IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks Using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and
Rice Husk Ash for Medium Traffic
Barun Kumar1 Rashmi Sakale2 Devansh Jain3 A.K Jha4
1
M.tech Scholar 2,4Associate Professor 3Assistant Professor
1,2
Truba Institute of Engineering and IT 3UIT-RGPV 4Bhopal Laxmi Narian College of Technology
Abstract— Strong unreinforced pre-cast bond concrete paver
blocks is a flexible, tastefully appealing, practical, II. MANUFACTURING OF PAVER BLOCKS
financially savvy and requires next to zero support if How paver block is manufactured for experimental work is
effectively produced and laid. Paver blocks can be utilized described below. 80mm thick Paver block of M-40 grade is
for distinctive movement classifications i.e. Non-movement, cast for the experimental work. For manufacturing of paver
Light-activity, Medium-traffic, Heavy-traffic and Very blocks certain Steps is followed which is given below.
heavy traffic. In present study work paver blocks of M-40
grade of concrete of 80mm thickness for medium activity A. Dimension of the Paver Blocks
with differing rate of nylon fiber i.e. 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, For manufacturing of paver block first we have decide that
0.4%,0.5% is utilized to enhance the compressive strength is size of the paver block, which is according to manufacturer
thrown. Subsequent to discovering ideal rate of nylon fiber, is given below:
the same is utilized as consistent alongside Fly Ash and Rice Shape: I section
Husk Ash in shifting rate 10%, 20%, 30% is added as bond Length: 200 mm
substitution to analyze the progressions in compressive Width: 160 mm
strength and flexure strength of paver block. Thickness = 80 mm
Key words: Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash, Nylon fiber, Aspect ratio (L/T) = 200/80 = 2.5 < 4.0 as per IS 15658 :
Compressive strength, Paver block 2006

I. INTRODUCTION B. Calculation Of Area By IS 15658 : 2006

1) Plan Area (Asp)(Method 1)
Cement solid tiles and clearing blocks are precast strong
items made out of cement. The item is made in different The test example should be weighted, while suspended by
sizes and shapes viz. rectangular, square and round blocks of metal wire, and totally submerged in water, and the weight
might be recorded in N to closest 0.01N (Wa). They should
distinctive measurements with outlines for interlocking of
be expelled from water and permitted to deplete for one
adjoining tiles blocks. The crude materials required for
moment by putting them on a 10mm coarser wire network.
assembling of the item are Portland cement and aggregates
Noticeable water on the example might be evacuated with a
which are accessible locally in all aspects of the nation
applications. Thus, the unit may be set up in urban and semi- clammy material. The example should be quickly weighed
urban ranges, close to the business sector. A considerable and the weight for every example noted N to the closest
0.01N (WW). the volume of example should be computed as
measure of cosmetic touch up is being given to streets, trails
takes after:
along the roadside. Solid clearing blocks are perfect
Volume = (WW – Wa) 10-3 m3
materials on the pathways for simple laying, better look and
The volume shall be divided by thickness to obtain plan area
wrap up. While the tiles discover broad use outside the
expansive building and houses, loads of these materials are in mm2.
likewise utilized as a part of ground surface in the open Volume = 0.0002 m3
Area= 28589.32 mm2
zones of open workplaces and business structures and
2) Plan Area (Asp)(Method 2)
private flats.
The example might be set, wearing face confronting up, on
We all know for asphalt of paver block required
high compressive strength and to expand the compressive cardboard and its edge is followed with the pencil. The
strength of paver blocks different endeavors have been shape might be cut precisely with the scissors and weighted
to the closest 0.0001N, and the outcome recorded as mass
made. In this specific study M40 paver blocks have been
(msp). A rectangle measuring 200mm x 100mm cut out
cates of 80 mm thickness for medium activity and to expand
from same cardboard should likewise be weighted to closest
its compressive strength Nylon fiber is added to concrete.
0.0001 N, and result recorded as mass (mstd). the
In present study work paver blocks of M-40
evaluation of 80mm thickness for medium movement with arrangement range for the block might be computed from
fluctuating rate of nylon fiber (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, the equation:
0.4%,0.5%) is utilized to enhance the compressive strength
is thrown. In the wake of discovering ideal rate of nylon
fiber, the same is utilized as steady alongside Fly Ash and
Rice Husk Ash in differing rate (10%, 20%, 30%) is
included (as cement replacement) to inspect the progressions Msp= 0.020 Kg
in compressive strength and flexure strength of paver block. Mstd= 0.014 Kg
Area (Asp) = 28571.4286 = 28572 mm2

