Community Public Health

- Collection of locality-based “Through organized community

individuals, interacting in effort”
social units, and sharing - Organized, legislated, and tax-
common interests, supported
characteristics, values, and 9 Essential Public Health
goals. Functions (WHO)
- Allender et al., 2009 1. Health situation monitoring
o Sense of unity or and analysis
belonging 2. Epidemiological surveillance /
- Lundy and Janes disease prevention and
o Exhibit a commitment control
with one another 3. Development of policies and
- Clark planning in public health
o Function collectively 4. Strategic management of
- Shuster and Geoppinger health systems and services
o Society’s institutions, for population health gain
informal groups, and 5. Regulation and enforcement
aggregates to protect public health
Health 6. Human resources
- WHO development and planning in
o Complete: public health
 Physical 7. Health promotion, social
 Mental participation and
 Social empowerment
 Spiritual 8. Ensuring the quality of
o Not merely the absence personal and population-
of disease or infirmity based health service
- Murray 9. Research development, and
o Purposeful, adaptive implementation of innovative
responses and public health solution
processes Nursing
- Nola Pender - Assisting:
o Goal directed behavior, o Sick individuals to
competent self-care, become healthy
and satisfying o Healthy individuals
relationship with others achieve optimum
Community Health / Public Health wellness
Dr. C.E. Winslow, Public Health is a Community Health Nursing
science and art of 3P’s: - Synthesis of nursing practice
- Prevention of disease and public health applied to
- Prolonging life promoting and preserving the
- Promotion of Health and health of populations (ANA,
efficiency through organized 1980)
community effort - Subspecialties
Jacobson o Public Health Nursing
- Achievement of OLOF through o School Nursing
health teaching o Occupational Health
o Optimum Level of Nursing
Functioning o Home Health
 o Hospice Care M – ultiple factors of health
o Independent Nurse considered
Practice A – ctive participation of clients
Focus encouraged
- Health Promotion N – urse considers the availability of
- Disease Prevention resources
Ultimate Goal of CHN I – nterdependence among health
- To raise the level of health of team members practiced
the citizenry S – cientific and up-to-date
- Enhance the capacity of T – asks of CH nurses vary with time
individuals, families, and and place
communities to cope with I – ndependence or self-reliance is
health needs end goal
Mission of Public Health C – onnectedness of health and
- Social Justice that entitles all development regard
people to necessities such as: Principles of CHN
o Adequate income Community – patient in CHN Family
o Health protection – unit of care. Client is an active
Freeman (Public Health) partner.
- Technical nursing, CHN practice is affected by
interpersonal, analytical, and developments in health technology.
organizational skills are Goal is achieved through
applied to problems of health multisectorial efforts
as they affect the community 4 levels of clientele:
- Evaluation or control of 1. Individual
threats to health, for health 2. Family
education of the public and 3. Population group
for the mobilization of the 4. Community
public for health action FEATURES OF CHN
CHN (Maglaya et al) - Population or Aggregate
- Utilization of the nursing Focused
process in the different levels o Hallmark of CHN.
of clientele, individual, family, Whole community is
community, and population the patient/client
groups concerned with: - Greatest good for the
o Promotion of health greatest number is the
o Prevention of disease emphasis
o Disability and - Utilization of Nursing Process
rehabilitation - Promotive-Preventive by
Philosophy and Principles of Nature
CHN - Uses a variety of instruments
Philosophy – system of beliefs that - Requires management skills
provides a basis for guide and Differents Field of CHN
action. Provides direction and School HEALTH NURSING
describes whats, whys, and hows  The application of nursing
CHN Philosophy: theories and principles in the
H – umanistic values of the nursing care of the school population
profession  Focus: Promotion of health
U – nique and distinct components and wellness of students and
of healthcare teachers
  Primary Role: Ensure  Occupational Hazards
educational potential is not o Physical
hampered by unmet health o Chemical
needs o Biological
o Mechanical
Functions of the School Nurse o Psychosocial
 School Health and Nutrition Functions of OH nurse (DOLE, 1996)
Survey  Organizing and administering
 Establishment of a functional health service program
school clinic  Providing nursing care to
 Comprehensive Health injured or ill workers
Assessment  Participating in:
 Implementation of Standard o Health maintenance
Vision Testing for School examination
Children o The maintenance
 Thorough Ear Examination examination
 Accurate Height and Weight o The maintenance of
Measurement for Nutritional occupational health
Status Determination and safety
 Efficient Medical Referrals  Maintaining a reporting and
 Prompt Attendance to records system
Emergency Cases
 Student in Health Counseling COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
Services NURSING
 Engaging in Health and  Concerned with the promotion
Nutrition Education Activities of mental, prevention of
 Formation of School- mental health disorders
Community Health and Goals:
Nutrition Councils  Promotion of mental health
 Effective Control of  Decrease health-related
Communicable Diseases effects of a stressful lifestyle
 Creation of a Comprehensive  Reduction of prevalence of
Data Bank on School Health mental ill health and
and Nutrition disorders

