 lbs. ft. 40.7 - 46.5
1480 3-70-28X 45-60 lbs. ft. 61 - 81.3
1550 3-70-28X 45-60 lbs. ft. 61 - 81.3
1610 5-70-28X 45-60 lbs. ft. 61 - 81.3
1710 6.5-70-18X 115-135 lbs. ft. 162.7 - 183
1760 6.5-70-18X 115-135 lbs. ft. 162.7 - 183
1810 6.5-70-18X 115-135 lbs. ft. 162.7 - 183
The bolt torque specifications refer to Spicer bearing straps and bearing plates only. If using original-equipment bearing straps
and bearing plates, refer to manufacturer’s service manual for proper bolt torque specifications.
Note: Unless otherwise noted all recommended bolt torques are with dry threads.
1. If any of the bearing assemblies fail to purge removal 4. After all four bearings purge fresh grease, re-tighten
of the driveshaft is necessary. See the original- the C-clamp to squeeze out excess grease and wipe
equipment manufacturer for proper driveshaft clean. This will ease installation of universal joint kit
Lubrication
removal procedures. back into yoke. Install universal joint kit in the yoke
using new straps and bolts, and torque bolts to the
2. Place the driveshaft in v-blocks and apply a C-clamp
required specifications. Reference bolt torque speci-
across the half round bearings. Apply grease gun
fications in the above table.
pressure. Completely purge both bearings.
5. If the bearings still will not purge, complete removal
3. If outboard bearings fail to purge, slightly loosen C-
of the universal joint kit is needed to determine the
clamp and reapply grease gun pressure until both
cause of blockage. Refer to original-equipment man-
half round bearings purge.
ufacturer's service manual for removal procedures.
13
Lubrication
Bearing Plate (Full Round) Universal Joints
Series Bolt Recommended N•m
Part Number Bolt Torque
1610 5-73-709 26-35 lbs. ft. 35.3 - 47.5
1710 6-73-209 38-48 lbs. ft. 51.5 - 65.1
1760 6-73-209 38-48 lbs. ft. 51.5 - 65.1
1810 6-73-209 38-48 lbs. ft. 51.5 - 65.1
1880 7-73-315 60-70 lbs. ft. 81.3 - 94.9
The bolt torque specifications refer to Spicer bearing straps and bearing plates only. If using original-equipment bearing straps
and bearing plates, refer to manufacturer’s service manual for proper bolt torque specifications.
Note: Unless otherwise noted all recommended bolt torques are with dry threads.
1. There will occasionally be one or more bearing Snap Ring Universal Joints
assembly seals that will not purge. Release seal ten-
1. There will occasionally be one or more bearing
sion by loosening the bolts holding the bearing
assembly seals that will not purge. If any of the seals
assembly that does not purge. It may be necessary
will not purge, replacement of the universal joint kit
to loosen the bearing assembly approximately 1/16"
is necessary. See the Reassembly - Inboard Slip
minimum. If loosening it does not cause purging,
Style under “Center Bearing Assembly” on page 20
remove the bearing assembly to determine the cause
for proper replacement procedures.
of blockage.
Note: It is essential that all seals be completely purged of old
grease and contaminants. If fresh grease can be seen at
these seals, the purging process is complete, and the
universal joint is properly lubricated.
Note: Spalling and/or brinelling can be caused if contami-
nants (water, air, etc.) are left in the universal joint and/
or the bearing seals. Purge old grease thoroughly.
2. Install new bolts, and torque to specifications in the
above table.
14
Lubrication
Lubrication for Slip Members
Please refer to the Lubrication information in the Component Lubrication of Center Bearing Assemblies
Safety section on page 2.
Spicer center bearings are lubricated for life. No attempt
The grease used for universal joints is satisfactory for slip
should be made to add to or change grease within the bearing
members. Glidecote® and steel splines both use a high qual-
itself.
ity E.P. grease meeting N.L.G.I. Grade 2 specifications.
Grease splines at the intervals recommended in the Lubrica-
tion Intervals table page 11.
1. Apply grease gun pressure to the grease zerk (nip-
ple) fitting until grease appears at the pressure relief
hole in the plug.
Note: For pillow blocks, use original-component manufac-
turer’s recommended greases and lubrication intervals.
Lubrication
2. Now cover the pressure relief hole with your finger
and continue to apply pressure until grease appears
at the slip yoke seal.
Note: Use caution to prevent seal damage when using high
pressure lubrication systems.
15
Disassembly and Reassembly
Disassembly and Reassembly
For procedures used in the removal and installation of Spicer 2. Set the yoke in the arbor press with a piece of tube
Driveshafts from the vehicle, please consult the vehicle manu- stock beneath it. Position the yoke with the universal
facturer’s service manual. This manual concerns itself only joint grease zerk (nipple) fitting pointing up to pre-
with the disassembly and reassembly of driveshaft compo- vent interference during disassembly. Place an
nents. appropriate push rod on the upper bearing assembly,
and press it through to release the lower bearing
assembly.
Universal Joint
Disassembly - Snap Ring Design
Please refer to the Universal Joint information in the Compo-
nent Safety section on page 2.
With the driveshaft removed, the following procedure should
be followed:
1. Using snap ring pliers, remove the snap rings from
the yoke ears.
CAUTION
Do not distort yoke ears with excessive force while in the
arbor press.
3. If the bearing assembly will not pull out by hand after
pressing, grip the bearing cup and pull from the
yoke.
4. Place the yoke in the arbor press with the remaining
bearing cup face down. Using an appropriate push
rod, press on the end of the journal cross trunnion.
Continue to press down on the journal cross trun-
nion until the shoulder of the journal cross makes
contact with the inside of the yoke ear.
5. Repeat steps three and four on the remaining bear-
ing assemblies to remove the cross from the yoke.
6. Inspect all yoke cross hole surfaces for damage.
Raised metal or fretting can be removed from yoke
cross holes with a fine-toothed file and/or emery
cloth.
16
Disassembly and Reassembly
Reassembly - Snap Ring Design 3. Move one end of the journal cross to cause a trun-
Disassembly and
Please refer to the Universal Joint information in the Compo- nion to project through the cross hole beyond the
Reassembly
nent Safety section on page 2. outer machined face of the yoke ear. Check the bear-
ings for skewed or dropped needle rollers. Place the
1. Using a high quality N.L.G.I., grade 2 extreme pres-
bearing cup assembly over the protruding trunnion
sure (E.P.) grease, apply adequate grease to each
diameter and align it to the yoke cross hole. Align the
bearing cup assembly. Fill all the cavities between
yoke in an arbor press with the bearing assembly
the needle rollers, and also apply a liberal coating of
resting on the base of the press. Cover the yoke ear
grease in the bottom of each bearing cup and on the
with a metal plate that has .150" (6.4 mm) minimum
lip of the seal. Be careful not to get grease on the
thickness. Push the yoke onto the bearing cup
outside machined surface of the bearing cup.
assembly until it is flush with the cross hole face.
2. Position the journal cross in the yoke cross holes
with the grease zerk (nipple) fitting inward toward
the tubing. Failure to properly position the univer-
sal joint may result in the inability to lubricate the
universal joint. If using an arbor press, proceed to
Step 3. If using a universal joint installation tool, fol-
low the tool manufacturer’s instructions.
4. Place a push rod that is smaller than the diameter of
the bearing cup assembly under the bearing cup
assembly, and continue pressing into the yoke cross
hole until a snap ring can be installed.
5. Remove the yoke from the arbor press. Install a snap
ring using snap ring pliers.
17
Disassembly and Reassembly
6. Flip the yoke 180°. Check the bearings for skewed or Disassembly - Bearing Plate Style
dropped needle rollers. Place another bearing cup Please refer to the Universal Joint information in the Compo-
assembly over trunnion diameter, and align it to the nent Safety section on page 2.
yoke cross holes. Align the yoke in arbor press with
previously installed bearing cup assembly resting on With the driveshaft removed, see “Inspection” on page 5 for
the base of the press. Place a push rod that is Bearing Plate (Full Round) Yoke Inspection disassembly pro-
smaller than the bearing cup assembly on top of the cedures.
bearing cup assembly. Press bearing cup assembly
into the yoke cross hole until a snap ring can be Reassembly - Bearing Plate Style
installed. Please refer to the Universal Joint information in the Compo-
nent Safety section on page 2.
7. Remove the yoke from the arbor press. Install a snap
ring using snap ring pliers. 1. Remove the cross and bearings from the box and
remove all four bearing assemblies. Rotate the cross
to inspect for the presence of a positive purging
valve in each grease hole of all four trunnions. Then
position the cross into the end yoke with its grease
fitting in line as near as possible with the slip spline
grease fitting. Keep the grease fitting on the inboard
side.
2. Using a high quality N.L.G.I., grade 2 extreme pres-
sure (E.P.) grease, apply adequate grease to each
bearing cup assembly. Fill all the cavities between
the needle rollers, and also apply a liberal coating of
grease in the bottom of each bearing cup and on the
lip of the seal. Be careful not to get grease on the
outside machined surface of the bearing cup.
8. Ensure snap rings are seated into the snap ring 3. Position one end of the cross to cause a trunnion to
grooves. project through the hole beyond the outer machined
face of the yoke lug.
9. Flex the journal cross to make sure it moves freely
by hand. Some resistance is acceptable. If it does
not move freely, tap the yoke ear as shown.
18
Disassembly and Reassembly
4. Place a bearing assembly over the trunnion diameter 7. When the bearing assembly is completely seated,
Disassembly and
and align it to the cross hole. put the lock plate tab (if used) in place and use the
Reassembly
"Grade 8" cap screws furnished with the universal
joint and insert them through the cap screw holes in
both the lock strap and/or the bearing plate assem-
bly. Thread by hand or with a wrench into the tapped
holes in the yoke. Do not torque down the bolts.
Note: The self-locking bolt design for full round yokes uses
serrated bolts with lock patch and does not require a
lock strap. DO NOT reuse any retaining bolt. If loosening
or removal of a bolt is necessary, replace it with a new
one.
5. Holding the trunnion in alignment with the cross
hole, install the bearing assembly by hand until it is
flush with the face of the end yoke. If the universal
joint bearing cap is pressed into place, the bearings
and bearing surfaces could be damaged.
6. If the bearing assembly binds in the cross hole, tap it
with a soft-faced hammer directly on the center
bearing assembly. Do not tap the outer edges of the
bearing assembly.
8. Move the cross laterally to the opposite side and
through the cross hole, beyond the machined sur-
face of the yoke lug. Place a bearing assembly over
the cross trunnion and slide it into the cross hole,
seating the plate to the face of the lug. Thread the
bolts by hand or with a wrench into tapped holes in
the yoke.
Note: Projecting the trunnion through a cross hole beyond the
machined surface of the lug will provide a surface to
help align the bearing assembly with the cross hole.
9. For flange yoke applications, install the flange yoke,
bearing assemblies, and bolts at this time.
CAUTION
Exact fit of all driveline components is extremely important.
The correct parts and clean mating services are essential
for safe operation, long life, and good repair.
19
Disassembly and Reassembly
Center Bearing Assembly
3. Mark the counterbore of the coupling shaft end yoke
to midship “nose” with a marking stick, paint marker
or other legible marking device. This assures proper
reassembly of the coupling shaft end yoke in its orig-
inal phased position.
Disassembly - Inboard Slip Style
Please refer to the Center Bearing information in the Compo-
nent Safety section on page 2.
4. Using a puller, follow the tool manufacturer’s
This information includes procedures for disassembling SAE,
instructions to remove the end fitting. The end fitting
DIN, and T-Type Companion Flange / Flange Yoke, Quick Dis-
has a press fit and should NOT be removed with a
connect, and Bearing Plate Styles.
hammer. If the end fitting is loose enough to be
1. Remove the midship nut. Reference the midship nut removed by hand, the entire coupling shaft must be
specification in the Midship Nut Specifications table. replaced. Remove and discard the slinger from the
Discard the nut. If the washer is damaged, discard yoke.
and replace it. Otherwise, reuse the washer.
Note: The midship nut can be removed when the coupling
shaft is still in the vehicle. For coupling shaft removal,
please refer to original-equipment manufacturer’s ser-
vice document.
5. Visually inspect the splines of the center bearing end
yoke. If the yoke splines are damaged, missing or
twisted, the yoke must be replaced. If the yoke hub
has cracked, the yoke must be replaced.
6. Visually inspect the midship splines and threads. If
2. Remove driveshaft per original-equipment manufac- the splines or threads are damaged, missing or
turers instructions, and then place the driveshaft in twisted, replacement of the entire coupling shaft is
v-blocks. necessary.
20
Disassembly and Reassembly
7. On some Spicer center bearing assemblies, a metal 10. Using a puller, follow the tool manufacturer’s
Disassembly and
retainer spans the outside center bearing bracket. If instructions to remove the bearing assembly from
Reassembly
the metal retainer is present, remove it and discard. the midship. Discard the center bearing.
8. Remove and discard the center bearing bracket. 11. Inspect the midship for wear on the bearing diame-
ter. If the midship is damaged from a seized bearing,
replacement of the entire coupling shaft is neces-
sary.
9. Remove and discard the rubber cushion.
12. If no damage is apparent, remove the slinger, and
proceed to the installation of the center bearing,
described in the "Reassembly - Inboard Slip Style"
section.
21
Disassembly and Reassembly
Midship Nut Specifications Table
Series Nut Nut Washer Head Size Nut Torque
Part Number Catalog Color Part Number N•m lbs. ft.
1310 231781 cadium plate 230123-12 15/16" 136-163 100-120
& wax 230123-14
1310 10-74-101 cadium plate 230123-12 15/16" 136-163 100-120
(Toyota Only) & wax 230123-14
1410 16-74-101 silver 230123-15 1-5/16" 373-440 275-325
1480 16-74-101 black 230123-15 1-5/16" 542-610 400-450
1480 16-74-101 silver 230123-15 1-5/16" 373-440 275-352
1550 231502 black none 1-5/8" 644-712 475-530
1610 231502 black none 1-5/8" 644-712 475-525
1710 20-74-91 black 230123-6 1-5/8" 644-712 475-525
1710 231502 black none 1-5/8" 644-712 475-525
1760 20-74-91 black 230123-6 1-5/8" 644-712 475-525
1810 20-74-91 black 230123-6 1-5/8" 644-712 475-525
Disassembly - Outboard Slip Style 5. Remove and discard the center bearing bracket.
1. Mark the slip yoke barrel and midship tube shaft with
a marking stick, paint marker, or other legible mark-
ing device. This ensures proper reassembly of the
mating components in their original phased position.
6. Remove and discard the rubber cushion.
2. Refer to original-equipment manufacturer's instruc-
tions for removal of the coupling shaft.
3. Visually inspect midship tube shaft, looking for wear
on spline surface. If splines are damaged, missing or
twisted, or Glidecote® is missing, replacement of
entire coupling shaft is necessary.
4. On some Spicer center bearing assemblies, a metal
retainer spans the outside center bearing bracket. If
the metal retainer is present, remove it and discard.
22
Disassembly and Reassembly
7. Using a puller, follow the tool manufacturer’s Reassembly - Inboard Slip Style
Disassembly and
instructions to remove the bearing assembly from Please refer to the Center Bearing information in the Compo-
Reassembly
the midship. Discard the center bearing. nent Safety section on page 2.
This information pertains to SAE, DIN, and T-Type Companion
Flange/Flange Yoke, Quick Disconnect, and Bearing Plate
styles.
1. Wipe the bearing surface of the midship tube shaft
with a fine emery cloth.
2. Install a new slinger (included in the center bearing
replacement parts kit) on the midship tube shaft. Use
a section of tubing to avoid damaging the slinger.
Make sure the slinger is completely seated against
the midship tube shaft shoulder.
3. Before installing the new center bearing assembly,
8. Inspect the midship for wear on the bearing diame- be sure to fill the entire cavity around the bearing
ter. If the midship is damaged from a seized bearing, with a waterproof lubricant.
replacement of the entire coupling shaft is neces-
Enough lubricant must be applied to fill the cavity to
sary.
the extreme edge of the slinger surrounding the
bearing. Lubricants must be waterproof.
9. If no damage is apparent, remove the slinger and
proceed to the installation of the center bearing,
Recommended Center Bearing Lubricants
described in the "Reassembly - Outboard Slip Style"
section. Lubricants Source
Rykon Premium No. 3 Amoco Oil Company
Amolith 8516 Amoco Oil Company
Van Talgar No. 4 Exxon Company
23
Disassembly and Reassembly
4. Carefully align the new center bearing assembly with 1. Visually inspect the midship washer (if applicable)
the ground surface of the midship tube shaft. Install for flatness, corrosion, or cracks. If the washer is
the center bearing onto the midship tube shaft. Mini- bent, corroded, or cracked, the washer must be
mal force should be necessary to push the center replaced.
bearing onto the midship tube shaft, provided the
shaft and bearing are in alignment.
5. Install the remaining slinger on the end yoke using a
section of tubing to avoid damaging the slinger.
2. Thoroughly clean midship threads with mineral spir-
its. Wipe the midship threads dry with a clean, dry
rag. Do not use a wire brush to clean threads. This
may distort the midship threads and result in the
midship not being able to properly retain the midship
6. Make sure that the phasing marks from driveshaft
nut.
removal are aligned, and using an installation tool,
press the yoke onto the midship tube shaft. Do not 3. Thoroughly clean the midship washer (if applicable)
strike yoke with hammer or use midship nut to and the inboard, machined face of the end fitting
install yoke. with mineral spirits. Wipe components with a clean,
dry cloth.
7. Installation of the driveshaft onto the vehicle can
now proceed. Refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s 4. Do not apply any additional compounds to midship
documentation for installation procedures. See the threads, washer (if applicable), or nut. These com-
Midship Nut information in the Component Safety pounds may interfere with the adhesive that is pre-
section on page 2. applied to the midship nut and will be detrimental to
its effectiveness. Unacceptable compounds include,
Midship Nut Installation Procedure
but are not limited to:
Only work on components when they are cool to the touch.
Installing the midship nut onto a threaded midship which is • thread lockers, such as Loctite.™
above the ambient temperature will cause the adhesive to cure
• anti-seizing compounds, such as Never-Seez.™
too rapidly, and the midship nut may not install correctly.
• lubricants, such as oil, grease, silicone, graph-
Do not use the midship nut to pull the end fitting onto the ite, or soap.
midship. This may result in improper seating of the end fitting
5. Install the midship washer (if applicable) onto the
and will begin the curing of the midship nut adhesive. As a
midship and up against the machined surface of the
result, the midship nut may not install correctly.
end fitting.
6. By hand, start the midship nut onto the midship
threads until it will no longer spin freely. Use a
socket and a torque wrench with a suggested range
of 600 lbs. ft. (800 N•m) or equivalent device capa-
ble of installing the midship nut to a final torque at a
maximum rate of 120 rpm. (Refer to the Midship Nut
Specifications table for proper socket size and
torque specs.)
24
Disassembly and Reassembly
Reassembly - Outboard Slip Style
Disassembly and
1. Wipe the bearing surface of the midship tube shaft
Reassembly
with a fine emery cloth.
2. Install a new slinger (included in the center bearing
replacement parts kit) on the midship tube shaft,
using a section of tubing to avoid damaging the
slinger. Make sure the slinger is completely seated
against the midship tube shaft shoulder.
3. When replacing a center bearing assembly, be sure
to fill the entire cavity around the bearing with a
waterproof lubricant. Enough lubricant must be
applied to fill the cavity to the extreme edge of the
slinger surrounding the bearing. Refer to the below
table.
Recommended Center Bearing Lubricants
Lubricants Source
Rykon Premium No. 3 Amoco Oil Company
Amolith 8516 Amoco Oil Company
Van Talgar No. 4 Exxon Company
4. Carefully align the new center bearing assembly with
the ground surface of the midship tube shaft. Physi-
cally push the center bearing onto the midship tube
shaft. Minimal force should be necessary to push the
center bearing onto the midship tube shaft provided
the shaft and bearing are in alignment.
5. Press the remaining slinger on the midship tube
shaft using a section of tubing to avoid damaging the
slinger.
6. Installation of the driveshaft onto the vehicle can
now proceed. Refer to the vehicle manufacturer's
documentation for installation procedures. Ensure
phasing marks are aligned on mating components.
25
Disassembly and Reassembly
Grease Zerk (Nipple) Fittings or Plugs
For procedures used in the removal and installation of Spicer
Driveshafts from the vehicle, please consult the vehicle manu-
facturer’s service manual.
Once the driveshaft has been removed or the defective grease
zerk (nipple) fitting or plug is accessible, follow the steps
listed in the Disassembly - Universal Joint section on page 16
for replacement. Please refer to the Lubrication information in
the Component Safety section page 2.
Universal Joints and Slip Member Assembly
1. Tilt the universal joint or flange yoke and universal
joint to allow access to the defective grease zerk
(nipple) fitting or plug. Using pliers or an open-
ended wrench, turn the grease zerk (nipple) fitting or
plug counter-clockwise until it is removed from the
journal cross or slip member assembly. Discard the
grease zerk (nipple) fitting or plug.
2. Check the threads in the journal or slip member. If
threads are damaged, replacement of the universal
joint or slip member is necessary. See disassembly
procedures for universal joints and slip member in
the Disassembly and Reassembly section on
page 16.
3. Thoroughly wipe the grease zerk (nipple) fitting or
plug threaded hole.
4. Install the new grease zerk (nipple) fitting or plug.
Tighten to a minimum 40-55 lbs. in. (4.5 - 6.2 N•m).
Continue to turn only until the grease zerk (nipple)
fitting is correctly positioned.
