HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE
FACULTY OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
Course
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK
Chapter INTRODUCTION TO
TELECOMMUNICATION
1 NETWORK
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. Email: tttnguyen@hcmus.edu.vn
Lecturer
Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D.
Contact:
Email: tttnguyen@hcmus.edu.vn
Microsoft Teams
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 2
Networking and Communications Trends
The seven major trends in telecommunications:
Rapid technological innovation has resulted in a proliferation
of new hardware devices and new alternatives for business
communications.
Continuing telecommunications deregulation has
encouraged competition and created many alternatives.
Distinctions between telephone, cable television, Internet,
and satellite telecommunication are blurred.
Telephone networks and computer networks converging
into a single digital network using Internet standards
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 3
Networking and Communications Trends
Growing dominance of Internet technologies in voice, video,
and data communications
Rapid growth in “last-mile” high-speed broadband
connections to homes and businesses
Rapid growth in wireless telephone, wireless computer
networks, and mobile Internet devices
Growing scope of communication-intense services and
products
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 4
Scope of the course
Telecommunications environment provides connectivity by
providing communication channels for text, voice, and video
images.
The network infrastructure for a large corporation consists of
many different kinds of networks for both data and voice
communication.
Most of these different kinds of networks are moving towards a
common Internet foundation.
Aim of the course is to introduce you to the world of
telecommunication networks so that you could
know the science being used in running this network
Use this knowledge in your professional field
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 5
Scope of the course
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 6
Course Lay-out
Lec 1: Introduction to Telecommunication Network.
Lec 2: Layering, Protocol Stacks.
Lec 3: Switching (Circuit & Packet).
Lec 4: Data & Signals (Physical Layer).
Lec 5: LAN (DataLink Layer).
Lec 6: Routing.
Lec 7: Modern Communication Networks.
Course textbook:
“Data and Computer Communications” by William
Stallings, Pearson, 2013, ISBN: 0133506487
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 7
Schedule
2 credits / 30 periods.
4~5 periods/day.
Totally in 7 days
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 8
Evaluation
Class assignments: 20 points
Group report: 20 points
Final examination: 50 points
Attendance > 5 days: 10 points
Total = 100 points
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 9
Presentation and Examination
Group presentation:
6 students/group.
Report is submitted in PDF format.
Final examination:
Single choice.
25 questions.
45 minutes.
Offline
Can use the support documents.
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 10
I Network Introductions
11
What is “Connectivity” ?
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 12
Building Blocks
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 13
Connect each node with every other node?
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 14
Switched Networks
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 15
Switched Networks
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 16
A Network
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 17
Switching Strategies
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 18
Multiplexing
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 19
II Data Communication
20
Fundamental Characteristics
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 21
Five Components of Data Communication
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 22
Direction of data flow
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 23
Networks: key issues
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 24
Terminology
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 25
Network topologies
Topology defines the way hosts are connected to the
network.
A goal of any topology
High throughput (bandwidth)
Low latency
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 26
Bandwidth and Latency
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 27
Categories of Topology
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 28
Mostly used network topologies
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 29
A hybrid topology
A star backbone with three bus networks
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 30
Hierarchical organization of the Internet
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 31
Internet Network Architecture
The Internet backbone connects to regional
networks, which in turn provide access to
Internet service providers, large firms, and
government institutions.
Network access points (NAPs) and metropolitan
area exchanges (MAEs) are hubs where the
backbone intersects regional and local networks
and where backbone owners connect with one
another.
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 32
Components of a Simple Computer Network
Illustrated here is a very simple computer network,
consisting of computers, a network operating system
residing on a dedicated server computer, cabling (wiring)
connecting the devices, network interface cards (NIC),
switches, and a router.
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 33
III Wireless Revolution
34
Wireless Revolution
Cellular systems
Competing standards for cellular service
o United States: CDMA
o Most of the rest of the world: GSM
Next generation networks: Higher transmission speeds
suitable for broadband Internet access
o Third-generation (3G) networks
o 4G
o 5G
o 6G
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 35
Wireless Revolution
Wireless computer networks and Internet access
Bluetooth (802.15)
o Links up to 8 devices in 10-m area using low-power,
radio-based communication
o Useful for personal networking (PANs)
Wi-Fi (802.11)
o Set of standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g,
802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be
o Used for wireless LAN and wireless Internet access
o Use access points: Device with radio
receiver/transmitter for connecting wireless devices to
a wired LAN
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 36
A Bluetooth Network (PAN)
Bluetooth enables a
variety of devices,
including cell phones,
PDAs, wireless
keyboards and mice,
PCs, and printers, to
interact wirelessly
with each other
within a small 30-foot
(10-meter) area. In
addition to the links
shown, Bluetooth can
be used to network
similar devices to send
data from one PC to
another, for example.