Occupational HEALTH NURSING Functions of CMH nurse:

 Conserving health workers in  Treatment Planning
all occupations  Medication Management
 Mission: every man and  Assessment
woman in the country is safe  Counseling
and in healthful working  Family Support
conditions  Education
 R.A. 1054 - Occupational  Facilitate Services with
Health Act Visiting Psychiatrists
o Occupational nurse
must be employed Hospice Home Care
when there are 30-100  Renders to terminally ill
employees and the  Provide comfort to improve
workplace is more than QoL
1km away from the  Provide support to the patient
nearest center and family
  Palliative care is particularly CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY
important COMMUNITY (Hunt, 1997; Duhl,
2022)
EntrepreNurse  A shared sense of being a
 Project initiated by DOLE in community based on history
collab with: and values.
o Board of Nursing  A general feeling of
o DOH empowerment and control
o PNA over matter that affect the
 Introduces a home healthcare community as a whole
industry  Existing structure that allow
subgroups within the
Aims of Entreprenurse: community to participate in
 Reduces the cost of decision making in
healthcare for country’s community matters
indigent population by bringin  The ability to cope with
primary health care services change, solve problems, and
to poor rural communities community through
 Maximize employment acceptable means
opportunities  Open channels of
 Utilize the country’s communication and
unemployed human resources cooperation among the
for health for the delivery of members of the community
public health services  Equitable and efficient use of
community resources, with
TYPES OF COMMUNITY (Maurer & the view towards sustaining
Smith, 2009) natural resources
Phenomenological (Functioning)
 Place is abstract, people Aims of a Healthy Community
share group perspective or  Achieve a good quality of life
identity based on:  Create a health-supportive
o Culture environment
o Values  Provide basic sanitation and
o History hygiene needs
o Interests  Supply access to healthcare
o goals
Geopolitical (Territorial) Components of a Community
 Mos traditionally recognized  Environment
or imagined when considering  People
the term community  Economy
 Natural and man made  Culture
boundaries include:  Health
o Barangays  Quality of Life
o Municipalities
o Cities Factors Affecting Health of the
o Provinces Community
o Regions 1. Characteristic of the
o Nations
populations
2. Location of the community
3. Social system within the
community
Roles and Activities of CHNurse i. Proportion of people
 Health provider living in urban compared
 Health educator to the rural areas
 Program implementer b. Crowding Index
 Community organizer i. Indicates ease by which
 Manager/Leader a communicable disease
 Researcher / Epidemiologist can be transmitted from
 Client Advocate one host to another
 susceptible host
Tools c. Population Density
1. Demography i. Congestion of the places
a. Study of population size, Vital Statistics
composition & spatial - Study of the characteristics of
distribution as affected by human populations
births, deaths & migration, - Comprises of important
2. Health indicator events in human life
A. Sources of demographic data o Birth, death, fetal death,
Primary data – original data marriage, divorce,
collected for a specific purpose by a annulment, judicial
researcher separation, adoption,
- Census – official and periodic legitimation, and
enumeration of the population recognition
- De jure – enumeration of indiv Health Indicators
as of where they reside - List of info that determine
regardless of where they are health of a particular
- De facto – where they are found community like:
in the census o Population crude birth
- Sample survey – sample of a rate, crude death rate,
given population infant and maternal
death rates, neonatal
Secondary data – collected by death rates, and
other individuals for some specific tuberculosis death rate.
purposes
- Continuing Population
Registers – collected by civil
registrar’s office deal with
recording vital vents like births,
deaths, marriages, and divorce