Universal Joint Grease Zerk (Nipple) Fitting and Plug
Torque
Minimum Zerk Torque
Part Number Description N•m lbs. in.
500174-1 .250-28 NF 4.5 - 6.2 40 - 55
Tapered Thread
500168-2 .125-27 PTF 4.5 - 6.2 40 - 55
26
Glossary
Glossary
Alignment Bar A device (gauge) used to check yoke cross hole alignment.
Ball Yoke See Tube Yoke.
Bearing Cross Hole See Cross Hole.
Bearing Cup Assembly Consists of a bearing cup with needle rollers, generally held in place by a seal guard and bear-
ing seal. Sometimes the assembly includes a thrust washer.
Bearing Cup A cup-shaped member used as the bearing bore of a bearing cup assembly and for positioning
a thrust end of a cross trunnion.
Bearing Seal A flexible member of a bearing cup assembly that prevents the escape of grease from or entry
of foreign matter into a bearing.
Bearing Strap A narrow, stamped metal plate used to retain a bearing cup assembly in a half round end yoke
Glossary
or flange yoke design.
Center Bearing Consists of a rolling element bearing isolated in rubber and a bracket configuration for attach-
ment to the vehicle frame.
Companion Flange A fixed flange member that attaches a driveshaft to another drivetrain component.
Coupling Shaft The coupling member or members of a multiple-piece driveline, which consists of a universal
joint, tube, center bearing, and a slip or fixed spline shaft.
Coupling Shaft Length The distance between the outermost universal joint centers on a driveshaft. On coupling shafts
(Centerline to Centerline) with fixed centers, it is the nominal dimension.
Cross See Journal Cross.
Cross Hole A through hole in each lug ear of a yoke used to locate a bearing assembly.
Deflector See Slinger.
Driveline An assembly of one or more coupling shafts and a driveshaft with provisions for axial move-
ment, which transmits torque and/or rotary motion at a fixed or varying angular relationship
from one drivetrain component to another.
Driveshaft An assembly of one or two universal joints connected to a tubular shaft member, which
accommodates axial movement.
Driveshaft Length The distance between the outermost universal joint centers on a driveshaft. On driveshafts with
(Centerline to Centerline) variable length centers, driveshaft length is usually measured in the compressed or installed
lengths.
Ear One of two projecting parts of a yoke symmetrically located with respect to the rotation axis of
the yoke.
End Fitting An end yoke or companion flange (including SAE, DIN, and T-Type styles) that attaches a
driveshaft to another drivetrain component.
End Yoke A half round yoke that attaches a driveshaft to another drivetrain component.
Flange Yoke A full round or half round style yoke that attaches a driveshaft to a companion flange.
Flinger See Slinger.
Glidecote® The blue, nylon, wear-resistant coating on Spicer yoke shafts and tube shafts.
Grease Zerk (Nipple) Fitting The fitting on the shoulder or center of a journal cross or on a greaseable slip spline that allows
for lubrication.
27
Glossary
Half Round Cross Hole A semicircular hole located on the end of each lug ear of some end yoke and flange yoke
designs used to locate a bearing cup assembly.
Inboard Bearing Assembly Contained in inboard yoke.
Inboard Yokes Yokes that make up the ends of a driveshaft or coupling shaft assembly, i.e. tube yokes, slip
yokes, yoke shafts, and center bearing end yokes.
Journal Cross The core component of a universal joint, which is an intermediate drive member with four
equally spaced trunnions in the same plane.
Lug Ear See Ear.
Midship Shaft A machined element consisting of spline teeth, a pilot for a center bearing, and a piloting hub
that attaches to the tube of a coupling shaft assembly.
Needle Rollers One of the rolling elements of a bearing cup assembly.
Nib See Tang.
Outboard Bearing Assembly Contained in an outboard yoke.
Outboard Yokes Yokes that are not a part of a driveshaft or coupling shaft assembly, i.e. transmission, axle,
transfer case end yokes.
Phase Angle The relative rotational position for each yoke on a driveshaft or driveline.
Pillow Block Consists usually of a rolling element bearing and a bracket configuration for attachment.
Pressure Relief Hole A hole in the welch plug of Spicer slip yokes that allows air to escape from the slip member
assembly.
Purge The act of flushing old grease and contaminants from universal joints and slip member assem-
blies with fresh grease.
Retaining Ring See Snap Ring.
Retaining Ring Groove See Snap Ring Groove.
Round Bearing Assembly See Bearing Cup Assembly.
Seal Guard A covering member used to protect a bearing seal on the bearing cup assembly.
Serrated Flange See T-Flange.
Shaft Support Bearing See Center Bearing.
Slinger A stamped metal or non-metal ring, which prevents the entry of foreign matter into a center
bearing, transmission, axle, or transfer case.
Slip The total permissible length of axial travel.
Slip Yoke A yoke that accommodates axial movement.
Slip Yoke Plug See Weld Plug.
Slip Yoke Seal Pop-on or threaded ring that contains a seal that protects the slip member assembly from envi-
ronmental contaminants and retains grease.
Snap Ring A removable member used as a shoulder to retain and position a bearing cup assembly in a
yoke cross hole.
Snap Ring Groove A groove used to locate a snap ring.
Spline A machined element consisting of integral keys (spline teeth) or keyways (spaces) equally
spaced around a circle or portion thereof.
28
Glossary
Stub Shaft See Tube Shaft.
Tang A nib of metal found on half round end yoke and/or flange yoke style cross holes, used to
locate a bearing cup assembly.
T-Flange A companion flange and flange yoke design, which has a serrated flange face. Found most
often in European applications.
T-Type Flange See T-Flange.
Thrust Washer A washer found in the bottom of a bearing cup assembly that reduces needle roller friction and
bearing heat, and guards against end galling on the journal cross trunnions.
Tube The tubular connecting member of a driveshaft. Pipe or piping is not an equivalent.
Tubing See Tube.
Tube O.D. The outside diameter (O.D.) of a tube.
Glossary
Tube Yoke An inboard yoke with a piloting hub for attachment to a tube or spline sleeve.
Tube Shaft A machined element consisting of spline teeth and a piloting hub that attaches to the tube of a
driveshaft assembly.
Trunnion(s) Any of four projecting journals of a cross.
Universal Joint A mechanical device that can transmit torque and/or rotary motion from one shaft to another at
fixed or varying angles of intersection of the shaft axes. Usually consisting of a journal cross,
grease zerk (nipple) fitting, and four bearing cup assemblies.
U-Joint See Universal Joint.
Welch Plug A plug in the slip yoke face that seals off one end of the spline opening. Also known as a slip
yoke plug.
Weld Yoke See Tube Yoke.
Yoke Lug Ear Cross Hole See Cross Hole.
Yoke Shaft A slip member yoke with a male machined spline used for axial movement.
29
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Dana® Spicer ® Driveshaft
Application Guidelines
Application Guidelines DSAG-0200 May 2004
Table of Contents
Driveline Sizing Driveline Analysis
Specifying a Spicer Driveline ......................................2 Driveline Analysis ..................................................... 11
Driveline Specification Criteria ............................2 Design Criteria .................................................. 11
Application Definitions ........................................2 Torsional and Inertial Excitation ............................... 11
Calculating Maximum Low Gear Torque .............3 Center Bearing Loading ............................................ 15
Calculating Maximum Driveshaft Torque ............5
Application Guidelines .........................................6
10 Series Graph ........................................6
SPL Graph .................................................7
Appendix
Application Form...................................................... 17
Spicer Standard Tube Sizes ..................................... 19
Joint Life vs. Joint Angle .......................................... 20
Critical Speed Charts ...................................................................... 21
Critical Speed .............................................................8 Snap Ring Cross Holes ..................................... 21
Standard Equation ......................................................8 Half Round Cross Holes .................................... 22
Simplified Equations ...................................................8 SPL Full Round Cross Holes ............................. 23
Adjusted Critical Speed ..............................................9 SPL Half Round Cross Holes ............................ 24
Maximum Driveshaft Length ......................................9 Joint Kit Attaching Hardware and Torque Specs ...... 25
U-bolts .............................................................. 25
Bearing Strap .................................................... 25
Center Bearing Mounting Cap and Bolts ................................................... 26
Center Bearing Mounting ..........................................10 Bearing Plate .................................................... 26
Bearing Retainer ............................................... 27
Spring Tab ........................................................ 27
Revisions from: 10/06/03
- Formulas simplified to make calculations easier
on pages 3-5.
- Joint Kit Attaching Hardware updated.
- Book structure updated.
Revised date: 03/15/04
Driveline Sizing
Specifying a Spicer Driveline
Driveline Sizing
Driveline Specification Criteria
Prime Factors:
• Net torque input
• Baseline duty cycle
- On-highway tractor - 80,000 lbs. CGW
• Modifiers (+/- factors)
- Duty cycle (vocation)
- Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW/GCW)
- Rear axle ratio
- Universal joint working angle
Application Definitions
• Domestic applications - restricted to the continental United States and Canada.
- On-highway - operation on well-maintained, concrete and asphalt roadways including turnpikes, inter-
states, and state routes with not more than 10% off-highway operation.
- Off-highway - operation on unimproved dirt or gravel roads, as well as, poorly maintained paved roads,
more than 10% of the time.
- Line haul - operation on well maintained concrete and asphalt roadways including turnpikes, interstates,
and state routes 100% of the time.
• Export applications - outside of the continental United States and Canada.
Driveline sizing for export applications is based on Maximum Driveshaft Torque only (see “Calculating
Maximum Driveshaft Torque (Export Applications)” on page 5).
2
Driveline Sizing
Calculating Maximum Low Gear Torque
Step 1 - Low Gear Torque Calculation
LGT = T x TLGR x TE x SR x TCR x C
LGT = Maximum Driveshaft Low Gear Torque
T = Net Engine Torque or 95% of the Gross Engine Torque
TLGR = Transmission Low Gear Ratio (forward)*
TE = Transmission Efficiency (automatic = 0.8; manual = 0.85)
SR = Torque Converter Stall Ratio (if applicable)
TCR = Transfer Case Ratio (if applicable)
C = Transfer Case Efficiency (if applicable, 0.95)
* Some applications require deep reduction transmissions for speed-controlled operations such as paving and pouring.
In these applications it may be more appropriate to use the second lowest forward transmission ratio to calculate the
Maximum Low Gear Torque. To use the second lowest forward gear ratio to calculate LGT, all three of the following
conditions must be met:
1. Lowest forward gear ratio numerically greater than 16:1.
2. Split between the lowest forward gear ratio and the second lowest forward gear ratio is greater than 50%.
3. Startability Index must be greater than 25 (see below calculation).
Startability Index Calculation
SI = (T x TR x AR x TCR x 942.4) / (RR x GCW)
SI = Startability Index
T = Engine Clutch Engagement Torque at 800 RPM
TR = Transmission Second Lowest Forward Gear Ratio
AR = Axle Ratio
TCR = Transfer Case Ratio (if applicable)
RR = Tire Rolling Radius (in)
GCW = Maximum Gross Combination Weight (lbs)
Step 2 - Wheel Slip Calculation
WST = (.71 x W x RR) / (11.4 x AR)
WST = Wheel Slip Torque Applied to the Driveshaft
W = Axle Capacity (lbs)
RR = Tire Rolling Radius (in)
AR = Axle Ratio
3
Driveline Sizing
Step 3 - Gradeability Calculation
Calculate the torque required for 25% gradeability.
Note: For Linehaul applications with 3.10 axle ratio or numerically larger only.
GT = (.265 x RR x GVW) / (11.4 x AR)
GT = Net Driveline Torque at 25% Gradeability
RR = Tire Rolling Radius (in)
GVW = Gross Vehicle Weight (lbs)
AR = Axle Ratio
Torque Calculations
Step 4 - Overall Low Gear Ratio Calculation
OLGR = TLGR x SR x TCR
OLGR = Overall Low Gear Ratio
TLGR = Transmission Low Gear Ratio
SR = Torque Converter Stall Ratio (if applicable)
TCR = Transfer Case Ratio (if applicable)
Step 5 - Driveline Series Selection
To select a driveline series:
1. Use the torque determined from Steps 1, 2, and 3 with the overall low gear ratio (OLGR) from Step 4 to find
the applicable series for each torque value.
2. Find the appropriate driveline series for SPL or Ten Series using the “Application Guidelines” on page 6 & 7.
3. Use the smallest series for the main driveline series, as determined from Steps 1, 2, and 3.
Note: The selected driveline series can not be more than one series smaller than the series selected from Step 1 (LGT).
Step 6 - Specifying the Interaxle Driveline (if applicable)
To specify the interaxle driveline, use:
1. 60% of the Driveline Series Selection torque from Step 5 and the OLGR from Step 4.
2. Find the appropriate interaxle driveline series for SPL or Ten Series using the “Application Guidelines” on
page 6 & 7.
Note: High angle (45°) interaxle driveshafts are available in SPL-170 and 1710 Series only.
4
Driveline Sizing
Calculating Maximum Driveshaft Torque (Export Applications)
Step 1 - Low Gear Torque Calculation
LGT = T x TLGR x TE x SR x TCR x C
LGT = Maximum Driveshaft Low Gear Torque
T = Net Engine Torque or 95% of the Gross Engine Torque
TLGR = Transmission Low Gear Ratio (forward)
TE = Transmission Efficiency (automatic = 0.8; manual = 0.85)
SR = Torque Converter Stall Ratio (if applicable)
TCR = Transfer Case Ratio (if applicable)
C = Transfer Case Efficiency (if applicable, 0.95)
Step 2 - Overall Low Gear Ratio Calculation
OLGR = TLGR x SR x TCR
OLGR = Overall Low Gear Ratio
TLGR = Transmission Low Gear Ratio
SR = Torque Converter Stall Ratio (if applicable)
TCR = Transfer Case Ratio (if applicable)
Step 3 - Driveline Series Selection
To select a driveline series:
1. Use the torque determined from Step 1 with the overall low gear ratio (OLGR) from Step 2 to find the applica-
ble series from the appropriate Driveline Sizing graph. See “Application Guidelines” on page 6 & 7.
Step 4 - Specifying the Interaxle Driveline (if applicable)
To specify the interaxle driveline, use:
1. 60% of the Driveline Series Selection torque from Step 3 and the OLGR from Step 2.
2. Find the appropriate interaxle driveline series for SPL or Ten Series using the “Application Guidelines” on
page 6 & 7.
Note: High angle (45°) interaxle driveshafts are available in SPL-170 and 1710 Series only.
5
Driveline Sizing
Application Guidelines
10 Series Graph
Application Guidelines
for Medium and Heavy Duty Trucks
Nm Nm
lbs. ft. lbs. ft.
40,000
29,500
30,000
22,125 28,750
21,200
Application Guidelines
1880
Maximum Net
22,370
Driveshaft Torque
16,500
20,000
14,750 1810HD
16,540
12,200
1810 1760HD 13,830
1760 10,200
1710HD
10,440
10,000
7,700
7,375
1710 7,730
5,700
1610 5,290
1550 3,900
4,070
3,000
2,000
1480
1,475
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Low Gear Ratio
6
Driveline Sizing
SPL Graph
Application Guidelines
for Medium and Heavy Duty Trucks
Nm Nm
lbs. ft. lbs. ft.
40,000
29,500
30,000
22,125
25,000
Maximum Net 18,450
SPL 250HD 22,000
Driveshaft Torque
16,220
20,000
14,750 SPL 250
17,000
12,550
SPL 170 14,000
10,330
SPL 140HD
10,000 10,000
7,375 SPL 140 7,375
7,730
5,700
SPL 100 5,288
SPL 70 3,900
4,068
3,000
2,000 SPL 55
1,475
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Low Gear Ratio
7
Critical Speed
Critical Speed
Critical speed is defined as: The speed at which the rotational speed of the driveshaft coincides with the natural fre-
quency of the shaft.
Standard Equation
CS = 30 E x 386.4 (O 2 + I 2)
P x L4 x 16
CS = Critical Speed
E = Modulus of tubing material (psi)
O* = Outside Diameter of Tubing (in)
I* = Inside Diameter of Tubing (in)
P = Density of Tubing Material (lbs/in3)
L = Distance Between Journal Cross Centers (in)
* Refer to “Spicer Standard Tube Sizes” on page 19 for tube dimensions.
Material Properties
Material Modulus Density E/P x 386.4
Critical Speed
Steel 30.00 x 106 0.2830 41.0 x 109
Aluminum 10.30 x 106 0.0980 39.4 x 109
Simplified Equations
Steel:
4.769 x 10 6
CS = O2+I2
L2
Aluminum:
4.748 x 10 6
CS = O2+I2
L2
CS = Critical Speed
L = Distance Between Journal Cross Centers (in)
O = Outside Diameter of Tubing (in)
I = Inside Diameter of Tubing (in)
Note: The theoretical values and the simplified equation values are the same for the material constants provided.
8
Critical Speed
Adjusted Critical Speed
ACS = TC x CF x SF
ACS = Adjusted Critical Speed
TC = Theoretical Critical
CF = Correction Factor
SF = Safety Factor
Suggested factors for Adjusted Critical Speed:
Safety Factor = 0.75
Correction Factor
Outboard Slip = 0.92
Inboard Slip = 0.75
Maximum Driveshaft Length
Refer to the TMC Recommended Practice RP610A Chart 3 for maximum driveshaft length vs. RPM guidelines.
The general length limitations are as follows:
Tube O.D. Maximum Length
3.0 in. 60 in.
3.5 in. 65 in.
4.0 in. 70 in.
4.2 in. 72 in.
4.3 in. 73 in.
4.5 in. 75 in.
5.0 in. 80 in.
9
Center Bearing Mounting
Center Bearing Mounting
Center Bearing Mounting
Spicer heavy duty center bearings must be mounted within 3° of perpendicular to the coupling shaft centerline as
shown in Figure 1 below OR the center bearing assembly must not operate at a linear offset greater than 1/8" as shown
in Figure 2.
Figure 1
Top View
Side View
Figure 2
Side View
10
Driveline Analysis
Driveline Analysis
Design Criteria
• Torsional Vibration
• Inertial Vibration
• Center Bearing Loading
Torsional and Inertial Excitation
Driveline Layout
Top View
0.67 D B 0.8 C 0
0 A
-4 A -1.3 D B -0.05
C -250
Side View
y
+
x Unit: Degree
Calculate Joint Angles
Y
Side View
o
284.1
0.67
X
Top View
-2.70
2.78
View from Rear of Driveline
To find the true joint angle of each joint, first find the top-view and side-view angles of each joint. The top-view angle of
Joint A is equal to 0.67 - 0.00 = 0.67 and the side-view joint angle of Joint A is equal to (-4.0) - (-1.3) = -2.70. By putting
the top-view angle (0.67) to the X-axis and the side-view angle (-2.70) to the Y-axis, the true joint angle of Joint A is
equal to 2.78 ∠ 284.1 degrees.
Note: The true joint angle is a vector: the 2.78 degrees is the magnitude and the 284.1 degree is the argument. The true
joint angles of joints A, B, and C are shown in the following chart.
11
Driveline Analysis
Trans U-joint U-joint Axle U-joint
(A) degrees (B) degrees (C) degrees
Joint Angle - Top View 0.67 0.13 -0.80
Joint Angle - Side View -2.70 -1.25 2.45
True Joint Angle Θ 2.78 1.26 2.58
Plane of True Joint Angle φ 284.10 276.01 108.29
Calculate Torsional and Inertia Excitation
Calculate the torsional effect:
Θ res = (|Θ1 | _ φ1 ) +(|Θ2 | _ (φ2 - 90°- δ1)) +(|Θ3 | _ (φ3 - δ2 - δ1))
2 2 2
(1) When δ1= 0 deg, δ2= 0 deg.
= (2.78 _ 284.1° )2 + (1.26 _ (276.01- 90)° )2 + (2.58 _ 108.29° )2
= (7.7284 _-151.8° ) + (1.5876 _ 12.02° ) + (6.6564 _-143.42)
= (12.8667 _-145.4° )
= 3.5870° _-72.75°
Driveline Analysis
rad
3.3405x 10-6 (2368rpm )2 (3.5870° )2 = 241.0154
sec 2
(2) When δ1= 0 deg, δ2= 90 deg.
= (2.78 _ 284.1° )2 + (1.26 _ (276.01- 90)° )2 + (2.58 _ (108.29 - 90) )2
= (7.7284 _-151.8° ) + (1.5876 _ 12.02° ) + (6.6564 _ 36.58)
= (0.65124 _ 82.32° )
= 0.80699° _ 41.162°
rad
3.3405x 10-6 (2368rpm )2 (0.80699° )2 = 12.1988
sec 2
(3) When δ1= 90 deg, δ2= 90 deg.
= (2.78 _ 284.1 )2 + (1.26 _ (276.01- 90 - 90) )2 + (2.58 _ (108.29 - 90 - 90) )2
= (7.7284 _-151.8° ) + (1.5876 _-167.98° ) + (6.6564 _-143.42)
= (15.847236 _ 149.89° )
= 3.98085° _-74.94°
rad
3.3405x 10-6 (2368rpm )2 (3.98085° )2 = 296.84
sec 2
12
Driveline Analysis
(4) When δ1= 90 deg, δ2= 0 deg.
= (2.78 _ 284.1 )2 + (1.26 _ (276.01- 90 - 90) )2 + (2.58 _ (108.29 - 90) )2
= (7.7284 _-151.8° ) + (1.5876 _-167.98° ) + (6.6564_ 36.58)
= (3.018639 _-179.699° )
= 1.737423° _-89.84°
rad
3.3405x 10-6 (2368rpm )2 (1.737423° )2 = 56.54
sec 2
Calculate the inertia drive effects:
ΘD = 2(|Θ1 | _ φ1 )2 +(|Θ2 | _ (φ2 - 90°- δ1))2
(1) When δ1= 0 deg, δ2= 0 deg or δ1= 0 deg, δ2= 90 deg.
