14/11/21 21:29 Introduction to Networks -The Command Structure
Introduction to Networks v7.0
GU
Basic Switch and End Device
2 Configuration / Basic Switch and End Device Configuration / The Command Structure
2.1.3 Purpose of an OS
2.1.4 Access Methods
The Command Structure
2.1.5 Terminal Emulation Programs
2.3.1
Check Your Understanding - Cisco
2.1.6
IOS Access
Basic IOS Command Structure
2.2 IOS Navigation
2.2.1 Primary Command Modes This topic covers the basic structure of commands for the Cisco IOS. A network administrator must know the basic IOS
command structure to be able to use the CLI for device configuration.
Configuration Mode and
2.2.2 A Cisco IOS device supports many commands. Each IOS command has a specific format, or syntax, and can only be executed in
Subconfiguration Modes
the appropriate mode. The general syntax for a command, shown in the figure, is the command followed by any appropriate
Video - IOS CLI Primary Command keywords and arguments.
2.2.3
Modes
2.2.4 Navigate Between IOS Modes
Switch>show ip protocols
Video - Navigate Between IOS
2.2.5
Modes
A Note About Syntax Checker
2.2.6
Activities
Keyword(s) or
Prompt Command Space
2.2.7
Syntax Checker - Navigate Argument(s)
Between IOS Modes
Check Your Understanding - IOS
2.2.8
Navigation
2.3 The Command Structure Switch>ping 192.168.10.5
2.3.1 Basic IOS Command Structure
Keyword - This is a specific parameter defined in the operating system (in the figure, ip protocols).
2.3.2 IOS Command Syntax Check Argument - This is not predefined; it is a value or variable defined by the user (in the figure, 192.168.10.5).
After entering each complete command, including any keywords and arguments, press the Enter key to submit the command to
2.3.3 IOS Help Features
the command interpreter.
Video - Context Sensitive Help
2.3.4
and Command Syntax Check
2.3.5 Hot Keys and Shortcuts 2.3.2
2.3.6 Video - Hot Keys and Shortcuts IOS Command Syntax Check
2.3.7 Packet Tracer - Navigate the IOS
A command might require one or more arguments. To determine the keywords and arguments required for a command, refer to
Lab - Navigate the IOS by Using the command syntax. The syntax provides the pattern, or format, that must be used when entering a command.
2.3.8
Tera Term for Console Connectivity
As identified in the table, boldface text indicates commands and keywords that are entered as shown. Italic text indicates an
2.4 Basic Device Configuration argument for which the user provides the value.
Convention Description
2.5 Save Configurations
boldface Boldface text indicates commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.
2.6 Ports and Addresses italics Italic text indicates arguments for which you supply values.
[x] Square brackets indicate an optional element (keyword or argument).
2.7 Configure IP Addressing
{x} Braces indicate a required element (keyword or argument).
2.8 Verify Connectivity Braces and vertical lines within square brackets indicate a required choice within an optional element. Spaces
[x {y | z }]
are used to clearly delineate parts of the command.
2.9 Module Practice and Quiz
For instance, the syntax for using the description command is description string. The argument is a string value provided by the
user. The description command is typically used to identify the purpose of an interface. For example, entering the command,
description Connects to the main headquarter office switch, describes where the other device is at the end of the connection.
3 Protocols and Models
The following examples demonstrate conventions used to document and use IOS commands:
4 Physical Layer ping ip-address - The command is ping and the user-defined argument is the ip-address of the destination device. For
example, ping 10.10.10.5.
traceroute ip-address - The command is traceroute and the user-defined argument is the ip-address of the destination
5 device. For example, traceroute 192.168.254.254.
Number Systems
If a command is complex with multiple arguments, you may see it represented like this:
6 Data Link Layer
Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security aging { static | time time | type {absolute | inactivity}}
The command will typically be followed with a detailed description of the command and each argument.
7 Ethernet Switching
The Cisco IOS Command Reference is the ultimate source of information for a particular IOS command.
8 Network Layer
9 Address Resolution
2.3.3
IOS Help Features
10 Basic Router Configuration
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14/11/21 21:29 Introduction to Networks -The Command Structure
The IOS has two forms of help available: context-sensitive help and command syntax check.
11 IPv4 Addressing
Context-sensitive help enables you to quickly find answers to these questions:
GU Which commands are available in each command mode?
12 Basic Switch and End Device
2 Which commands start with specific characters or group of characters?
Configuration
2.1.3 Purpose of an OS Which arguments and keywords are available to particular commands?
To access context-sensitive help, simply enter a question mark, ?, at the CLI.
2.1.4 Access Methods
Command syntax check verifies that a valid command was entered by the user. When a command is entered, the command line
2.1.5 Terminal Emulation Programs interpreter evaluates the command from left to right. If the interpreter understands the command, the requested action is
executed, and the CLI returns to the appropriate prompt. However, if the interpreter cannot understand the command being
Check Your Understanding - Cisco entered, it will provide feedback describing what is wrong with the command.
2.1.6
IOS Access
2.2 IOS Navigation
2.3.4
2.2.1 Primary Command Modes
Configuration Mode and
Video - Context Sensitive Help and Command Syntax
2.2.2
Subconfiguration Modes Check
Video - IOS CLI Primary Command
2.2.3
Modes
Click Play in the figure to view a video demonstration of context-sensitive help and command syntax check.
