Unit-I

Laplace Transforms

Dr. Ram Kishun Lodhi

Department of Applied Science
Symbiosis Institute of Technology Pune
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS (LT):
• LT is a particular integral transform invented
by the French mathematician Pierre-Simon
Laplace (1749–1827).
• Systematically developed by the British
physicist Oliver Heaviside (1850–1925).
• To simplify the solution of many differential
equations that describe physical processes.

 The Laplace transform turns out to be a very efficient method to

solve certain ODE problems.
 In particular, the transform can take a differential equation and turn
it into an algebraic equation.
 If the algebraic equation can be solved, applying the inverse
transform gives us our desired solution.
Applications of Laplace Transforms for Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering:
1. Circuit Analysis: Laplace transforms are extensively used in the analysis
and design of electronic circuits. They enable the conversion of differential
equations that describe circuit behaviour into algebraic equations, which are
easier to solve. By using Laplace transforms, engineers can analyse circuit
response, stability, and transient and steady-state behaviour.

2. System Analysis and Control: Laplace transforms play a crucial role in

system analysis and control theory. They are used to model and analyze the
behavior of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, such as filters, amplifiers,
and control systems. The Laplace transform allows engineers to analyze
system response, stability, and frequency characteristics

3. Communication Systems: Laplace transforms are utilized in the analysis

and design of communication systems. They help model and analyze the
behavior of communication channels, filters, and modulators/demodulators.
 Laplace transforms are also employed in the analysis of system performance
measures like signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bandwidth, and distortion.

4. Filter Design: Laplace transforms provide a mathematical foundation for

designing various types of filters, such as low-pass, high-pass, bandpass, and
notch filters. Engineers can design filters in the Laplace domain, analyse
their frequency response, and then transform the designed filter back to the
time domain.6. Network Analysis.

These are just a few examples of how Laplace transforms are applied in
electronics and telecommunication engineering. Laplace transforms provide a
powerful mathematical tool for analysing and designing systems, enabling
engineers to understand and optimize the behaviour of electronic and
telecommunication devices and networks.
Laplace Transforms
Let f (t ) be a function defined for t  0. Then the integral

F ( s )   e  st . f (t ).dt
0

is called the Laplace transform of f (t ), provided the integral exists. The

Laplace transform of f (t ) is denoted by L  f (t ) , where L is called the

Laplace transform operator. i.e. L  f (t )  F ( s).

The original function f (t ) is called the inverse Laplace transform and
we write
L1  F ( s)   f (t ).
Linearity of Laplace Transformation
Let f (t ) and g (t ) be two functions whose Laplace transforms
exist, Then for any two constants  and  , we have
L  . f (t )   .g (t )   .L  f (t )   .L  g (t ).

Note: We have
L1  .F ( s )   .G ( s )   .L1  F ( s )    .L1 G ( s ).

Example: Find the Laplace transform of f  t   1, t  0.

Solution: We have
   
 e  1 st
L 1   e .1.dt   e dt   
 st  st
  .
0 0  s 0 s
Example: Find Laplace transform of f  t   t , t  0.
Solution: We have
 
L t    e  st .t.dt   t.e  st .dt
0 0


 e  st    e  st 
 L  t   t .     1.   .dt
 s 0 0  s 

 e   st
1
 L t   0    2   2 .
 s 0 s
Example: Find Laplace transform of f  t   t n , t  0.
 
Solution: We have L t n    e st .t n .dt   t n .e  st .dt
0 0

dx
Putting st  x, dt 
s
  n  1 n !
 n 
x  x  dx 1
 L t    e  
 n
  n1  e x dx 
x n
n 1
 n1 .
0 s s s 0 s s

Example: Find Laplace transform of f  t   eat  cos at.

Solution: We have
  
L  e  cos at    e
at  st
e at
 cos at  dt   e .e
at  st
.dt   e  st .cos at .dt
0 0 0
  
 s a t
L e at  cos at    e .dt   e  st .cos at.dt
0 0
 
 s a t
 e   e  st

2 
   2  s cos at  a sin at  
   s  a  0  s  a 0
1 s
  2
s  a s  a2
Laplace Transform of some basic functions
f (t ) L  f (t )
1
1
s
n!
t n , n  1, 2,...
s n1
1
eat
sa
a
sin at
s2  a2
s
cos at
s2  a2
 a
sinh at
s2  a2
s
cosh at
s 2  a2