= 2(2.78 _ 284.1° )2 +(1.26 _ (276.01- 90)°)2
= (15.4568 _-151.8° )+(1.5876 _ 12.02° )
= (13.939105 _-149.98° )
= 3.733511° _-74.99°
rad
3.3405x 10-6 (2368rpm )2 (3.733511° )2 = 261.10
sec 2
(2) When δ1= 90 deg, δ2= 90 deg or δ1= 90 deg, δ2= 0 deg.
= 2(2.78 _ 284.1° )2 +(1.26 _ (276.01- 90 - 90)°)2
= (15.4568 _-151.8° )+(1.5876 _-167.98° )
= (16.987278 _-153.29° )
= 4.12156° _-76.64°
rad
3.3405x 10-6 (2368rpm )2 (4.12156° )2 = 318.19
sec 2
Calculate the inertia coast effects:
ΘC = 2(|Θ3 | _ φ3 )2 +(|Θ2 | _ ( φ2 + 90°+ δ 2))2
(1) When δ1= 0 deg, δ2= 0 deg or δ1= 90 deg, δ2= 0 deg.
= 2(2.58 _ 108.29° )2 +(1.26 _ (276.01+ 90)°)2
= (13.3128 _-143.42° )+(1.5876 _ 12.02° )
= (11.887165 _-140.24° )
= 3.44777 _-70.11°
rad
3.3405x 10-6 (2368rpm )2 (3.44777 ° )2 = 222.66
sec 2
13
Driveline Analysis
(2) When δ1= 0 deg, δ2= 90 deg or δ1= 90 deg, δ2= 90 deg.
= 2(2.58 _ 108.29° )2 +(1.26 _ (276.01+ 90 + 90)°)2
= (13.3128 _-143.42° )+(1.5876 _-167.98° )
= (14.77151_-145.98° )
= 3.84337 _-72.99°
rad
3.3405x 10-6 (2368rpm )2 (3.84337 ° )2 = 276.69
sec2
Note: The recommended torsional excitation level is 300 rad/sec2 or less. The recommended inertia excitation level is
1000 rad/sec2 or less.
Calculate the torque fluctuations:
The mass moment of inertia of the following items are approximately equal to:
lbf-in-sec2
Transmission 2.33
Axle 2.53
1760 Driveshaft 1.3
Driveline Analysis
(1) The torque fluctuation at the axle end is:
T axle = T torsional,axle + T inertia,drive
= J axle torsional + J driveshaft drive
= (2.53)(241.01)+ (1.3)(261.10)
= 949.18in - lb
= 79.1ft - lb
(2) The torque fluctuation at the transmission end is:
T transmission = T torsional,transmission + T inertia,coast
= J transmission torsional + J driveshaft coast
= (2.33)(241.01)+ (1.3)(222.66)
= 851.01in - lb
= 70.92ft - lb
14
Driveline Analysis
Center Bearing Loading
Calculate Static / Dynamic Center Bearing Load
Static
1 T AB
= { sin a° _ (φ a + 90)°+( tan b°- sin b° ) _ (φb + 90)°
2 AB - DB BC
AB
+ tan c° _ (φc - 90)° }
BC
1 12214x12
= { sin 2.78° _ (284.1+ 90)°
2 (40.-6.2)
40.
+ ( tan 1.26°- sin 1.26° ) _ (276.01+ 90)°
44.34
40.
+ tan 2.58° _ (108.29 - 90)° }
44.34
= 2168.1657{(0.0485 _ 374.1° )+(0.0022_ 366.01° )+(0.0406 _ 18.29° )}
= 2168.1657(0.0912_ 15.77 ° )
= 197.7738lbs _ 15.77 °
Dynamic
1 T AB
= { sin a° _ (90 - φa )°+( tan b°+ sin b) _ (90 - φb + 2δ 1)°
2 AB - DB BC
AB
+ tan c° _ (90 - φc + 2δ 1 + 2δ 2)° }
BC
(1) When δ1= 0 deg, δ2= 0 deg.
1 12214x12
= { sin 2.78° _ (90 - 284.1)°
2 (40.-6.2)
40.
+ ( tan 1.26°+ sin 1.26° )_ (90 - 276.01)°
44.34
40.
+ tan 2.58° _ (90 - 108.29)° }
44.34
= 2168.1657{(0.0485 _-194.1° )+(0.0418 _-186.01° )+(0.0406 _-18.29° )}
= 2168.1657(0.0502_ 176. ° )
= 108.7635lbs _ 176. °
15
Driveline Analysis
(2) When δ1= 0 deg, δ2= 90 deg.
1 12214x12
= { sin 2.78° _ (90 - 284.1)°
2 (40.-6.2)
40.
+ ( tan 1.26°+ sin 1.26° )_ (90 - 276.01)°
44.34
40.
+ tan 2.58° _ (90 - 108.29 + 2x90)° }
44.34
= 2168.1657{(0.0485 _-194.1° )+(0.0418 _-186.01° )+(0.0406 _ 161.71° )}
= 2168.1657(0.1305 _ 167.18° )
= 282.9240lbs _ 167.18°
(3) When δ1= 90 deg, δ2= 90 deg.
1 12214x12
= { sin 2.78° _ (90 - 284.1)°
2 (40.-6.2)
40.
+ ( tan 1.26°+ sin 1.26° )_ (90 - 276.01+ 2x90)°
44.34
40.
+ tan 2.58° _ (90 - 108.29)° }
44.34
= 2168.1657{(0.0485 _-194.1° )+(0.0418 _-6.01° )+(0.0406 _-18.29° )}
= 2168.1657(0.0336 _-9.11° )
= 72.8115lbs _-9.11°
Driveline Analysis
(4) When δ1= 90 deg, δ2= 0 deg.
1 12214x12
= { sin 2.78° _ (90 - 284.1)°
2 (40.-6.2)
40.
+ ( tan 1.26°+ sin 1.26° )_ (90 - 276.01+ 2x90)°
44.34
40.
+ tan 2.58° _ (90 - 108.29 + 2x90)° }
44.34
= 2168.1657{(0.0485 _-194.1° )+(0.0418 _-6.01° )+(0.0406 _-161.71° )}
= 2168.1657(0.0484 _ 155.36° )
= 105.03326lbs _ 155.36°
Center Bearing Loads
Design Static Load Dynamic Load
Solid Rubber 500 lbs. 500 lbs.
Semi-Slotted Rubber 250 lbs. 250 lbs.
Slotted Rubber 100 lbs. 100 lbs.
16
Appendix
Application Form
Heavy / Medium Duty Applications
Company: ___________________________________ Contact: ___________________________________
Email: ______________________________________ Date: _____________________________________
Phone: _____________________________________ Fax: ______________________________________
Vocation: ________________ Vehicle Make: ________________ Vehicle Model: _____________________
Weight - Empty: ______________________________ GVW Total: _________________________________
GVW (Front): ___________ GVW (Rear): _________________ GCW: ____________________________
Tires - Size: ______________ Make: ______________________ Rolling Radius: ____________________
Engine - Make: ___________ Model: ______________________ Displacement: _____________________
Net Torque: __________ At Speed: ___________ Net H.P.: ______________ At Speed: _____________
Gross Torque: ________ At Speed: ___________ Gross H.P.: ____________ At Speed: _____________
Maximum Operating Speed (including engine over speed): ______________________________________
Trans - Make: _________________________________ Model: ____________________________________
Ratios - Forward (including overdrive): ___________________ Reverse: __________________________
Torque Converter - Make: _____________ Model:___________________ Stall Ratio: __________________
Auxiliary - Make: ____________________ Model:___________________ Ratios: _____________________
Transfer Case - Make: ________________ Model:___________________ Ratios: _____________________
Torque Split Ratio - Front: _____________________________ Rear: _____________________________
Axle Make - Front:___________________ Model:___________________ Ratios: _____________________
Make - Front:___________________ Model:___________________ Ratios: _____________________
B10 Life Expectancy:______________________________________________________________________
Vehicle Duty Cycle: _______________________________________________________________________
Description of Vehicle Function: _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Signed: ___________________________________
Title: _____________________________________
Spicer Engineer: ______________________________ Phone: ____________________________________
Email: ______________________________________ Fax: ______________________________________
17
Appendix
Heavy / Medium Duty Applications
APPLICATION PROPOSAL
Vehicle Position Series Dana Part Number
Transmission to Rear Axle
Transmission to Auxiliary
Auxiliary to Rear Axle
Transmission to Mid Bearing
Mid Bearing to Rear Axle
Interaxle
Application Form
Wheel Drive
Vehicle Application Sketch
Plan View
Side View
Proposed By: ______________________________________
Signed: ______________________________________
Title: ______________________________________
18
Appendix
Spicer Standard Tube Sizes
Series Tube Size (in) Dana Part Number Torque Rating Tube Jael
(lbs. ft.) (lbs. ft.)
1610 4.00 x .134 32-30-52 5,700 8,600
1710 4.00 x .134 32-30-52 7,700 8,600
1710 HD 4.09 x .180 32-30-72 10,200 13,925
1760 4.00 x .134 32-30-92 10,200 10,435
1760 HD 4.09 x .180 32-30-72 12,200 13,925
1810 4.50 x .134 36-30-62 12,200 13,065
1810 HD 4.59 x .180 36-30-102 16,500 17,935
SPL 90 4.00 x .095 32-30-12 4,900 6,300
SPL 140 4.21 x .138 100-30-3 10,325 11,010
SPL 140 HD 4.33 x .197 100-30-5 10,325 16,519
SPL 170 4.96 x .118 120-30-3 12,550 13,185
SPL 170 HD 5.06 x .167 120-30-4 12,550 19,617
SPL 170 I/A 4.72 x .197 110-30-5 12,550 19,875
SPL 250 5.06 x .167 120-30-4 16,225 19,617
SPL 250 HD 5.12 x .197 120-30-5 18,450 23,555
19
Appendix
Joint Life vs. Joint Angle
15.0
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0
12.5
12.0
11.5
11.0
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.0
Angle
8.5
Joint Life vs. Joint Angle
(degrees)
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
% of Expected Joint LIfe
20
Appendix
Charts
Snap Ring Cross Holes
Type Series A (mm / in) B (mm / in) C* (mm / in)
1210 65.0 / 2.56 26.9 / 1.06 79.2 / 3.12
1280 / 1310 84.8 / 3.34 26.9 / 1.06 96.8 / 3.81
1330 95.0 / 3.74 26.9 / 1.06 106.4 / 4.19
Snap Ring 1350 95.0 / 3.74 30.2 / 1.19 108.0 / 4.25
Construction 1410 109.2 / 4.30 30.2 / 1.19 124.0 / 4.88
1480 109.2 / 4.30 34.8 / 1.37 124.0 / 4.88
1550 129.0 / 5.08 34.8 / 1.37 144.5 / 5.69
SPL 90 130.6 / 5.14 41.1 / 1.62 149.4 / 5.88
1650 146.8 / 5.78 41.1 / 1.62 165.1 / 6.50
* Swing diameter clears yoke by 1.5 mm / 0.06 in.
21
Appendix
Half Round Cross Holes
Type Series A (mm / in) B (mm / in) C (mm / in) D (mm / in) E (mm / in) F* (mm / in) G (mm / in) H
1210 62.0 / 2.44 26.9 / 1.06 56.4 / 2.22 35.8 / 1.41 0.8 / 0.03 87.4 / 3.44 8.4 / 0.33 -
1280/1310 81.8 / 3.22 26.9 / 1.06 73.9 / 2.91 35.8 / 1.41 0.8 / 0.03 101.6 / 4.00 8.4 / 0.33 -
U-bolt 1330 91.9 / 3.62 26.9 / 1.06 84.1 / 3.31 35.8 / 1.41 0.8 / 0.03 115.8 / 4.56 8.4 / 0.33 -
Design 1350 91.9 / 3.62 30.2 / 1.19 81.0 / 3.19 42.2 / 1.66 0.8 / 0.03 115.8 / 4.56 9.9 / 0.39 -
1410 106.4 / 4.19 30.2 / 1.19 95.2 / 3.75 42.2 / 1.66 0.8 / 0.03 125.5 / 4.94 9.9 / 0.39 -
Charts
1480 106.4 / 4.19 35.1 / 1.38 93.7 / 3.69 48.5 / 1.91 0.8 / 0.03 134.9 / 5.31 11.7 / 0.46 -
1550 126.2 / 4.97 35.1 / 1.38 113.5 / 4.47 48.5 / 1.91 0.8 / 0.03 152.4 / 6.00 11.7 / 0.46 -
1210 62.0 / 2.44 26.9 / 1.06 53.8 / 2.12 40.1 / 1.58 0.8 / 0.03 87.4 / 3.44 - 0.25 - 28
1280/1310 81.8 / 3.22 26.9 / 1.06 73.9 / 2.91 40.1 / 1.58 0.8 / 0.03 101.6 / 4.00 - 0.25 - 28
Bearing 1330 91.9 / 3.62 26.9 / 1.06 84.1 / 3.31 40.1 / 1.58 0.8 / 0.03 115.8 / 4.56 - 0.25 - 28
Strap 1350 91.9 / 3.62 30.2 / 1.19 81.0 / 3.19 45.7 / 1.80 0.8 / 0.03 115.8 / 4.56 - 0.312 - 24
Tapped 1410 106.4 / 4.19 30.2 / 1.19 95.2 / 3.75 45.7 / 1.80 0.8 / 0.03 125.5 / 4.94 - 0.312 - 24
Hole 1480 106.4 / 4.19 35.1 / 1.38 93.7 / 3.69 53.8 / 2.12 0.8 / 0.03 134.9 / 5.31 - 0.375 - 24
1550 126.2 / 4.97 35.1 / 1.38 113.5 / 4.47 53.8 / 2.12 0.8 / 0.03 152.4 / 6.00 - 0.375 - 24
1610 134.9 / 5.31 47.8 / 1.88 122.2 / 4.81 63.5 / 2.50 9.7 / 0.38 171.4 / 6.75 - 0.375 - 24
1710 157.2 / 6.19 49.3 / 1.94 142.0 / 5.59 71.4 / 2.81 7.9 / 0.31 190.5 / 7.50 - 0.50 - 20
1760 180.1 / 7.09 49.3 / 1.94 165.1 / 6.50 71.4 / 2.81 7.9 / 0.31 212.9 / 8.38 - 0.50 - 20
1810 194.1 / 7.64 49.3 / 1.94 179.1 / 7.05 71.4 / 2.81 7.9 / 0.31 228.6 / 9.00 - 0.50 - 20
Bearing 1410 106.4 / 4.19 30.2 / 1.19 95.2 / 3.75 45.7 / 1.80 0.8 / 0.03 125.5 / 4.94 8.4 / 0.33 -
Strap 1480 106.4 / 4.19 35.1 / 1.38 93.7 / 3.69 53.8 / 2.12 0.8 / 0.03 134.9 / 5.31 9.9 / 0.39 -
Thru-Hole 1550 126.2 / 4.97 35.1 / 1.38 113.5 / 4.47 53.8 / 2.12 0.8 / 0.03 152.4 / 6.00 9.9 / 0.39 -
* Swing diameter clears yoke by 1.5 mm / 0.06 in.
22
Appendix
SPL Full Round Cross Holes
Type Series A (mm) B (mm) C (mm) D * (mm) E (mm)
SPL SPL 140 128 49 32 160 M8 x 1.00
Full SPL 170 153 55 32 185 M8 x 1.00
Round SPL 250 152 60 32 184 M8 x 1.00
* Swing diameter clears yoke by 1.5 mm.
23
Appendix
SPL Half Round Cross Holes
Type Series A (mm) B (mm) C (mm) D (mm) E (mm) F* G (mm)
(mm)
Charts
Bearing SPL 90 126 41 115 59 6 154 0.375 x 24 UNF
Strap SPL 140 139 49 113 76 8 164 12 x 1.25
Tapped SPL 170 164 55 140 82 8 193 12 x 1.25
Hole SPL 250 163 60 135 88 10 193 12 x 1.25
24
Appendix
Joint Kit Attaching Hardware and Torque Specifications
U-bolts
Series Spicer Kit No Assemblies Recommended
Nut Torque
1210 5-443X - -
1310, SPL22 5-153X, 5-785X, SPL22-1X 2-94-28X 14-17 lbs. ft.
1330, SPL25 5-213X, 5-790X, SPL25-1X 2-94-28X 14-17 lbs. ft.
1350, SPL30 5-178X, 5-799X, SPL30-1X 3-94-18X 20-24 lbs. ft.
1410, SPL36 5-160X, 5-801X, SPL36-1X 3-94-18X 20-24 lbs. ft.
1480, SPL55 5-188X, 5-803X, SPL55X 3-94-28X 32-37 lbs. ft.
1550, SPL70 5-155X, 5-808X, SPL70X 3-94-28X 32-37 lbs. ft.
3R 5-3147X, 5-795X, SPL25-6X 2-94-58X 17-24 lbs. ft.
Bearing Strap
WARNING: Bearing strap retaining bolts should not be reused.
Series Spicer Kit No Assemblies Recommended
Bolt Torque
SPL90 SPL90-1X 90-70-28X 45-60 lbs. ft.
SPL100 SPL100X, SPL100-1X 90-70-28X 45-60 lbs. ft.
1210 5-443X 2-70-18X 13-18 lbs. ft.
1310, SPL22 5-153X, 5-785X, SPL22-1X 2-70-18X 13-18 lbs. ft.
1330, SPL25 5-213X, 5-790X, SPL25-1X 2-70-18X 13-18 lbs. ft.
1350, SPL30 5-178X, 5-799X, SPL30-1X 3-70-28X 30-35 lbs. ft.
1410, SPL36 5-160X, 5-801X, SPL36-1X 3-70-28X 30-35 lbs. ft.
1480, SPL55 5-188X, 5-803X, SPL55X 3-70-28X 30-35 lbs. ft.
1550, SPL70 5-155X, 5-808X, SPL70X 3-70-28X 30-35 lbs. ft.
1610 5-438X, 5-674X 5-70-28X 45-60 lbs. ft.
1710 5-515X, 5-675X 6.5-70-18X 115-135 lbs. ft.
1760 5-469X, 5-677X 6.5-70-18X 115-135 lbs. ft.
1810 5-510X, 5-676X 6.5-70-18X 115-135 lbs. ft.
3R 5-3147X, 5-795X, SPL25-6X 2-70-48X 30-35 lbs. ft.
7260 5-1306X, 5-789X, SPL22-8X 2-70-38X 13-18 lbs. ft.
25
Appendix
Cap and Bolts
Series Spicer Kit No Assemblies Recommended
Bolt Torque
1650 5-165X 5-70-18X 77-103 lbs. ft.
1850 5-185X 8-70-18X 110-147 lbs. ft.
1950 5-339X 9-70-18X 271-362 lbs. ft.
2050 5-340X 9-70-28X 744-844 lbs. ft.
Bearing Plate
WARNING: Self locking bolts should not be reused.
Serrated Bolts with Lock Patch / No Lock Strap (Models after Spring 1994)
Series Bolt Part No Thread Size Recommended Bolt Torque
1610 5-73-709 .312-24 26-35 lbs. ft.
1710 6-73-209 .375-24 38-48 lbs. ft.
Hardware & Torque Specs
1760 6-73-209 .375-24 38-48 lbs. ft.
1810 6-73-209 .375-24 38-48 lbs. ft.
1880 7-73-315 .438-20 60-70 lbs. ft.
Bolt with Lock Strap (Pre-Spring 1994 Models)
Series Bolt Part No Thread Size Recommended Bolt Torque
1610 5-73-109 .312-24 26-35 lbs. ft.
1710 6-73-109 .375-24 38-48 lbs. ft.
1760 6-73-109 .375-24 38-48 lbs. ft.
1810 6-73-109 .375-24 38-48 lbs. ft.
1880 7-73-115 .438-20 60-70 lbs. ft.
Quick Disconnect (Half Round)
Series Bolt Part No Thread Size Recommended Bolt Torque
SPL90 6-73-412 .375-24 45-60 lbs. ft.
1610 6-73-412 .375-24 45-60 lbs. ft.
1710 8-73-316 .500-20 115-135 lbs. ft.
1760 8-73-316 .500-20 115-135 lbs. ft.
1810 8-73-316 .500-20 115-135 lbs. ft.
26
Appendix
Bearing Retainer
Series Spicer Retainer Bolt Part No Recommended
Kit No Kit No Bolt Torque
SPL140 SPL140X 140-70-18X 12-73-125M 100-102 lbs. ft.
SPL170 SPL170X 170-70-18X 12-73-125M 100-102 lbs. ft.
SPL250 SPL250X 250-70-18X 12-73-125M 100-102 lbs. ft.
Spring Tab
Series Spicer Spring Tab Bolt Part No Recommended
Kit No Kit No Bolt Torque
SPL140 SPL140X 211941X 8-73-114M 25-30 lbs. ft.
SPL170 SPL170X 211941X 8-73-114M 25-30 lbs. ft.
SPL250 SPL250X 211941X 8-73-114M 25-30 lbs. ft.
27
Copyright Dana Corporation, 2004.
DANA CORPORATION hereby grants its customers, vendors, or distributors permission to freely
copy, reproduce and/or distribute this document in printed format. THIS INFORMATION IS NOT
INTENDED FOR SALE OR RE-SALE, AND THIS NOTICE MUST REMAIN ON ALL COPIES.
