Paolo Martin S.

Cominguez June 13, 2022

CHN NCM 113 Lecture Task 1

I. Define the following terms:

a. Public Health according to:
 Dr. C.E. Winslow - His definition of public health, written in 1920,
helped to shape the discipline and is still, 95 years later, cited as the
standard: “Public Health is the science and the art of preventing
disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and
efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation
of the environment, the control of community infections, the
education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the
organization of medical and nursing service for the early
diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the
development of the social machinery which will ensure to every
individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the
maintenance of health; organizing these benefits in such fashion
as to enable every citizen to realize his birthright of health and
longevity.”
 Dr. C.E. Winslow
b. Public Health Nursing according to WHO
 Public health nursing is a systematic process that assesses a
population's health and health care requirements to identify
subpopulations, families, and individuals who might benefit from
health promotion or who are at risk of sickness, injury, disability,
or premature death.
c. Public Health Nursing according to:
 Ruth Freeman - “A service rendered by a professional nurse
with communities, groups, families, individuals at home, in
health centers, in clinics, in school, in places of work for the
promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick at
home and rehabilitation.”
 Jacobson - A learned practice discipline with the ultimate goal of
contributing as individuals and in collaboration with others to the
promotion of the client's optimum level of functioning thru'
teaching and delivery of care (Jacobson)
 Dr. Araceli Maglaya - “The utilization of the nursing process in the
different levels of clientele-individuals, families, population groups
and communities, concerned with the promotion of health, prevention
of disease and disability and rehabilitation.” (Maglaya, et al)
II. Discuss briefly the following beliefs that guide the CHN Practice:

 Humanistic values of the nursing profession upheld

  Humanistic principles indicated that common nursing values
defend human dignity and patients' respect. These values
assess their actions, which influence their aims, tactics, and
function, and their primary obligation is to care for clients and
patients who need suitable and safe treatment.
 Unique and distinct component of health care
 The health-care product is ill-defined, the result of care is
unknown, nonprofit providers control substantial sectors of the
business, and payments are handled by other parties such as
the government and commercial insurance.

 Multiple factors of health considered

 These promote and support community efforts to explore issues
affecting people's health.

 Active participation of clients encouraged

 Organized community organizations are encouraged to
participate in activities that address community needs and
interests.

 Nurse considers the availability of resources

 offers the foundation for CHN practice Its major goal is to
expand the use of public health metrics within the context of the
overall CHN endeavor.

 Interdependence among health team members practiced

 Each member is assisted in understanding how his or her effort
improves the entire organization.

 Scientific and up-to-date

 Maintaining correct records is an important societal obligation
since they are used in studies and research as well as legal
documents.

 Tasks of CHN vary with time and place

 It is the availability of the community to participate in an event
organized by CHN nurses.

 Independence or self-reliance of the people is the end goal

 Because the major goal should be achieved at the conclusion of
the nursing care process, the ultimate goal is independence or
self-reliance. It is important to practice self-care, which we
describe as the ability to care for oneself via awareness, self-
control, and self-reliance in order to attain, maintain, or promote
optimal health and well-being.

 Connectedness of health and development regarded

 The connections you form via people, locations, and social
activities can help to protect your physical and emotional health.
 Healthy relationships with family, friends, lovers, and coworkers,
as well as having a pet, are known to reduce anxiety and
depression and boost self-esteem.