Inverse Laplace Transform of some functions

F ( s) L1  F ( s)
1
1
s
n!
t n , n  1, 2,...
s n1
 1
eat
sa
a
sin at
s2  a2
s
cos at
s2  a2
a
sinh at
s2  a2
s
cosh at
s2  a2
Example: Find Laplace transform of the following function
f  t   3e3t  5t 4  4cos 3t  3sin 4t.
Solution: We have
L 3e3t  5t 4  4cos 3t  3sin 4t 

 3.L  e3t   5.L t 4   4.L  cos 3t   3.L sin 4t 

1 4! s 4
 3.  5. 41  4. 2 2  3. 2 2
s 3 s s 3 s 4
3 5! 4s 12
  5 2  2 .
s  3 s s  9 s  16
Example: Find L cos 2 t  .

Solution: We have
1  cos 2t   1 cos 2t 
L cos 2 t   L    L  
 2  2 2 
1 1
 L cos t   L 1  L  cos 2t 
2

2 2
1 1 1 s
 L cos t   .  . 2 2
2

2 s 2 s 2
1 1 s
 L cos t    . 2
2
.
2s 2 s  4
  2s  5 
1
Example: Find L  2  .
 s  25 
Solution: We have
 2s  5 
1 1  2s 5 
L  2  L  2  2
 s  25   s  25 s  25 
 2s  5 
1 1  2 s  1  5 
L  2  L  2  L  2
 s  25   s  25   s  25 
 2s  5  1  s  1  5 
 L1  2   2 L  2
L  2 2
 s  25  s 5  s 5 
2

 2s  5 
 L1  2   2cos5t  sin 5t.
 s  25 
  5 s 2
 3s  16 
Example: Find L1   .
 ( s  1)( s  2)( s  3) 
Solution: Write
5s 2  3s  16 A B C
  
( s  1)( s  2)( s  3) s  1 s  2 s  3
 5s 2  3s  16  A.( s  2)( s  3)  B( s  1)( s  3)  C ( s  1)( s  2). (1)
If s  1, then from (1), we get
5.12  3.1  16  A.(1  2)(1  3)  B (1  1)(1  3)  C (1  1)(1  2)
8  4A
 A  2.
Similarly if s  2, then from (1), we get
B  2.
Similarly if s  3, then from (1), we get
C  1.
Therefore, we have
5s 2  3s  16 2 2 1
   .
( s  1)( s  2)( s  3) s  1 s  2 s  3
Now,

1  5 s 2
 3s  16  1  2 2 1 
L    L  
 s  1 s  2 s  3 
 ( s  1)( s  2)( s  3) 
  5s 2  3s  16 
1 1  1  1  1  1  1 
L    2.L    2.L   L 
 ( s  1)( s  2)( s  3)   s  1 s  2  s  3 
 5 s 2
 3s  16 
 L1    2.e t
 2.e 2t
 e 3t
.
 ( s  1)( s  2)( s  3) 
First shifting theorem
Let L  f (t )  F ( s). Then

L  e at f (t )   F ( s  a ).

Note: Let L1  F ( s)   f (t ). Then

L1  F ( s  a)   e at f (t ).
Example: Find L e5t cos 3t  .

Solution: We have
s s
L  cos3t   2 2  2  F ( s).
s 3 s 9
Hence by first shifting theorem, we have
s 5
 
L e cos3t   F ( s  5) 
5t
.
( s  5)  9
2

Example: Find L e2t t 3  .

Solution: We have
3! 3!
L t  .  31  4  F ( s).
3

s s
Hence by first shifting theorem, we have
3!
L e 2t t 3   F ( s  2)  .
( s  2) 4

 1 
Example: Find L1  2  .
 s  4s  8 
Solution: Write
1 1 1 1 2
 2   . .
s  4s  8  s  4s  2   2
2 2 2
 s  2  2 2  s  2  2
2 2 2 2

We have
 2 
1
L  2 2
 sin 2t  f (t ).
s  2 
Hence by first shifting theorem, we have

1 2  2t
L    e f (t )  e 2t
sin 2t.
  s  2   2 
2 2

Now, we have


1 1  
1 1 2 
L  2  L  . 
 s  4s  8   2  s  2   2 
2 2

1 1  1 1  2  1 2t
L  2   L    e sin 2t.
 s  4s  8  2   s  2   2  2
2 2
Questions?
Thank You!