UNIT-1' Difference blew ast and tce/re:- ost OST yptesests open Tee/xrpe ao Tee/zte model re ants SY¥Skm Inkerconnection the transmission Contvo! — pretecal/ tnterne pre teocal: Wy oSz 18 generic , @vot@cal |ciis tce/te model deends in dependent Standard or Standard protocals Tt vs acting as an about which the interaction gate way Computey network Wish ikey . netisevis, ana has created - TE iy USer + @ Connection protscal thor ARS igns the Network of the host: Giz) The ost mode! was [did the protocals cere developed first, and Created first aad then pystreab were then boilk = the crated to Frkt the tee/te model. Netusovic » Corch s tectures —te: Ws st deat pevie y) provides cyvality Sewices. the osx model Teprasentonts admin ivty- ation, interfaces and Conven tions. Ww quality Sey vices - TE doesn’t mention bhe services interfaces and protcals,(Wid TE is difficolk as disting vished te Tee/re wid tt provides both conneckiva & Connection- Wy TE bs Simpilar than ost. wid se ervides connec Lia. less teas mision, vill) Th weg wed tia] 1 KPA OUch ¥ Gea, The 5 mmoullasd '”” ibe Of tee/te header is 20 bykes., legs) ‘transmission. wilh TL uses. ahevizsnt! ' al approach. eo the smatlest Size a af “ost header is 5 bytes Abeer qin te OSt “Model © Ter/ze Model Application ‘ Layey Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Loyey Network Layey Detter. Link, Layey “Application Layer Transgovt Layer Network Access’ "Layer Physical Layer= cybew / cyber crime / cyber secori ty: | cyboer + — > ‘tn the last latio’s the eves Cyke nekics was coined by mothe matician Noy bey & Wiener”. > cyber is ao prefix! thot denotes a vela tionship with It» Ctnrftymation — techho lag y). > Any thing relating "bo _ Competing such as 2 ilintemet’s ! aun el technology : 2 > .Te can relate 4. ail Lhe aspects of computing tncluding Stoving data, 1 PYekecting dado, accessing data, PYECESSing dato. . bransmitting data, and linking data: D> the Bhree, amet — of Common ,, eymp, oof cyber axes. / @ cyber attack © cyber crime ©... cyber: .8 paces @ cyber ottackrs, This on “a ea ee te ‘disvopt, disable, destroy Ce) Control aL com/py ter envifenmenty oy cus soi , aD | i © cyber crime i cyber crime js eny orme which ts carried ovt using — infoymation techno logy «© cyber space: cyber. space iy.» the sto oye and caw compe tex where data using ne twovlky occur: Network devices CHub, Repeater By idge, switch — = — TS Ve Oe Rovtex, Gateways and Brouter) = — —_ Network devices. Network devices also kknoton Os Networking haydusore 7 xe; physical devices that allow havdware on a Compotey network to Communicate and interact saith «ane, anather, \' poy “example “Repeater 1, Switch, | Rovtevs) Gabewsiy, Brouky eee ; Ud Repeaber:t >A “qepeater © operabes at the. physica! layer si bl gee is bo, reg enevate ,, the , signal over the = same network before, the Signal becomes tec Weak Cor) crvepled to extend lhe length to which the Signo Con be transmitted over the Sau @ Network: — An important point ts that they de pot ameli fy the signal: > when the signal become weal, they copy fe be wy bre aad regen evatt ib Cater — topolagy Cannectéors) « Envivonm ent Commoni cation4 DTH ba gat device’ o) Repeater! 