For additional information visit our websites at www.roadranger.com and www2.dana.com/expert.
DSAG-0200
05/04 PDF
Printed in USA
J3311-1-HVTSS
February 2005
Supersedes J3311-DSD
May 1994
Driveshaft Installation
Safety Precautions
General Safety Information
WARNING: GUARDING AUXILIARY DRIVESHAFTS
To prevent injury to yourself and /or damage to the equipment:
• Read carefully all owners manuals, service manuals,
and/or other instructions. We strongly recommend that a power take-off and a directly
mounted pump be used to eliminate the auxiliary driveshaft
• Always follow proper procedures and use proper whenever possible. If an auxiliary driveshaft is used and re-
tools and safety equipment. mains exposed after installation, it is the responsibility of the
• Be sure to receive proper training. vehicle designer and PTO installer to install a guard.
• Never work alone while under a vehicle or while re- WARNING: USING SET SCREWS
pairing or maintaining equipment.
• Always use proper components in applications for
which they are approved.
Auxiliary driveshafts may be installed with either recessed or
• Be sure to assemble components properly. protruding set screws. If you choose a square head set screw,
• Never use worn-out or damaged components. you should be aware that it will protrude above the hub of the
yoke and may be a point where clothes, skin, hair, hands, etc.
• Always block any raised or moving device that may could be snagged. A socket head set screw, which may not
injure a person working on or under a vehicle. protrude above the hub of the yoke, does not permit the same
• Never operate the controls of the power take-off or amount of torquing as does a square head set screw. Also a
other driven equipment from any position that could square head set screw, if used with a lock wire, will prevent
result in getting caught in the moving machinery. loosening of the screw caused by vibration. Regardless of the
choice made with respect to a set screw, an exposed rotating
auxiliary driveshaft must be guarded.
WARNING: THIS SYMBOL WARNS OF POSSIBLE
PERSONAL INJURY.
WARNING: ROTATING DRIVESHAFTS
• Rotating auxiliary driveshafts are dangerous. You can
snag clothes, skin, hair, hands, etc. This can cause
serious injury or death.
• Do not go under the vehicle when the engine is run-
ning.
• Do not work on or near an exposed shaft when engine
is running.
• Shut off engine before working on power take-off or
driven equipment.
• Exposed rotating driveshafts must be guarded.
Table of Contents
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 1
Driveshaft Torque ...................................................................................................................................................... 2
Common Causes of Vibrations .................................................................................................................................. 3
Universal Joint Operating Angles .............................................................................................................................. 5
Eliminating Compound Angle Induced Vibrations ..................................................................................................... 11
Multiple Shaft Installations ........................................................................................................................................ 13
Mounting a Midship-Mounted PTO, Pump, or Auxiliary Transmission ...................................................................... 16
Maximum Safe Operating Speed ............................................................................................................................... 18
Table of Contents
General Information
Introduction
This brochure is intended for:
• Installers who install Spicer driveshafts into an application where the transmission and axle are not in direct line with
each other, causing the driveshaft universal joints to operate at an angle.
• Anyone experiencing vibration problems with their application or their vehicle that driveshaft assembly balancing will not
correct.
• Truck Equipment Distributors who:
• Re-work a chassis to change the wheel base.
• Install a midship mounted power take-off or fire pump.
• Mount any other PTO-driven device such as a blower, hydraulic pump, or hydraulic motor.
Universal joint failures, as a rule, are of a progressive nature, which, when they occur, generally accelerate rapidly resulting in a
mass of melted trunnions and bearings.
Some recognizable signs of universal joint deterioration are:
1. Vibrations - Driver should report to maintenance.
2. Universal joint looseness - End play across bearings.
3. Universal joint discoloration due to excessive heat build-up.
4. Inability to purge all four trunnion seals when re-lubing universal joint.
Items 2) thru 4) should be checked at re-lube cycle and, if detected, reported to the maintenance supervisor for investigation.
Experience with universal joint failures has shown that a significant majority are related to lubricating film breakdown. This may
be caused by a lack of lubricant, inadequate lube quality for the application, inadequate initial lubrication, or failure to lubricate
properly and often enough.
Failures which are not the result of lubrication film breakdown are associated with the installation, angles and speeds, and manu-
facturing discrepancies.
Driveshaft failures through torque, fatigue, and bending are associated with overload, excessively high universal joint angles, and
drive shaft lengths excessive for operating speeds.
1
Installation Techniques
Driveshaft Torque
The following problems are usually a result of torque overloads:
Twisted driveshaft tube
Broken yoke shaft, slip yoke, tube yoke, flange yoke, end yoke
Broken journal cross
How much torque can be generated in your application?
Engine
Trans.
Axle
Driveshaft Torque
How to Calculate Torque:
LGT = T x TLGR x TE x SR x TCR x C
LGT = Maximum Driveshaft Low Gear Torque SR = Torque Converter Stall Ratio (if applicable)
T = Net Engine Torque or 95% of the Gross Engine Torque TCR = Transfer Case Ratio (if applicable)
TLGR = Transmission Low Gear Ratio (forward)* C = Transfer Case Efficiency (if applicable, 0.95)
TE = Transmission Efficiency (automatic = 0.8; manual = 0.85)
How to Calculate Wheel Slip:
WST = (.71 x W x RR) / (11.4 x AR)
WST = Wheel Slip Torque Applied to the Driveshaft RR = Tire Rolling Radius (in)
W = Axle Capacity (lbs) AR = Axle Ratio
For On Road Applications
Relate the lesser of above to Spicer universal joint ratings. If your torque exceeds the Spicer rating for the universal joint used in
your application, switch to a size with a rating compatible to your calculation. However, the series selected cannot be more than
one series below the series called for by the LGT calculation.
For Off Road or On-Off Road Applications
Use Low Gear Torque value only to verify or switch to a size with a rating compatible to your calculation.
2
Installation Techniques
Common Causes of Vibrations
The three most common causes of driveshaft vibration are: Driveshaft Imbalance, Critical Speed, and Universal Joint Operating
Angles.
Driveshaft Imbalance
Eliminate the potential for balance problems before you undertake any other measures.
A driveshaft on a vehicle usually rotates at a higher rate of speed than the tire. For that reason, like tires, driveshafts should be
balanced.
Any time you build or rework a driveshaft, make sure it is dynamically balanced at, 3000 RPM for Light Duty or 2500 RPM for
Heavy Duty, to the following specifications:
Series Specification
1310, 1330 .375 oz-in total at each end of shaft *
1350, 1410 .500 oz-in total at each end of shaft *
1480 - 1880 1.00 oz-in for each ten pounds of driveshaft weight divided proportionally at each end of shaft
* Passenger Car, Light Truck, Van, and SUV only. Industrial, Mobile Off-Highway, PTO, etc. same as 1480 - 1880.
Critical Speed
Every driveshaft has a critical speed. Critical speed is the point at which a rotating driveshaft begins to bow off its normal rotating
centerline.
Driveshafts begin to vibrate as they approach critical speed. If they are operated at near critical speed for an extended period, they
often fail. This can damage the vehicle and possibly injure persons nearby.
As a driveshaft fabricator or installer, you are responsible for checking the safe operating speed of any driveshaft you fabricate or
specify into an application. Make sure it will not operate at a speed higher than Spicer’s recommended safe operating speed. Use
Spicer Calculator (P/N J 3253) to determine safe operating speed.
Checking for a Possible Critical Speed Problem
Here is what you must do to make sure you won’t have a critical speed problem:
• Determine the safe operating speed of the driveshaft you want to use in your application. Insert the tube diameter and
center-to-center installed length of the shaft you want to use into a Spicer Safe Operating Speed Calculator (P/N. J3253).
The calculator will tell you the safe operating speed of the shaft you have chosen.
• Determine the NORMAL and MAXIMUM POSSIBLE operating speed of the driveshaft.
REMEMBER:
• On vehicles with a standard transmission that have a 1:1 direct drive high gear and no overdrive, MAXIMUM POS-
SIBLE driveshaft RPM is the same as the maximum possible ENGINE RPM.
• On vehicles that have an overdrive transmission, MAXIMUM POSSIBLE driveshaft RPM is higher than maximum
possible ENGINE RPM.
3
Installation Techniques
Maximum Possible Driveshaft RPM
To calculate the maximum possible driveshaft RPM in vehicles having an overdrive transmission, divide the maximum possible
engine RPM by the overdrive ratio. (See examples below.)
Example 1:
Max. engine RPM: 2100
Overdrive ratio: .79
2100/.79 = 2658 maximum possible driveshaft RPM
Example 2:
Max. engine RPM 6000
Overdrive ratio: .66
6000/.66 - 9091 maximum possible driveshaft RPM
Compare the maximum possible driveshaft RPM with the safe operating speed determined from the Safe Operating Speed Calcu-
lator. If the maximum possible driveshaft RPM meets or exceeds the safe operating speed determined from the calculator, you
must do whatever is required to raise the critical speed of the driveshaft you have chosen for the application.
Common Causes of
Sample Specification:
Vibration
To specify a driveshaft for the application described in Example 1 above, compare the safe operating speed for the driveshaft se-
lected with the maximum possible driveshaft RPM calculated (2658 RPM). Make sure the safe operating speed of the driveshaft
is greater than 2658 RPM.
Changing the Safe Operating Speed of a Driveshaft
A driveshaft’s safe operating speed can be raised by increasing its tube diameter or by shortening the installed center-to-center
length of the driveshaft. Changing the installed length of a driveshaft will require the use of multiple driveshafts with center bear-
ings.
Important: The critical speed of an assembly can be affected by driveshaft imbalance, improper universal joint operating angles,
or improperly phased driveshafts. (A properly phased driveshaft has the in-board yokes of the shaft in line with each other.) Each
of the above items will tend to lower the true critical speed from the values shown on the calculator.
Since critical speed can ultimately cause driveshaft failure, it is extremely important to be very precise in all applications.
4
Installation Techniques
Universal Joint Operating Angles
Every Universal Joint that Operates at an Angle Creates a Vibration
Universal joint operating angles are probably the most common causes of driveline vibration in vehicles that have been reworked,
or in vehicles that have had auxiliary equipment installed.
Universal joint operating angles are a primary source of problems contributing to:
• Vibrations
• Reduced universal joint life
• Problems with other drivetrain components that may include:
- Transmission gear failures
- Synchronizer failures
- Differential problems
- Premature seal failures in axles, transmissions, pumps, or blowers
- Premature failure of gears, seals, and shafts in Power Take-Offs
When you rework a chassis or install a new driveshaft in a vehicle, make sure that you follow the basic rules that apply to universal
joint operating angles:
RULE 1: UNIVERSAL JOINT OPERATING ANGLES AT EACH END OF A DRIVESHAFT SHOULD ALWAYS BE AT LEAST 1 DEGREE.
RULE 2: UNIVERSAL JOINT OPERATING ANGLES ON EACH END OF A DRIVESHAFT SHOULD ALWAYS BE EQUAL WITHIN 1 DE-
GREE OF EACH OTHER (ONE HALF DEGREE FOR MOTOR HOMES AND SHAFTS IN FRONT OF TRANSFER CASE OR AUXILIARY
DEVICE).
RULE 3: FOR VIRTUAL VIBRATION FREE PERFORMANCE, UNIVERSAL JOINT OPERATING ANGLES SHOULD NOT BE LARGER
THAN 3 DEGREES. IF THEY ARE, MAKE SURE THEY DO NOT EXCEED THE MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED ANGLES.
A universal joint operating angle is the angle that occurs at each end of a driveshaft when the output shaft of the transmission and
driveshaft and the input shaft of the axle and driveshaft are not in line. (See Fig 1)
The connecting driveshaft operates with an angle at each universal joint. It is that angle that creates a vibration.
Engine
Trans.
Axle
Driveshaf
t
Operating
Angles
Figure 1
5
Installation Techniques
Reducing and Canceling Vibration
A key point to remember about universal joint operating angles: To reduce the amount of vibration, the angles on each end of a
driveshaft should always be SMALL.
To cancel an angle vibration, the universal joint operating angles need to be EQUAL within 1 degree at each end of a driveshaft.
On motor home applications and auxiliary transmission installations, the tolerance is 1/2 degree. (See Fig 2)
Axle
Make angles small
Trans.
Make angles equal
Figure 2
U-Joint Operating Angles
6
Installation Techniques
Single Plane and Compound Universal Joint Operating Angles
There are two types of universal joint operating angles: Single Plane and Compound.
Single Plane
Single Plane angles occur when the transmission and axle components are in line when viewed from either the top or side, but
not both.
Determining the universal joint operating angle in an application where the components are in line when viewed from the top, but
not in line when viewed from the side, is as simple as measuring the slope of the components in the side view, and adding or
subtracting those slopes to determine the angle. (See Fig. 3)
These angles should be small and equal within 1 degree.
Legend
Spicer Anglemaster Spicer
Dana
Engine Anglemaster
Bubbletype
Trans.
protractor
Anglemaster
Spicer
Dana
Anglemaste
r Spicer
Dana
Anglemaster
a
Spicer
1 2 Dana
Anglemaste
r Spicer
Dana
3 b c 4
Anglemaste
r Spicer
Dana
5
d 6
Axle
Axle
Figure 3
The most convenient way to determine universal joint angles in the side view is through the use of a Spicer Anglemaster™ or a
bubble type protractor.
Using an Anglemaster or a bubble protractor, record inclination angles of drivetrain components. Set Anglemaster or protractor
on machined surfaces of engine, transmission, axle, or on machined lugs of transmission and axle yoke(s).
Note: Universal joint angles can change significantly in a loaded situation. Therefore, check vehicle loaded and unloaded to achieve
the accepted angle cancellation.
Example:
Engine-Transmission Output 4°30’ Down (1)
Main Driveshaft 7°00’ Down (2)
Input 1st Rear Axle 4°00’ Up (Input Shaft Nose Up) (3)
Output 1st Rear Axle 4°00’ Down (4)
Inter-axle Shaft 7°00’ Down (5)
Input 2nd Rear Axle 4°15’ Up (Pinion Shaft Nose Up) (6)
Note: If inclination of driveshaft is opposite connecting component, add angles to obtain the universal joint operating angle.
Angle a = (2) - (1) = 7°00’ - 4°30’ = 2°30’ (2.50°)
Angle b = (2) - (3) = 7°00’ - 4°00’ = 3°00’ (3.00°)
Angle c = (5) - (4) = 7°00’ - 4°00’ = 3°00’ (3.00°)
Angle d = (5) - (6) = 7°00’ - 4°15’ = 2°45’ (2.75°)
7
Installation Techniques
Determining the universal joint operating angles on a driveshaft that is straight when viewed from the side and offset when viewed
from the top requires the use of a special chart (See Angle Chart). In this type of application, the centerlines of the connected
components must be parallel when viewed from the top as shown. These angles also should be small and equal within 1 degree.
(See Fig. 4)
B
x
Engine
Trans.
Axle
x
A
Angles in Top View
Figure 4
U-Joint Operating Angles
Measure dimensions "A" and "B" shown in figure 4. Use the instructions in the angle chart below to determine the size of the angle.
Look at the Angle Chart and note that the smaller the offset, the smaller the resultant angle.
To reduce the possibility of vibration, keep any offset between connected points to a minimum.
There are two things you can do to always make sure Single Plane angles are SMALL and EQUAL: Make sure the transmission
and axle are mounted so their centerlines are parallel when viewed from both the side and the top. Make sure the offset between
them is small in both views.
ANGLE CHART
For Driveshafts Having An Angle in the Top View
o
14.0
o
15.0 12.0
o
12 13.0
o
o
11.0
Example: (See Fig. 4) o
11 10.0
1. Measure Dimension "A"
o
2. Determine Dimension "B" 9.0
10 Using chart, determine angle "x" by
finding the intersection point of a 8.0
o
9 dimension "A" vertical line and a
dimension "B" horixontal line.
Dimension B (inches)
o
8 7.0
7 6.0
o
Operating Angle x
6 5.0
o
5 o
4.0
4 o
3.0
3
o
2.0
2
o
1 1.0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Dimension A (inches)
8
Installation Techniques
Compound Angles
Compound universal joint operating angles occur when the transmission and axle are not in line when viewed from BOTH the top
and side. Their centerlines, however, are parallel in both views. (See Fig. 5)
Engine
Trans.
Axle
Top View
Parallel Centerlines
Engine
Trans.
Axle
Driveshaf
t
Side View
Parallel Centerlines
Figure 5
When you have a compound angle, you have to calculate the "True Universal Joint Operating Angle" of each universal joint. It is
the True Universal Joint Operating Angle that must meet the three rules shown on page 5.
9
Installation Techniques
True Universal Joint Operating Angle
The True Universal Joint Operating Angle, which must be calculated for each end of the shaft with compound angles, is a combi-
nation of the universal joint operating angle in the top view, as determined from the chart, and the measured universal joint oper-
ating angle in the side view.
To determine the true universal joint operating angle for one end of a shaft, (compound angle C° in the formula shown in Fig. 6)
insert the universal joint operating angle measurement obtained in the side view and the universal joint operating angle obtained
from the chart into the formula.
(2.50 o )
T
(2.15 )
o S
Angle in Top View (from Chart) SideView
U-Joint Operating Angles
o 2 2
Compound Angle (C ) = T + S
o
T = 2.15 (A calculated angle)
o
S = 2.5 (The measured angle)
C= 2.152 + 2.5 2
C= 10.873
o
C = 3.3 (True operating angle)
Figure 6
Do the same for the other end of the shaft. Compare the resultant calculated universal joint operating angle for each end. They
should be EQUAL within 1 degree. If they’re not, the driveshaft will vibrate.
10
Installation Techniques
Eliminating Compound Angle Induced Vibrations
Compound universal joint operating angles are one of the most common causes of driveline vibration. To avoid theses problems,
remember these important points:
• When setting up an application that requires compound universal joint operating angles, always keep the centerlines of
the transmission and axle parallel in both views.
• Always keep the offset between their horizontal and vertical centerlines small.
Keep Angles Equal Top View
Engine
Trans.
Axle
and Offset Small
Side View
Engine
o
Trans. Less Than 3
Axle
Small Offset
Figure 7
Note: Centerlines of transmission and axle must be parallel in both top and side views to use this method of determining true
universal joint operating angle. Please contact Spicer Driveshaft Engineering if you have an application where the compo-
nents cannot be installed with their centerlines parallel.
If adjustments must be made to the system:
• Install shims between the axle housing and springs to rotate the axle input yoke to change operating angles.
• Change operating angle on torque arm type suspensions by lengthening or shortening torque arms.
• Raise, lower, or shift side-to-side a pump, blower, or other piece of auxiliary equipment to change operating angles.
Note: It is important to remember to keep the centerlines of two components that are connected by a driveshaft parallel in both
the top and side views, so the operating angles will ALWAYS be equal.
11
Installation Techniques
Angle Size
The magnitude of a vibration created by a universal joint operating angle is proportional to the size of the universal joint operating
angle. Spicer Engineers recommend true universal joint operating angles of 3 degrees or less.
Obtain the true universal joint operating angle, as explained above, and if it is greater than 3 degrees, compare it to this chart.
Driveshaft Maximum Interaxle
RPM Operating Angle Parallel Intersecting
5000 3.2° - -
4500 3.7° - -
4000 4.2° 3.8° 3.8°
3500 5.0° 4.4° 4.4°
3000 5.8° 5.1° 4.8°
2500 7.0° 6.0° 4.8°
2000 8.7° 6.0° 4.8°
Compound Angle
1500 11.5° 6.0° 4.8°
Vibrations
The angles shown on this chart are the maximum universal joint operating angles recommended by Spicer Engineers and are di-
rectly related to the speed of the driveshaft. Any universal joint operating angle greater than 3 degrees will lower universal joint
life and may cause a vibration. Remember to check maximum safe driveshaft RPM by using the Spicer Safe Operating Speed Cal-
culator.
12
Installation Techniques
Multiple Shaft Installations
Multiple Shaft Set Up Recommendations
In general, multiple shaft installations follow the same guidelines, except there are different recommendations for setting up the
driveline:
• For a 2-shaft application, set up the first coupling shaft (sometimes called a jackshaft) so that the universal joint operating
angle that occurs at the transmission end is 1 to 1-1/2 degrees. (See Fig. 8)
o o
1 to 1-1/2
True Angle Center
Bearing
Figure 8
• Try to avoid building a compound universal joint operating angle into the first coupling shaft by installing it in line with
the transmission.
• If it ends up being compound, make sure the true universal joint operating angle, determined by using the information
mentioned earlier, is 1 to 1-1/2 degrees.
Install or tilt the axle so it is mounted on the same angle as the first coupling shaft (the centerlines of the axle and the first coupling
shaft will be parallel).
Note: BY FOLLOWING THIS PROCEDURE, THE UNIVERSAL JOINT OPERATING ANGLE AT EACH END OF THE LAST SHAFT WILL
AUTOMATICALLY BE EQUAL. (See Fig. 9)
13
Installation Techniques
True angle Adjust the axle to be
1o to 1-1/2 o on the same angle
as the first shaft
Center
Bearing
These angles will
Multiple Shaft
automatically be equal
Installations
Figure 9
If there is an offset in the installation of the axle, make sure it does not create too large of a compound universal joint operating
angle. Whenever possible, mount the axle directly in line with the first coupling shaft (when viewed from the top).