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 Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks Using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash for Medium Traffic
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/089)

3) Selection of Ingredient 1) Specific Gravity Test

All fixing utilized as a part of this venture is chosen Specific gravity test of all material are performed in
according to procurement given under IS 15658 : 2006, laboratory and their results are given in table 1 below:
Cement utilized for undertaking is Ordinary Portland cement S. No. Material Specific Gravity
of evaluation 43., Rice husks are the hard securing covers of
1. Cement 3.15
grains of rice. Notwithstanding ensuring rice amid the
2. Fine Aggregate 2.56
developing season Rice husk is taken from Bhagrava krishi
Farm, Vidisha where rice is taken from homestead and after 3. Coarse Aggregate 2.75
that by offer of thrasher some assistance with ricing and rice 4. Rice Husk Ash 2.35
husk are isolated, and after that this rice husk is blaze. The
5. Fly Ash 2.50
smoldering procedure of rice husk proceeds around 48
hours. Following 48 hours rice husk fiery remains stay Table 1: Results of Specific Gravity Test
untouched for 12 hours because of cooling procedure. At 2) Fineness Modulus
that point rice husk cinder experiences a mechanical Fineness modulus of cement and aggregates are performed
procedure of pounding to make rice husk fine, on the and it is observed that Fineness modulus of material are
grounds that finer husk gives better result when it is satisfactory.
supplanted by cement in cement. Fly slag is gathered from S. No Material Fineness modulus
Dirk india Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal where they bring fly fiery 1. Cement 3.8
debris from all over india and afterward they make solid 2. Rice Husk Ash 3.2
utilizing fly slag. So fly powder is gathered dirk plant and 3. Fly Ash 2.7
utilized as a part of cement for test work. Locally accessible 4. Fine Aggregate 3.29
nylon fiber is utlilized and Water utilized as a part of paver 5. Coarse Aggregate 7.44
blocks is adjusting the determination of IS 456 : 2000. Table 2: Results for fineness modulus of materials
Water utilized for blending is free from damaging measure 3) Water Absorption of Aggregates
of oils, acids, soluble bases, salts, sugar, natural materials or Water absorption test of the concrete is performed in
different substances that may be pernicious to concrete. laboratory, water absorption of fine aggregate is 0.206 and
Characteristic waterway sand, which free from natural of coarse aggregate is 1.023.
pollutions is utilized as a part of this undertaking alongside 4) Bulking Of Sand
10 mm most extreme estimated pulverized regular stone is Bulking of sand is not required because mix is designed for
utilized as coarse aggregate. Blend Design is done of cement weigh batching and by sieve analysis and gradation curve
of M-40 grade according to IS 10262 : 2009 and curing is sand comes in Zone II so correction for bulking is required.
done in clean water, which is gathered from research center But, bulking of sand is calculated and its value is 24%.
tab and free pollutions at room temperature.
B. Workability
III. EXPERIMENT AND RESULTS 1) Workability of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks
Table 3 and graph 1 shows workability of the concrete with
Experiment performed in this project with their test result nylon fiber and it has been observed that nylon fiber
and discussion on compressive strength development of decreases workability of the concrete
control concrete, Nylon Fiber Concrete, Fly Ash and Rice
Mix Slump (mm)
Husk Ash with Nylon Fiber Concrete paver blocks and
Concrete at different curing period, and also different test
results which is carried on different materials is discussed Standard Concrete 83
below.
FB1 80
A. Physical Test on Materials
FB2 78
Various Physical tests on concrete on cement and aggregates
are performed. Test like fineness modulus and specific FB3 78
gravity are performed. And their results are given below: FB4 74
FB5 71
Table 3: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers

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 Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks Using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash for Medium Traffic
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/089)