III. Concepts of the Community

A. What are the types of Communities? Define each briefly.
 Rural - Rural villages are located in areas where dwellings are
extremely far apart. Many people associate rural communities
with farms. This is because, in most rural towns, individuals
have a lot of property and may have a lot of plants and animals.
Rural towns exist, although they are often smaller and lack as
many buildings and jobs.
 Urban - Cities are home to urban communities. These are
regions where people live in close quarters, and there is almost
always something going on or some type of noise. The latest
and finest products are frequently available in urban areas. They
offer a lot of resources for a lot of people, as well as a lot of
housing possibilities.
 Suburban - Suburban areas are a hybrid of urban and rural
settings. A suburban region will provide many of the same
amenities as a city. You will also have plenty of space to wander
about and enjoy some nature. Suburban regions are home to
many communities across the world. This enables individuals to
commute into the city for work and then return to the suburbs at
night and on weekends.
B. What are the Characteristics of a Healthy Community?
 A healthy community is one in which all citizens have access to
a good education, safe and healthy housing, appropriate work,
transportation, physical exercise, and nutrition, as well as good
health care.
C. Enumerate the Components of a Community
 Practices - Practices include recurring behaviors, rituals, and
traditions. In Singapore, the terms “programs”, “initiatives”,
“habits”, or “activities” are more commonly used in place of
“practices”. Whichever of these terms you use, it’s important to
understand how practices shape community.
 Developers - The term "developer" comes from the community
development school of thought. In this series, "developer" refers
to persons who build interdependence among members of a
community toward a better-shared future. Developers can also
organize, manage, or support different parts of a community, as
well as stimulate collaborations and exchanges among
members.
 Members - A community's pillars are its members. They are
driven to join or engage in groups because they feel they will
gain value from doing so. At the same time, they recognize the
 contributions of other members. Friendship, connection, and
understanding among members help to strengthen the
community.
 Outcomes/Success - For some developers, the desired
conclusion and a sign of success are when members take
responsibility and progress to development jobs. Celebrating
accomplishments is one way to keep a community going.
 Culture - Culture has an important role in defining people’s
identities in connection to their community. It manifests itself via
habits and rituals, as well as formal community rules.
Community culture impacts members' experiences and is
important enough to determine whether they remain or leave.
 Vision/Beliefs - Vision is vital for community development.
Communicating the community's vision and goals is critical for
the community to have clarity and direction as they strive toward
a shared objective. A vision may emerge not just from the
creator, but also from the members.
 Trust - Trust is an essential component of a flourishing
community. According to studies, three major factors influence
trust: authenticity, rationality, and empathy. People believe in
you when they believe they are communicating with the real you
(authenticity) when your judgment is good and your talents
deliver (logic), and when they feel cared for and listened to
(empathy). Leaders may create conditions that foster trust
among individuals and organizations.
D. Discuss the factors affecting the health of the community
 Characteristics of the Population – The effectiveness of a
community development plan will be determined by how much
people care about their neighborhood. When there is a lot of
interest, people will be eager to put in the effort to make things
better. Because there is little to no interest, it is doubtful that
anything will be completed anytime soon.
 Location of the Community - The locations, amount, and quality
of health care providers vary by region, and services may be
unavailable in areas where they are most needed. Access to
health care is determined by socioeconomic position, cultural
and social standards, and transportation networks, in addition to
distance to health facilities.
 Social Systems within the Community - People with greater
salaries are generally healthier and live longer lives than those
with lower incomes. They are more likely to live in safe areas.
They have easier access to grocery shops and nutritious foods.
They generally have easier access to safe places to exercise or
engage in other activities.
D. Identify the Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse
 ROLES
 Planner/Programmer
 Identifies needs, priorities, and problems of individuals,
families, and communities
 Formulates municipal health plan in the absence of a
medical doctor
 Interprets and implements the nursing plan, program
policies, memoranda, and circulars for the concerned staff
personnel
 Provider of Nursing Care
 Provides direct nursing care to sick or disabled in the home,
clinic, school, or workplace
 Develops the family’s capability to take care of the sick,
disabled, or dependent member
 Provider of Nursing Care
 Provides direct nursing care to sick or disabled in the
home, clinic, school, or workplace
 Develops the family’s capability to take care of the sick,
disabled, or dependent member.
 Coordinator of Services
 Coordinates with individuals, families, and groups for
health-related services provided by various members of the
health team
 Coordinates nursing program with other health programs
like environmental sanitation, health education, dental
health, and mental health.
 Trainer/Health Educator
 Identifies and interprets training needs of the RHMs,
Barangay Health Workers (BHW), and pilots
 Conducts training for RHMs and pilots on promotion and
disease prevention
 Conducts pre- and post-consultation conferences for clinic
clients; acts as a resource speaker on health and health-
related services
 Initiates the use of tri-media (radio/TV, cinema plugs, and
print ads) for health education purposes
 Conducts pre-marital counseling

Activities
 Providing essential input to interdisciplinary programs that monitor, anticipate,
and respond to public health problems in population groups. Providing health
education, care management, and primary care to individuals and families
who are members of vulnerable populations and high-risk groups.
 Assessing, observing, and speaking to patients
 Recording details and symptoms of patient medical history and current health
 Preparing patients for exams and treatment
 Administering medications and treatments, then monitoring patients for side
effects and reactions
 Creating, implementing, and evaluating patient care plans with the medical
team
 Performing wound care, such as cleaning and bandaging them
 Assisting in medical procedures as needed
 Operating and monitoring medical equipment
 Drawing blood, urine samples, and other body fluids for lab work
 Educating patients and family members on treatment and care plans, as well
as answering their questions
 Supervising licensed practical and vocational nurses, nursing assistants, and
nursing students