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 37
An 802.11 Wireless LAN
Mobile laptop computers
equipped with wireless
network interface cards
link to the wired LAN by
communicating with the
access point. The access
point uses radio waves to
transmit network signals
from the wired network to
the client adapters, which
convert them into data
that the mobile device can
understand. The client
adapter then transmits the
data from the mobile
device back to the access
point, which forwards the
data to the wired network.
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 38
Radio frequency identification (RFID)
RFID uses low-powered radio transmitters to read data stored in a tag at
distances ranging from 1 inch to 100 feet. The reader captures the data from the
tag and sends them over a network to a host computer for processing.
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 39
Wireless sensor networks
The small circles represent lower-level nodes and the
larger circles represent high-end nodes. Lower-level
nodes forward data to each other or to higher-level
nodes, which transmit data more rapidly and speed
up network performance.
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 40
QA
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D.
Ho Chi Minh City University of Science
Faculty of Electronics and Communications
Department of Telecommunication and Networks
Email: tttnguyen@hcmus.edu.vn
Appendix - Introduction
Developments of fixed (wired) access networks are driven by
services and related demands on network infrastructure, including:
1.Bandwidth adequate for all services, stable performance, and
reliability
2.Low cost
3.Continuity of “lifeline” services in emergency situations
Krzysztof Borzycki, FTTx Access Networks: Technical Developments and Standardization, 2017
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 42
Appendix - Introduction
The majority of traffic today is generated by video services.
During the last 15 years, the increase of resolution rose from
320 × 240 clips and 640 × 480 standard definition (SD)
broadcasts to 4 K (3840 × 2160) now and 8 K (7680 × 4320)
8 K broadcasts with H.265 coding require a 75–100 Mb/s bit
rate, exceeding the requirement of voice service (64 kb/s) by a
factor of 1500.
Video is predicted to constitute 81% of all consumer Internet
traffic in 2021, with the latter growing at an annual rate of
26%.
Krzysztof Borzycki, FTTx Access Networks: Technical Developments and Standardization, 2017
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 43
Appendix - Introduction
Top download rates offered to residential
customers in the USA.
Krzysztof Borzycki, FTTx Access Networks: Technical Developments and Standardization, 2017
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 44
Appendix - Introduction
Available bandwidth rises faster than demands imposed by
streaming services.
While SD video in 2005 required 2–6 Mb/s, which digital
subscriber line (DSL) networks barely delivered, full HD needs 10–
15 Mb/s today, while 40–100 Mb/s access is available in FTTH,
FTTC, and data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS)
3.0 networks. Even the 100 Mb/s required for an 8 K video after
2020 is well below top rates (200 Mb/s–10 Gb/s) in current FTTH
and DOCSIS 3.1 networks.
Krzysztof Borzycki, FTTx Access Networks: Technical Developments and Standardization, 2017
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 45
Appendix - Introduction
Is there a fundamental limit to the demand for faster Internet
access?
Because the performance of the human brain and senses
(primarily vision) is limited. In particular, the resolution of 4 K and
8 K video already matches or exceeds the capacity of human
vision, while adding a 3D and surround capacity will probably
increase the streaming data rate by a factor of 2–4x, to some
300 Mb/s. Best audio (192 kHz sampling, 24-bit coding, six
channels, uncompressed) needs only approx. 30 Mb/s.
There is the need for rapid transfer of massive files with movies,
games, or photos.
Backup of data stored on a PC to cloud storage.
Transfer of 20 TB from a machine with the two largest hard
disk drives available now (10 TB) in 5 hours requires 10 Gb/s,
exactly the fastest fiber access available in 2017 .
Krzysztof Borzycki, FTTx Access Networks: Technical Developments and Standardization, 2017
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 46