7 diy tb ( : FSB DA “the is a. basically multi - povtrep eater» \ DA ‘We, connects > mulbiple’ |‘ from different branches. —S Hubs Cannot wives” “Comming Filey data, a0 datd’ packets are ginb te all Connected | dewies.. oN ‘they’ “do hot have the inklgece a »iftind out PERE Bese Ace ty date paces” ee } x ty‘Types of tHhbt- ‘ =a = = © | Active “hobs Mey © Passive hob © Intelligent hub Srnseye nyse —> these axe the hobs that: hhowyd>' eb / paula aueely and can clean, boost, add relay the "signal along cnith the .netwovk. > zt Ser ees beth | Fepea bey + oa well as coving Center. ee , j => These One ued te. extend.the ) maximum » distaace bblea nodes. © Pasbive hubs , > these core the hobs | thab collects waiving from nodes aad power supply from the active hob. > They can’-be wed to extend the distance blo Nodes. © antelligent hub hae > zt wos like aa active hob and indudes vrem ote monayemen & capabili tie They also prowile flexible data yates. } t but> Thales enables an admini gtyaldy be monitor the tralFic passing. through the hob. Win, Bridge > R dovidge — opeyates ak the data [ne layer. Ay levies’ yi Yepeaitr, coith add od the “finctiona lily of “Fil bering conten by reading the ‘mre addrey of the Sorte ocad vi! destination , : >t iy also used for inlconnectng two o LANS » thovking: © on the same prstoca| . PT bes Single thos g single output ports ‘ Bridge Tye of Bvlegei 1 al i © Transparent Blidge { 1) © soure Routing Bridge@ Trans parent Grid cles —> These are the bvidgye tn which Lhe! Stations aye Completely Ome onawar of the lovidlge & exit ence: © Sevrce — Revting Bridges In these bridges, youting operaticn is -eéyformed By She SOX’ Statioa aad thes frame specifies which Qv> switchs se —> RF switch cFrctency > A switch, >" The switch “Behore fox ote to follow, Ts a Mm vlbipart —byidge Cee aad pe¥formaace. Us aiodabe. links -Layeyt? dove. cag perform very ‘checking warding data,Types of switcht © unmanaged suuitch Managed . switch émavé switch lope, 2 sunitches layer 3 switches PoE 5, Switches SB8ea 609 Meo dulay saaitchey, @onmanaged switchs, > thee switche inn @ “simple pig -and-phy design, addi) dow mots offer’ cdvaaced. > they .,are dvituble 57 mall inebaaske © Managed Switch! eo . > thee switche offer advanced configovathe option — such ay VANS |» @or and link — aggregation. A ORRty eke aultable Poy laygey more , Complex ea Netwoyky, © Smoot switche They ore svituble toy Small network they are gilable Pov ' small to mediom vised networks——_— @ Layer Ee 2 switches:— These seitches operate ot the ire laye of the osx medel .cnd! ore responsible For Fevwording data Slo devices oo the same were. © layer @ switthes® These witches opevate at the netusotle layer of the osr and Can route datu bles netoork meder different Segmen ts. Cthey © est switches. more calvanced) these switches have eo wer over Ether net capabi li Evas them +o sSerly clevyces cohich allows power ovey to network the Same cable. ‘ @ moedsluy — switches “these “alfews Fev ecasy ea puasion.| + they: | Gre Svikable For lange netwosiks + QW Ro vter lL mapas ta Gokeways are alsa Convey beng and Cag netuwyle — layey. > Teakeway; _ gure _ Senerally mores, comple than “guiftdhe, ON You Lens. : 15. wtb arts pod wet called 2% prstsce | operate at anyqi’ Gasobey + > tt cn 6 bayer GO network " layey. > rb also [enown, eur the bovidging Torey, Ww ao device that Combines the Feature of bath bridge Cad . youters “wore other ‘atthe data link fosvvot Computer netwoylet ome 1 As Comp ober fniéturovk ia" & group of comptes linked to euch othey bhat enables the Compytty te Communicate with another Compotey and share theiy resources , data and applications. TyPS af Comproler pnetworvle/ See — A