Slump (mm)
84
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
Standard FB1 FB2 FB3 FB4 FB5
Concrete
Fig. 1: Graph 1: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers
2) Workability of Fly Ash Paver Blocks With Nylon Fiber RHA20 65
Table 4 and graph 2 shows workability of the concrete with
RHA30 58
fly ash nylon fiber and it is clearly shows that fly ash with
nylon fiber increases the workability of the concrete. Table 5: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers and
Mix Slump (mm) Rice Husk Ash
Standard Concrete 83
Slump (mm)
FA10 95
FA20 103 90
FA30 110 80
70
Table 4: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers and Fly
60
Ash
50
40
Slump (mm) 30
120 20
10
0
100
Standard RHA10 RHA20 RHA30
Concrete
80
Fig. 3Graph 3: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers
and Rice Husk Ash
60
C. Compressive Strength Test
40 S.No. Paver Block Correction factor
Thickness Plain Arrised /
(mm) Block Chamfered Block
20 1. 50 0.96 1.03
2. 60 1.00 1.06
0 3. 80 1.12 1.18
Standard FA10 FA20 FA30 4. 100 1.18 1.24
Concrete 5. 120 1.28 1.34
Table 6: Correction Factors for Thickness and Arris /
Fig. 2: Graph 2: Workability of Concrete with Nylon fibers
Chamfer of Paver Block for Calculation of Compressive
and Fly Ash
Strength
3) Workability of Rice Husk Ash Paver Blocks With Nylon
For other thickness of paver blocks between 50 mm
Fiber
and 120 mm, linear extrapolation of-concrete factor shall be
Table 5 and graph 3 shows workability of concrete with rice
made.
husk ash and nylon fiber and it has been observed that these
When paver blocks goes through compressive
material decreases the workability of the concrete.
strength test it has been observed that compressive strength
Mix Slump (mm) of paver blocks increases in the nylon fiber content upto
0.3%; when we increase the nylon fiber content further
Standard Concrete 83
0.4% and 0.5% it possess comparatively lower compressive
RHA10 72 strength. 0.3% of nylon fiber paver blocks possess 42.309
N/mm2 compressive strength, when we correct it according

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 Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks Using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash for Medium Traffic
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/089)

to 15658 : 2006 it goes to 49.92 N/mm2; after testing the Fig .5: Graph 5: Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber
nylon fiber pavers for their compressive strength we get the Paver Blocks
optimum percentage of nylon fiber is 0.3%. with this 2) Corrected Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver
optimum percentage of nylon fiber we replace cement by Blocks
Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash upto 30% at regular interval of As per IS 15658 compressive strength of paver blocks is
10% in paver blocks mixes and after compressive strength corrected, 1.18 is multiplied with calculated compressive
test it has been observed that FA 20 mix i.e. 20% Fly Ash strength for arrised and chamfer blocks and their
replacement and 10% Rice Husk Ash replacement mix i.e compressive strength result is given table 8 and graph 6-7
RHA10 mix with optimum nylon fiber content gives Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
maximum compressive strength. Result of compressive Mix
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
strength test is given below
1) Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks Standard Mix 43.542 47.0466 49.8432
When nylon fiber paver blocks is tested for their
compressive strength their FB3 mix gives highest result. FB1 41.7885 42.9791 44.178
Compressive strength test is given in table 7 and graph 4-5. FB2 42.2841 43.8287 44.6618
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/MM2)
MIX FB3 47.3428 49.8491 52.2244
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
FB4 44.9509 46.5191 47.4466
STANDARD
36.9 39.87 42.24
MIX FB5 44.7739 46.3067 47.0808
FB1 35.414 36.423 37.439 Table 8: Corrected Compressive Strength of nylon fiber
FB2 35.834 37.143 37.849 paver blocks as per IS 15658
FB3 40.121 42.245 44.258
FB4 38.094 39.423 40.209
FB5 37.944 39.243 39.899
Table 7: Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks

Fig. 6: Graph 6: Corrected Compressive Strength of nylon

fiber paver blocks as per IS 15658
60
50
40
30
20
Fig. 4: Graph 4: Compressive Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver
10
Blocks
0
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

Standard Mix FB1

FB2 FB3
FB4 FB5

Fig. 7: Graph 7: Corrected Compressive Strength of nylon

fiber paver blocks as per IS 15658
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
MIX (N/MM²)
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
STANDARD
36.9 39.87 42.24
CONCRETE
FA10 37.637 39.849 40.659

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 Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks Using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash for Medium Traffic
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/089)