Check the actual universal joint operating angle at the rear of the first coupling shaft. If it is less than 1º and the transmission
universal joint operating angle is greater than 1.5º, rotate the end yoke at the center bearing position so that the ears of the yoke
are 90º to the ears of the tube yoke on the transmission end of the coupling shaft. (See Fig. 10) As an alternative, rotate the slip
yoke on the driveshaft 90º if the slip spline has 16 teeth.
On same angle
Rotate
Yoke
If this angle is
less than 1o, rotate yoke
as shown
Figure 10
14
Installation Techniques
On applications having more than two shafts, mount the first coupling shaft as outlined in the preceding example, and each addi-
tional coupling shaft at a 1 to 1-1/2 degree universal joint operating angle to the previous coupling shaft.
Install or tilt the axle to the same angle as the last fixed coupling shaft so the centerline of the axle and the last fixed coupling shaft
are parallel.
Note: THIS ASSURES THE UNIVERSAL JOINT OPEARTING ANGLE AT EACH END OF THE LAST SHAFT WILL AUTOMATICALLY
BE EQUAL (See Fig. 11).
o o
1 to 1-1/2 Angle
Check size
of these angles.
Do not exceed
maximums.
Shaft 1
Shaft 2
Mount on same
angle as shaft #2
Figure 11
15
Installation Techniques
Mounting a Midship-Mounted PTO, Pump, or Auxiliary Transmission
When installing a midship-mounted PTO, auxiliary transmission, or midship-mounted pump into the main driveline of a vehicle,
install it at the same angle as the transmission. Keep the offset to a minimum to reduce universal joint operating angles.
Note: Do not make the universal joint operating angle less than 1/2 degree.
Before bolting the device in place, check the universal joint operating angles that occur at each end of the driveshaft. They must
be 1 to 1-1/2 degrees and they must be equal to within 1/2 degree for this type of application.
If the device ends up being installed in direct line with the transmission, with little or no universal joint operating angle on the
joints, raise or lower it so there is enough offset to create the required 1 to 1-1/2 degree universal joint operating angle on each
end of the driveshaft. (See Fig. 12)
1/20 minimum
10 to 1-1/20 recommended Auxiliary
30 maximum Device
Equal within 1/20
Midship Mounted
Components
Install at same angle
and in-line in top view
Figure 12
If there is only one driveshaft between the device and the rear axle, rotate the rear axle (using shims in the appropriate place) so
it is the same angle as the device. This makes the universal joint operating angle at each end of the driveshaft equal (See Fig. 13).
Check the size of the universal joint operating angles to determine if they meet recommendations.
1/20 minimum
10 to 1-1/20 recommended
30 maximum
Equal within 1/20
Check size of
these angles
Install at same angle
and in-line in top view Rotate axle to same
angle as Auxiliary
Device
Figure 13
16
Installation Techniques
If there is more than one driveshaft between the device and the rear axle, install the driveshaft as outlined earlier with a 1 to
1-1/2 degree universal joint operating angle on the input end of each shaft. Then rotate the axle so it is on the same angle as the
last fixed shaft. The universal joint operating angle on each end of the last shaft will automatically be equal. (See Fig. 14)
1/20 minimum
10 to 1-1/20 recommended
30 maximum
Equal within 1/20 o
o
1 to 1-1/2 angle minimum
Check these angles.
o
3 recommended
Install at same angle
and in-line in top view
Mount on same angle
rotate axle if necessary
Figure 14
Mounting a Remote-Driven Pump, Blower, or Similar Device
Remote mounted-pumps, blowers, or similar devices are usually driven by a side, top, or bottom-mounted PTO and use an aux-
iliary driveshaft.
Many times these devices are mounted to the vehicle frame or cross member. The usual method of mounting, where the driven
device is mounted parallel with the ground without regard to the mounted angle of the PTO, will produce a vibration that may cause
failure of the PTO, pump, blower, or other driven device.
Any remote driven device must be mounted parallel and in line, if possible, with the PTO.
To select the appropriate auxiliary driveshaft for these types of applications, you should consider proper torque, safe operating
speed (which is different than the critical speed for tubular driveshafts), and angularity. (See Maximum Safe Operating Speed Chart
on page 18).
An auxiliary driveshaft must be capable of transmitting the maximum torque and RPM required by the driven equipment. For most
low-torque applications operating at less than 1200 RPM, solid bar-stock constructed driveshafts are adequate. For applications
requiring additional torque or RPMs, tubular shafts should be fabricated.
17
Installation Techniques
Maximum Safe Operating Speed
MAXIMUM OPERATING SPEED* BY TUBE SIZE, SOLID SHAFT SIZE, AND LENGTH
*(For speeds over 6000 RPM, contact Spicer Universal Joint Division Engineering)
TUBING MAXIMUM INSTALLED LENGTH (IN INCHES) FOR GIVEN RPM
Diameter Centerline to Centerline of Joints for a Two Joint Assembly
& or
Wall Thickness Centerline of Joint to Centerline of Center Bearing for a Joint and Shaft
W - Welded RPM - Revolutions Per Minute
S - Seamless 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000
1.750" x .065" W 82" 67" 58" 52" - - - - - - -
1.250" x .095" S 64" 52" 45" 40" 37" 34" 32" - - - -
2.500" x .083" W 87" 70" 62" 55" 50" 45" 43" 41" 39" 37" 35"
3.000" x .083" W - - 85" 76" 70" 64" 60" 57" 54" 51" 49"
Maximum Operating
SOLID SHAFT DIAMETER
.750" 42" 35" 30" 27" 25" - - - - - -
Speed
.812" 44" 36" 31" 28" 26" - - - - - -
.875" 46" 37" 32" 29" 27" - - - - - -
1.000" 49" 40" 35" 31" 28" - - - - - -
1.250" 55" 45" 39" 35" 32" - - - - - -
To prevent premature wear, auxiliary driveshaft breakage, and possible injury to people or equipment, be aware of the critical
speed of these types of driveshafts. Critical speed, explained earlier in this guide, is different for these solid shaft and small tube
driveshafts.
Refer to the chart above for maximum safe operating speed information on these types of shafts.
If the chart indicates that the critical speed may be a problem, use multiple shafts. Be sure to use support bearings where neces-
sary and set up the true universal joint operating angles as indicated earlier in this guide.
As with all driveshafts, auxiliary driveshafts should be:
• Carefully installed to minimize vibrations caused by incorrect universal joint operating angles
• Capable of absorbing shock loads
• Capable of changing length as needed
• Guarded so as to prevent inadvertent entanglement
18
Installation Techniques
Special Notes Regarding Auxiliary Driveshafts
WARNING: Working on or near an auxiliary driveshaft when the engine is running is extremely dangerous and should be avoided.
You can snag clothes, skin, hair, hands, etc. This can cause serious injury or death.
• Shut off engine before working on power take-off or driven equipment.
• Do not go under the vehicle when the engine is running.
• Do not engage or disengage driven equipment by hand from under the vehicle when the engine is running.
• Fasteners should be properly selected and torqued to the manufacturer’s specifications.
• If a setscrew protrudes above the hub of an end yoke, you may want to replace it with a recessed (Allen-type) setscrew.
• If you decide that a recessed setscrew does not have enough holding power for your application and you must use a
protruding setscrew, be sure no one can come in contact with the rotating driveshaft or the protruding setscrew.
• Exposed rotating driveshafts must be guarded!
• Lubricate auxiliary driveshafts according to manufacturer’s specifications.
19
Contact Information:
Dana Corporation Dana Corporation Dana Corporation
Heavy Vehicle Technologies and Heavy Vehicle Technologies and Heavy Vehicle Technologies and
Systems Service Systems Service – Canada Systems Service – International
P.O. Box 321 5095 South Service Road 419-861-6325
Toledo, OH 43697-0321 Beamsville, Ontario, Canada L0R 1B0
1-800-SAY-DANA (729-3262) Tech Service: 1-905-563-4991
www.dana.com
www2.dana.com/expert
J3311-1-HVTSS © Dana Corporation 2005
2/05 All rights reserved.
Printed in U.S.A.
SD-08-2412
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END COVER
CONTROL
END COVER PORT
CONTROL
PORT
CHECK
VALVE
SUPPLY ASSEMBLY SUPPLY
PORT PORT
CHECK WIRING HARNESS DELIVERY PORT
VALVE WIRING HARNESS
DELIVERY PORT CONNECTION CONNECTION
ASSEMBLY
EXTENDED PURGE AD-9™ AIR DRYER STANDARD AD-9™ AIR DRYER
FIGURE 1 - AD-9™ AIR DRYER MODELS
DESCRIPTION
The function of the AD-9™ air dryer is to collect and remove air dryer. For ease of serviceability, the desiccant cartridge
air system contaminants in solid, liquid and vapor form be- and discharge check valve assembly are screw in type. The
fore they enter the brake system. It provides clean, dry air purge valve housing assembly, which includes the heater
to the components of the brake system which increases and thermostat assembly, and the discharge check valve
the life of the system and reduces maintenance costs. Daily assembly, is serviceable from the exterior of the air dryer,
manual draining of the reservoirs is eliminated. while servicing the screw-in desiccant cartridge requires
removal of the air dryer assembly from the vehicle.
The AD-9™ air dryer consists of a desiccant cartridge and a
die cast aluminum end cover secured to a cylindrical steel The AD-9™ air dryer has three female pipe thread air
outer shell with eight cap screws and nuts. The end cover connections and each is identified as follows:
contains a check valve assembly, a safety valve, three Port l.D. Function/Connection
threaded air connections and the purge valve housing CON 4 ............... Control Port
assembly. The removable purge valve housing assembly (purge valve control and turbo cut-off).
incorporates a purge valve mechanism and a turbo charger SUP 11 ............. Supply Port (air in).
cut-off feature that is designed to prevent loss of engine DEL 2 ............... Delivery Port (air out).
“turbo” boost pressure during the purge cycle of the AD-9™
1
CHECK
VALVE ORIFICE
DESICCANT
CARTRIDGE
← ←
←
←
←
←
←
←
←
←
←
DESICCANT
←
BED
←
PURGE
VOLUME
←
←
←
←
OIL
←
SEPARATOR
CONTROL
PORT
←
← ←
←
←
GOVERNOR COMPRESSOR
←
← ← ← ← ←
←
←
←
←
←
ENGINE ← CHECK
TURBO SUPPLY VALVE
←
PORT ASSEMBLY
←
← ← RESERVOIR ← ← ← ← ← DELIVERY
SUMP PORT
PURGE
VALVE EXHAUST HEATER
ELEMENT
FIGURE 2 - AD-9™ AIR DRYER CHARGE CYCLE
OPERATION OF THE AD-9™ AIR DRYER progressively dryer as water vapor adheres to the desiccant
material in a process known as “adsorption”. The desiccant
The AD-9™ air dryer alternates between two operational cartridge using the adsorption process typically removes
modes or “cycles” during operation: the charge cycle and 95% of the water vapor from the pressurized air.
the purge cycle. The following description of operation is
separated into these “cycles” of operation. The majority of dry air exits the desiccant cartridge through
its integral single check valve to fill the purge volume between
CHARGE CYCLE (refer to Figure 2) the desiccant cartridge and outer shell. Some air will also
exit the desiccant cartridge through the purge orifice adjacent
When the compressor is loaded (compressing air)
to the check valve.
compressed air, along with oil, oil vapor, water and water
vapor flows through the compressor discharge line to the Dry air flows out of the purge volume through the single
supply port of the air dryer end cover. As air travels through check valve assembly and out the delivery port to the first
the end cover assembly, its direction of flow changes several (supply) reservoir of the air system.
times, reducing the temperature, causing contaminants to
condense and drop to the bottom or sump of the air dryer The air dryer will remain in the charge cycle until air brake
end cover. system pressure builds to the governor cutout setting.
After exiting the end cover, the air flows into the desiccant PURGE CYCLE (refer to Figure 3)
cartridge. Once in the desiccant cartridge air first flows
When air brake system pressure reaches the cutout setting
through an oil separator which removes water in liquid form
of the governor, the compressor unloads (air compression
as well as oil and solid contaminants.
stopped) and the purge cycle of the air dryer begins. When
Air exits the oil separator and enters the desiccant drying the governor unloads the compressor, it pressurizes the
bed. Air flowing through the column of desiccant becomes compressor unloader mechanism and line connecting the
2
CHECK
VALVE ORIFICE
DESICCANT ← ←
CARTRIDGE ← ←
←
←
←
←
←
DESICCANT
BED
←
PURGE
VOLUME
←
←
←
←
OIL
SEPARATOR
←
←
CONTROL
PORT
←←
GOVERNOR COMPRESSOR
← ← ← ← ← ←
←
←
←
ENGINE ← ← CHECK
TURBO SUPPLY ← VALVE
PORT
ASSEMBLY
←
←
RESERVOIR DELIVERY
←
←
TURBO PORT
PURGE SUMP
CUTOFF HEATER
PISTON VALVE EXHAUST ELEMENT
FIGURE 3 - AD-9™ AIR DRYER PURGE CYCLE
governor unloader port to the AD-9™ air dryer end cover control vapor adhering to it. Generally 15-30 seconds are required
port. The purge piston moves in response to air pressure for the entire purge volume of a standard AD-9™ air dryer to
causing the purge valve to open to atmosphere and (partially) flow through the desiccant drying bed.
closing off the supply of air from the compressor, this will be
The end cover single check valve assembly prevents air
further discussed in the section covering the turbo cut-off
pressure in the brake system from returning to the air dryer
feature. Contaminants in the end cover sump are expelled
during the purge cycle. After the 30 second purge cycle is
immediately when the purge valve opens. Also, air which
complete, the air dryer is ready for the next charge cycle to
was flowing through the desiccant cartridge changes direction
begin.
and begins to flow toward the open purge valve. Oil and solid
contaminants collected by the oil separator are removed by The purge valve will remain open after the purge cycle is
air flowing from the desiccant drying bed to the open purge complete and will not close until air brake system pressure
valve. is reduced and the governor signals the compressor to
charge.
The initial purge and desiccant cartridge decompression lasts
only a few seconds and is evidenced by an audible burst of TURBO CUT-OFF FEATURE (Refer to Figure 4)
air at the AD-9™ air dryer exhaust.
The primary function of the turbo cut-off valve is to prevent
The actual reactivation of the desiccant drying bed begins loss of engine turbocharger air pressure through the AD-9™
as dry air flows from the purge volume through the desiccant air dryer in systems where the compressor intake is
cartridge purge orifice and into the desiccant drying bed. connected to the engine turbocharger. The turbo cut-off valve
Pressurized air from the purge volume expands after passing also reduces the “puffing” of air out the open exhaust when
through the purge orifice; its pressure is lowered and its a naturally aspirated, single cylinder compressor equipped
volume increased. The flow of dry air through the drying bed with an inlet check valve is in use.
reactivates the desiccant material by removing the water
3
UPPER
BRACKET UPPER
STRAP BRACKET
←
DESICCANT
CARTRIDGE
← ←
←
←
DESICCANT HOUSING
BED
←
← OIL LOWER
←
← SEPARATOR BRACKET
SUPPLY
←
PORT
CONTROL
PORT
←
←
TURBO PURGE
CUTOFF VALVE SUPPLY
PISTON CHECK PORT
DISCHARGE VALVE
EXHAUST LINE ASSEMBLY CHECK
VALVE
ASSEMBLY
FIGURE 4 - AD-9™ AIR DRYER TURBO CUTOFF TURBO
CUTOFF
PISTON PURGE VALVE PURGE DISCHARGE
At the onset of the purge cycle, the downward travel of the HOUSING VALVE PORT
purge piston is stopped when the turbo cut-off valve (tapered ASSEMBLY
portion of purge piston) contacts its mating metal seat in
the purge valve housing. With the turbo cut-off valve seated FIGURE 5 - AD-9™ AIR DRYER SECTIONAL VIEW
(closed position), air in the discharge line and AD-9™ air
dryer inlet port is restricted from entering the air dryer. While
the turbo cut-off effectively prevents loss of turbo charger B. Air usage is exceptionally high and not normal for a
boost pressure to the engine, some “seepage” of air may be highway vehicle. This may be due to accessory air
detected under certain conditions of compressor engine and demands or some unusual air requirement that does
turbo charger operation, even so there will always be low not allow the compressor to load and unload (com-
pressure trapped in the discharge line. pressing and non-compressing cycle) in a normal
fashion. Check for high air system leakage. If the
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE vehicle vocation has changed it may be necessary
to upgrade the compressor size. Refer to Appendix
Important: Review the warranty policy before performing
A, Table A and the column entitled Vehicle Vocation.
any intrusive maintenance procedures. An extended warranty
may be voided if intrusive maintenance is performed during C. The air dryer has been installed in a system that
this period. has been previously used without an air dryer. This
type system will be saturated with moisture and
Because no two vehicles operate under identical conditions, several weeks of operation may be required to dry it
maintenance and maintenance intervals will vary. Experience out.
is a valuable guide in determining the best maintenance
D. Location of the air dryer is too close to the air com-
interval for any one particular operation.
pressor. Refer to Locating AD-9™ Air Dryer On Vehicle
Every 900 operating hours or 25,000 miles or every three section and Appendix A, Table A, column 2 for dis-
(3) months: charge line length.
1. Check for moisture in the air brake system by opening E. In areas where more than a 30 degree range of tem-
reservoirs, drain cocks, or valves and checking for perature occurs in one day, small amounts of water
presence of water. If moisture is present, the desiccant can accumulate in the air brake system due to con-
may require replacement; however, the following densation. Under these conditions, the presence of
conditions can also cause water accumulation and small amounts of moisture is normal and should not
should be considered before replacing the desiccant: be considered as an indication that the dryer is not
performing properly.
A. An outside air source has been used to charge the
system. This air did not pass through the drying bed. Note: A small amount of oil in the system may be normal
and should not, in itself, be considered a reason to
4
replace the desiccant; oil stained desiccant can function
adequately.
2. Check mounting bolts for tightness. Retorque to 270-
385 inch pounds. AD-9™ LOWER
AIR DRYER MOUNTING
3. Perform the Operation & Leakage Tests listed in this BRACKET
publication.
Every 10,800 hours; 300,000 miles or 36 months: AD-9™
END COVER
1. Rebuild the air dryer including the desiccant cartridge. FEMALE
CONNECTOR
Note: The desiccant change interval may vary from vehicle
MALE
to vehicle. Although typical desiccant cartridge life is three CONNECTOR
years, many will perform adequately for a longer period of LATCH MUST BE
time. In order to take maximum advantage of desiccant life INSERTED UNTIL
and assure that replacement occurs only when necessary, IT SNAPS OVER
TAB ON MATING
it is important that Operation & Leakage Tests be performed. CONNECTOR
WARNING!
This air dryer is intended to remove moisture and other SIDE VIEW END VIEW
contaminants normally found in the air brake system.
Do not inject alcohol, anti-freeze, or other de-icing A two lead, 12 inch, wire harness with attached weather
substances into or upstream of the air dryer. Alcohol resistant connector is supplied with all retrofit and
replacement AD-9™ air dryers. Connect one of the two
is removed by the dryer, but reduces the effectiveness
leads of the wire harness to the engine kill or ignition
of the device to dry air. Use of other substances can
switch. The remaining lead of the wire harness must be
damage the air dryer and may void the warranty. connected to a good vehicle ground. A fuse should be
installed in the power carrying wire; install a 10 amp fuse
OPERATION & LEAKAGE TESTS for 12 volt heaters and a 5 amp fuse for a 24 volt heater.
1. Test the outlet port check valve assembly by building Use 14 AWG wire if it is necessary to lengthen the wire
the air system to governor cut-out and observing a test harness provided.
air gauge installed in the #1 reservoir. A rapid loss of Make certain all wire splices are waterproofed.
Tie wrap or support all electrical wire leading to the
pressure could indicate a failed outlet port check valve.
AD-9™ air dryer.
This can be confirmed by bleeding the system down,
removing the check valve assembly from the end cover,
subject air pressure to the unit and apply a soap solution FIGURE 6 - HEATER AND THERMOSTAT CONNECTOR
to the check valve side. Leakage should not exceed a 1”
bubble in 1 second. 5. Check all lines and fittings leading to and from the air
dryer for leakage and integrity.
2. Check for excessive leakage around the purge valve.
With the compressor in loaded mode (compressing air), 6. Check the operation of the end cover heater and
apply a soap solution to the purge valve housing thermostat assembly during cold weather operation as
assembly exhaust port and observe that leakage does follows:
not exceed a 1” bubble in 1 second. If the leakage A. Electric Power to the Dryer
exceeds the maximum specified, service the purge valve With the ignition or engine kill switch in the ON posi-
housing assembly. tion, check for voltage to the heater and thermostat
3. Close all reservoir drain cocks. Build up system pressure assembly using a voltmeter or test light. Unplug the
to governor cut-out and note that AD-9™ air dryer purges electrical connector at the air dryer and place the
with an audible escape of air. “Fan” the service brakes test leads on each of the pins of the male connector.
to reduce system air pressure to governor cut-in. Note If there is no voltage, look for a blown fuse, broken
that the system once again builds to full pressure and is wires, or corrosion in the vehicle wiring harness.
followed by an AD-9™ air dryer purge. Check to see if a good ground path exists.