Computer netwowk can be cutegovized trio fow lypes, They ares u> LAN ub man Gi) WAN tv PAN Us LAN ClLocal axa netwoik)t = = 7 = 44 => lav wv a! grve of netwoyla connected ty each other iN ymall — .aseas/, Chuil ding. office, shoppiag).!os” Connecting two © Move > LAW WV used compotey throygh ce Commonicet ton medio, Clwiske a paiy, coaxial cable, etc...) , > x les. costly @y exPENsive , it 1, uiht. Coikh Nevdwore such cs hubs network > aclap bes,’ aad ebheyned cable ¢ > The data ty trans fevred at an 2x brem| 4, fas ley vate in local Arta nebwoue, > 2 provide highew. Secivi ty pais ean C Pessoncal Are nckwort) Greet > PAN iv "Ne tuoyie onrenged ovidhin ¢ a aa pewon's” Covith! © inthe | “roage of 109) rere> Thomas Zimmerman was the fir YEO cowch secentvt to bring the Pde > PAN covers ca area Of 80 feet. > powonal Computer devils Claptop imbile phones, media, player, wad. play vtetiyg) that Ore wed ko develop Pa. aypes of PAN! a2 ? law @© wied pan © wiles ean @ wired PAN! wired PAN netorik is crated zs = by using the sp.Owrlean PAW’ cwhrelest PAN “Nelwole ip created by wifi, Bluetooth. dip MAN *-, Crretrops |iissn Arce, network) Stk yas netusovie) thet “covers a. leagesy geographic rea | by | inlay conneck ing as different LAN: > Gevernment agencis use MAW bo Conn egy te the citizens aod PYIVabe Mnduvieg Te o/h pK ‘e e iE aE => Tr man, various LAWS are Ccomected to eath = olhey through in oa telephone pling, > the mou l.- utdely,, ured Prstocal? ty maw re Rs232 ,AtTMm vy Ty SPWADDL. 2 des) Exeumphe > maw Movusedtans bre banks ey the ciby. > Zt. canbe used» tye Atv line Teseyvalion. > Zt, Can be wed Pn a ‘College with in aw, chkya Sut _ : ' Wo WAN Cwide Aycu Netweyie) |. ea = = = DR WAN oi eaenetoorn 7 that ex lends oe large , Seagrarhtce!! ove’, uth AS Shakey “(EY ,, Comntyies. nel aA WAW W not limited in single location, > rt spaau through telephone imme, Fiber active line (oy, satellite ‘link. > the fntevnet 1s the one of the biggest WAN in Ehe Woovid. ' > the WAW is wrdely wed in dus iness gevemment and education. &\ mobile byoad fast. band, private ” Aelworie CA PAAR. Provider “private Gomnech 4 OF Ficeg), “Wetec” Led Uri ds L,WIst. = > Nast ty ther, pabivaal ° tastity te “of Stande:, § technelogy, | at the U5, depart mend of Cammerce+ Do the Nasr cybeyy. vecwity fame wstile dumeser of all. sizer fav hedey onda, stand , manage aad reduce the vik proteck the date and networle, Atos ‘ pn & Cate ge hes The _ NIST. cyber, Secuvily Frameworky Ogun ize RS Gove” matecall, PbS functions” whith “are sub divided a cotegovies - vite uy rdeakity a pap cls Protech anil tides 1} UY Detect 7 dy, Respond , KV w Rew very Pn Wo ren tify), dyin of , = Develop,“ the rorgaat 2a Lisadl ondentanding % ne ree only vrisk to systems, asvets |, datw Yaga “Capabibl fey 4Eqr Assege management, Businey envi von eat, hovernane , RUK WHEeSsemend my aly Protect Develop and implement the apprepivate seafe quar ds to ensure delivery of Cvibi ca infrastructure Seyvice + E¥t Puthnetication and Acceyy contre, Awarenys aod brainy 4 daba | sewyity: a deleckt Develop and imel emeat the xppyopirabe activities. E¥* Anomalics a Events | Secwiby Continey mon ite Ying. Wo Respond t Develop add implement the appropirate actWNitis. Eg Response planning, Commun? cation, Pralwis, mizigetion: OD Recover. Develop aod implement the apprplrate actNi#e ts lake — action regavdihga detected , cybersecuviby events, EXt Response ‘planning |” i papiove nner