FA20 39.78 41.25 44.89

FA30 37.227 38.129 38.519
Table 9: Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Paver Blocks
with Nylon Fiber
50
40
30
20
10
0
Standard FA10 FA20 FA30
Concrete

Compressive Strength (N/mm²)

Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
Fig. 10: Graph 10: Corrected Compressive Strength of Fly
Fig. 8: Graph 8: Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Paver Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber as per 15658
Blocks with Nylon Fiber
50 60
50
40 40
30
30
20
20 10
0
10 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
0 Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
Standard Concrete FA10
Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
FA20 FA30
Standard Concrete FA10
Fig. 11: Graph 11: Corrected Compressive Strength of Fly
FA20 FA30 Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber as per 15658
Fig. 9: Graph 9: Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Paver 4) Compressive Strength Of Rice Husk Ash Paver Blocks
Blocks with Nylon Fiber With Nylon Fiber
3) Corrected Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Paver After getting optimum percentage of nylon fiber i.e 0.3%,
Blocks With Nylon Fiber Rice Husk Ash is added to paver blocks and Compressive
1.18 is multiplied with calculated compressive strength for Strength test result is given in table 11 and graph 12-13
arrised and chamfer blocks and their compressive strength Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
Mix
result is given table 12 and graph 14-15. 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Standard Concrete 36.9 39.87 42.24
MIX (N/MM²)
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days RHA10 34.6 38.79 48.7
STANDARD RHA20 29.41 34.47 40.95
43.542 47.0466 49.8432
CONCRETE
FA10 44.4117 47.0218 47.9776 RHA30 27.82 32.05 37.15
FA20 46.9404 48.675 52.9702 Table 11: Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash Paver
FA30 43.9279 44.9922 45.4524 Blocks with Nylon Fiber
Table 10: Corrected Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Paver
Blocks with Nylon Fiber as per 15658

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 Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks Using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash for Medium Traffic
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/089)

60
70
50
40 60

30
50
20
10 40
0
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days 30
Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
20
Standard Concrete RHA10
RHA20 RHA30 10
Fig. 12: Graph 12: Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash
Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber 0
Standard RHA10 RHA20 RHA30
60 Concrete
50 Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
40
Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
30
Fig. 14: Graph 14: Corrected Compressive Strength of Rice
20 Husk Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber as per IS 15658
70
10
60
0 50
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days 40
30
Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
20
Standard Concrete RHA10 RHA20 RHA30 10
0
Fig. 13: Graph 13: Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
5) Corrected Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash
Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber Standard Concrete RHA10
1.18 is multiplied with calculated compressive strength for RHA20 RHA30
arrised and chamfer blocks and their compressive strength
result is given table 12 and graph 14-15. Fig. 15: Graph 15: Corrected Compressive Strength of Rice
Husk Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber as per IS 15658
Compressive Strength (N/mm²)
Mix D. Flexural Strength Test
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days 1) Flexural Strength Of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks
Standard Concrete 43.542 47.0466 49.8432 Flexural Strength of the nylon fiber paver blocks is given
RHA10 40.828 45.7722 57.466 below in table 13 and graph 16-17. It has been observed that
RHA20 34.7038 40.6746 48.321 FB3 mix i.e. 0.3% nylon mix gives maximum flexural
strength which is good for medium traffic
RHA30 32.8276 37.819 43.837 Flexural Strength (N/mm2)
Table 12: Corrected Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Mix
Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber as Per IS 15658 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
Standard Mix 3.10 4.80 4.94
FB1 3.04 4.59 4.65
FB2 3.06 4.63 4.68
FB3 3.23 4.94 5.06
FB4 3.15 4.77 4.82
FB5 3.14 4.76 4.80
Table 13: Flexural Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Blocks

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 Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks Using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash for Medium Traffic
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/089)

6.00 6.00

5.00 5.00

4.00 4.00

3.00 3.00

2.00 2.00

1.00 1.00

0.00 0.00
Standard FB1 FB2 FB3 FB4 FB5 Standard FA10 FA20 FA30
Mix Concrete

Flexural Strength (N/mm2) Flexural Strength (N/mm2) Flexural Strength (N/mm2) Flexural Strength (N/mm2)
Flexural Strength (N/mm2) Flexural Strength (N/mm2)