2.2.4 Navigate Between IOS Modes
Video - Navigate Between IOS
2.2.5
Modes
A Note About Syntax Checker
2.2.6
Activities
Syntax Checker - Navigate
2.2.7
Between IOS Modes
Check Your Understanding - IOS
2.2.8
Navigation
2.3 The Command Structure
2.3.1 Basic IOS Command Structure
2.3.2 IOS Command Syntax Check
2.3.3 IOS Help Features
Video - Context Sensitive Help
2.3.4
and Command Syntax Check
2.3.5 Hot Keys and Shortcuts
2.3.5
2.3.6 Video - Hot Keys and Shortcuts
Hot Keys and Shortcuts
2.3.7 Packet Tracer - Navigate the IOS
Lab - Navigate the IOS by Using
2.3.8 The IOS CLI provides hot keys and shortcuts that make configuring, monitoring, and troubleshooting easier.
Tera Term for Console Connectivity
Commands and keywords can be shortened to the minimum number of characters that identify a unique selection. For example,
2.4 Basic Device Configuration the configure command can be shortened to conf because configure is the only command that begins with conf. An even
shorter version, con, will not work because more than one command begins with con. Keywords can also be shortened.
2.5 Save Configurations
The table lists keystrokes to enhance command line editing.
2.6 Ports and Addresses
Keystroke Description
Tab Completes a partial command name entry.
2.7 Configure IP Addressing
Backspace Erases the character to the left of the cursor.
2.8 Verify Connectivity Ctrl+D Erases the character at the cursor.
Ctrl+K Erases all characters from the cursor to the end of the command line.
2.9 Module Practice and Quiz
Esc D Erases all characters from the cursor to the end of the word.
Ctrl+U or Ctrl+X Erases all characters from the cursor back to the beginning of the command line.
3 Protocols and Models Ctrl+W Erases the word to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl+A Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line.
4 Physical Layer Left Arrow or Ctrl+B Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Esc B Moves the cursor back one word to the left.
5 Number Systems Esc F Moves the cursor forward one word to the right.
Right Arrow or Ctrl+F Moves the cursor one character to the right.
6 Data Link Layer Ctrl+E Moves the cursor to the end of command line.
Recalls the previous command in the history buffer, beginning with the most recent
Up Arrow or Ctrl+P
command.
7 Ethernet Switching
Down Arrow or Ctrl+N Goes to the next line in the the history buffer.
Ctrl+R or Ctrl+I or Ctrl+L Redisplays the system prompt and command line after a console message is received.
8 Network Layer
Note: While the Delete key typically deletes the character to the right of the prompt, the IOS command structure does not
recognize the Delete key.
9 Address Resolution
When a command output produces more text than can be displayed in a terminal window, the IOS will display a “--More--”
prompt. The following table describes the keystrokes that can be used when this prompt is displayed.
10 Basic Router Configuration
Keystroke Description
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14/11/21 21:29 Introduction to Networks -The Command Structure
Keystroke Description
11 IPv4 Addressing
Enter Key Displays the next line.
GU Space
Displays the next screen.
12 Basic Switch and End Device
Bar
2 Configuration
2.1.3 Purpose of an OS Ends the display string, returning to previous prompt.
Any other
* Except "y", which answers "yes" to the --More-- prompt, and acts like the
key *
Space bar
2.1.4 Access Methods
This table lists commands used to exit out of an operation.
2.1.5 Terminal Emulation Programs
Keystroke Description
Check Your Understanding - Cisco
2.1.6 When in any configuration mode, ends the configuration mode and returns to
IOS Access
Ctrl-C privileged EXEC mode. When in setup mode, aborts back to the command
prompt.
2.2 IOS Navigation
When in any configuration mode, ends the configuration mode and returns to
Ctrl-Z
privileged EXEC mode.
2.2.1 Primary Command Modes
Ctrl- All-purpose break sequence used to abort DNS lookups, traceroutes, pings,
Configuration Mode and Shift-6 etc.
2.2.2
Subconfiguration Modes
Video - IOS CLI Primary Command
2.2.3
Modes
2.3.6
2.2.4 Navigate Between IOS Modes
Video - Hot Keys and Shortcuts
Video - Navigate Between IOS
2.2.5
Modes
Click Play in the figure to view a video demonstration of the various hotkeys and shortcuts.
A Note About Syntax Checker
2.2.6
Activities
Syntax Checker - Navigate
2.2.7
Between IOS Modes
Check Your Understanding - IOS
2.2.8
Navigation
2.3 The Command Structure
2.3.1 Basic IOS Command Structure
2.3.2 IOS Command Syntax Check
2.3.3 IOS Help Features
Video - Context Sensitive Help
2.3.4
and Command Syntax Check
2.3.5 Hot Keys and Shortcuts
2.3.6 Video - Hot Keys and Shortcuts
2.3.7 Packet Tracer - Navigate the IOS
2.3.7
Lab - Navigate the IOS by Using
2.3.8
Tera Term for Console Connectivity
Packet Tracer - Navigate the IOS
2.4 Basic Device Configuration
2.5 Save Configurations In this activity, you will practice skills necessary for navigating the Cisco IOS, including different user access modes, various
configuration modes, and common commands used on a regular basis. You will also practice accessing the context-sensitive
help by configuring the clock command.
2.6 Ports and Addresses
2.7 Configure IP Addressing Navigate the IOS
2.8 Verify Connectivity Navigate the IOS
2.9 Module Practice and Quiz
2.3.8
3 Protocols and Models
Lab - Navigate the IOS by Using Tera Term for Console
4 Physical Layer Connectivity
5 Number Systems
In this lab, you will complete the following objectives:
Part 1: Access a Cisco Switch through the Serial Console Port
6 Data Link Layer Part 2: Display and Configure Basic Device Settings
Part 3: (Optional) Access a Cisco Router Using a Mini-USB Console Cable
7 Ethernet Switching
Navigate the IOS by Using Tera Term for Console Connectivity
8 Network Layer
IOS Navigation
2.2 2.4
Basic Device Configuration
9 Address Resolution
10 Basic Router Configuration
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