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GR-5 Maths

This document outlines the key topics covered in a 5th grade mathematics class for the first period, including: properties of addition and multiplication; multiplying whole numbers by decimals; multiplying and dividing decimals; divisibility rules; and finding the least common multiple (LCM) and greatest common factor (GCF). Examples and practice problems are provided for each topic.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

35 views5 pages

GR-5 Maths

Uploaded by

MarcusKlahnTokoeJr.

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

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GRADE FIVE MATHEMATICS FIRST PERIOD NOTES

Period One Outlines

i. Properties of addition and multiplication
ii. Multiplication of whole numbers by decimals
iii. Multiplication of decimals
iv. Divisibility rules
v. Division of decimals by whole numbers
vi. LCM and GCF

UNIT I: PROPERTIES OF ADDITION AND MULTIPLICATION

There are two main properties of both addition and multiplication. They are the commutative
property and the associative property.

o The Commutative Property Of Multiplication (CPM) says that, changing the order
of factors does not change the product. That is, a x b = b x a.
Example: 2 x 5 = 5 x 2
o The Associative Property Of Multiplication (APM) says that, changing the grouping
of factors does not change the product. That is, (a x b) x c = a x (b x c).
Example: (3 x 2) x 5 = 3 x (2 x 5)
o The Commutative Property Of Addition (CPA) says that, changing the order of the
addends does not change the sum. That is, a + b = b + a.
Examples: 3 + 7 = 7 + 3
o The associative property of addition says that, changing the grouping of the addends
does not change the sum. That is, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c).
Example: (10 +5) + 20 = 10 + (5 + 20)

Practice Questions
1. Use mental math or the property of addition to find each sum. (a) 16 + 4 (b) 5 + 49
(c) 2.2 + 4.8
2. Use mental math or the property of addition to find each sum. (a) 18 + 15 + 2 (b) 17 +
8 + 3 (c) 1.6 + 2.25 + 2.4
3. Use mental math or the property of multiplication to find each product. (a) 50 x 3 (b)
2 x 15
4. Use mental math or the property of multiplication to find each product. (a) 2 x 10 x 5
(b) 2 x 15 x 4
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1) (a) 16 + 4 = 4 + 16 = 20

(b) 5 + 49 = 49 + 5 = 54

(c) 2.2 + 4.8 = 7

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ANSWERS TO PRACTICE QUESTIONS

3) (a) 18 + 15 + 2 = (2 + 18) + 15 = 20 + 15 = 35
(b) 17 + 8 + 3 = (3 + 17) + 8 = 20 + 8 = 28
(c) 1.6 + 2.25 + 2.4 = (1.6 + 2.4) + 2.25 = 4 + 2.25 = 6.25

3) (a) 50 x 3 = 3 x 50 = 150

(b) 2 x 15 = 15 x 2 = 30

4) (a) 2 x 10 x 5 = (2 x 5) x 10 = 10 x 10 = 100

(b) 2 x 15 x 4 = (2 x 15) x 4 = 30 x 4 = 120

UNIT II: MULTIPLICATION OF WHOLE NUMBER BY DECIMAL

To multiply a whole number by a decimal number, we write the decimal number up, write
the whole number below it and then multiply.

Worked Examples: Perform the following operations.

1) 1.24 2) 3.45 3) 5.123 4) 2.75
x 2 x 5 x 4 x 3
= 2.48 = 17.25 = 20.492 = 8.25

UNIT III: MULTIPLICATION OF DECIMALS

To multiply decimals, treat the factors as whole numbers. Then multiply. When finished,
count the decimal places in both factors. Lastly, use the total to locate the decimal point in
the product.

Example: Multiply 2.4 x 1.2

Step 1: Treat the factors as whole numbers. we now have 24 and 12

Step 2: Multiply. We will say 24

x 12
48
24
=288
Step 3: Count the decimal places in both factors. Here each has one decimal place giving a
total of two decimal places.