B. Population Size
- Number of people in a given
time and place
C. Composition
- Population is characterized in
relation to age, sex,
occupation, or education level
D. Distribution
- How people are distributed in
a specific geographic location
a. Urban-Rural Distribution
 Life Expectancy
- PH in 2024 71.79 years for both
sex
PH health situation
- Made significant investments and
advances in health in recent
years. Rapid economic growth
and strong country capacity
- Health insurance now covers
92% of the population.
Demography
- Current population of the PH is
116,008,401 as of Tuesday, sept
3, 2024
- PH population is 1.42% of total
world population
- PH Ranks 14 in the list of
countries by population
- Median Age in PH: 25.7 Years
- 48.7% population is urban
(56,434,179)

Philippines Health Situation (COVID

19)
Leading Causes of Morbidity - Proclamation no. 297: Lifting of
- 2020, morbidity rate per 100,000 the state of public health
population of acute upper emergency throughout the PH
respiratory tract infection was due to covid-19
approx. 652.9 in PH
- Tuberculosis per 100,000:43.1 in Philippines Health Situation (MPOX)
the country
- 8 active cases of mpox as of - Increase, often sudden, in the
September 1, 2024 number of cases of a disease
above what is normal and
expected
Population Density Outbreak
- 389 people per km^2 (1006 - Epidemic but used for a more
people per square mile) limited geographic area
calculated on a total land area of Cluster
298,170km^2 - Aggregation of cases grouped in
place and time that are
suspected to be greater than the
number expected
Pandemic
- Epidemic that has spread over
several countries or continents

Epidemiology and the Nurse

Epidemiology
- Study of distribution and
determination of health-related
states or events in specified
population and control of heath
problem. Focuses on freq and
pattern of health events
Communicable Disease
- Spread from 1 person to another
Noncommunicable Disease
- Chronic disease which are the
result of genetic, physiological,
environmental, and behavioral
factors
Epidemiological Process and
Level of Disease Occurrence Investigation
Sporadic Screening and Surveillance
- Refers to a disease that occurs - Important in identifying risk
infrequently and irregularly factors and monitoring health
Endemic and disease conditions in the
- Constant presence of a disease population.
Hyperendemic Screening
- Refers to persistent, high levels - Active search or process of
of disease occurrence detection for disease or disorders
Epidemic
 among apparently healthy
people
- Identify risk factors and diseases
in the earliest stage.
Surveillance
- Systematic, ongoing and analytic
process of monitoring to
scrutinize disease condition
- Investigating the distribution and
possible causes of disease and
conditions within the population
Surveillance Programs:
 Event-based Surveillance
- Rapid detection, notification,
verification and assessment
of public health events such
as clusters of disease, rumors
of unexplained deaths
 Indicator-based surveillance
- Routine reporting of cases of
diseases
 Disease Surveillance
- Continuous scrutiny of
occurrences of diseases and
health-related events to
enable prompt intervention
for the control of diseases
 Disease Notification
- Integral part of disease
surveillance
 Examples:
- Philippine Integrated Disease
Surveillance and Response
(PIDSR)
 Enhanced surveillance
that monitors notifiable
diseases and other health-
related events
- Unified Registry Systems on
Chronic Noncommunicable
Diseases, Injury Related
cases, Persons with
Disabilities and Violence
Against Women and Children.