4. Check the operation of the safety valve by pulling the B. Thermostat and Heater Operation
exposed stem while the compressor is loaded Turn off the ignition switch and cool the end cover
(compressing air). There must be an exhaust of air while assembly to below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Using an
the stem is held and the valve should reseat when the ohmmeter, check the resistance between the elec-
stem is released. trical pins in the female connector. The resistance
5
should be 1.5 to 3.0 ohms for the 12 volt heater 5004339 Service New or Remanufactured Exchange
assembly and 6.8 to 9.0 ohms for the 24 volt heater Purge Valve Housing Assembly - DLU (w/heater
and thermo.) 12 volt system.
assembly. Note: Some early models of the AD-9™
air dryer will have resistance readings of 1.0 to 2.5 5004338 Service New or Remanufactured Exchange Purge
Valve Housing Assembly - Soft Seat (w/heater and
ohms for the 12 volt heater assembly and 4.8 to 7.2
thermo.) 24 volt system.
ohms for the 24 volt heater assembly. If the resis-
5004480 Service New or Remanufactured Exchange Purge
tance is higher than the maximum stated, replace Valve Housing Assembly - Hard Seat (w/heater
the purge valve housing assembly, which includes and thermo.) 24 volt system.
the heater and thermostat assembly. 5004340 Service New or Remanufactured Exchange Purge
Warm the end cover assembly to over 90 degrees Valve Housing Assembly - DLU (w/heater and
Fahrenheit and again check the resistance. The re- thermo.) 24 volt system.
sistance should exceed 1000 ohms. If the resistance 107695 Complete Mounting Bracket Kit
values obtained are within the stated limits, the This kit contains the upper and lower brackets as
thermostat and heater assembly is operating well as the necessary hardware items to mount
properly. If the resistance values obtained are out- them.
side the stated limits, replace the purge valve housing WARNING! PLEASE READ AND FOLLOW
assembly, which includes the heater and THESE INSTRUCTIONS TO AVOID
thermostat assembly.
PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH:
REBUILDING THE AD-9™ AIR DRYER When working on or around a vehicle, the following
general precautions should be observed at all times.
GENERAL 1. Park the vehicle on a level surface, apply the
If, after completing the routine operation and leakage tests, parking brakes, and always block the wheels.
Always wear safety glasses.
it has been determined that one or more components of the
2. Stop the engine and remove ignition key when
air dryer requires replacement or maintenance, refer to the working under or around the vehicle. When
following list to find the appropriate kit(s). working in the engine compartment, the engine
should be shut off and the ignition key should be
When rebuilding or replacing components of the air dryer removed. Where circumstances require that the
use only genuine Bendix parts. For ease in servicing the engine be in operation, EXTREME CAUTION should
AD-9 ™ air dryer desiccant cartridge assembly, it is be used to prevent personal injury resulting from
recommended that the air dryer be removed from the vehicle. contact with moving, rotating, leaking, heated or
electrically charged components.
MAINTENANCE KITS AVAILABLE: 3. Do not attempt to install, remove, disassemble or
assemble a component until you have read and
500503 Hard Seat Purge Valve Housing Maintenance Kit thoroughly understand the recommended
5005893 Soft Seat Purge Valve Housing Maintenance Kit procedures. Use only the proper tools and observe
These kits contain the parts necessary to rebuild all precautions pertaining to use of those tools.
the air portion of the purge valve housing and do 4. If the work is being performed on the vehicle’s air
not include the heater and thermostat. brake system, or any auxiliary pressurized air
107794 Desiccant Cartridge Replacement Kit systems, make certain to drain the air pressure from
all reservoirs before beginning ANY work on the
This kit contains the parts necessary to change vehicle. If the vehicle is equipped with an AD-IS™
the desiccant cartridge only. air dryer system or a dryer reservoir module, be
107796 Remanufactured Desiccant Cartridge sure to drain the purge reservoir.
Replacement Kit 5. Following the vehicle manufacturer’s
This kit contains the parts necessary to change recommended procedures, deactivate the electrical
the desiccant cartridge only. system in a manner that safely removes all
107799 End Cover Check Valve Assembly Replacement electrical power from the vehicle.
6. Never exceed manufacturer’s recommended
3/4 inch thread size.
pressures.
107800 End Cover Check Valve Assembly Replacement 7. Never connect or disconnect a hose or line
1/2 inch thread size. containing pressure; it may whip. Never remove a
800405 Service New or Remanufactured Exchange component or plug unless you are certain all
Purge Valve Housing Assembly - Soft Seat system pressure has been depleted.
(w/heater and thermo.) 12 volt system.
5004479 Service New or Remanufactured Exchange
Purge Valve Housing Assembly - Hard Seat
(w/heater and thermo.) 12 volt system.
6
25
26
28
29
22
27
24
21
19
23 17
SAFETY
VALVE
NOTE: NUMBERS 9 AND 12
NOT USED
END
COVER 1 O-RING
1 17 2 EXHAUST DIAPHRAGM
20 15 3 1/4" TAPPING SCREW
7 4 PURGE VALVE LOCK NUT
6 5 O-RING
16 6 O-RING
5 7 O-RING
8 PURGE VALVE ASSEMBLY
31 10 O-RING
17 10 11 PURGE VALVE
14 13 SPRING
33 14 O-RING
18 15 CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY
16 3/8" CAP SCREW
13 17 3/8" SPECIAL WASHER
8 18 3/8" CAP SCREW (LONG)
19 LOCK NUT
20 LOWER MOUNTING BRACKET
21 O-RING
22 DESICCANT CARTRIDGE
COMPLETE
30 23 O-RING
24 HOUSING
25 5/16" X 4-1/2" UPPER BRACKET
11 3 CAP SCREW
2 26 UPPER BRACKET STRAP
32 27 UPPER MOUNTING BRACKET
28 5/16" LOCK WASHER
4 29 5/16" LOCK NUT
30 EXHAUST COVER
31 TORX HEAD BOLT
32 EXHAUST DIAPHRAGM WASHER
33 PURGE PISTON
FIGURE 7 - AD-9™ AIR DRYER ASSEMBLY
7
8. Use only genuine Bendix ® replacement parts, 1. Using an adjustable wrench or an 1-3/4" socket, remove
components and kits. Replacement hardware, the delivery, check valve assembly (15) and o-ring.
tubing, hose, fittings, etc. must be of equivalent Remove the o-ring from the check valve assembly.
size, type and strength as original equipment and 2. Remove the three 1/4" self tapping screws (3) that secure
be designed specifically for such applications and the purge valve housing assembly to the end cover
systems. assembly. Pull the purge valve housing assembly out of
9. Components with stripped threads or damaged the end cover assembly. Remove the three o-rings (5,6 &
parts should be replaced rather than repaired. Do 7) from the exterior of the purge valve housing assembly.
not attempt repairs requiring machining or welding Note: O-rings 5 and 6 may be lodged in the end cover
unless specifically stated and approved by the bores, if so, they must be removed
vehicle and component manufacturer.
3. Purge Valve Disassembly:
10. Prior to returning the vehicle to service, make
certain all components and systems are restored to Note: In most cases a flat (non-extended) exhaust cover
their proper operating condition. (30) is used. This cover should be left intact while
11. For vehicles with Antilock Traction Control (ATC), servicing the purge valve housing assembly. However, if
the ATC function must be disabled (ATC indicator an extended type exhaust cover is in use to
lamp should be ON) prior to performing any vehicle accommodate the attachment of an exhaust hose, the
maintenance where one or more wheels on a exhaust cover must be carefully peeled off the purge
drive axle are lifted off the ground and moving. valve housing. Use a thin flat blade to pry the exhaust
cover off, taking care not to damage the potting
AD-9™ AIR DRYER REMOVAL material (RTV sealant) under the cover. To remove
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and prevent movement the piston from the purge valve housing assembly requires
by means other than the brakes. a special Torx head socket or a twelve point 1/4" socket
to hold the head of the purge valve bolt (31).
2. Drain all reservoirs to 0 p.s.i. (0 kPa).— Caution:
Compressor discharge line may still contain residual A. Remove the 1/4" nut (4) from the bottom of the purge
pressure. valve housing assembly using a 9/16" socket wrench
3. Identify and disconnect the three air lines from the end and a Torx head socket to hold the head of the bolt
cover and note the position of end cover ports relative to (31). Remove the diaphragm washer (32) (if present),
the vehicle. and the diaphragm (2) (if present), and the purge
4. Unplug the vehicle wiring harness from the heater and valve (11) from the purge valve housing.
thermostat assembly connector on the purge valve B. Remove the 1/4" Torx head bolt (31) from the oppo-
housing assembly. site end, then the purge piston (33), the return spring
5. Loosen the 5/16" X 4-1/2" hex bolt securing the upper (13) and two o-rings (10 & 14); one on the O.D. and
mounting strap. the other in the inside of the purge piston.
6. Remove, retain and mark the two 3/8" end cover cap
C. Heater and Thermostat Assembly Replacement.
screws, lock nuts and four special washers that retain
the lower mounting bracket to the end cover, also mark Caution: Do not attempt to remove this assembly,
these two holes of the end cover. (These bolts are longer as it will be damaged during the removal process
than the other 6 bolts.) and is not available as a service part. If the heater
7. Remove the AD-9™ air dryer from its mounting brackets and thermostat are defective, replace the entire purge
on the vehicle. valve housing assembly which includes these items.
DISASSEMBLY 4. Remove the remaining six 3/8" cap screws (16), lock
nuts (19) and twelve special washers (17) that secure
The following disassembly and assembly procedure is the end cover to the housing (24). Separate the end cover
presented for reference purposes and presupposes that a and desiccant cartridge (22) from the housing (24).
major rebuild of the AD-9™ air dryer is being undertaken.
5. Remove the end cover to outer housing o-ring (23).
Several replacement parts and maintenance kits are available
which do not require full disassembly. The instructions 6. Do not remove the safety valve from the end cover unless
provided with these parts and kits should be followed in lieu it has been proven defective. If replacement is required,
of the instructions presented here. Refer to Figure 7 during apply thread sealant or teflon tape on the threads of the
disassembly. replacement valve and torque to 120-400 in. Ibs.
Caution: While performing service on the AD-9™ air 7. Place a strap or chain wrench around the desiccant
dryer, it is not recommended that a clamping device cartridge (22) so that it is approximately 2-3 inches away
(vise, C-clamp, etc.) be used to hold any die cast from the end cover. Rotate the cartridge counterclockwise
aluminum component as damage may result. To hold until it completely separates from the end cover. Note:
the end cover, install a pipe nipple in the supply port A substantial torque (up to 50 lb. ft.) may be required to
and clamp the nipple into a vise. perform this disassembly.
8
8. Remove the desiccant cartridge o-ring (21) from the end sembly, install it on the purge valve housing assem-
cover. bly making certain the “bubble” portion is positioned
over the thermostat. Install the assembled purge valve
CLEANING & INSPECTION housing in the end cover making certain to orient
1. Using mineral spirits or an equivalent solvent, clean and both parts such that the connector is approximately
thoroughly dry all metal parts. 10 degrees clockwise from the supply port, while
2. Inspect the interior and exterior of all metal parts that making certain the purge valve housing is fully seated
will be reused for severe corrosion, pitting and cracks. against the end cover. Secure the purge valve hous-
Superficial corrosion and or pitting on the exterior portion ing to the end cover using the three 1/4" self-tapping
of the upper and lower body halves is acceptable. screws (3). Start all three screws by hand then
torque to 50-80 in. Ibs.
3. Inspect the bores of both the end cover and the purge
valve housing for deep scuffing or gouges. 2. Install the o-ring on the check valve assembly (15), then
install the assembly in the end cover.
4. Make certain that all purge valve housing and end cover
passages are open and free of obstructions. 3. Install the desiccant cartridge o-ring (21) in its groove in
the end cover. Using a light coat of barium grease,
5. Inspect the pipe threads in the end cover. Make certain
lubricate the bottom of the desiccant cartridge in the
they are clean and free of thread sealant.
area that will contact the o-ring (21) and end cover. Screw
6. Inspect the purge valve housing bore and seats for the desiccant cartridge into the end cover until contact
excessive wear and scuffing. is made between it and the o-ring. Using a strap or chain
7. Inspect the purge valve piston seat for excessive wear. wrench positioned 2-3" from the bottom of the cartridge,
8. Inspect all air line fittings for corrosion. Clean all old turn the desiccant cartridge clockwise 180-225 degrees
thread sealant from the pipe threads. beyond the position where initial contact was made
between the cartridge and end cover o-ring. Torque should
9. All o-rings removed should be discarded and replaced
not exceed 50 ft. Ibs.
with new o-rings provided in appropriate kit(s).
Any component exhibiting a condition described in step 1
to 8 should be replaced.
ASSEMBLY
Prior to assembly, coat all o-rings, o-ring grooves, and bores
6
with a generous amount of barium base lubricant. Refer to 2
Figure 7 during assembly unless otherwise advised.
1. Purge Valve Housing Assembly 4
A. Install the o-ring (14) in its groove on the O.D. of the 5
purge piston. Place the return spring (13) in the bore
of the purge valve housing. Place the o-ring (10) into
its recess in the bore of the purge piston. Install the
1/4" Torx head bolt (31) into the l.D. of the purge
piston. Insert the purge piston (33) into the l.D. of
the spring (13). Using a Torx head wrench, push the
purge piston into the piston housing until it bottoms.
B. While depressing the purge piston with the Torx head
wrench, install the following parts over the purge valve 3
bolt (31) from the opposite end of the purge valve 1&9
housing; the purge valve (11) with its rubber side first,
followed by the diaphragm (2) (if present), the dia- 7 8
phragm washer (32) (if present) or the flat washer
and finally the 1/4" hex nut (4). Torque the purge
valve nut and bolt (4 & 31) to between 60-80 in. Ibs.
C. Install the three o-rings (5, 6 & 7) on the purge valve
housing placing each in its appropriate location. If
the exhaust cover (30) was removed during disas- FIGURE 8 - END COVER TO HOUSING TORQUE PATTERN
9
4. Install the end cover outer housing o-ring (23) on the VEHICLE APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
shoulder in the end cover. Place the housing (24) over
The basic application requirements presented here apply to
the desiccant cartridge and align the holes. Install the
a standard air dryer installation. The majority of highway
six 3/8" cap screws (16), lock nuts (19) and twelve special
vehicles in use today will meet these basic requirements
washers (17) making certain they are in the proper
however, some may not. Examples of vehicles that may not
position as marked during disassembly. The two longer
meet the requirements include, bulk trailer unloading
3/8" cap screws (18) will be used to secure the AD-9™
operations and other high air consumption/continuous flow
air dryer to its mounting bracket. Tighten the six cap
systems. While the AD-9™ air dryer can be used on these
screws and nuts in a star pattern in a fashion similar to
vehicles the standard installation procedure presented in
Figure 8; depending on lower bracket location. Torque
this manual may require modification to assure proper
to 270-385 in. Ibs. (Refer to Fig. 8.) Note: The two
operation and service life. Consult your local authorized
remaining bolt holes in the end cover and two 3/8" cap
Bendix parts outlet or sales representative for additional
screws must be the ones marked during disassembly
information.
to assure proper orientation of the ports and adequate
length of the cap screws. 1. Charge Cycle Time - The AD-9™ air dryer is designed to
provide clean, dry air for the brake system. When a
INSTALLATION vehicle’s air system is used to operate non-brake air
1. Install the assembled AD-9™ air dryer back onto the accessories it is necessary to determine that during
vehicle by slipping it into the upper mounting bracket. normal, daily operation the compressor should recover
Align the two unused holes in the end cover with the from governor “cut-in” to governor “cut-out” (usually 100
bottom mounting bracket such that the bottom bracket psi to 120 psi) in 90 seconds or less at engine RPMs
supports air dryer. The AD-9™ air dryer end cover should commensurate with the vehicle vocation. If the recovery
rest on the bracket. Using the remaining two 3/8" cap time consistently exceeds this limit, it may be
screws (18), four special washers (17), and two lock necessary to “bypass” the air accessory responsible for
nuts (19), secure the air dryer to the lower bracket. the high air usage. Consult your local authorized Bendix
Tighten, then torque the two remaining cap screws to parts outlet or sales representative for additional
270-385 in. Ibs. information.
2. Tighten the 5/16" X 4-1/2" bolt and nut on the upper 2. Purge Cycle Time - During normal vehicle operation, the
mounting bracket. Torque to 80-120 in. Ibs. air compressor must remain unloaded for a minimum
3. Reconnect the three airlines to the proper ports on the of 20 seconds for the standard AD-9™ air dryer or 30
end cover (identified during disassembly). seconds for the Extended Purge model. These
minimum purge times are required to ensure complete
4. Reconnect the vehicle wiring harness to the AD-9™ air
dryer heater and thermostat assembly connector by regeneration of the desiccant material. If the purge time
plugging it into the air dryer connector until its lock tab is occasionally shorter than the times specified, no
snaps in place. permanent ill effect should be expected, however, if the
5. Before placing vehicle back into service, perform the purge time is consistently less than the minimum, an
Operation and Leakage Tests stated elsewhere in this accessory by-pass system must be installed.
manual. 3. European Air Brake Systems - Brake systems that
incorporate compressors without integral unloading
RETROFITTING THE AD-9™ AIR DRYER mechanisms and/or utilize a compressor discharge line
unloader valve have special AD-9™ air dryer installation
GENERAL requirements. Consult your local authorized Bendix parts
The following retrofit instructions are presented for reference outlet or sales representative for additional information.
purposes only since Bendix aftermarket retrofit and 4. Air Compressor Size - Although the AD-9™ air dryer can
replacement air dryers are packaged with the most up-to- be used in conjunction with larger compressors, it was
date installation instructions. The instructions packaged with designed primarily for units rated for up to 17 CFM. It is
the AD-9™ air dryer should be followed in lieu of those
recommended that when using the AD-9™ air dryer with
presented here.
a compressor which has a rated displacement exceeding
The preceding portion of this manual deals with “in-service” 17 CFM that an authorized Bendix parts outlet or Bendix
repair and or replacement of the AD-9™ air dryer. The portion marketing representative be contacted for assistance.
of the manual that follows is concerned with installing an
5. Holset “E or QE” Type Air Compressors - In order for the
AD-9™ air dryer on a vehicle not previously equipped with
AD-9™ air dryer to function properly when installed with
one.
the Holset Type “E or QE” compressor, several
specialized Holset components are required. Consult
10
your local authorized Holset parts outlet or sales 4. Locate the AD-9™ air dryer on vehicle so that a minimum
representative for additional information. of 11 inches (28 CM) clearance below the end cover is
6. Use of Standard or Extended Purge AD-9™ Air Dryer - available to allow servicing. Alternatively, provide access
Use the following guidelines: to the bracket bolts so the unit may be removed for
servicing.
Total Vehicle Reservoir 5. When choosing the mounting location for the AD-9™ air
Volume Requirement dryer, note the discharge line length requirements stated
Less than 9,000 cu. in. .................. Standard AD-9™ Air Dryer under the heading Connecting the Air Lines, elsewhere
9,000 - 12,500 cu. in. ........................... Extended Purge AD-9™ Air in this instruction sheet.
Dryer Important Note: Under normal operating conditions, the
Greater than 12,500 cu. in. ............ Contact Bendix Rep. or maximum inlet air temperature for the AD-9™ air dryer is
Bendix Engineering 160 degrees Fahrenheit.
VEHICLE PREPARATION MOUNTING THE AD-9™ AIR DRYER
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface and prevent movement 1. To install the lower mounting bracket on the AD-9™ air
by means other than the brakes. dryer, it will be necessary to remove and discard two of
2. Drain all reservoirs to 0 p.s.i. (0 kPa). the end cover bolts and lock nuts. To determine which
end cover bolts to utilize to attach the lower bracket,
LOCATING AD-9™ AIR DRYER ON VEHICLE take into consideration the piping connections required
1. The AD-9™ air dryer must be mounted vertically (purge to install the AD-9™ air dryer and use those that will best
exhaust toward road surface) outside the engine position the unit for ease of installation. Locate the
compartment in an area of air flow while the vehicle is in bracket such that it cradles the end cover as shown in
motion. The AD-9™ air dryer must not be exposed to Figure 2. Utilizing the two 2-3/8" long cap screws, lock
direct wheel splash (located behind axle mud flap is nuts and special washers provided with the AD-9™ air
acceptable). dryer retrofit unit, attach the lower mounting bracket and
2. Locate the AD-9™ air dryer as close to the first (supply) torque to 270-385 in. lbs.
reservoir as possible. 2. Assemble the mounting strap and upper mounting
™
3. Do not locate the AD-9 air dryer near heat producing bracket as illustrated in Figure 4, by utilizing the 5/16"
components such as the vehicle exhaust and make cap screw, 5/16" lockwasher and 5/16" nut provided.
certain adequate clearance from moving components 3. Place the upper bracket assembly onto the shell of the
(e.g. drive shaft, suspension, pitman arm, etc.) is AD-9™ air dryer and orient it so that it bears entirely on
provided. the cylindrical surface and does not extend onto the
domed top. The slot spacing between the upper and
lower bracket should be a minimum of 5.5 inches apart.
LOWER
BRACKET Do not tighten strap onto the shell at this time.
