Chapter#1, Introduction
SSUET/QR/111
Fall Semester 2016
Data Communication CE - 312
Department of Computer
Engineering, SSUET
CE - 312
Instructor: M. Rehan Rasheed
Course Information
Site: http://dcom312-16.blogspot.com
E-mail: murasheed@ssuet.edu.pk
Text Books:
Data and Computer Communications, 8th Edition, William Stallings.
Reference:
CE - 312
Dcom-CE-312
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring Internet,
4th Edition 2007.
Data Communications and Networking, 4th Edition, Behrouz A.
Forouzan. 2006
Instructor: M. Rehan Rasheed
Chapter#1, Introduction
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Part 1
Overview of
Data Communications
and
Networking
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Instructor: M. Rehan Rasheed
Overview
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Chapter#1, Introduction
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Data Communication
What is Communication?
Transfer of information between two devices via some form of
medium. (wire cable or internet).
Local communication usually occurs face to face.
You use computer communication when you connect to the
Internet.
Telecommunication.
Includes telephony, telegraphy, and television, means
telecommunication at a distance.
Tele is Greek for far.
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Data Communication
Effectiveness of Data Communication Systems
Delivery
Accuracy
Timeliness
Jitter (variation in packet arrival time)
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Chapter#1, Introduction
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Topics discussed in this section:
Five components of data communication.
Data Representation ( text, numbers, image, Voice, video)
Data Flow
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Data flow (simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex)
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Networks
Set of devices (nodes) connected by a communication
links.
Node Computer, Printer, or any other device capable of sending or
receiving data generated by other nodes on the network.
Distributed Processing in which task is divided among
multiple computers.
Network Criteria network must be able to meet a certain
number of criteria.
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Network Criteria
Performance measured in many ways. i.e.
Number of users.
Type of transmission medium.
Capabilities of connected hardware.
Efficiency of software.
Reliability is measured by the frequency of failure, the time it
takes a link to recover from a failure.
Security protecting data from unauthorized access.
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Chapter#1, Introduction
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Type of Connection
Point to Point
Dedicated link between two devices.
Microwave of satellite links.
Television and remote makes point to point link.
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Type of Connection
Multipoint
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Multidrop - more than two specific devices can share a single link.
Spatially shared connection several devices use the link
simultaneously.
Time share connection.
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Categories of topology
Refers to the way in which a network is laid out physically.
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Categories of topology
star topology connecting four stations
Bus topology connecting three stations
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mesh topology (five devices)
Ring topology connecting six stations
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Categories of networks
Determined by its size, ownership, distance covered and
physical architecture.
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Local Area Network (LAN)
Usually privately owned and links the devices in a single
office, building, or campus.
Size is limited to few
kilometers.
Common topologies are bus,
ring, and star.
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Chapter#1, Introduction
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Local Area Network (LAN)
(Continued)
High data rate 4 /10 /16mbps to 100mpbs or gigabits.
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Extend over entire city, wholly owned and operated by a
private company.
Telephone companies provide MAN service called
Switched Multi-megabit Data Services (SMDS).
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Chapter#1, Introduction
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WANs: a switched WAN and a point-to-point WAN
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Internet today
The Internet
The Internet has
revolutionized many
aspects of our daily lives.
It has affected the way we
do business as well as the
way we spend our leisure
time. The Internet is a
communication system
that has brought a wealth
of information to our
fingertips and organized it
for our use.
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A heterogeneous network made of four WANs and two LANs
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Hierarchical organization of the Internet
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Protocols and Standards
Protocols define format, order of messages sent and received
among network entities, and actions taken on messages
transmission, receipt
Standards, which are agreed-upon rules.
Why standards? Required to allow for interoperability
between equipment
Advantages
Ensures a large market for equipment and software
Allows products from different vendors to communicate
Disadvantages
Freeze technology
May be multiple standards for the same thing
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Whats a protocol?
A human protocol and a computer network protocol:
Hi
TCP connection
req.
Hi
TCP connection
reply.
Got the
time?
2:00
Get http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/index.htm
time
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<file>
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Key Organizations
Standards organizations provide forums for discussion, help turn
discussion into formal specifications
Most standards organizations have specific processes for turning
ideas into formal standards.
They all iterate through several rounds of organizing ideas,
discussing the ideas, developing draft standards, voting on all or
certain aspects of the standards, and finally formally releasing the
completed standard to the public.
Some of the better-known standards organizations follow:
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)An
international standards organization responsible for a wide range of
standards, including those relevant to networking. This
organization is responsible for the OSI reference model and the OSI
protocol suite.
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Key Organizations (cont)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)The coordinating body for
voluntary standards groups within the United States. ANSI is a member of
ISO. ANSIs best-known communications standard is FDDI.
Electronic Industries Association (EIA)A group that specifies electrical
transmission standards. EIAs best-known standard is EIA/TIA-232
(formerly RS-232).
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)A professional
organization that defines:
Network standards. IEEE LAN standards (including IEEE 802.3 and
IEEE 802.5) are the best-known IEEE communications standards and are
the predominant LAN standards in the world today.
International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) (formerly the Committee for International
Telegraph and Telephone [CCITT])An international organization that
develops communication standards. The best-known ITU-T standard is X.25.
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Key Organizations (cont)
Internet Activities Board (IAB)A group of internetwork researchers
who meet regularly to discuss issues pertinent to the Internet. This
board sets much of the policy for the Internet through decisions and
assignment of task forces to various issues.
Some Request for Comments (RFC) documents are designated by the
IAB as Internet standards, including Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP).
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