Fig. 16: Graph 16: Flexural Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Fig. 18: Graph 18: Flexural Strength of Fly Ash Paver Block
Blocks with Nylon Fiber
6.00 6.00

5.00 5.00
4.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days 0.00
Flexural Strength (N/mm2) 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days

Standard Mix FB1 FB2 Flexural Strength (N/mm2)

FB3 FB4 FB5 Standard Concrete FA10 FA20 FA30

Fig. 17: Graph 17: Flexural Strength of Nylon Fiber Paver Fig. 19: Graph 19: Flexural Strength of Fly Ash Paver Block
Blocks with Nylon Fiber
2) Flexural Strength of Fly Ash Paver Blocks with Nylon 3) S Flexural Strength of Rice Husk Ash Paver Blocks with
Fiber Nylon Fiber
Table 14 and graph 18-19 shows flexural strength of the fly Table 15 and graph 20-21 shows flexural strength of the rice
ash paver blocks with nylon fiber, its FA20 mix gives i.e. of husk ash paver blocks with nylon fiber, its RHA20 mix
20% fly ash and 0.3% nylon fiber possess maximum gives i.e. of 10% rice husk ash and 0.3% nylon fiber possess
flexural strength in this section maximum flexural strength in this section.
FLEXURAL STRENGTH (N/MM2) FLEXURAL STRENGTH (N/MM2)
MIX MIX
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
STANDARD STANDARD
3.10 4.80 4.94 3.10 4.80 4.94
CONCRETE CONCRETE
FA10 3.13 4.80 4.85 RHA10 3.00 4.74 5.31
FA20 3.22 4.88 5.09 RHA20 2.77 4.46 4.87
FA30 3.12 4.70 4.72 RHA30 2.69 4.30 4.63
Table 14: Flexural Strength of Fly Ash Paver Block with Table 15: Flexural Strength of Rice Husk Ash Paver Blocks
Nylon Fiber with Nylon Fiber

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 Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks Using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash for Medium Traffic
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/089)

6.00
3) It is observed that in concrete paver block with
optimum nylon fiber content and 20% Fly Ash
5.00 replacing OPC, gives the maximum compressive
strength at 7, 14 and 28 days.
4.00
4) It is observed that in concrete paver block with
3.00 optimum nylon fiber content and 10% Rice Husk
Ash replacing OPC, gives the maximum
2.00
compressive strength at 7, 14 and 28 days.
1.00 5) It is also concluded that, addition of optimum nylon
fiber with Rice Husk Ash in concrete paver blocks,
0.00
increases its compressive strength up to 5.90% in
Standard RHA10 RHA20 RHA30
Concrete their 20% replacement mix as compared to
standard mix.
Flexural Strength (N/mm2) 6) It is also concluded that, addition of optimum nylon
Flexural Strength (N/mm2) fiber with Fly Ash in concrete paver blocks,
Flexural Strength (N/mm2)
increases its compressive strength up to 13.26% in
Fig. 20: Graph 20: Flexural Strength of Rice Husk Ash their 10% replacement mix as compared to
Paver Blocks with Nylon Fiber standard mix.
7) Nylon Fiber does not effects much on the
6.00
workability of the concrete, but there is some
5.00 decrease in the slump value of concrete when we
increase the content of nylon fibers.
4.00 8) Fly Ash with Nylon Fibers increase the workability
3.00 of the concrete, this mix increase slump value of
concrete by 24.54%.
2.00 9) Rice Husk Ash with Nylon Fibers decrease the
1.00 workability of the concrete, this mix decrease
slump value of concrete by 30.12%.
0.00 10) Likewise compressive strength, 0.3% of nylon fiber
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days is optimum percentage for flexural strength.
Flexural Strength (N/mm2) 11) 0.3% nylon fiber with 20% Fly Ash i.e. FA20 mix
and 0.3% nylon fiber with 10% rice husk ash i.e.
Standard Concrete RHA10 RHA10 mix gives maximum and better flexural
RHA20 RHA30 strength.
REFRENCES
Fig. 21: Graph 21: Flexural Strength of Rice Husk Ash [1] ACI Committee 201, ''Proposed Revision of: Guide to
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standard mix. Concrete Block Pavement

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 Evolution of Properties of Pavers Blocks Using Nylon Fiber Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash for Medium Traffic
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/089)

[11] IS 1893:2002 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced

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