Step 4: Use the total number of decimal places to locate the decimal point in the product.
Doing so, we get 2 8 8 = 2.88
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Practice problems

Perform each of the following operations: (a) 5.28 x 3 (b) 1.852 x 2 (c) 11.56 x 2
(d) 2.1 x 2.4 (e) 1.5 x 3.3 (f) 7.2 x 1.4 (h) 8.1 x 10.2 (i) 2.473 x 4

UNIT IV: DIVISIBILITY RULES

Divisibility rules are those rules used to find out the integers by which a given number
is divisible without a use of calculator or carrying out manual division.

The below are some basic divisibility rules

Rule for 1: All numbers are divisible by 1.
Rule for 2: A number ending with 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 is divisible by 2.
Rule for 3: A number is said to be divisible by 3 if and only if the sum of its digits is
divisible by 3.
Rule for 4: A number is said to be divisible by 4 if and only if its last two digits is
divisible by 4.
Rule for 5: A number ending with 0 or 5 is divisible by 5.

Worked Examples
1) Use the concepts of divisibility rules to state whether the numbers 306 and 450
are divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5

Solution 1 for 306

 The number 306 is divisible by 2 because its last digit is 6.
 The number 306 is divisible by 3 because 3 + 0 + 6 = 9, is divisible by 3.
 The number 306 is not divisible by 4 because its last two digits (06) is not
divisible by 4.
 The number 306 is not divisible by 5 because its last digit is not 0 or 5.

Solution 2 for 450

 The number 450 is divisible by 2 because its last digit is 0.
 The number 450 is divisible by 3 because 7 + 9 + 2 + 0 = 18, is divisible by 3.
 The number 450 is divisible by 4 because its last two digits (20) is divisible by 4.
 The number 450 is divisible by 5 because its last digit is 0.
2) Use table method to state whether the numbers, 220, 231, 495 and 20202 are
divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5 Write yes when the number is divisible or no if it is not
divisible.

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Solution:

Number Divisible by 2 Divisible by 3 Divisible by 4 Divisible by 5

220 yes No yes yes
231 no Yes no no
495 no Yes no yes
20202 yes Yes no no

UNIT V: DIVISION OF DECIMAL BY WHOLE NUMBER

Worked Example: Divide 6.24 2

3.12 -The divisor, 2, goes into 6 three times so we write 3 up.

6.24 -The Multiply divisor, 2, by the 3 you wrote up. To get 6 then apply (–) on it.
2 –6 -Subtract the lower 6 from the upper 6. This give us 0, write 2.
02 -write the decimal point. The divisor, 2, goes into 2 one time. Write 1 up.
–2 -Multiply the divisor, 2, by the one you wrote up to get 2 and then apply (–) on it.
04 -subtract the lower 2 from the upper 2. This give 0, write 4.
–4 -The divisor, 2, goes into 4 two times so write 2 up.
0 -multiply the divisor by the 2 to get 4 and then apply (–) on it.
-Subtract the lower 4 from the upper 4. This give 0. Your quotient becomes 3.12

Perform each operation: (a) 6.84 2 (b) 4.34 2 (c) 6.54 2 (d) 6.25 2

UNIT VI: LCM AND GCF

The least common multiple of two or more numbers is the least multiple common to all the
numbers. One main characteristic of the LCM of two or more numbers is that, it does not
give any remainder when divided by each of the given numbers. A multiple of a number is
the product of that number and any nonzero whole number.

Procedure used to find the LCM of two or more numbers.

Step 1: write the prime factorization for each of the numbers in the set.

Step 2: circle the factors which are common to any two or three or all of the numbers in the
set.

Step 3: Every set of numebers circled vertically are to be represented by only one of the
numbers circled.

Step 4: Finally, multiply the numbers represented by those circled by those which are not
circled and then write your result. If there are no common factors, upon carrying out the
factorization, multiply the given numebers, and then write the result as the LCM.

Worked examples
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1) Determine the LCM for a) 12 and 20 b) 15 and 27 c) 5 and 12

a) 12 = 2 x 2 x 3 b) 15 = 3 x 5 c) 5 = 5

20 = 2 x 2 x 5 27 = 3 x 3 x 3 12 = 2 x 2 x 3