5/16" CAP
SCREW
STRAP BRACKET
←
SPECIAL
2-1/8" WASHER
←
END
COVER EXTRA
LONG
BRACKET
CAP SCREW
LOCK WASHER NUT
FIGURE 9 - LOWER BRACKET INSTALLATION
FIGURE 10 - UPPER MOUNTING BRACKET AND STRAP
11
CONTROL
(HIDDEN)
GOVERNOR
UNLOADER
PORT
DELIVERY
SUPPLY
COMPRESSOR
SAFETY VALVE RESERVOIR
CON #1
SUP TO RESERVOIR
10 AMP - 12V DEL
5 AMP - 24V #2
FUSE
14 GA WIRE
TO IGNITION
& GROUND
FIGURE 2 - AD-9™ AIR DRYER CHARGE CYCLE
4. A universal mounting plate (Pc. No. 248478) is available DISCHARGE LINE
to facilitate the mounting of the AD-9™ air dryer to the
vehicle. It can be obtained through an authorized Bendix General:
parts outlet. Refer to Appendix A, Table A for recommended discharge
5. Mount the AD-9™ air dryer on the vehicle using 3/8" bolts line lengths and sizes for various vehicle applications and
(grade 5 min.) and washers. Torque to 25 ft. Ibs. (300 vocations.
inch pounds.) After positioning and mounting the upper
PURGE EXHAUST LINE
bracket assembly according to the installation
requirements, torque the 5/16" nut to 80120 in. Ibs. to 1. If it is necessary to direct AD-9™ air dryer discharge
tighten strap onto the shell. contaminants away from vehicle components it may be
necessary to purchase a special exhaust cover for the
CONNECTING THE AIR LINES AD-9™ air dryer (Pc. No. 5003838) to replace the standard
exhaust cover furnished with the unit. A 1” (25.4 mm)
PURGE CONTROL LINE I.D. hose can be clamped on the special AD-9™ air dryer
1. Install a purge control air line having a minimum inside exhaust cover.
diameter of 3/16 inches between the AD-9™ air dryer
WIRING THE HEATER/THERMOSTAT
end cover control port and an unused unloader port on
the governor. The control line must be plumbed direct to 1. Determine the vehicle’s electrical system voltage and
the governor and not in series with automatic drain valves, make certain that the AD-9™ air dryer that is to be
lubrication systems, etc. installed contains the same voltage heater. Use the
2. The control line should slope downward to the end cover AD-9™ air dryer part number to confirm the proper voltage.
without forming potential water traps. The AD-9™ air dryer is available with either a 12 or 24
volt heater which uses 75 watts of power.
12
2. A two lead, 12 inch, wire harness with attached weather
resistant connector is supplied with all retrofit and
replacement AD-9™ air dryers. Connect one of the two
leads of the wire harness to the engine kill or ignition
switch. The remaining lead of the wire harness must be
connected to a good vehicle ground (not to the air dryer
or its mounting bracket). A fuse should be installed in
the power carrying wire; install a 10 amp fuse for 12 volt
heaters and a 5 amp fuse for a 24 volt heater.
3. Use 14 GA wire if it is necessary to lengthen the wire
harness provided with the AD-9™ air dryer. Make certain
all wire splices are waterproofed.
4. Tie wrap or support all electrical wire leading to the
AD-9™ air dryer at 6 - 8 inch intervals. Note: Wires should
have sufficient slack and not completely taught.
TESTING THE AD-9™ AIR DRYER
Before placing the vehicle in service, perform the following
tests:
1. Close all reservoir drain cocks.
2. Build up system pressure to governor cut-out and note
that the AD-9™ air dryer purges with an audible escape
of air.
3. “Fan” the service brakes to reduce system air pressure
to governor cut-in. Note that the system once again builds
to full pressure and is followed by a purge at the AD-9™
air dryer exhaust.
4. It is recommended that the following items be tested for
leakage to assure that the AD-9™ air dryer will not cycle
excessively.
(A) Total air system leakage (See Bendix publication
BW-5057 “Air Brake Handbook”).
(B) Compressor unloader mechanism.
(C) Governor.
(D) Drain cock and safety valve in first (supply) reservoir.
(E) All air connections leading to and from the first
(supply) reservoir.
13
AD-9™ AIR DRYER TROUBLESHOOTING CHART
SYMPTOMS CAUSE REMEDY
1. Dryer is constantly A. Excessive system A. If leakage IS SHOWN on gauges test for
“cycling” or purging. leakage. IMPORTANT: excessive service brake system leakage.
Dryer purges frequently Note whether air
Allowable leakage:
(every 4 minutes or less pressure loss is shown
on dash gauge(s). Pre-121 vehicles, single vehicles - 2 psi/
while vehicle is idling).
Pressure loss shown on minute.
gauges is caused by Tractor trailer - 3 psi/minute.
service brake system or
component leakage. 121 vehicles, single vehicle - 1 psi/minute per
Pressure loss NOT service reservoir.
SHOWN on gauges is Tractor trailer - 3 psi/minute per service
caused by supply reservoir. Repair and retest as required.
system or component
leakage.
If leakage is NOT SHOWN on gauges test for
excessive supply system leakage.
Remove drain cock or valve in supply reservoir (wet
tank) and install air gauge. Build system pressure,
allow air dryer to purge and observe air gauge in
supply reservoir. Pressure drop should not exceed 1
psi per minute. Perform tests 1 to 6 in the order
presented.
14
AD-9™ AIR DRYER TROUBLESHOOTING CHART
SYMPTOMS CAUSE REMEDY
1. Test fittings, hoses, lines and connections.
Apply soap solution to detect excessive
leakage. Tighten or replace as needed then
repeat the air dryer charge-purge cycle and
observe the gauge installed in the supply
reservoir. If leakage is within limits remove gauge
from reservoir and replace drain cock or valve. If
excessive leakage is detected, continue testing.
2. Test accessories connected to supply
reservoir. Drain all air pressure from system,
disconnect all air lines leading to accessories
(fan clutch, wipers, air seats, etc.) and plug the
reservoir at disconnection point. Build air system
pressure until air dryer purges and observe
supply reservoir gauge. If leakage is no longer
excessive, repair or replace leaking accessory. If
excessive leakage is detected, continue testing.
3. Test governor leakage. Build system pressure
to governor cut-out turn off engine and apply
soap solution to governor exhaust port and
around cap.). Leakage should not exceed a 1"
bubble in 5 seconds. Reduce system pressure
to 80 psi or less, and re-apply soap solution.
Leakage should not exceed a 1" bubble in 5
seconds. If excessive leakage is detected in
either test, repair or replace governor.
4. Test compressor unloader leakage. Drain all
air pressure from system and remove the
governor from the compressor. Temporarily plug
the governor unloader port or air line that mated
with, or connected to, the compressor. Build air
system pressure until air dryer purges then
IMMEDIATELY SHUT OFF THE ENGINE.
Observe the air gauge in the supply reservoir. If
leakage is within limits, replace the compressor
unloaders. Re-connect the governor to the
compressor (after removing plug installed in
governor) and retest while observing supply
reservoir gauge. If excessive leakage is
detected, continue testing.
5. Test air dryer purge valve and outlet
(delivery) check valve. Drain all air pressure
from system, remove the control line connection
at the air dryer and plug the end of the air line
leading to the governor (not the air dryer control
port). Build system pressure to governor cut-out
and observe air gauge. If little or no pressure
drop is observed replace the air dryer check
valve. If pressure drop continues apply soap
15
AD-9™ AIR DRYER TROUBLESHOOTING CHART
SYMPTOMS CAUSE REMEDY
solution to air dryer purge exhaust and purge
control port (where the control line was
removed). Leakage should not exceed a 1"
bubble in 5 seconds. If leakage is excessive
repair or replace purge valve assembly.
6. With gauge installed at RES port of governor,
pressure should not drop below “Cut-In” pressure
at the onset of the compressor “Unloaded”
cycle. If pressure drops, check for “kinks” or
restrictions in line connected to RES port. Line
connected to RES port on governor must be
same diameter, or preferably larger than, lines
connected to UNL port(s) on governor.
B. Leaking purge valve B. With the supply port open to atmosphere, apply
housing assembly and/or 120 psi at the control port. Apply a soap solution
o-rings in AD-9™ air dryer to the supply port and exhaust port (purge valve
end cover. seat area). Permissible leakage - 1" bubble in 5
seconds.
C. Holset “E” type C. Test the Holset E Compressor unloader system
compressor. with feedback line and check valve for proper
operation. Make certain Holset ECON is not in
use with the drop-in version of the air dryer, if so,
remove and retest.
Typical Drop-In Air Dryer End Cover
When installing a Bendix Drop-In air dryer in a
system equipped with a Holset E or QE
compressor, remove the Holset ECON valve along
with its feed back and governor control line.
16
AD-9™ AIR DRYER TROUBLESHOOTING CHART
SYMPTOMS CAUSE REMEDY
2. Water in vehicle A. Desiccant requires A. Replace desiccant cartridge.
reservoir. replacement - excessive
contaminants in
desiccant cartridge
assembly.
B. Improper discharge line B. Refer to section entitled “Connecting the Air
length or improper line Lines” as well as Appendix A, Table A columns
material. Maximum air 1 & 2 then check line size and length.
dryer inlet temperature is
exceeded.
C. Air system charged from C. If system must have outside air fill provision,
outside air source outside air should pass through air dryer. This
(outside air not passing practice should be minimized.
through air dryer).
D. Air dryer not purging D. See Symptom #5.
(see Symptom #5).
E. Purge (air exhaust) time E. Check causes and remedies for Symptom #1.
insufficient due to
excessive system
leakage (see causes for
Symptom #1).
F. Excessive air usage, F. See Appendix A, Table A, column 1, for
duty cycle too high - Air recommended compressor sizes. If the
dryer not compatible compressor is “too small” for the vehicle vocation
with vehicle air system (for example, where a vehicle’s vocation has
requirement (Improper air changed or service conditions exceed the original
dryer/vehicle vehicle or engine OE spec’s) then upgrade the
application). compressor. Note: The costs incurred (e.g.
NOTE: Duty Cycle is the installing a larger capacity compressor, etc.) are
ratio of time the compressor not covered under original compressor warranty.
spends building air to total Charge Cycle Time - The AD-9™ air dryer is
engine running time. Air designed to provide clean, dry air for the brake
compressors are designed system. When a vehicle’s air system is used to
to build air (run “loaded”) up operate non-brake air accessories it is necessary
to 25% of the time. Higher to determine that during normal, daily operation
duty cycles cause the compressor should recover from governor
conditions that affect air “cut-in” to governor “cut-out” (usually 100 psi to
brake charging system 120 psi) in 90 seconds or less at engine RPM’s
performance which may commensurate with the vehicle vocation. If the
require additional recovery time consistently exceeds this limit, it
maintenance. Factors that may be necessary to “bypass” the air accessory
add to the duty cycle are: air responsible for the high air usage. An example of
suspension, additional air where a by-pass system would be required is
accessories, use of an when the compressor is used to pressurize a
undersized compressor, tank trailer for purposes of off-loading product.
frequent stops, excessive Consult your local authorized Bendix parts outlet
leakage from fittings, or sales representative for additional information.
connections, lines,
chambers or valves, etc.
17
AD-9™ AIR DRYER TROUBLESHOOTING CHART
SYMPTOMS CAUSE REMEDY
Purge Cycle Time - During normal vehicle
operation, the air compressor must remain
unloaded for a minimum of 20 seconds for
the standard AD-9™ air dryer or 30 seconds
for the Extended Purge Model. These
minimum purge times are required to ensure
complete regeneration of the desiccant material.
If the purge time is consistently less than the
minimum, an accessory by-pass system must
be installed. Consult your local authorized Bendix
parts outlet or sales representative for additional
information.
European Air Brake Systems - Brake systems
that incorporate compressors without integral
unloading mechanisms and/or utilize a
compressor discharge line unloader valve have
special air dryer installation requirements.
Consult your local authorized Bendix parts outlet
or sales representative for additional information.
Air Compressor Size - Although the AD-9™ air
dryer can be used in conjunction with larger
compressors, it was designed primarily for units
rated for up to 17 CFM. It is recommended that
when using the AD-9™ air dryer with a
compressor which has a rated displacement
exceeding 17 CFM that an authorized Bendix
parts outlet or Bendix marketing representative
be contacted for assistance.
G. Air compressor G. Restricted discharge line. See Appendix A,
discharge and/or air Table A, column 1 & 2 for recommended sizes. If
dryer inlet temperature discharge line is restricted or more than 1/16"
too high. carbon build up is found, replace the discharge
line. Replace as necessary.
Discharge Line Freeze-Up. The discharge line
must maintain a constant slope down from the
compressor to the air dryer inlet fitting to avoid low
points where ice may form and block the flow. If,
instead, ice blockages occur at the air dryer inlet,
insulation may be added here, or if the inlet fitting is
a typical 90 degree fitting, it may be changed to a
straight or 45 degree fitting. For more information on
how to help prevent discharge line freeze-ups, see
Bendix Bulletins TCH-08-21 and TCH-08-22. Shorter
discharge line lengths or insulation may be required
in cold climates.
Insufficient coolant flow through compressor.
Inspect coolant line. Replace as necessary (I.D. is
1/2" min.). Inspect the coolant lines for kinks and
restrictions and fittings for restrictions. Replace as
necessary. Verify coolant lines go from engine block
to compressor and back to the water pump. Repair
as necessary.
18
AD-9™ AIR DRYER TROUBLESHOOTING CHART
SYMPTOMS CAUSE REMEDY
Restricted air inlet (not enough air to
compressor). Check compressor air inlet line for
restrictions, brittleness, soft or sagging hose
conditions etc. Repair as necessary. Inlet line size
is 3/4 ID. Maximum restriction requirement for
compressors is 25 inches of water. Check the
engine air filter and service if necessary (if possible,
check the air filter usage indicator).
Poorly filtered inlet air (poor air quality to
compressor). Check for leaking, damaged or
malfunctioning compressor air inlet components
(e.g. induction line, fittings, gaskets, filter bodies,
etc.). Repair inlet components as needed. Note:
Dirt ingestion will damage compressor and is not
covered under warranty.
If you found excessive oil present in the service
reservoir and you did not find any issues above, the
compressor may be passing oil.
Replace compressor. If still under warranty, follow
normal warranty process.
H. Compressor malfunction. H. If you found excessive oil present in the service
reservoir and you did not find any issues above,
the compressor may be passing oil. Test the
compressor using the BASIC cup method as
described in the Bendix compressor service
manual and referred to in Appendix A, Table A,
column 5.
Replace compressor. If still under warranty, follow
normal warranty process.
I. Air by-passes desiccant I. If vehicle uses Holset compressor, inspect
cartridge assembly. feedback check valve for proper installation and
operation.
When replacing the desiccant cartridge, make sure
desiccant cartridge assembly is properly installed
and sealing rings are in place on mounting surface
of desiccant cartridge.
Typical Drop-In Air Dryer End Cover
19
AD-9™ AIR DRYER TROUBLESHOOTING CHART
SYMPTOMS CAUSE REMEDY
J. Desiccant requires J. Replace desiccant cartridge assembly. Refer to
replacement. Appendix A, Table A columns 3 & 4 for
recommended intervals.
3. Oil present at air dryer A. Air brake charging A. Air dryers remove water and oil from the air
purge exhaust or system is functioning brake charging system. A small amount of oil is
cartridge during normally. normal. Check that regular maintenance is being
maintenance. performed and that the amount of oil in the air
tanks (reservoirs) is within the acceptable range
shown on the BASIC cup (see also column 5 of
Appendix A, Table A. Replace the air dryer
cartridge as needed and return the vehicle to
service.
4. Safety valve on air dryer A. Restriction between air A. Check to determine if air is reaching supply
“popping off” or dryer and supply (first) reservoir. Inspect for kinked tubing or hose.
exhausting air. reservoir. Check for undrilled or restricted hose or tubing
fittings and repair or replace as needed.
B. Air dryer safety valve B. Verify relief pressure is at vehicle or component
malfunction. manufacturer specifications. Replace if
malfunctioning.
C. Desiccant cartridge C. Refer to Appendix A Table A and column 3.
maintenance required. Check compressor for excessive oil passing
and/or correct compressor installation. Repair or
replace as necessary. Replace desiccant
cartridge.
D. Malfunctioning Defective D. Test to determine if air is passing through check
discharge check valve in valve. Repair or replace.
end cover of the AD-IP™
air dryer.
E. Excessive pressure E. Increase volume in discharge line by increasing
pulsations from length or diameter. Add a ping tank (small
compressor. (Typical reservoir).
single cylinder type).
F. Governor malfunction. F. Test governor operation and/or inspect the
Missing or restricted control line leading from the governor UNL
governor control line (unloader) port to the air dryer control port.
installation.
5. Constant exhaust of air A. Air dryer purge valve A. With compressor loaded, apply soap solution on
at air dryer purge valve leaking excessively. purge valve exhaust, to test for excessive
exhaust. (Charge leakage. Repair purge valve as necessary.
mode.)
B. Compressor fails to B. Confirm failure to unload by increasing &
unload (stop decreasing engine RPM and noting change in
compressing air) and air the rate of leakage and intensity of
dryer purge exhaust accompanying leakage sound. Repair/replace
makes “sputtering” or compressor unloaders.
“popping” sound.
20
AD-9™ AIR DRYER TROUBLESHOOTING CHART (Continued)
SYMPTOMS CAUSE REMEDY
C. Purge control line C. Purge control line must be connected to
connected to reservoir or unloader port of governor.
exhaust port of governor.
D. Purge valve frozen open - D. Test heater and thermostat as described in
malfunctioning heater Preventative Maintenance Section.
and thermostat, wiring,
blown fuse.
E. Excessive system E. See Symptom #1.
leakage.
F. Purge valve stays open - F. Repair purge valve and housing.
supply air leaks to
control side.
6. Can not build system A. Inlet and outlet air A. Connect compressor discharge to air dryer
air pressure. connections reversed. supply port. Reconnect lines properly.
B. Check valve between air B. Test check valve for proper operation. Repair or
dryer and first reservoir. replace as necessary.
C. Kinked or blocked C. Check to determine if air passes through
(plugged) discharge line. discharge line. Check for kinks, bends,
excessive carbon deposits, or ice blockage.
D. Excessive bends in D. Discharge line should be constantly sloping from
discharge line (water compressor to air dryer with as few bends as
collects and freezes). possible.
E. Refer to Symptom 4, E. Refer to Symptom #4, Remedies E & F.
causes E & F.
7. Air dryer does not purge A. Missing, broken, kinked, A. Inspect control line from governor UNL (unloader)
or exhaust air. frozen, plugged or port to control port of air dryer. Test to determine
disconnected purge air flows through purge control line when
control line. compressor unloaded. Check for undrilled
fittings. (See Symptom #4, Remedy C.)
B. Faulty air dryer purge B. After determining air reaches purge valve
valve. (Remedy A above), repair purge valve.
C. See Causes B, E, G for C. See Causes, B, E, G for Symptom #4.
Symptom #4.
8. Desiccant material A. This symptom is almost A. See Causes and Remedies for Symptoms 1, 2,
being expelled from air always accompanied by 3, 4 and 5.
dryer purge valve one or more of
exhaust (may look like Symptoms 1, 2, 3, 4 and
whitish liquid or paste 5. See related causes for
or small beads.) these Symptoms above.
- OR - B. Air dryer not securely B. Vibration should be held to minimum. Add
Unsatisfactory mounted. (Excessive bracket supports or change air dryer mounting
desiccant life. vibration.) location if necessary.
C. Malfunctioning or C. Replace desiccant cartridge assembly.
saturated desiccant
cartridge.
D. Compressor passing D. Check for proper compressor installation; if
excessive oil. symptoms persist, replace compressor.
21
AD-9™ AIR DRYER TROUBLESHOOTING CHART (Continued)
SYMPTOMS CAUSE REMEDY
E. Desiccant cartridge not E. Check the torque on the desiccant cartridge to
assembled properly to end cover attachment. Refer to assembly
end cover. (Loose section of this data sheet.
attachment)
9. “Pinging” noise A. Defective check valve A. Refer to Remedy C, Symptom #1.
excessive during assembly in AD-IP™ air
compressor loaded dryer end cover.
cycle. B. Leaking Turbo Cutoff B. Repair or replace purge valve assembly.
valve.
C. Leaking purge valve C. Repair or replace purge valve assembly.
control piston o-ring.
10. Constant seepage of air A. Defective check valve A. Refer to Remedy C, Symptom #1.
at air dryer purge valve assembly in AD-9™ air
exhaust (non-charging dryer end cover.
mode.) B. Leaking Turbo Cutoff B. Repair or replace purge valve assembly.
valve.
C. Leaking purge valve C. Repair or replace purge valve assembly.
control piston o-ring.
11. The air dryer purge A. Compressor fails to A. Faulty governor installation; no air line from
piston cycles rapidly in “unload”. governor to compressor or line is kinked or
the compressor restricted. Install or repair air line.
unloaded (non-
compressing) mode.
22
Appendix A
Table A: Maintenance Schedule and Usage Guidelines
Regularly scheduled maintenance is the single most important factor in maintaining the air brake charging system.
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5
Recom- Recom- Acceptable
Typical Discharge mended mended Reservoir
Compressors Line Air Dryer Reservoir Oil Contents3
No. of Spec'd Cartridge Drain at Regular
Vehicle Used for: Axles I.D. Length Replacement 1 Schedule2 Drain Interval
Low Air Use
Compressor with less than 15% duty 1/2 in. 6 ft.
cycle BASIC test
5 For oil carry-over acceptable
Bendix® Tu-Flo® 550 air compressor
e.g. Line haul single trailer
or control4 suggested Recom- range:
w/o air suspension, air over upgrades:
hydraulic brakes. less mended 3 oil units
5/8 in. 9 ft. per month.
Every 3 Every
Month - See
Compressor with up to 25% duty cycle Years
1/2 in. 9 ft. Max of every appendix
Bendix® BA-921™ air compressor
e.g. Line haul single trailer 5 90 days A.
with air suspension, or For oil carry-over
control4 suggested
school bus. less upgrades:
5/8 in. 12 ft. For the
BASIC
High Air Use Test Kit:
Order
Compressor with up to 25% duty cycle Bendix
P/N
5013711
Bendix® Tu-Flo® 750 air compressor
e.g. Double/triple trailer, open
highway coach/RV, (most)
pick-up & delivery, yard or 1/2 in. 12 ft.
terminal jockey, off-highway, Every 2
8 For oil carry-over
construction, loggers, concrete control4 suggested
Years
or
mixer, dump truck, fire truck. upgrades:
less
5/8 in. 15 ft. BASIC test
acceptable
Bendix® BA-922™, or DuraFlo™ 596 air
range:
Every 5 oil units
Month per month.
