MTHS1008-E1

The University of Nottingham

A LEVEL 1 MODULE, SPRING SEMESTER 2019-2020

MATHEMATICAL METHODS FOR CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Suggested time to complete: TWO Hours THIRTY Minutes

Paper set: 31/05/2020 - 10:00

Paper due: 08/06/2020 - 15:00

Answer ALL questions

Your solutions should be written on white paper using dark ink (not pencil), on a tablet, or
typeset. Do not write close to the margins. Your solutions should include complete
explanations and all intermediate derivations. Your solutions should be based on the material
covered in the module and its prerequisites only. Any notation used should be consistent with
that in the Lecture Notes.

Guidance on the Alternative Assessment Arrangements can be found on the Faculty of Science
Moodle page: https://moodle.nottingham.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=99154#section-2

Submit your answers as a single PDF with each page in the correct orientation, to the
appropriate dropbox on the module’s Moodle page. Use the standard naming
convention for your document: [StudentID]_[ModuleCode].pdf. Please check the
box indicated on Moodle to confirm that you have read and understood the statement
on academic integrity: https://moodle.nottingham.ac.uk/pluginfile.php/6288943/mod_
tabbedcontent/tabcontent/8496/FoS%20Statement%20on%20Academic%20Integrity.pdf

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and does not require magnification. Text which is not in focus or is not legible for any other
reason will be ignored. If your scan is larger than 20Mb, please see if it can easily be reduced
in size (e.g. scan in black & white, use a lower dpi — but not so low that readability is
compromised).

Staff are not permitted to answer assessment or teaching queries during the assessment
period. If you spot what you think may be an error on the exam paper, note this in your
submission but answer the question as written. Where necessary, minor clarifications or
general guidance may be posted on Moodle for all students to access.

Students with approved accommodations are permitted an extension of 3 days.

The standard University of Nottingham penalty of 5% deduction per working day will
apply to any late submission.

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SECTION A

Marks are awarded for correct answers and showing all your working.

2√2 1
1. Determine the eigenvalues of . [4 marks]
( 3 0)

2 + 𝛼 3𝛼
2. The matrix has eigenvalues 𝜆 = 2 and 𝜆 = 5+𝛼. What are the corresponding
( 1 5 )
eigenvectors? [4 marks]

3. Calculate the derivative with respect to 𝑥 of sin (cos 𝑥). [4 marks]

𝑥
4. Calculate the limit, if it exists, of as 𝑥 → 0. [4 marks]
ln(1 + 𝑥)

5. Using the method of substitution and no other method, evaluate the definite integral
1/2
𝑥
d𝑥. [4 marks]
∫0 √1 − 𝑥2

6. Determine the equation of the plane passing through the point 𝐴 with coordinates (1, 2, 3)
1 1
and with normal in the direction of grad 𝜙 at 𝐴, where 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥2 + 𝑦 − 𝑧3 + 11.
2 9
[4 marks]

d𝑦
7. Find the general solution of the first-order differential equation 𝑥 + 𝑦 = e−𝑥 . [4 marks]
d𝑥

𝜕 2 𝑓 1 𝜕𝑓 1 𝜕 2 𝑓
8. Given that 𝑓 (𝑟, 𝜃) = 𝑟3 sin (3𝜃), calculate + + . [4 marks]
𝜕𝑟2 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟2 𝜕𝜃 2

1 1
9. Find all the stationary points of the function 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥3 − 𝑥 + 𝑦2 + 𝑦 + 100 and determine
3 2
whether each is a local minimum, local maximum, or a saddle point. [4 marks]

10. Given that 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥2 𝑦e𝑧 , determine div (grad 𝑓 ) at the point (1, 1, 0). [4 marks]

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SECTION B

11. You are given the following data from an extraction process for metal extraction from
aqueous (𝑥) to organic (𝑦) phases.

