TCP/IP based on the five books mentioned earlier:

"Computer Networks: A Systems Approach" by Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie:

The book describes TCP/IP as the suite of protocols that form the foundation of the modern internet. It
explains that TCP/IP consists of two main protocols: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the
Internet Protocol (IP). TCP provides reliable, connection-oriented data delivery, while IP handles the
addressing and routing of packets across networks.

"TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols" by W. Richard Stevens:

This book provides an in-depth exploration of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It explains how TCP/IP protocols
work together to facilitate communication between devices on a network. It covers topics such as IP
addressing, subnetting, routing, TCP's reliable data transfer mechanisms, and the various Internet
protocols.

"Data Communications and Networking" by Behrouz A. Forouzan:

The book defines TCP/IP as a set of protocols that enable communication between computers and
networks. It explains the layered architecture of TCP/IP, with IP residing at the network layer and TCP at
the transport layer. The book also covers topics such as IP addressing, subnetting, routing, and the role
of TCP in ensuring reliable data delivery.

"Computer Networks: A Top-Down Approach" by James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross:

This book presents TCP/IP as the protocol suite that underlies the internet. It explains the functions and
services provided by TCP/IP, including IP addressing, packet forwarding, and error detection. The book
also covers TCP's flow control and congestion control mechanisms, as well as higher-level protocols that
utilize TCP/IP, such as HTTP and DNS.

"Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture" by Douglas E. Comer:

The book provides a comprehensive overview of TCP/IP, covering its principles, protocols, and
architecture. It explains how TCP/IP supports internetworking by enabling communication between
diverse networks. It delves into topics such as IP addressing, routing algorithms, subnetting, TCP's three-
way handshake, reliable data transfer, and congestion control.
Each of these books offers a detailed explanation of TCP/IP, covering its various protocols, functions, and
services. They provide valuable insights into the inner workings of the TCP/IP suite and its role in
modern networking.

Send a message.

he TCP/IP model based on three of the books mentioned earlier.

"Computer Networks: A Systems Approach" by Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie (5th Edition):

In this book, the authors describe the TCP/IP model as having four layers:

a. Network Interface Layer: This layer is responsible for the transmission of data between a host and a
physical network. It deals with hardware-specific issues and protocols for transmitting data over a
specific network medium, such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi.

b. Internet Layer: This layer handles the addressing and routing of data packets across different
networks. It uses the IP (Internet Protocol) to ensure that packets are properly addressed and delivered
to their intended destinations. The Internet layer is closely associated with the Network layer in the OSI
model.

c. Transport Layer: This layer provides end-to-end communication between hosts. It is responsible for
breaking data into smaller segments, ensuring reliable delivery, and providing flow control and
congestion control mechanisms. The primary protocol used in this layer is the TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol).

"TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols" by W. Richard Stevens (1st Edition):

W. Richard Stevens's book explains the TCP/IP model in detail. Here's how he describes the layers:

a. Network Interface Layer: This layer corresponds to the physical and data link layers of the OSI model.
It deals with the physical transmission of data and encapsulates data packets into frames. Protocols like
Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) operate at this layer.

b. Internet Layer: The Internet layer handles the addressing and routing of IP packets. It utilizes the IP
protocol, which provides logical addressing and routing capabilities. The IP layer is responsible for
delivering packets from the source host to the destination host across multiple networks.

c. Transport Layer: The transport layer in TCP/IP is analogous to the transport layer in the OSI model. It
ensures reliable and ordered delivery of data between applications running on different hosts. The two
primary protocols in this layer are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram
Protocol).

"Data Communications and Networking" by Behrouz A. Forouzan (5th Edition):

Behrouz A. Forouzan's book also covers the TCP/IP model and its layers. Here's a summary:

a. Network Interface Layer: This layer corresponds to the combination of the physical and data link
layers in the OSI model. It deals with the transmission of data between adjacent network devices. The
protocols in this layer define how data is encapsulated into frames and transmitted over a specific
medium.

b. Internet Layer: The internet layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing of packets across
multiple networks. It uses the IP protocol for addressing and routing, and it ensures that packets are
delivered to the correct destination.
c. Transport Layer: The transport layer provides end-to-end communication between hosts. It ensures
reliable and ordered delivery of data. The TCP protocol is responsible for reliable and connection-
oriented communication, while the UDP protocol offers unreliable and connectionless communication.

These descriptions provide an overview of the layers of the TCP/IP model as presented in the mentioned
books. It's worth noting that there might be slight variations in terminology or details between different
authors and editions.

TCP/IP model, drawing from the five books mentioned:

"Computer Networks: A Systems Approach" by Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie:

The book provides a comprehensive explanation of the TCP/IP model and its layers. It covers the four
layers as follows:

Network Interface Layer: This layer corresponds to the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. It
deals with the physical transmission of data and the protocols necessary to transmit data over a specific
network medium.

Internet Layer: This layer is equivalent to the network layer in the OSI model. It is responsible for
addressing and routing packets across interconnected networks. It handles tasks such as IP addressing,
routing protocols (e.g., IP routing), and fragmentation of packets.

Transport Layer: This layer is similar to the transport layer in the OSI model. It ensures reliable and
ordered delivery of data between end systems. The book covers the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) protocols and their features.
Application Layer: This layer combines the session, presentation, and application layers of the OSI
model. It encompasses various protocols and services that enable communication between applications.
Examples include HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS, and others.

"TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols" by W. Richard Stevens:

The book provides an in-depth exploration of TCP/IP protocols, including the following layer
descriptions:

Network Interface Layer: Stevens discusses the network interface layer, encompassing physical
transmission and link-layer protocols such as Ethernet, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), and RARP
(Reverse Address Resolution Protocol).

Internet Layer: The book covers IP (Internet Protocol) extensively, including IP addressing, routing, and
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol).

Transport Layer: Stevens delves into the TCP and UDP protocols, discussing their features, operation,
and differences.

Application Layer: The book examines various application-layer protocols, including Telnet, FTP, HTTP,
and DNS, explaining their functionality and interactions.

"Data Communications and Networking" by Behrouz A. Forouzan:

Forouzan provides a comprehensive overview of networking concepts, including the TCP/IP model
layers:

Network Interface Layer: This layer focuses on physical and data link protocols, addressing issues related
to physical transmission, media access control, and error detection.

Internet Layer: Forouzan covers IP addressing, routing algorithms, and the Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP).
Transport Layer: The book explains the functionalities of TCP and UDP, including connection
establishment, reliable data transfer, and flow control.

Application Layer: Forouzan discusses various application-layer protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and
DNS, highlighting their role and communication processes.

"Computer Networks: A Top-Down Approach" by James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross:

The book takes a top-down approach, explaining the TCP/IP model layers as follows:

Application Layer: Kurose and Ross discuss application protocols, including HTTP, SMTP, DNS, and FTP.
They focus on the services and interactions provided by these protocols.

Transport Layer: The book covers TCP and UDP, highlighting their reliability mechanisms, congestion
control, and multiplexing/demultiplexing of data.

Internet Layer: The authors explain IP addressing, routing algorithms, and the Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP).

Network Interface Layer: This layer deals with link-layer protocols, including Ethernet, PPP (Point-to-
Point Protocol), and wireless networks, discussing concepts such as media access control and error
detection.

"Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture" by Douglas E. Comer:

Comer's book presents a comprehensive examination of TCP/IP,