Compressor with up to 25% duty cycle
See
compressor
e.g. City transit bus, refuse, appendix
bulk unloaders, low boys, 5/8 in. 12 ft. A.
urban region coach, central
tire inflation. 12 Every
For oil carry-over Year
or control4 suggested
less upgrades:
3/4 in. 15 ft.
Footnotes:
1 With increased air demand the air dryer cartridge needs to be replaced more often. Note: Compressor and/or air dryer
2 Use the drain valves to slowly drain all reservoirs to zero psi. upgrades are recommended in cases
where duty cycle is greater than the
3 Allow the oil/water mixture to fully settle before measuring oil quantity. normal range (for the examples above).
4 To counter above normal temperatures at the air dryer inlet, (and resultant oil-vapor passing
upstream in the air system) replace the discharge line with one of a larger diameter and/or For Bendix® Tu-Flo® 550 and 750
longer length. This helps reduce the air's temperature. If sufficient cooling occurs, the oil- compressors, unloader service is
vapor condenses and can be removed by the air dryer. Discharge line upgrades are not recommended every 250,000 miles.
covered under warranty. Note: To help prevent discharge line freeze-ups, shorter discharge
line lengths or insulation may be required in cold climates. (See Bendix Bulletins TCH-08-21
and TCH-08-22, included in Appendix B, for more information.)
5 For certain vehicles/applications, where turbo-charged inlet air is used, a smaller size
compressor may be permissible.
23
Appendix B
Additional Troubleshooting Information
The troubleshooting procedure presented on the following pages has been excerpted from a laminated card entitled:
Troubleshooting Charging and Air Supply Systems. The complete card can be obtained from authorized Bendix parts
outlets under literature number BW1779. It is presented here because of the air dryers connection to the supply air system
and for convenience. The procedure is not all inclusive but rather represents the most commonly encountered complaints.
GOVERNOR STANDARD SINGLE CHECK VALVE LOW PRESSURE
(USED W/INTEGRAL PURGE AIR INDICATOR
DRYERS)
DASH
CONVENTIONAL GAUGE
SUPPLY SYSTEM
SAFETY REAR
& INTEGRAL PURGE VALVE
AIR DRYER
SUPPLY
TWO CYL.
COMPRESSOR
AIR DRYER FRONT
STANDARD SINGLE
CHECK VALVE
GOVERNOR SAFETY
VALVE DASH
GAUGE
HOLSET TYPE AIR LOW
"E & QE" DRYER REAR PRESSURE
INDICATOR
COMPRESSOR
WITH ECON SUPPLY
HOLSET
VALVE “E OR QE”
COMPRESSOR FRONT
HOLSET
ECON VALVE SPECIAL STANDARD SINGLE
SINGLE CHECK CHECK VALVE DRAIN COCK
("CHOKE" IN INLET)
SAFETY LOW PRESSURE
GOVERNOR VALVE INDICATOR
HOLSET TYPE DASH
"E & QE" AIR DRYER REAR GAUGE
COMPRESSOR
W/O ECON SUPPLY
HOLSET
VALVE “E OR QE”
COMPRESSOR
FRONT
SPECIAL SINGLE CHECK -
SINGLE CHECK PROTECTION VALVE
("CHOKE" IN INLET) (USED W/SYSTEM SINGLE CHECK VALVE (USED
PURGE AIR DRYERS) W/INTEGRAL PURGE AIR DRYERS)
24 BW1627 © 2004 Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems LLC • All Rights Reserved • 10/2004 • Printed in U.S.A.
DRAWING NUMBER REV.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 80889029 -
DRAWING NUMBER
80889029
PING TANK
REAR
SERVICE
FRONT RELAY RELAY
FRONT BRAKE
CHAMBERS
D D
AIR DRYER
AIR COMP.
M
REAR
SPRING
RELAY
EMERGENCY BRAKE NORMALLY CLOSED 85 PSI
VALVE PRESSURE SWITCH PRESS. REGULATOR
S PARK BRAKE LIGHT REAR BRAKE
D CHAMBERS
BRAKE PEDAL
VALVE
LOW
LOW AIR
AIR FRONT AIR SWITCH
FRONT
WHITE POINTER ON AIR GAUGE
REAR
(WHITE POINTER) SWITCH
GAUGE
#2 TANK (RH)
SPRING BRAKE REAR
VALVE S (RED POINTER)
55 PSI
18-FRONT
C DEL
65 PSI
C
C BRAKE BRAKE #1 TANK (LH)
LIGHT LIGHT
SWITCH SWITCH
RED POINTER ON AIR GAUGE
RES 150 PSI
42
INTERAXLE 3 5
DIFF LOCK INTERAXLE
VALVE DIFF. LOCK 31 5
(ON AXLE) REMOTE/TRAVEL 2 4
VALVE
(SHOWN IN TRAVEL) UPPER EMERGENCY BRAKE VALVE
(SETS SPRING BRAKES
WHEN IN REMOTE AND UPPER
ENGAGE / DISENGAGE 31 5
IGNITION SWITCH IS OFF)
BRAKE
B INTERFACE B
(OPTIONAL) 31 5
DIFF. LOCK REAR AXLE DIFF. VALVE
24 EXHAUST
VALVE LOCK
BRAKE
(ON AXLE)
VALVE (OPTIONAL) EXHAUST
24 BRAKE AIR CYLINDER
DISENGAGE / ENGAGE
OFF / ON
FRONT DRIVE
VALVE TRANSFER CASE
(6X6 ONLY) FRONT AXLE DRIVE TRANSFER CASE
(6X6 ONLY) REMOTE ENGAGEMENT
ENGAGE / DISENGAGE ENGAGE / DISENGAGE
REV ZONE DATE BY ER NO. DESCRIPTION CHKD
REVISIONS
A A
SPECIFICATIONS
GRADALL
DRAWN BY: JPG
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED:
1) DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M-1994 DATE: 26-Oct-15
1) THIS IS A PRO ENGINEER / WINDCHILL CONTROLLED DOCUMENT. 2) ALL WELDING TO STRUCTURAL WELD CODE-STEEL ANSI/AWS
2) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES. D1.1 CHK'D BY: SNM TITLE: SCHEMATIC ,
3) ALL DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES ARE # .060 DATE: 26-Oct-15
THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY OF GRADALL INDUSTRIES, INC. 4) MACHINE TOLERANCE TO BE # .015
AND CONTAINS PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 5) ALL ANGLES # 1 $ ER NO.: SO3429817 AIR, XL3100 SV
6) MACH. SURF. 125 CAGE CODE: MATL:
OF GRADALL. IT MAY NOT BE COPIED OR DISCLOSED TO ANY
THIRD PARTY WITHOUT GRADALL'S WRITTEN CONSENT AND IS MAX SIMILAR TO: SIZE DWG NO. REV
PROVIDED FOR THE LIMITED PURPOSE OF REVIEW AND EVALUATION.
NEXT 80700003 80889016 D 80889029 -
ASSY FINISH COAT REQ: N SCALE: EST WT: SHEET: 1 OF 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
DRAWING NUMBER REV.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 80889030 A
DRAWING NUMBER
(REF) HOSE ASS'Y
80889030 8688-3257 4X2
8368-3173 4X4
10
5
11
REAR SPRING REAR SERVICE
RELAY 8088-5017 RELAY 8088-5018
4
TANK #2 (RH)
GOVERNOR WHITE POINTER ON AIR GAUGE 3
FRONT 1
3
AIR BRAKE
CHAMBER 15
D D
AIR COMPRESSOR TANK #2
BULKHEAD
17 2
TANK #1
7 BULKHEAD 1
17
REAR
AIR BRAKE
CHAMBER
(REF) HOSE ASS'Y.
8472-2727
TANK #1 (LH)
RED POINTER ON AIR GAUGE
8
FRONT 14
AIR BRAKE
16
CHAMBER
PING TANK
C C
14 32
OPTIONAL EXHAUST
BRAKE VALVE ASS'Y
8078-5102 TRANSFER CASE
28 15
4X4 SHOWN
24 3 FROM TANK #2 13
TO EXHAUST BRAKE 2
4 1
28 AIR DRYER 14 5 BULKHEAD
AIR CYLINDER
32 (REF) HOSE ASS'Y
8472-2095
32
13
27
(REF) HOSE ASS'Y REAR
8472-2096 AIR BRAKE
27 29 CHAMBER
22 DASH PANEL
27 26
21
B B
23 INTERFACE 5
VALVE
28
10 7
SEAT 8
BRAKE PEDAL
VALVE 9 12
UPPER EMERGENCY
29 BRAKE VALVE
6 16
22 FRONT RELAY
REGULATOR FULL ADJ
11 9
4
2
21 SPRING BRAKE 25 FRONT SERVICE
VALVE RELAY
25
20 REMOTE TRAVEL A C7 11MAR16 CTR EC160102 (REF) HOSE ASS'Y WAS 8472-2727 WAS 8472-2094 SNM
26
VALVE
REV ZONE DATE BY ER NO. DESCRIPTION CHKD
23 DOUBLE CHECK
12
24
VALVE REVISIONS
A A
SPECIFICATIONS
GRADALL
DRAWN BY: JPG
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED:
1) DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M-1994 DATE: 27-Oct-15
1) THIS IS A PRO ENGINEER / WINDCHILL CONTROLLED DOCUMENT. 2) ALL WELDING TO STRUCTURAL WELD CODE-STEEL ANSI/AWS
2) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES. D1.1 CHK'D BY: SNM TITLE: DIAGRAM ,
3) ALL DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES ARE # .060 DATE: 27-Oct-15
THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY OF GRADALL INDUSTRIES, INC. 4) MACHINE TOLERANCE TO BE # .015
AND CONTAINS PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 5) ALL ANGLES # 1 $ ER NO.: SO3429817 AIR, XL3100 SV
6) MACH. SURF. 125 CAGE CODE: MATL:
OF GRADALL. IT MAY NOT BE COPIED OR DISCLOSED TO ANY
THIRD PARTY WITHOUT GRADALL'S WRITTEN CONSENT AND IS MAX SIMILAR TO: SIZE DWG NO. REV
PROVIDED FOR THE LIMITED PURPOSE OF REVIEW AND EVALUATION.
NEXT 80700003 80889017 D 80889030 A
ASSY FINISH COAT REQ: N SCALE: 1:1 EST WT: SHEET: 1 OF 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PowerCore® PCD Air Cleaners
POWERCORE® AIR CLEANERS
Service Instructions
This servicing information is provided as a best practices guide. It is not intended to replace or supersede
the service instructions supplied by your engine or vehicle manufacturer. Note: Your air cleaner service
cover may be in a different position than shown.
1 Check the Restriction
Replace the filter only when the restriction level has reached
the maximum recommended by the engine or equipment
manufacturer or on a regular scheduled service.
2 Remove the Primary Filter
Push down on the service handle to tilt the filter to a 5º angle. This
will loosen the seal. Then, pull up on the service handle to remove
the filter from the housing.
3 Visually Inspect the Safety Filter
Remove any excess dirt and wipe out the housing with a damp
cloth before servicing the safety filter. Visually inspect the safety
filter but do not remove it unless it is damaged or due for change-
out. Verify that the safety filter is properly seated in the housing.
The safety filter should be replaced every three primary filter
changes.
NEVER use a pressure sprayer to clean out the
air cleaner housing while it is installed on the machine.
4 Remove Safety Filter if Indicated or if
Excessively Contaminated
To remove the safety filter, use the plastic handle on the face of
the safety filter. Pull the filter toward the center of the housing and
remove it. Ensure that the outlet tube sealing area is clean
and undamaged. If the safety filter is removed and the new filter is
not to be installed immediately, be sure to cover the seal tube with
a cloth so that dirt is not admitted. After removing the safety filter,
wipe the air cleaner housing interior and seal surfaces with a clean,
damp cloth.
5 Inspect the New Filters
Visually check for cuts, tears or indentations on the sealing
surfaces and the media pack before installation. If any damage is
visible, do not install.
The safety filter should
be replaced every three
primary filter changes.
Continued on next page
www.buydonaldson.com Engine Air Filtration • PCD Insert 7
PowerCore® PCD Air Cleaners
POWERCORE® AIR CLEANERS
Service Instructions
6 Replace the Safety Filter
If replacing the safety filter, use the plastic handle.
Slide the filter at an angle into the outlet side and push
it in place until the filter seats firmly and evenly within
the housing.
7 Insert the Primary Filter
Slide the filter down at approximately a 5º angle until
it makes contact with the end of the housing. Rotate
the filter toward the outlet section to complete the
seal.
8 Replace the Service Cover
Place the service cover in position and fasten the
metal latches. If the cover doesn’t seat, remove
and re-check the filter position and access cover
orientation.
9 Inspect the Entire Air Cleaner
System
Make sure that inlet and outlet connections are in
good condition. Torque to and do not exceed 40 in • lb.
Replace rubber connectors if necessary and reset the
service indicator.
8 PCD Insert • Engine Air Filtration www.buydonaldson.com
Page 3 of 6
GRADALL INDUSTRIES, INC.
80709019 FINAL TEST REPORT - MODELS 3100 SV, 4100 SV, 5100 SV
SALES ORDER # SERIAL NUMBER DATE
PRESSURE TESTS (All at high idle. Hydraulic oil 100oF min except where noted
*. Standard boom configuration and 60" ditching bucket.) GAGE LOCATION 3100 SV 4100 SV 5100 SV INITIAL FINAL
1 ENGINE SPEED (RPM) - SET BODEM/BODAS SOFTWARE
a HIGH IDLE Laptop 1850 - 1950
b LOW IDLE Laptop 1050-1100
2 FLUSHING PRESSURE (NO FUNCTIONS MOVING) G1 (Heater/AC Manifold) 360 - 570
3 PILOT PRESSURE Pilot Valve A1 500 - 650
4 PUMP DIFFERENTIAL (BOOM OUT BOTTOMED) * G1 - Main Valve LS 300-320
5 LS CUTOFF (BOOM CYLINDER RETRACTED) * X @ Valve 4950 - 5050
6 OIL COOLER FAN (With engine idling, adjust oil cooler fan Imn to 1000 mA. Heat oil to 150oF
minimum. Unplug temperature sensor to turn fan at max speed. Set engine at full throttle. Readjust oil cooler Pilot Valve G 3450 - 3550
fan Imn value to achieve desired pressure.)
7 SWING
a SWING MOTOR HIGH STAGE RELIEF PRESSURE - LEFT MA (@ Swing Motor) 3600 - 3800 4400 - 4600 4700 - 4900
b SWING MOTOR HIGH STAGE RELIEF PRESSURE - RIGHT MB (@ Swing Motor) 3600 - 3800 4400 - 4600 4700 - 4900
c SWING REGULATOR PRESSURE - LOW STAGE * MA (@ Swing Motor) 900 - 1100
d SWING REGULATOR PRESSURE - HIGH STAGE * MA (@ Swing Motor) 2900 - 3100 4100 - 4300 4450 - 4550
e DYNAMIC BRAKING - RIGHT * MA (@ Swing Motor) 2000 - 2200 2500 - 2700 2900 - 3100
f DYNAMIC BRAKING - LEFT * MB (@ Swing Motor) 2000 - 2200 2500 - 2700 2900 - 3100
8 TRAVEL
a HIGH STAGE - FULL SPEED POWER REVERSE - FORWARD Motor G Port 4750 - 4900 5075 - 5300
b HIGH STAGE - FULL SPEED POWER REVERSE - REVERSE Motor G Port 4750 - 4900 5075 - 5300
c LOW STAGE - FULL SPEED & LET OFF (BRAKING) - FORWARD** Motor G Port 2900 - 3100 3700 - 3850
d LOW STAGE - FULL SPEED & LET OFF (BRAKING) - REVERSE** Motor G Port 2900 - 3100 3700 - 3850
9 STEERING (Turn wheels to stop & hold in remote operation) G @ Steering Valve 1950 - 2050
Mechanical Setting (Pump HP Solenoid Coil
MAIN PUMP POWER SETTING - ENGINE DRAWDOWN RPM (Tool Removed) 1400 - 1600
10 stalled, hoist up and boom out at full speed) * BB-3 or Laptop
Electrical Setting (Pump HP Solenoid Coil
SET AFTER CYCLE TIMES COMPLETED Installed) 1725 - 1825
11 TILT
a TILT MOTOR CCW (INSIDE RELIEF VALVE) MLS(@ VALVE) 2450-2750 (STD) / 4750-4950 (360)
b TILT MOTOR CW (OUTSIDE RELIEF VALVE) MLS(@ VALVE) 2450-2750 (STD) / 4750-4950 (360)
12 BOOM EXTEND PORT RELIEF G1 (Heater/AC Manifold) 3200 - 3400
13 HOIST DOWN PORT RELIEF G1 (Heater/AC Manifold) 3300 - 3500
14 AUXILIARY (OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT) "A" PORT G1 (Heater/AC Manifold) 3000 - 3200
15 AUXILIARY (OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT) "B" PORT G1 (Heater/AC Manifold) 3000 - 3200
16 BOOM RETRACT PORT RELIEF X @ Valve 5075 - 5200 NOT FACTORY CHECKED
17 HOIST LOCK VALVE (BOOM STARTS TO DRIFT WITH LOAD) X @ Valve 5000 - 5100 NOT FACTORY CHECKED
18 HOIST UP PORT RELIEF (BOOM STARTS TO FALL WITH LOAD) X @ Valve 5100 - 5175 NOT FACTORY CHECKED
19 TOOL OPEN PORT RELIEF X @ Valve 5075 - 5200 NOT FACTORY CHECKED
20 TOOL CLOSE PORT RELIEF X @ Valve 5075 - 5200 NOT FACTORY CHECKED
CHECKED BY CLOCK #
ALL VALUES TO BE MEASURED WITH HEATER OFF AND AIR CONDITIONER OFF
* MEASURE WITH HYDRAULIC OIL TEMPERATURE 120-150oF (may require the oil cooler to be blocked off) - SEE BOTTOM OF NEXT PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SETTING INFORMATION
** SET TIMES FOR 100 FT PROPEL SPEEDS PRIOR TO DYNAMIC BRAKING PRESSURE ADJUSTMENTS
INSTALL TAMPER-PROOF CAPS AFTER ALL ADJUSTMENTS (1-15 ABOVE) ARE COMPLETE
REVISION: (-) I:\Engineering\TESTRPT\Series V 2/10/2016
Page 4 of 6
GRADALL INDUSTRIES, INC.
80709019 FINAL TEST REPORT - MODELS 3100 SV, 4100 SV, 5100 SV
SALES ORDER # SERIAL NUMBER DATE
GRADE MODE mA
CYCLE TIME TESTS (All at high idle. Hydraulic oil 100oF min except where noted INITIAL FINAL (set less than std. by:)
*. Standard boom configuration and 60" ditching bucket.) 3100 SV 4100 SV 5100 SV TIME TIME mA actual mA
1 BOOM OUT* (LEVEL) 4.8 - 5.2 4.9-5.2 6.0-6.5
(-100mA)
2 BOOM IN* (LEVEL) 5.0 - 5.4 5.4-5.8 5.8-6.5
(-100mA)
3 HOIST UP* (WITH BOOM IN, RAISE FROM GROUND TO CUSHION SWITCH) 2.5 - 3.1
(-75mA)
4 HOIST DOWN* (WITH BOOM IN, LOWER FROM BOOM STOP TO GROUND) 2.0 - 3.2 2.5 - 3.5
(-75mA)
5 TOOL OPEN 2.8 - 3.2
(same)
6 TOOL CLOSE 2.6 - 3.8
(same)
7 SWING RIGHT 360o (BOOM IN OR OUT) 8.0 - 9.0
(-50mA)
8 SWING LEFT 360o (BOOM IN OR OUT) 8.0 - 9.0
(-50mA)
9 PROPEL FORWARD (100 FT; CREEPER OFF) 14 - 16
N/A
10 PROPEL REVERSE (100 FT; CREEPER OFF) 14 - 16
N/A
11 PROPEL FORWARD (100 FT; CREEPER ON) 28 - 32
N/A
12 AIR CONDITIONER MOTOR SPEED (RPM)** (OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT) 2000 - 2150
N/A
CHECKED BY CLOCK #
* ADJUST Imin CURRENT SUCH THAT Imin IS 50 Ma BELOW ACTUAL BEGIN OF MOTION
(EXAMPLE OBSERVE BOOM OUT PHYSICALLLY STARTS MOVING AT 325 Ma. SET Imin = 275 Ma)
* ADJUST Imax CURRENT SUCH THAT Imax IS NOT MORE THAN 25 Ma ABOVE THE REQUIRE CURRENT FOR RECORDED SPEED
(EXAMPLE OBSERVE BOOM OUT T = 4.8 SECONDS AT 1000 Ma. REDUCING Imax SHOWS THAT LOWEST Imax FOR T = 4.8 SECONDS IS 925 Ma. SET Imax = 925-950 mA)
** MEASURE WITH HEATER AND AIR CONDITIONER OFF; HYDRAULIC OIL TEMPERATURE 120-150oF (may require the hydraulic oil cooler to be blocked off)
REVISION: (-) I:\Engineering\TESTRPT\Series SV 2/10/2016
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