Mass (aqueous, g l−1 ) 𝑥 0.20 0.40 0.60

You are asked to approximate the data by a quadratic formula of the form 𝑦(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐
for unknown constants 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 that you are to determine.
(a) Formulate the mathematical problem by writing out and completing the following augmented
matrix
⋅ ⋅ 1 1.52
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 0.98 .
[ 0.36 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ]
[3 marks]

(b) Using Gaussian elimination and no other method determine the unknown constants
𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐. [5 marks]

(c) Using your answer to Q11b, integrate 𝑦(𝑥) from 𝑥 = 0.2 g l−1 to 𝑥 = 0.6 g l−1 to
approximate the area under the data points. [2 marks]

12. (a) Find and classify the turning points of

1
𝑓1 (𝑥) = 𝑥4 − 2𝑥2 + .
2
[4 marks]

6
(b) Carefully sketch both the curve 𝑓1 (𝑥) defined in Q12a and the curve 𝑓2 (𝑥) = − 𝑥.
5
Indicate all turning points and the locations at which both curves cross the 𝑦-axis.

Hint: You are not required to find where 𝑓1 crosses the 𝑥-axis.
[3 marks]

(c) Evaluate the area bounded by the two curves 𝑓1 (𝑥) and 𝑓2 (𝑥) and the lines 𝑥 = 𝑥1 and
𝑥 = 𝑥3 where 𝑥1 and 𝑥3 are the left-most and right-most locations of the turning points
you identified in Q12a. [3 marks]

MTHS1008-E1 Turn Over

13. Newton’s Law of Cooling says that a hot liquid of temperature 𝑇 (𝑡) (∘ C) at time 𝑡 (s) in cool
surroundings of temperature 𝑇0 (∘ C) (where 0 < 𝑇0 < 𝑇 (𝑡)) follows the relationship

d𝑇
= −𝜅(𝑇 − 𝑇0 ), (1)
d𝑡
for a constant 𝜅 that depends on the type of liquid.
(a) What, if anything, can we say about the dimensions of 𝜅? [1 mark]

(b) Solve (1) subject to the initial condition that at 𝑡 = 0 the liquid has a temperature
𝑇1 (∘ C) where 𝑇1 > 𝑇0 . [5 marks]

(c) Find the time, 𝑡∗ , taken for the liquid to reach a temperature exactly half-way between
𝑇0 and 𝑇1 . Explain how your answer is consistent with your answer to Q13a. [4 marks]

14. A Cartesian coordinate system has a fixed origin 𝑂 and unit vectors 𝑖, 𝑗 and 𝑘 lying along
the 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧-axes, respectively.

Three points 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 have coordinates (1, 2, 3), (3, 2, 1) and (1, 1, 1) respectively.

(a) Write down a vector that goes from 𝐴 to 𝐵, and show that this vector is perpendicular
to the vector linking the origin 𝑂 to the point 𝐶. [2 marks]

(b) Calculate the equation of the plane 𝑃 containing all three points 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶, expressing
your answer in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 𝑑, for constants 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑑 which you should
determine. [4 marks]

(c) Write down the vector equation (in the form 𝑟 = 𝑟0 + 𝑠𝑣 for a scalar parameter 𝑠) of the
straight line 𝐿 passing through the point (9, 2, 3) in the direction of the vector (1, −1, 1).
[1 mark]

(d) By writing 𝑟 = (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) along 𝐿, expressing each of 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 in terms of 𝑠 and

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1/2
𝑥 𝑥 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
15. (a) If 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = cos , show that 𝑥 +𝑦 = 0. [3 marks]
(𝑦) (𝑦) 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑦 𝜕2𝑔 𝜕2𝑔
(b) If𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) = tan−1 ( ), where tan−1 (𝑧) = arctan(𝑧), show that 2 + 2 = 0.
𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
d 1
You are reminded that tan−1 𝑧 = . [4 marks]
d𝑧 1 + 𝑧2
(c) Locate and classify all the stationary points of the function 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦2 + 3𝑥.
[3 marks]

16. (a) Find the general solution of the first-order differential equation

2 d𝑦 𝑥
(𝑥 + 1) d𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥e .

[4 marks]

1
(b) Find the specific solution for which 𝑦(1) = . [1 mark]
2
(c) Find the value of the constant 𝛼 such that the vector-valued function
𝐴 = (𝛼𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦) 𝑖 + (𝛼𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥) 𝑗
satisfies the condition curl𝐴 = 0. [2 marks]

(d) For this specific value of 𝛼, find the most general function 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦) such that 𝐴 = grad 𝜙.
[3 marks]

MTHS1008-E1 END